JP3586299B2 - Sleepers for snow melting - Google Patents

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JP3586299B2
JP3586299B2 JP28640594A JP28640594A JP3586299B2 JP 3586299 B2 JP3586299 B2 JP 3586299B2 JP 28640594 A JP28640594 A JP 28640594A JP 28640594 A JP28640594 A JP 28640594A JP 3586299 B2 JP3586299 B2 JP 3586299B2
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sleeper
heating element
electric heating
snow
temperature
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JPH08144201A (en
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征史 井坂
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/30Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は融雪用枕木に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
積雪地に敷設された軌道は、冬期、積雪により、列車の運行に支障があるので、この積雪に悩まされている。
これを解決するために、軌道に水を流して、雪を解かす方法が一部行われている。
又、枕木とレールとの間やレールの根元に電気発熱体を取り付けて、この電気発熱体に通電して、レールを加熱して雪を解かす方法も一部行われている。
【0003】
しかし、軌道に水を流して、雪を解かす方法は気温が比較的高いときには有効であるが、気温が下がり、水が凍るようになると、水を供給する近傍のみが溶けるだけである。又、更に気温が低くなると、水を供給する管の中で水が凍って雪を溶かすことができなくなる。
又、枕木とレールとの間やレールの根元に電気発熱体を取り付けて、この発熱体に通電してレールを加熱して雪を解かす方法は、レールの近傍だけ雪が溶けるので、レールとレールとの間、あるいは、レールの外側の雪は溶けない。従って、積雪量が多くなると、このレールとレールの間やレールの外側の雪が高くなり、列車の運行に支障をきたす。
【0004】
かかる問題を解決する方法として、本出願人は、先に、ガラス長繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体の枕木本体と、この枕木本体の中または表面に設けられたニクロム線からなる電気発熱体とからなる融雪用枕木を考案し、実開平5−10502号として出願した。
この考案は融雪用枕木近傍の雪が溶けるので列車の運行に支障がなく極めて効果的である。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、この考案を実際に使用していると、次に示す問題点があることが判明した。
即ち、ニクロム線からなる電気発熱体が、列車が通過する度に振動し、電気発熱体が切断するという問題が生じる。
又、ニクロム線が硬く柔軟性がないので、施工し難い。そのために、ニクロム線を曲げ易いように螺旋状にしたところ、線の長さが長くなり、従って、一定の抵抗を保つためには線を太くする必要がある。しかし、線を太くするとニクロム線が曲げ難くなるから、更に、螺旋の径を大とする必要があり、不便であった。
【0006】
又、ニクロム線では、注意して温度制御しないと温度が上がり過ぎて(600〜800℃)、ガラス長繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体が焦げるという問題が発生した。
そこで、本発明の目的は、上記考案を改良して柔軟性に富み、従って、施工性し易いし、振動に強く、しかも、ガラス長繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体の枕木本体を焦がすほど温度を上げないでも雪を溶かすことができる融雪用枕木を提供するものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記問題を解決し、上記目的を達成するためになしたものであって、請求項1記載の発明は、ガラス長繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体の下部枕木とこの下部枕木の上に重合された下部枕木と同じ材質の上部枕木とからなる枕木本体と、下部枕木と上部枕木との間に、該下部枕木の表面に予め設けられている溝の中に挿入されて、該下部枕木に取り付けられるようにして設けられた、ニクロム線より比電気伝導度の大きい金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸の電気発熱体とからなるものである。
【0008】
又、請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1記載の融雪用枕木であって、前記下部枕木の溝が、長手方向に2往復設けられているものである。
【0009】
又、請求項3記載の発明は、請求項1または2記載の融雪用枕木であって、電気発熱体がレール締結タイプレート取付用螺子釘または犬釘の取付位置を避けて設けられているものである。
【0010】
本発明に使用するガラス長繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体とは、熱硬化性樹脂発泡体の中にガラス長繊維を長手方向に入れて補強したもので、種々なものがあるが、最も一般的なものは、飽和または不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂の未硬化状態のシロップにガラス繊維を入れ、これを発泡させながら、樹脂を硬化させたものである。このガラス長繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体は、軽く、寸法安定性、耐水性、耐久性、釘の保持力、耐磨耗性、耐衝撃性に優れたものである。
