JP4800140B2 - Anti-overflow dike mat and dike reinforcement method - Google Patents

Anti-overflow dike mat and dike reinforcement method Download PDF

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JP4800140B2
JP4800140B2 JP2006212927A JP2006212927A JP4800140B2 JP 4800140 B2 JP4800140 B2 JP 4800140B2 JP 2006212927 A JP2006212927 A JP 2006212927A JP 2006212927 A JP2006212927 A JP 2006212927A JP 4800140 B2 JP4800140 B2 JP 4800140B2
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embankment
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鍋嶋靖浩
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Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp
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Description

本発明は、堤防に連続的に敷設する耐越水堤防用マット及びその工法に関する。   The present invention relates to an overwater-resistant embankment mat that is continuously laid on an embankment and a method for the same.

従来、河川の護岸工法としては、図３に示すように、堤防５の堤内側の裏のり面において、堤体土の上に芝草１１を貼った植生護岸とするのが一般的である。   Conventionally, as a river revetment construction method, as shown in FIG. 3, a vegetation revetment in which turf grass 11 is pasted on a dam body soil is generally used on the back slope inside the levee 5.

以上の構造の場合、図４に示すように、大規模な出水で水が堤防５を越水１４すると、裏のり肩１５から土の欠けこみが始まり、裏のり面１０の崩壊が進行することは知られている。即ち、越水１４が始まると、まず堤防５の裏のり肩１５の堤体土１６ａが侵食される。そして、さらに越水が続くと、堤体土１６ｂ、堤体土１６ｃの崩壊が進行し、ついには提防５全体の崩壊に至る。   In the case of the above structure, as shown in FIG. 4, when water overflows the embankment 5 due to large-scale water discharge, soil sag begins from the back shoulder 15 and collapse of the back surface 10 proceeds. Is known. That is, when the water overflow 14 starts, the dam body soil 16a of the back shoulder 15 of the levee 5 is first eroded. And if water overflow continues further, the collapse of the dam body soil 16b and the dam body soil 16c will advance, and it will eventually lead to the collapse of the entire defense 5.

対策としては、堤防５の高さを、いかなる大規模な出水に対しても越水１４以上に設定すれば良いことになるが、現実には用地の問題、技術上の問題、景観上の問題等、様々な問題が発生して不可能なことが多い。従って、実際は、１００年に１回程度の頻度の低い大洪水の越水はやむなしとして、越水１４による上記のような堤防の崩壊を防止するという方向で、堤防強化の工法が試みられている。   As a countermeasure, the height of the embankment 5 should be set to 14 or more for any large-scale flooding, but in reality it is a land problem, technical problem, landscape problem In many cases, various problems occur and are impossible. Therefore, in practice, the embankment strengthening method has been tried in the direction of preventing the collapse of the levee as described above due to the overflow water 14 as an inevitable flooding infrequently flooded once every 100 years. .

そして、堤防強化工法としては、例えば、特許文献１に示すように、防水性シートで堤防全体について表面の数１０ｃｍ内部に埋設する工法が知られている。   As a dike strengthening method, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a method of embedding the entire dike with a waterproof sheet within several tens of centimeters of the surface is known.

この工法は、堤防の景観を保ちつつ、越流水による堤防裏法面の客土の流出が発生しても、提体の芯土の侵食は防水性シートで保護されるという考え方であるが、万が一提体内に水が浸透した場合、提体から水が排出されることがないため、内部の水圧、気圧が上昇し、危険な状態となる可能性がある。   This construction method is based on the concept that the erosion of the core soil of the levee is protected by the waterproof sheet even if the outflow of the backside of the levee occurs due to overflow water while maintaining the landscape of the levee, In the unlikely event that water penetrates into the body, water is not discharged from the body, and the internal water pressure and pressure increase, which may lead to a dangerous state.

この問題を改良した堤防強化工法として、特許文献２に示す工法が知られている。   As an embankment strengthening method that improves this problem, a method shown in Patent Document 2 is known.

