JP4796143B2 - Reinforced body made of fiber reinforced plastic - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a reinforcing body (1) for buildings, in particular for buildings made of concrete, said reinforcing body comprising a plurality of reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) which are connected together by connecting agents (5) at connecting points (4) and which are made of fiber-reinforced plastic, said connecting agents (5) comprising connection fibers (6) which are embedded in a plastic matrix (7) and which are wound several times about the reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) at the connecting points (4).

Description

  The present invention relates to a reinforcing body for a structure according to the preamble of claim 1, preferably concrete, or other hydraulic material that may be mixed with other materials, for example ground material Reinforcing body for structures made of. The reinforcing body comprises a plurality of reinforcing bars, each made of fiber reinforced plastic and connected to each other at a connection point by a connecting agent. The individual reinforcing bars can be any length and any cross-sectional shape, and can have any shape end portion. The reinforcing bar preferably has a round, in particular at least approximately circular cross section, and an axial length that is at least substantially straight.

  The use of reinforcing bodies is known. The reinforcing body is used to increase the mechanical strength, in particular to increase the tensile strength of the concrete structure. Concrete is a major component of many structures such as buildings and bridges. However, in order to withstand the stresses that occur during use, it is essential that the reinforcement struts, in particular the reinforcement struts that transmit tension, are embedded as reinforcement in the concrete. It has been demonstrated over the years that steel reinforcement bars and reinforcement bodies provide adequate reinforcement of concrete buildings.

  However, steel reinforcements can corrode in situations where the conditions of use are particularly harsh, especially in humid or chemically corrosive environments. Corrosion of the steel reinforcement causes a decrease in adhesion and / or degradation of the substrate between the steel and the concrete, which results in cracking and flaking of the concrete. This not only contributes to the unsightly appearance of the affected building, but also the corrosion of the steel reinforcement, especially the weakening of the structure and eventually the final structure collapse. Can therefore cause a great risk. High repair and repair costs are required to avoid any further hazards due to structural damage due to corrosion.

  Reinforcement with non-corrosive or anti-corrosion reinforced struts, for example reinforced struts or reinforced bodies made of galvanized, epoxy-coated or stainless steel, prevents corrosion-related problems Known as a means. However, such a reinforcing body can only be used to a limited extent in certain environmental conditions, for example environmental conditions in which chlorine is present in high concentrations. In addition to this, such a reinforced body has a very high cost, which has heretofore prevented any widespread use.

In addition, there are harmful effects on the environment. The above-mentioned reinforcement body protected from corrosion is excessively costly, so that the steel reinforcement struts can be sufficiently covered and thus to prevent corrosion of the steel reinforcement struts. Is recommended to be attached to conventional steel reinforcements with a thickness of 75 mm to 120 mm. Non-renewable natural resources are heavily stressed due to the large amount of concrete used. In addition, an unnecessarily large amount of CO ₂ is released to increase cement production.

  For this reason, the use of a reinforced body made of fiber reinforced plastic, also internationally called "FRP rebars" ("FRP" is an abbreviation for "fiber reinforced plastic") Have been proposed as an alternative to corrosive steel reinforcements. This FRP reinforced body is durable against corrosion and is relatively inexpensive, so that the above-mentioned problems with corrosion can be solved permanently and effectively at low cost.

  Fiber reinforced plastics combine plastics with fibers made of different materials in order to obtain synergies and properties that are improved in the desired direction, and in particular to obtain mechanically improved properties. It is a composite fiber material. The fibers used are, for example, glass fibers, which are preferably embedded in plastic with a “unidirectional” fiber array in the longitudinal direction of the bar profile. Thus, a plurality of fibers that are aligned parallel to each other and can have a diameter of, for example, 10 μm to 30 μm are surrounded by a matrix of plastic resin. The fibers give the composite material high strength in the machine direction, while the resin matrix serves to fix the fibers in place and at the same time protect the fibers from harmful effects.

  In addition to the individual reinforcing bars, reinforcing bodies of the kind mentioned at the outset, which are made in particular of fiber-reinforced plastic, are also known. The connecting means used to connect the individual reinforcing bodies to one another is often a wire, in particular a conventional binding wire, whereas such a wire is prone to corrosion and the above-mentioned problems May occur. In addition, these wire connections are only a form of temporary fixation during transport and assembly, while after the concrete has hardened, the tensile and shear forces of the concrete body increase. It is impossible to make a significant contribution to Such a reinforcing body with reinforcing bars is known, for example, from document WO 01/26974 A2.

  Plastic cable ties known in the field of electrical equipment are also used to connect the individual reinforcing bars. However, as with the use of wires, this means provides only extremely limited strength, and the individual reinforcing bars are still always relatively easy to move relative to each other. These connecting means also only result in a reinforced body that does not optimally increase the load bearing capacity of the concrete body.