【0011】
このガラス長繊維で補強された熱可塑性樹脂発泡体の好ましいものは、密度が0.6〜1.0g/cmであり、補強のガラス長繊維の含有量は40〜60重量%である。又、好ましい熱硬化性樹脂樹脂としては硬質ウレタン樹脂や硬質ポリエステル樹脂がある。
特に、密度0.74g/cmでガラス長繊維の含有量50%のガラス長繊維強化ウレタン樹脂発泡体で、曲げ強度1200kgf/cm、曲げヤング係数90,000kgf/cmと高い強度を有しているものが好ましい。
【0012】
又、本発明に使用する電気発熱体は、ニクロム線より比電気伝導度の大きい金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸である。ここでニクロム線より比電気伝導度の大きい金属繊維とは、鉄線、銅線、アルミニウム線等のニクロム線より比電気伝導度の大きい金属を繊維状にしたものをいい、有機繊維とは、綿糸や羊毛繊維等の天然繊維、ポリエステル繊維やナイロン繊維やアラミド繊維等の合成繊維等をいう。特に、アラミド繊維は耐熱性が良好なので好ましい。
かかる電気発熱体の好ましいものとしては金属繊維とアラミド繊維とを撚った帝人株式会社製のソフテックスがある。
【0013】
本発明に使用する電気発熱体は金属繊維の比電気伝導度がニクロム線より大きいから同じ電気抵抗の線を比較すると金属繊維の方が細い。しかも、この電気発熱体は金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸であるから、全体としては太くなり発熱面積が大きくなる。例えば、抵抗0.81Ω/cmのニクロム線の直径は0.13mmで、表面積は4.08cm/mであるが、ほぼ同じ抵抗である0.83Ω/cmのソフテックスの直径は0.54mmで、表面積は16.96cm/mであり、約4.15倍となる。又、抵抗0.42Ω/cmのニクロム線の直径は0.18mmで、表面積は5.65cm/mであるが、ほぼ同じ抵抗である0.41Ω/cmのソフテックスの直径は0.83mmで、表面積は26.06cm/mで約4.61倍となる。
【0014】
又、この電気発熱体は金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸であるから、柔軟性に富み、従って、施工し易いし、振動や衝撃による断線がない。
本発明に使用する電気発熱体は漏電したりショートしないように、表面をゴムや合成樹脂等の柔軟な絶縁体で被覆するとよい。
【0015】
【作用】
本発明請求項1記載の融雪用枕木はガラス長繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体の下部枕木とこの下部枕木の上に重合された下部枕木と同じ材質の上部枕木とからなる枕木本体と、下部枕木と上部枕木との間に設けられた、ニクロム線より比電気伝導度の大きい金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸の電気発熱体とからなるから、この電気発熱体に通電すると、電気発熱体の表面から熱が発生し、この融雪用枕木の上の雪を融解する。従って、雪による列車の運行に支障が生じない。
本発明に使用する電気発熱体は金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸であるから、同じ抵抗のニクロム線と比較して、撚り糸の表面積が大きい。従って、表面温度を下げても、同じ熱量を発生させることができる。換言すると、表面温度をニクロム線より低くしても同じ雪量を溶かすことができる。そのために、ガラス繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体の枕木本体を焦がすことなく雪を溶かすことができる。
又、この電気発熱体は金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸であるから、単繊維に比較して柔軟性に富み、従って、施工し易いし、振動や衝撃による断線がない。
又、電気発熱体は下部枕木と上部枕木との間に設けられているから、融雪用枕木の表面に電気発熱体が現れない。従って、融雪用枕木の上を歩いたり融雪用枕木の上で作業しても電気発熱体が磨耗したり痛まない。又、紫外線に照射されないから有機繊維が老化し難い。
又、電気発熱体は、下部枕木と上部枕木との間に、該下部枕木の表面に予め設けられている溝の中に挿入されて、該下部枕木に取り付けられるようにして設けられているから、下部枕木の溝の中に電気発熱体を入れ、プラグを取り付け、この下部枕木の上に上部枕木を載せ、接着剤で下部枕木と上部枕木を接着するようにして、融雪用枕木を完成させることができる。
【0016】
請求項2記載の発明では、前記下部枕木の溝が、長手方向に2往復設けられているから、その下部枕木の溝の中に電気発熱体を入れ、プラグを取り付け、この下部枕木の上に上部枕木を載せ、接着剤で下部枕木と上部枕木を接着するようにして、融雪用枕木を完成させることができる。
【0017】
請求項3記載の発明では、レール締結タイプレート取付用螺子釘または犬釘の取付位置を避けて電気発熱体が設けられているから、融雪用枕木の上に安心してレール締結タイプレート取付用螺子釘を取り付けたり、犬釘を打ち込んでレールを取り付けることができる。
【0018】
【実施例】
次に、本発明の一実施例を説明する。
図1〜図4は本発明の一実施例を示すものであって、図1は融雪用枕木の(イ)斜視図、(ロ)は(イ)のA−A線における断面図、図2は融雪用枕木の(イ)は平面図、(ロ)は正面図、図3の(イ)は下部枕木の斜視図、(ロ)は上部枕木の斜視図、(ハ)は(イ)のB部を拡大して示す平面図、図4および図5は融雪用枕木の加熱昇温試験結果を示す図である。
【0019】
図1〜図3において、Cは融雪用枕木であり、ガラス長繊維で補強された硬質ウレタン樹脂からなる熱硬化性樹脂の硬質発泡体(密度0.74g/cm、ガラス長繊維の含有量50重量%、曲げ強度1200kgf/cm、曲げヤング係数90,000kgf/cm)の枕木本体1と金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸の表面に耐熱性の良好な合成樹脂製皮膜が設けられた電気発熱体2とからなる。