図５に示すように、この工法は、半透水性土木シート１７にて堤防５全体を掩覆し、越水１３により客土を喪失しても提体の芯土から逆に水分を吸出すことにより芯土の侵食を防ぎ、堤防全体の決壊を防御するものである。   As shown in FIG. 5, in this construction method, the entire levee 5 is covered with a semi-permeable civil engineering sheet 17, and water is sucked out from the core soil of the laying body even if the soil is lost due to overflowing water 13. This prevents the core soil from eroding and prevents the entire levee from breaking.

しかしながら、このシートを用いて堤防全体を被覆し、更にその上を土砂で被覆する場合、平常時には被覆土９とシートの摩擦抵抗は大であるが、越水時には摩擦抵抗が低下して水流により被覆土が流失する。   However, when the entire dike is covered with this sheet and further covered with earth and sand, the frictional resistance between the covering soil 9 and the sheet is large in normal times, but the frictional resistance is reduced when the water overflows and the water flow causes The covering soil is washed away.

実公昭５０−４５８８５号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 50-45885 特許第３３１８６１９号公報Japanese Patent No. 3318619

本発明は、前記した被覆土の流失に対して、これを抑えた耐越水堤防用マット及び堤防補強工法を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide an overwater-proof embankment mat and an embankment reinforcement method that suppresses the above-described loss of coated soil.

本発明は上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、被覆土と植物の根の活着を良くするシート状三次元網目構造体を用いた耐越水堤防用マットを開発提供した。そして、この耐越水堤防用マットを堤防の提内側に連続的に敷設し、堤体内の空気と浸透水を堤体外部に排出し、堤防侵食を防止すると共に、シート状三次元網目構造体により植物が元来持っている耐侵食力を補強し、越水による被覆土流失が防げることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。   As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has developed and provided a mat for overtopping levees using a sheet-like three-dimensional network structure that improves the survival of the covering soil and plant roots. And this erosion-proof levee mat is continuously laid on the inside of the levee, and the air and permeate in the levee body are discharged to the outside of the levee body to prevent the levee erosion, and the sheet-like three-dimensional network structure As a result, the erosion resistance inherent to the plant was reinforced, and it was found that the covering soil was lost due to overflowing water, and the present invention was completed.

すなわち、本発明は、排水機能を有する２層の長繊維不織布の間に、合成樹脂製の防水透湿シートを介在させ、ニードルパンチ加工することによって一体化されてなる基材の片面に、シート状三次元網目構造体を有することを特徴とする耐越水堤防用マットを提供する。   That is, the present invention provides a sheet on one side of a base material formed by interposing a waterproof / breathable sheet made of synthetic resin between two layers of long-fiber nonwoven fabric having a drainage function and performing needle punching. Provided is a mat for overtopping water embankment characterized by having a three-dimensional network structure.

本発明は、堤防の堤内側において、上記本発明の耐越水堤防用マットの前記長繊維不織布側と裏のりを対向させて、前記耐越水堤防用マットを連続的に敷設したのち、前記耐越水堤防用マットを土砂で被覆し、植生工を施すことを特徴とする堤防補強工法を提供する。   The present invention, on the inside of the dike, after continuously laying the overtopping water embankment mat with the long fiber nonwoven fabric side of the overtopping water embankment mat of the present invention facing the back side, An embankment reinforcement method is provided, characterized in that a mat for overtopping water levees is covered with earth and sand and vegetation is applied.

本発明によれば、透湿性により空気の移動が自由であり、適度な透水性と排水機能により浸透水が堤体外部に排出される。このことにより、堤体の内圧、水圧は上昇せず、堤防崩壊の危険が減少すると共に、越水による表層土砂の流失を抑え、掃流力を低減する。   According to the present invention, the movement of air is free due to moisture permeability, and the permeated water is discharged to the outside of the dam body by appropriate water permeability and drainage function. As a result, the internal pressure and water pressure of the levee body do not increase, the risk of levee collapse is reduced, and the surface sediment is prevented from being lost due to overflow, and the scavenging force is reduced.