枕木本体1は下部枕木11と、この下部枕木本体11の上面に重合された上部枕木12とからなる。
下部枕木本体11は長さ2600mm、幅240mm、高さ180mmであり、上部枕木本体12は長さと幅は下部枕木本体11とほぼ同じで高さが30mmである。
【0020】
電気発熱体2は、下部枕木11の表面に予め長手方向に2往復設けられている溝15の中に挿入されて、下部枕木11に取り付けられ、この上に上部枕木12が重合されている。即ち、下部枕木11と上部枕木12との間に電気発熱体2が設けられている。
尚、枕木本体11のレール締結タイプレート取付用螺子釘または犬釘の取付位置3を避けて溝15が設けられている。
4は電気発熱体2に取り付けられたプラグである。
【0021】
次に、この融雪用枕木Cの施工方法および作用について説明する。
ガラス長繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体を適宜寸法に切断して下部枕木11と上部枕木12とを製造する。
その際、下部枕木11の上面に溝15を設ける。
次に、下部枕木11の溝15の中に電気発熱体2を入れ、プラグ4を取り付け、この下部枕木11の上に上部枕木12を載せ、接着剤で下部枕木11と上部枕木12とを接着すると、融雪用枕木Cが完成する。
このように、本実施例の融雪用枕木Cは簡単に製造できる。
【0022】
この融雪用枕木Cを施工現場に運搬し、融雪用枕木Cを敷設し、この上にレールを取り付け、プラグ4を電源に接続する。
この際、電気発熱体2がレール締結タイプレート取付用螺子釘または犬釘の取付位置3を避けて取り付けられているから、安心して融雪用枕木Cの上にレールを取り付けることができるし、又、電気発熱体2が表面に出てないから電気発熱体2を傷めることなく作業をすることができる。
【0023】
冬期、雪が降ると、図示してないスイッチを入れて、プラグ4を経て電気発熱体2に通電する。すると、電気発熱体2から発生する熱が伝わって融雪用枕木Cの上面から熱が発生し、この上に降った雪が全部融解し、雪が積もらなかった。この際、電気発熱体2の表面積はニクロム線より大きいから、電気発熱体2の表面温度がニクロム線より低くしても充分雪を溶かすことができる。従って、ガラス長繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体からなる枕木本体1が焦げなかった。
【0024】
次に、この融雪用枕木Cの発熱特性をみるために、次の実験を行った。
実験方法
−10℃に設定された人工気象室に融雪用枕木Cを約12時間放置して充分冷却した後、通電を開始し、経過時間と各部温度を熱伝対温度計で自動記録する。
又、スライダックで電圧を変えて、電気発熱体2の出力(W)と昇温特性との関係を測定する。
尚、この時使用した融雪用枕木Cは、長さ2600mm、幅240mm、高さ180mmの下部枕木11に電気発熱体2を取り付け、長さと幅はほぼ同じで高さが30mmの上部枕木12を取り付けたものを使用した。
次に、電気発熱体2の温度が上昇して平衡になった段階で電源を切り、電気発熱体2の温度下降特性を測定する。
【0025】
電気発熱体2の出力(W)を種々かえたときの240分後の電気発熱体2の表面温度と融雪用枕木Cの上面の温度とを測定した結果を表1に、又、電気発熱体2の出力を400W(200V)としたときの温度変化を図4(温度上昇状態)および図5(温度下降状態)に示す。
【0026】
【表1】

Figure 0003586299
【0027】
尚、図4および図5において、aは電気発熱体2の表面温度、bは下部枕木11と上部枕木12との間の温度、cは下部枕木11の上から30mm下の温度、dは下部枕木11の上から60mm下の温度、eは融雪用枕木Cの下面の温度、fは融雪用枕木Cの上面の温度、gは融雪用枕木Cの横面の温度、hは融雪用枕木Cの端面の温度、iは気温である。
【0028】
この測定結果から次のことが判明した。
1)電気発熱体2は通電して約4時間後に一定温度に達した。
2)この一定温度(電気発熱体2の表面温度、融雪用枕木Cの上面温度)は出力(W)に比例している。
3)電気発熱体2の昇温カーブに遅れて融雪用枕木Cの上面の温度が上昇している。
4)融雪用枕木Cの横面および端面の温度はほぼ室温と同じで、温度上昇は確認されない。
それに対して上面の温度上昇は大きい。
5)サーモビュアーの画像により、時間の経過するにつれて電気発熱体の上部の昇温が顕著であるが、おおむね均一に発熱していることが判った。
【0029】
又、温度下降の結果から次のことが判明した。
1)電源OFF後、各部の温度が0℃になるのに約800分要している。
2)電源OFF後、電気発熱体自体の表面温度が速やかに下降しているのに対して、枕木本体内部の温度は緩やかなカーブを描いて下降している。このことより枕木本体は蓄熱効果を有していることが判る。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明融雪用枕木はガラス長繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体の下部枕木とこの下部枕木の上に重合された下部枕木と同じ材質の上部枕木とからなる枕木本体と、下部枕木と上部枕木との間に設けられた、ニクロム線より比電気伝導度の大きい金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸の電気発熱体とからなるから、この電気発熱体に通電すると、この融雪用枕木の上の雪を融解する。従って、雪による列車の運行に支障が生じない。
本発明に使用する電気発熱体は金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸であるから、同じ抵抗のニクロム線と比較して、撚り糸の表面積が大きい。従って、同じ雪量を溶かすのに表面温度をニクロム線より低くてよい。そのために、ガラス繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体の枕木本体を焦がすことなく雪を溶かすことができる。
又、この電気発熱体は金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸であるから、単繊維に比較して柔軟性に富み、従って、施工し易いし、振動や衝撃による断線がない。
又、電気発熱体は下部枕木と上部枕木との間に設けられているから、融雪用枕木の表面に電気発熱体が現れない。従って、融雪用枕木の上を歩いたり融雪用枕木の上で作業しても電気発熱体が磨耗したり痛まない。又、紫外線に照射されないから有機繊維が老化し難い。
又、電気発熱体は、下部枕木と上部枕木との間に、該下部枕木の表面に予め設けられている溝の中に挿入されて、該下部枕木に取り付けられるようにして設けられているから、下部枕木の溝の中に電気発熱体を入れ、プラグを取り付け、この下部枕木の上に上部枕木を載せ、接着剤で下部枕木と上部枕木を接着するようにして、融雪用枕木を完成させることができる。
【0031】
請求項2記載の発明では、前記下部枕木の溝が、長手方向に2往復設けられているから、その下部枕木の溝の中に電気発熱体を入れ、プラグを取り付け、この下部枕木の上に上部枕木を載せ、接着剤で下部枕木と上部枕木を接着するようにして、融雪用枕木を完成させることができる。
【0032】
請求項3記載の発明では、レール締結タイプレート取付用螺子釘または犬釘の取付位置を避けて設けられているから、融雪用枕木の上に安心してレール締結タイプレート取付用螺子釘を取り付けたり、犬釘を打ち込んでレールを取り付けることができる。
このように、本発明融雪用枕木は種々な効果があるから極めて価値のある発明である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は本発明融雪用枕木の一実施例を示すもので、(イ)は融雪用枕木の斜視図、(ロ)は(イ)のA−A線における断面図である。
【図2】図2は融雪用枕木の(イ)は平面図、(ロ)は正面図である。
【図3】図3は融雪用枕木の一実施例を示すもので、(イ)は下部枕木の斜視図、(ロ)は下部枕木の斜視図、(ハ)は(イ)のB部を拡大して示す平面図である。
【図4】融雪用枕木の加熱昇温試験結果を示す図表である
【図5】融雪用枕木の加熱昇温試験結果を示す図表である
【符号の説明】
C 融雪用枕木
1 枕木本体
11 下部枕木
12 上部枕木
15 溝
2 電気発熱体
3 レール締結タイプレート取付用螺子釘または犬釘の取付位置[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a sleeper for snow melting.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Tracks laid in snowy areas are troubled by the snow in winter due to snowfall, which hinders train operation.
In order to solve this, a method of melting water by flowing water in orbit has been partially adopted.
There is also a method of attaching an electric heating element between a sleeper and a rail or at the base of a rail, energizing the electric heating element, heating the rail, and melting snow.
[0003]
However, the method of melting water by flowing water in orbit is effective when the temperature is relatively high. However, when the temperature drops and the water freezes, only the area near the water supply melts. Further, when the temperature is further lowered, the water freezes in the pipe for supplying the water and the snow cannot be melted.
Also, an electric heating element is attached between the sleeper and the rail or at the base of the rail, and this heating element is energized to heat the rail and melt the snow. The snow between and on the outside of the rail does not melt. Therefore, when the amount of snowfall increases, the snow between the rails and on the outside of the rails increases, which hinders train operation.
[0004]
As a method of solving such a problem, the present applicant has previously made an electric sleeper body made of a thermosetting resin foam reinforced with long glass fibers and a nichrome wire provided in or on the sleeper body. We devised a snow sleeper consisting of a heating element and applied for it as Japanese Utility Model Application No. 5-10502.