本発明を図１及び図２に基づいて詳細に説明する。尚、図１は、本発明の耐越水堤防用マットの一構成例を示す断面図であり、図２は、本発明の堤防補強工法が施された堤防の断面図である。   The present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the mat for overtopping embankment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the dike subjected to the embankment reinforcement method of the present invention.

図１に示すように、本発明の耐越水堤防用マット１は、排水機能を有する２層の長繊維不織布３ａ、３ｂの間に、合成樹脂製の防水透湿シートを介在させて、全体をニードルパンチ加工して一体化させてなる基材６を有する。   As shown in FIG. 1, the overtopping embankment mat 1 of the present invention has a waterproof and moisture-permeable sheet made of synthetic resin interposed between two layers of long-fiber nonwoven fabrics 3 a and 3 b having a drainage function. Has a base material 6 formed by integrating needle punching.

ニードルパンチ加工により、１０-8ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ程度の透水係数を有する防水透湿シートが、堤体土の透水係数である１０-5ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ程度の透水係数を持った透水透湿シート４となり、本来の空気は通るが水は通さない機能が、空気も水もある程度通すシートとなる。 The waterproof and moisture permeable sheet having a water permeability of about 10 −8 cm / sec becomes a water and water permeable sheet 4 having a water permeability of about 10 −5 cm / sec, which is the water permeability of the dam body by needle punching. The sheet that allows air and water to pass through to some extent, has the function of passing natural air but not water.

防水透湿シートは、水の下層への浸透を抑え、下層部からの気体を自然排出するものであり、透水係数としては１０-7×１０-9ｃｍ／ｓｅｃが好ましく、より好適なのは８×１０-8〜８×１０-9である。また、透気度としては３０〜４００ｓｅｃ／１００ｃｃが好ましく、より好適なのは４０〜１００ｓｅｃ／１００ｃｃである。 The waterproof and moisture permeable sheet suppresses the penetration of water into the lower layer and naturally discharges the gas from the lower layer. The water permeability coefficient is preferably 10 −7 × 10 −9 cm / sec, and more preferably 8 ×. 10 −8 to 8 × 10 −9 . The air permeability is preferably 30 to 400 sec / 100 cc, more preferably 40 to 100 sec / 100 cc.

透水透湿シート４（ニードルパンチ後の防水透湿シート）の透水係数としては１０-6〜１０-4ｃｍ／ｓｅｃであることが好ましく、より好適なのは５×１０-6〜５×１０-5である。また、透気度としては１〜５０ｓｅｃ／１００ｃｃが好ましく、より好適なのは５〜３０ｓｅｃ／１００ｃｃである。 The water permeability coefficient of the water vapor permeable sheet 4 (waterproof moisture permeable sheet after needle punching) is preferably 10 −6 to 10 −4 cm / sec, and more preferably 5 × 10 −6 to 5 × 10 −5. It is. The air permeability is preferably 1 to 50 sec / 100 cc, more preferably 5 to 30 sec / 100 cc.

これにより、遮水シートを用いた従来工法では成しえなかった堤体内の空気と浸透水を堤外へ排出することが可能となる。   Thereby, it becomes possible to discharge the air in the levee body and the permeated water to the outside of the levee, which could not be achieved by the conventional method using the water shielding sheet.

排水・通水性能を有する長繊維不織布３ａ、３ｂは、目付量として６５〜８００ｇ／ｍ2のものが好ましく、より好適なのは２００〜３００ｇ／ｍ2である。又、長繊維不織布３ａ、３ｂの強度としては、８ｋＮ／ｍ以上のものが好ましく用いられる。 The long-fiber nonwoven fabrics 3a and 3b having drainage / water-passing performance are preferably 65 to 800 g / m 2 in weight per unit area, more preferably 200 to 300 g / m 2 . Further, the strength of the long fiber nonwoven fabrics 3a and 3b is preferably 8 kN / m or more.