The present invention is extremely effective because the snow near the sleepers for melting snow melts, so there is no hindrance to train operation.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the present invention was actually used, the following problems were found.
That is, there is a problem that the electric heating element made of the nichrome wire vibrates every time the train passes and the electric heating element is cut off.
Also, since the nichrome wire is hard and inflexible, it is difficult to construct. For this reason, when the nichrome wire is spirally formed so as to be easily bent, the length of the wire becomes longer. Therefore, it is necessary to make the wire thicker in order to maintain a certain resistance. However, if the wire is made thicker, the nichrome wire becomes difficult to bend, so that it is necessary to further increase the diameter of the spiral, which is inconvenient.
[0006]
Further, in the case of the nichrome wire, if the temperature is not carefully controlled, the temperature rises too much (600 to 800 ° C.), causing a problem that the thermosetting resin foam reinforced with the long glass fiber burns.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned invention, to enhance flexibility, and therefore to facilitate workability, to withstand vibration, and to provide a thermosetting resin foam body reinforced with long glass fibers. An object of the present invention is to provide a snow sleeper that can melt snow without increasing the temperature so as to burn it.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems and to achieve the above object, and the invention according to claim 1 comprises a lower sleeper made of a thermosetting resin foam reinforced with long glass fibers and a lower part thereof. A sleeper body consisting of an upper sleeper made of the same material as the lower sleeper superimposed on the sleeper, and between the lower sleeper and the upper sleeper, inserted into a groove previously provided on the surface of the lower sleeper. And an electric heating element made of a twisted yarn formed by twisting a metal fiber having a higher specific electric conductivity than that of the nichrome wire and an organic fiber, so as to be attached to the lower sleeper .
[0008]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the snow sleeper according to the first aspect, wherein the groove of the lower sleeper is provided two times in a longitudinal direction .
[0009]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the snow sleeper according to the first or second aspect, wherein the electric heating element is provided so as to avoid a mounting position of a screw nail or a dog nail for rail fastening tie plate mounting. is there.
[0010]
The thermosetting resin foam reinforced with long glass fibers used in the present invention is a thermosetting resin foam reinforced by putting long glass fibers in the longitudinal direction, and there are various types. The most common one is a glass fiber that is put into an uncured syrup of a thermosetting resin such as a saturated or unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, etc., and the resin is cured while foaming. It is. The thermosetting resin foam reinforced with long glass fibers is light and has excellent dimensional stability, water resistance, durability, nail holding power, abrasion resistance, and impact resistance.
[0011]
A preferred thermoplastic resin foam reinforced with long glass fibers has a density of 0.6 to 1.0 g / cm 3 and a content of long glass fibers for reinforcement of 40 to 60% by weight. Preferred thermosetting resin resins include hard urethane resins and hard polyester resins.
Particularly, it is a long glass fiber reinforced urethane resin foam having a density of 0.74 g / cm 3 and a long glass fiber content of 50%, and has a high bending strength of 1200 kgf / cm 2 and a bending Young's modulus of 90,000 kgf / cm 2. Are preferred.
[0012]
The electric heating element used in the present invention is a twisted yarn obtained by twisting a metal fiber having a higher specific electric conductivity than a nichrome wire and an organic fiber. Here, a metal fiber having a higher specific electrical conductivity than a nichrome wire refers to a metal fiber having a higher specific electrical conductivity than a nichrome wire, such as an iron wire, a copper wire, and an aluminum wire, in a fibrous form. And natural fibers such as wool fibers, and synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers, nylon fibers, and aramid fibers. In particular, aramid fibers are preferable because of their good heat resistance.
A preferred example of such an electric heating element is Softex made by Teijin Limited in which metal fibers and aramid fibers are twisted.
[0013]
Since the electrical heating element used in the present invention has a specific electrical conductivity higher than that of the nichrome wire, the metal fiber is thinner when compared to wires having the same electrical resistance. In addition, since this electric heating element is a twisted yarn in which metal fibers and organic fibers are twisted, the electric heating element as a whole becomes thick and the heat generation area becomes large. For example, a nichrome wire having a resistance of 0.81 Ω / cm has a diameter of 0.13 mm and a surface area of 4.08 cm 2 / m, while a softex having a resistance of about 0.83 Ω / cm has a diameter of 0.54 mm. And the surface area is 16.96 cm 2 / m, which is about 4.15 times. The diameter of a nichrome wire having a resistance of 0.42 Ω / cm is 0.18 mm, and the surface area is 5.65 cm 2 / m. The diameter of a softex of 0.41 Ω / cm, which has almost the same resistance, is 0.83 mm. The surface area is about 4.61 times at 26.06 cm 2 / m.
[0014]
Further, since the electric heating element is a twisted yarn obtained by twisting a metal fiber and an organic fiber, the electric heating element is rich in flexibility, and therefore is easy to perform, and has no disconnection due to vibration or impact.
The surface of the electric heating element used in the present invention may be covered with a flexible insulator such as rubber or synthetic resin so as not to leak or short.
[0015]
[Action]
The sleeper according to claim 1, comprising a lower sleeper made of a thermosetting resin foam reinforced with long glass fibers and an upper sleeper of the same material as the lower sleeper superimposed on the lower sleeper. And an electric heating element of a twisted yarn formed by twisting a metal fiber and an organic fiber having a higher specific conductivity than the nichrome wire , provided between the lower sleeper and the upper sleeper, so that the electric heating element is energized. Then, heat is generated from the surface of the electric heating element, and the snow on the snow tie is melted. Therefore, the operation of the train due to snow is not hindered.
Since the electric heating element used in the present invention is a twisted yarn obtained by twisting metal fibers and organic fibers, the surface area of the twisted yarn is larger than that of a nichrome wire having the same resistance. Therefore, even if the surface temperature is lowered, the same amount of heat can be generated. In other words, the same amount of snow can be melted even if the surface temperature is lower than that of the nichrome wire. Therefore, snow can be melted without burning the sleeper body of the thermosetting resin foam reinforced with glass fiber.
Further, since the electric heating element is a twisted yarn obtained by twisting a metal fiber and an organic fiber, the electric heating element has more flexibility than a single fiber, and is therefore easy to construct, and has no disconnection due to vibration or impact.
Further, since the electric heating element is provided between the lower sleeper and the upper sleeper, the electric heating element does not appear on the surface of the snow melting sleeper. Accordingly, the electric heating element does not wear or hurt even when walking on the snow tie or working on the snow tie. Further, since the organic fibers are not irradiated with ultraviolet rays, the organic fibers hardly age.
Further, the electric heating element is provided between the lower sleeper and the upper sleeper so as to be inserted into a groove provided in advance on the surface of the lower sleeper and to be attached to the lower sleeper. Put the electric heating element in the groove of the lower sleeper, attach the plug, put the upper sleeper on this lower sleeper, and glue the lower sleeper and the upper sleeper with adhesive to complete the snow sleeper be able to.
[0016]
In the invention according to claim 2, since the lower sleeper groove is provided two reciprocations in the longitudinal direction, an electric heating element is put in the lower sleeper groove, a plug is attached, and the lower sleeper is placed on the lower sleeper. The upper sleeper is placed, and the lower sleeper and the upper sleeper are bonded with an adhesive to complete the snow sleeper.
[0017]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the electric heating element is provided avoiding the mounting position of the rail fastening tie plate mounting screw nail or dog nail, the rail fastening tie plate mounting screw nail can be safely mounted on the snow melting sleeper. You can attach a rail or attach a rail by driving a dog nail.
[0018]
【Example】
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
1 to 4 show one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of (a) a snow sleeper, (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of (a), and FIG. (A) is a plan view, (B) is a front view, (A) is a perspective view of a lower sleeper, (B) is a perspective view of an upper sleeper, (C) is a (A) of FIG. FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are enlarged plan views showing a portion B, and FIG. 4 and FIG.
[0019]
In FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, C is a sleeper for snow melting, which is a hard foam of thermosetting resin composed of hard urethane resin reinforced with long glass fibers (density 0.74 g / cm 2 , content of long glass fibers) (A 50% by weight, a bending strength of 1200 kgf / cm 2 , a bending Young's modulus of 90,000 kgf / cm 2 ), and a heat-resistant synthetic resin film on the surface of a twisted yarn obtained by twisting a metal fiber and an organic fiber. And an electric heating element 2 provided.
The sleeper body 1 includes a lower sleeper 11 and an upper sleeper 12 superposed on the upper surface of the lower sleeper body 11.
The lower sleeper body 11 has a length of 2600 mm, a width of 240 mm, and a height of 180 mm, and the upper sleeper body 12 has a length and a width substantially equal to those of the lower sleeper body 11 and a height of 30 mm.
[0020]
The electric heating element 2 is inserted into a groove 15 which has been previously provided two times in the longitudinal direction on the surface of the lower sleeper 11 and is attached to the lower sleeper 11, on which an upper sleeper 12 is superimposed. That is, the electric heating element 2 is provided between the lower sleeper 11 and the upper sleeper 12.
A groove 15 is provided so as to avoid the mounting position 3 of the screw nail or dog nail for rail fastening tie plate mounting of the sleeper body 11.
Reference numeral 4 denotes a plug attached to the electric heating element 2.
[0021]
Next, a construction method and an operation of the sleeper C for snow melting will be described.
The thermosetting resin foam reinforced with long glass fibers is cut into appropriate dimensions to produce the lower sleeper 11 and the upper sleeper 12.