ここで、長繊維不織布３ａ、３ｂとしては、ポリオレフィン、ポリエステル等の合成樹脂を、スパンボンド、メルトブロー、フラッシュ紡糸、ケミカルボンド、サーマルボンド、ニードルパンチ等の方法、好ましくはニードルパンチにより、製造したものが用いられる。   Here, as the long-fiber nonwoven fabrics 3a and 3b, synthetic resins such as polyolefin and polyester are produced by a method such as spunbond, melt blow, flash spinning, chemical bond, thermal bond, needle punch, preferably needle punch. Is used.

このような長繊維不織布３ａ、３ｂは、長繊維を連続的な積層構造として生産されるため、高強度で耐久性にも優れており、越水が発生した場合に堤防表面にかかる水流方向の力によるシートの破断を防ぐために有効である。   Since such long fiber nonwoven fabrics 3a and 3b are produced as a continuous laminated structure of long fibers, they have high strength and excellent durability, and in the direction of water flow applied to the surface of the levee when overflow occurs. This is effective in preventing the sheet from being broken by force.

更に、長繊維不織布３ａ、３ｂは、サンドマットと同程度の排水性能を持つので、透水透湿シート４を通して速やかに堤体土内の浸透水と空気を堤体外部へ排出する。   Furthermore, since the long fiber nonwoven fabrics 3a and 3b have drainage performance similar to that of a sand mat, the permeated water and air in the dam body soil are quickly discharged to the outside of the dam body through the water-permeable and moisture-permeable sheet 4.

そして、長繊維不織布３ａ、３ｂと防水透湿シートが一体化したことによって形成された基材６のいずれか片面にシート状三次元網目構造体２を取付け、基材６とシート状三次元網目構造体２を一体化して本発明の耐越水堤防用マットが形成される。   And the sheet-like three-dimensional network structure 2 is attached to any one side of the base material 6 formed by integrating the long-fiber nonwoven fabrics 3a and 3b and the waterproof and moisture-permeable sheet, and the base material 6 and the sheet-like three-dimensional network are attached. The structure 2 is integrated to form the overwater embankment mat of the present invention.

このシート状三次元網目構造体２とは、表面及び内部に連続する空隙を有するシート状の三次元構造体を意味し、越流が発生した場合の耐水流性、耐久性の面から、合成繊維の三次元構造体、高強度発泡体等が好ましく、より好適なのは合成繊維モノフィラメントの立体網状物である。   This sheet-like three-dimensional network structure 2 means a sheet-like three-dimensional structure having voids continuous on the surface and inside, and is synthesized from the viewpoint of water resistance and durability when overflow occurs. A three-dimensional structure of fibers, a high-strength foam, and the like are preferable, and a three-dimensional network of synthetic fiber monofilaments is more preferable.

シート状三次元網目構造体２の空隙率は、９０％以上９８％以下のものが好ましく、より好適なのは９４％以上９７％以下のものである。   The porosity of the sheet-like three-dimensional network structure 2 is preferably 90% or more and 98% or less, and more preferably 94% or more and 97% or less.

シート状三次元網目構造体２の厚みは１０ｍｍ〜４０ｍｍの範囲のものが好ましく、より好適なのは１０〜２０ｍｍの範囲のものである。   The thickness of the sheet-like three-dimensional network structure 2 is preferably in the range of 10 mm to 40 mm, and more preferably in the range of 10 to 20 mm.

シート状三次元網目構造体２の基材６への、取付け方法としては、熱溶着や接着剤、ロープ結束等があるが、より好適なのは熱溶着である。   As a method for attaching the sheet-like three-dimensional network structure 2 to the base material 6, there are thermal welding, an adhesive, rope binding, and the like, but thermal welding is more preferable.

シート状三次元網目構造体２により、被覆土の活着を良くすると共に、植物の根との活着が良くなり、植物が元来持っている耐侵食力を補強し、被覆土の流出を防止する本発明において重要な作用効果を奏する性質が付与される。   The sheet-like three-dimensional network structure 2 improves the survival of the covered soil, improves the survival with the roots of the plant, reinforces the erosion resistance inherent in the plant, and prevents the covered soil from flowing out. In the present invention, a property having an important effect is provided.