At this time, a groove 15 is provided on the upper surface of the lower sleeper 11.
Next, the electric heating element 2 is inserted into the groove 15 of the lower sleeper 11, the plug 4 is attached, the upper sleeper 12 is placed on the lower sleeper 11, and the lower sleeper 11 and the upper sleeper 12 are bonded with an adhesive. Then, the sleeper C for snow melting is completed.
Thus, the sleeper C for snow melting of the present embodiment can be easily manufactured.
[0022]
The sleeper C for snow melting is transported to a construction site, the sleeper C for snow melting is laid, a rail is mounted thereon, and the plug 4 is connected to a power source.
At this time, since the electric heating element 2 is mounted so as to avoid the mounting position 3 of the screw nail or dog nail for rail fastening tie plate mounting, the rail can be securely mounted on the sleeper C for snow melting. Since the electric heating element 2 is not exposed on the surface, the operation can be performed without damaging the electric heating element 2.
[0023]
In winter, when snow falls, a switch (not shown) is turned on, and the electric heating element 2 is energized via the plug 4. Then, the heat generated from the electric heating element 2 was transmitted, and heat was generated from the upper surface of the sleeper C for snow melting, and the snow falling on this was completely melted, and no snow was accumulated. At this time, since the surface area of the electric heating element 2 is larger than that of the nichrome wire, it is possible to sufficiently melt snow even if the surface temperature of the electric heating element 2 is lower than that of the nichrome wire. Therefore, the sleeper body 1 made of the thermosetting resin foam reinforced with the long glass fiber did not burn.
[0024]
Next, the following experiment was conducted in order to examine the heat generation characteristics of the sleeper C for snow melting.
Experimental Method After leaving the sleeper C for snow melting in the artificial weather chamber set at -10 ° C. for about 12 hours and sufficiently cooling, energization is started, and the elapsed time and the temperature of each part are automatically recorded by a thermocouple thermometer.
The relationship between the output (W) of the electric heating element 2 and the temperature rise characteristics is measured by changing the voltage with a slidac.
In addition, the sleeper C for snow melting used at this time attaches the electric heating element 2 to a lower sleeper 11 having a length of 2600 mm, a width of 240 mm and a height of 180 mm, and an upper sleeper 12 having a length and a width substantially equal to each other and a height of 30 mm. The attached one was used.
Next, when the temperature of the electric heating element 2 rises and becomes equilibrium, the power is turned off, and the temperature drop characteristic of the electric heating element 2 is measured.
[0025]
Table 1 shows the measurement results of the surface temperature of the electric heating element 2 and the temperature of the upper surface of the sleeper C for snow melting 240 minutes after changing the output (W) of the electric heating element 2 variously. 4 (temperature rising state) and FIG. 5 (temperature falling state) when the output of No. 2 is 400 W (200 V).
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003586299
[0027]
4 and 5, a is the surface temperature of the electric heating element 2, b is the temperature between the lower sleeper 11 and the upper sleeper 12, c is the temperature 30 mm below the upper sleeper 11, and d is the lower temperature. E is the temperature of the lower surface of the sleeper C for snow melting, f is the temperature of the upper surface of the sleeper C for snow melting, g is the temperature of the lateral surface of the sleeper C for snow melting, and h is the temperature of the sleeper C for snow melting. And i is the temperature of the end face.
[0028]
The following was found from the measurement results.
1) The electric heating element 2 reached a certain temperature about 4 hours after the power was supplied.
2) This constant temperature (the surface temperature of the electric heating element 2 and the upper surface temperature of the snow melting sleeper C) is proportional to the output (W).
3) The temperature of the upper surface of the sleeper C for snow melting is rising later than the heating curve of the electric heating element 2.
4) The temperature of the lateral surface and the end surface of the sleeper C for snow melting is almost the same as room temperature, and no temperature rise is confirmed.
On the other hand, the temperature rise on the upper surface is large.
5) From the image of the thermoviewer, it was found that the temperature of the upper portion of the electric heating element was remarkable as time passed, but the heat was generated almost uniformly.
[0029]
The following was found from the result of the temperature decrease.
1) It takes about 800 minutes for the temperature of each part to reach 0 ° C. after the power is turned off.
2) After the power is turned off, the surface temperature of the electric heating element itself rapidly drops, whereas the temperature inside the sleeper body drops in a gentle curve. This shows that the sleeper body has a heat storage effect.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
The sleeper of the present invention is a sleeper body including a lower sleeper made of a thermosetting resin foam reinforced with long glass fiber and an upper sleeper of the same material as the lower sleeper superimposed on the lower sleeper, and a lower sleeper. Since it consists of an electric heating element of a twisted yarn in which a metal fiber having a higher specific electric conductivity than that of the nichrome wire and an organic fiber are provided between the upper sleeper and the electric heating element, Thaw the snow on the sleepers. Therefore, the operation of the train due to snow is not hindered.