次に、本発明の堤防補強工法を図２に基づいて説明する。   Next, the dike reinforcement method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

まず、堤防５の提内側の裏のり面１０を整地した後、本発明の耐越水堤防用マット１を連続的に敷設する。この時、耐越水堤防用マット１の長繊維不織布側を裏のり面１０と対向して敷設する。   First, after leveling the back surface 10 on the inner side of the levee 5, the overwater levee mat 1 of the present invention is continuously laid. At this time, the long-fiber non-woven fabric side of the overwater-proof embankment mat 1 is laid opposite to the back surface 10.

次いで、表出している耐越水堤防用マット１のシート状三次元網目構造体側に、被覆土９をかけ、耐越水堤防用マット１を被覆し、その後、芝草１１を植え、植物を植生させる。植物が繁茂することにより、堤防が緑化して、自然の景観と調和させることができる。また土砂内部に植物が根を張って、耐越水堤防用マット１に絡み合うことにより土砂の流出を防止できる。   Next, the covering soil 9 is applied to the sheet-like three-dimensional network structure side of the exposed erosion-proof embankment mat 1 to cover the erosion-proof embankment mat 1, and then turf grass 11 is planted, and the plant is vegetated. Let As the plants thrive, the embankment will turn green and harmonize with the natural landscape. Moreover, the plant can be rooted inside the earth and sand, and the sand can be prevented from flowing out by being entangled with the overtopping-water embankment mat 1.

以下、本発明の実施例を説明する。   Examples of the present invention will be described below.

＜実施例＞
図１の耐越水堤防用マット１を形成した。 <Example>
The overwater-proof embankment mat 1 of FIG. 1 was formed.

長繊維不織布３ａ、３ｂとしては目付量が２００ｇ／ｍ2、強度８ｋＮ／ｍのスパンボンド長繊維不織布（旭化成ジオテック製 ポシブルＡＫ２００）を用いた。 As the long fiber nonwoven fabrics 3a and 3b, a spunbond long fiber nonwoven fabric (Posible AK200 manufactured by Asahi Kasei Geotech) having a basis weight of 200 g / m 2 and a strength of 8 kN / m was used.

防水透湿シートとしては、厚さの０．９ｍｍ、透水係数９×１０-8ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ、透気度８０ｓｅｃ／１００ｃｃのポリプロピレン不織布とポリエチレン不織布の積層体（旭化成ジオテック製 ＡＤＫシート）を用いた。 As the waterproof and moisture permeable sheet, a laminate of polypropylene nonwoven fabric and polyethylene nonwoven fabric (ADK sheet manufactured by Asahi Kasei Geotech) having a thickness of 0.9 mm, a water permeability of 9 × 10 −8 cm / sec, and an air permeability of 80 sec / 100 cc was used. .

シート状三次元網目構造体２としては、厚さ１０ｍｍ、空隙率９６％のポリエチレンポリプロピレン複合モノフィラメント立体網状物を用いた。   As the sheet-like three-dimensional network structure 2, a polyethylene polypropylene composite monofilament three-dimensional network having a thickness of 10 mm and a porosity of 96% was used.

まず、長繊維不織布３ａ、３ｂの間に防水透湿シートを介在させ、ニードルパンチ加工し、長繊維不織布３ａ、３ｂと防水透湿シートを一体化させ基材６を形成した。尚、ニードルパンチ後の透水係数は５×１０-5ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ、透気度は１０ｓｅｃ／１００ｃｃであった。 First, a waterproof and moisture permeable sheet was interposed between the long fiber nonwoven fabrics 3a and 3b, needle punched, and the long fiber nonwoven fabrics 3a and 3b and the waterproof and moisture permeable sheet were integrated to form a substrate 6. The water permeability after needle punching was 5 × 10 −5 cm / sec, and the air permeability was 10 sec / 100 cc.

そして、熱溶着により、基材６の片面に長繊維不織布３ａ、３ｂに取り付け一体化し、本発明の耐越水堤防用マット１を形成した。   And it attached to the long-fiber nonwoven fabrics 3a and 3b on one side of the base material 6 by heat welding, and integrated, and the mat 1 for overtopping embankments of the present invention was formed.