Since the electric heating element used in the present invention is a twisted yarn obtained by twisting metal fibers and organic fibers, the surface area of the twisted yarn is larger than that of a nichrome wire having the same resistance. Therefore, the surface temperature may be lower than the Nichrome wire to melt the same amount of snow. Therefore, snow can be melted without burning the sleeper body of the thermosetting resin foam reinforced with glass fiber.
Further, since the electric heating element is a twisted yarn obtained by twisting a metal fiber and an organic fiber, the electric heating element has more flexibility than a single fiber, and is therefore easy to construct, and has no disconnection due to vibration or impact.
Further, since the electric heating element is provided between the lower sleeper and the upper sleeper, the electric heating element does not appear on the surface of the snow melting sleeper. Accordingly, the electric heating element does not wear or hurt even when walking on the snow tie or working on the snow tie. Further, since the organic fibers are not irradiated with ultraviolet rays, the organic fibers hardly age.
Further, the electric heating element is provided between the lower sleeper and the upper sleeper so as to be inserted into a groove provided in advance on the surface of the lower sleeper and to be attached to the lower sleeper. Put the electric heating element in the groove of the lower sleeper, attach the plug, place the upper sleeper on this lower sleeper, and glue the lower sleeper and the upper sleeper with adhesive to complete the snow sleeper be able to.
[0031]
In the invention according to claim 2, since the lower sleeper groove is provided two reciprocations in the longitudinal direction, an electric heating element is put in the lower sleeper groove, a plug is attached, and the lower sleeper is placed on the lower sleeper. The upper sleeper is placed, and the lower sleeper and the upper sleeper are bonded with an adhesive to complete the snow sleeper.
[0032]
In the invention according to claim 3, since the rail fastening tie plate mounting screw nail or dog nail is provided so as to avoid the mounting position, the rail fastening tie plate mounting screw nail can be securely mounted on the snow melting sleeper, The rail can be attached by driving a dog nail.
As described above, the snow sleeper of the present invention is an extremely valuable invention because it has various effects.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the snow sleeper of the present invention, wherein (A) is a perspective view of the snow sleeper, and (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of (A).
FIGS. 2A and 2B are a plan view and a front view, respectively.
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a sleeper for snow melting, (a) is a perspective view of a lower sleeper, (b) is a perspective view of a lower sleeper, and (c) is a portion B of (a). It is a top view which expands and shows.
FIG. 4 is a table showing the results of a heating and heating test of a snow melting sleeper. FIG. 5 is a table showing the results of a heating and heating test of a snow melting sleeper.
C Sleeper 1 for snow melting 1 Sleeper body 11 Lower sleeper 12 Upper sleeper 15 Groove 2 Electric heating element 3 Rail fastening tie plate screw or dog nail mounting position

Claims (3)

ガラス長繊維で補強された熱硬化性樹脂発泡体の下部枕木とこの下部枕木の上に重合された下部枕木と同じ材質の上部枕木とからなる枕木本体と、下部枕木と上部枕木との間に、該下部枕木の表面に予め設けられている溝の中に挿入されて、該下部枕木に取り付けられるようにして設けられた、ニクロム線より比電気伝導度の大きい金属繊維と有機繊維とを撚った撚り糸の電気発熱体とからなることを特徴とする融雪用枕木。Between the lower sleeper body consisting of a lower sleeper made of thermosetting resin foam reinforced with long glass fibers and an upper sleeper of the same material as the lower sleeper polymerized on this lower sleeper, and between the lower sleeper and the upper sleeper Twisting metal fibers and organic fibers, which are inserted into grooves provided in advance on the surface of the lower sleeper and are provided so as to be attached to the lower sleeper, having a higher specific electrical conductivity than the nichrome wire. A sleeper for melting snow, comprising an electric heating element made of twisted yarn. 請求項1記載の融雪用枕木であって、前記下部枕木の溝が、長手方向に2往復設けられていることを特徴とする融雪用枕木。The sleeper for snow melting according to claim 1, wherein the groove of the lower sleeper is provided two reciprocations in a longitudinal direction. 請求項1または2記載の融雪用枕木であって、電気発熱体がレール締結タイプレート取付用螺子釘または犬釘の取付位置を避けて設けられていることを特徴とする融雪用枕木。The snow sleeper according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electric heating element is provided so as to avoid a mounting position of the screw nail or the dog nail for mounting the rail fastening tie plate.
JP28640594A 1994-11-21 1994-11-21 Sleepers for snow melting Expired - Fee Related JP3586299B2 (en)

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JP2009041254A (en) * 2007-08-08 2009-02-26 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd Sleeper

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