耐越水堤防用マット１を用いて、傾きが約１８°（１：３．０）で高さが５ｍ、幅４ｍの斜面の全体を覆い、耐越水堤防用マットの上に被覆土を約２０ｃｍの厚さで盛り、張芝を施工し、約１ヶ月間芝を生育させた。   Covering the entire slope with an inclination of about 18 ° (1: 3.0), a height of 5m, and a width of 4m, using the overtopping-water embankment mat 1 The turf was built with a thickness of about 20 cm, and the turf was grown for about 1 month.

この状態で水中ポンプにて斜面天端から３時間連続放水し続け、越水が発生した状況を再現した。   In this state, the water was continuously discharged from the top of the slope with a submersible pump for 3 hours, and the situation where water overflow occurred was reproduced.

その結果、芝、被覆土とも流出は殆ど起こらなかった。   As a result, almost no runoff occurred on the turf or the covered soil.

＜比較例＞
シート状三次元網目構造体２を省いたマットを用いて実施例と同様の実験を繰り返した。 <Comparative example>
An experiment similar to the example was repeated using a mat from which the sheet-like three-dimensional network structure 2 was omitted.

その結果、放水を開始して約３０分後に被覆土が流出する箇所が出現した。   As a result, a location where the covering soil flowed out appeared about 30 minutes after the start of water discharge.

本発明の耐越水堤防用マットの一構成例を表す断面図である。It is sectional drawing showing the example of 1 structure of the mat for overtopping water embankment of this invention. 本発明の耐越水堤防用マットを堤防に埋設した本発明の堤防補強工法の縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the embankment reinforcement construction method of the present invention in which the mat for overtopping embankment of the present invention is embedded in the embankment. 従来の堤防の縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the conventional embankment. 従来の堤防の崩壊メカニズム図である。It is a collapse mechanism figure of the conventional embankment. 半透水性土木シートを埋設した堤防の縦断図面である。It is a longitudinal drawing of the embankment which embedded the semi-permeable civil engineering sheet.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 耐越水堤防用マット
２ シート状三次元網目構造体
３ａ 長繊維不織布
３ｂ 長繊維不織布
４ 透水透湿シート
５ 堤防
６ 基材
９ 被覆土
１０ 裏のり面
１１ 芝草
１４ 越水
１５ 裏のり肩
１６ａ 堤体土
１６ｂ 堤体土
１６ｃ 堤体土
１７ 半透水性土木シート DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mat | seat for water-resistant embankment 2 Sheet-like three-dimensional network structure 3a Long-fiber nonwoven fabric 3b Long-fiber nonwoven fabric 4 Permeable moisture-permeable sheet 5 Embankment 6 Base material 9 Covering soil 10 Back surface 11 Turf grass 14 Overwater 15 Back shoulder 16a Bank body soil 16b Bank body soil 16c Bank body soil 17 Semi-permeable civil engineering sheet

Claims (2)

排水機能を有する２層の長繊維不織布の間に、合成樹脂製の防水透湿シートを介在させ、ニードルパンチ加工することによって一体化されてなる基材の片面に、シート状三次元網目構造体を有することを特徴とする耐越水堤防用マット。   A sheet-like three-dimensional network structure is formed on one side of a base material formed by interposing a waterproof / moisture permeable sheet made of synthetic resin between two layers of long-fiber nonwoven fabric having a drainage function and performing needle punching. A mat for erosion-proof embankment characterized by having. 堤防の堤内側において、請求項１に記載の耐越水堤防用マットの前記長繊維不織布側と裏のりを対向させて、前記耐越水堤防用マットを連続的に敷設したのち、前記耐越水堤防用マットを土砂で被覆し、植生工を施すことを特徴とする堤防補強工法。   The levee-proof embankment mat is continuously laid on the inner side of the levee so that the non-woven fabric side of the erosion-proof embankment mat according to claim 1 is opposed to the non-woven fabric side, and the back-resisting mat is continuously laid. A dike reinforcement method, characterized in that the water dike mat is covered with earth and sand and vegetation is applied.
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