  It is also known to mesh together a single reinforcing bar made of fiber reinforced plastic, but this involves significant production complexity and correspondingly high costs. In the case of meshing, it is also necessary to deform at least the individual reinforcing bars, so that this type of connection is not possible in the case of fully cured reinforcing bars.

  Flat grid fibers of the type mentioned at the beginning which can also be used as reinforcing bodies are known from the document EP 0 387 968 A1 and the associated German document DE 690 02 071 T2, in which these documents: The connecting means includes warp yarns woven as connecting fibers in a plastic matrix. However, connective fibers in the form of leno weave fibers with a very small weft bending index of up to 0.03 can be bent to a very small degree, resulting in this The connecting fibers extend in a generally straight line that is substantially parallel to the reinforcing bar, and, at the connecting point, to a reinforcing bar that extends in a transverse direction, on a very limited peripheral portion only from one side. Contact. Consequently, this type of weaving or interlocking can only be achieved with a reinforced body that has a relatively low strength and is unable to achieve optimal support for concrete buildings.

  The object of the present invention is therefore a simple design in which the individual reinforcing bars are connected together in a simple and efficient manner so that very high strength is obtained while at the same time enabling low-cost production. It is to provide a reinforcing body of the type described in.

  This object is achieved according to the invention by means of a reinforcing body according to claim 1. Advantageous configurations and developments of the invention are derived from the dependent patent claims.

  An important aspect of the solution of the present invention is that the connecting fibers embedded in the plastic matrix are wound several times around the reinforcing bar at the connecting point.

  The main advantage is that it is surprisingly simple and provides high strength, in particular the non-moving and position-stable interconnection of the individual reinforcing bars, which requires relatively little production effort. It can be realized and thus can be realized at low cost. The reinforcing bars are connected to each other in a particularly strong manner at the connection point by multiple windings and subsequent curing, and therefore the optimum mechanical stability of the concrete structure provided with the reinforcing body. A high-strength reinforcing body that ensures increase is obtained. A very high connection force is achieved at each individual connection point.

  Complex meshing or weaving of individual reinforcing bars is not necessary for this purpose, so the reinforcing bars need not be deformed, and even fully cured reinforcing bars are relatively It can be easily and quickly connected to each other.

  By embedding connecting fibers in the plastic matrix, the reinforcing bars are connected to each other significantly more strongly than is possible when using cable ties or wires. The connecting means used in accordance with the present invention is formed by a reinforced plastic as the connecting means, which can be of any kind, of any length, of any diameter and of any construction. It is possible to include connecting fibers.

  In this case, non-corrosive connection means are used, so that it is possible to reliably prevent the peeling of concrete due to corrosion and the cracking, damage and destruction of concrete buildings, while the reinforcing body The overall weight is very small. This results in significant savings with respect to maintenance work and repair work. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the pressure on natural resources in this way, which means that the concrete is in a much thinner form and in a significantly smaller volume than the structure comprising the reinforcement of the invention. It is because it is made to adhere.

  It is particularly advantageous with respect to the reinforcing body according to the invention that the connecting fibers are wound around each connecting point in different directions and / or in different directions. It is preferred that the connecting fibers are wrapped around the intersection at a cross-shaped connecting point at a 45 ° angle to the left and a 45 ° angle to the right. This makes it possible to obtain a particularly stable connection.

  In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the connecting fibers intersects at a connecting point at one or two points on one or both reinforcing bars, respectively. This type of wrapping can further increase the strength of the connection. However, it is likewise possible to wrap the connecting fibers around the reinforcing rods at the connecting point so that the winding around the two reinforcing rods takes place in a U-shape without making a cross.

Furthermore, when tensile or compressive stress acts transversely to the longitudinal axis of the first reinforcing bar in the longitudinal direction of the second reinforcing bar, the equation S> 0.3 ^* A _S for a single connection point ^* satisfying coupling force so S is obtained of R _B, the connecting fibers is wound around the reinforcing bars is particularly advantageous, a _S before wherein the cross-sectional area of the second reinforcing rod There, R _B is acceptable working stress of the second reinforcing rod. In this way, particularly when the connecting portion is realized by using the glass for fabric as the connecting fiber and the epoxy resin as the matrix resin, the connecting force of up to 5000 N is simple in the case of a reinforcing rod having a diameter of 6 mm. It can be obtained at one connection point. Such a high strength further highly compresses the connection between the reinforcing bars and thus meets the same requirements as welding reinforcing bodies made of steel together.

  It is particularly advantageous with respect to the reinforcing body according to the invention that the connecting fibers comprise glass fibers and / or aramid fibers and / or carbon fibers.

  However, it is also possible to use other fibers, for example silicon carbide fibers or boron fibers. It is preferred that the connecting fibers contain only the same type of fiber.

  Furthermore, it is also preferred that the connecting fiber at the connecting point and / or the plastic in the plastic matrix is made of the same material as the connecting fiber or plastic in the reinforcing bar. Thereby, the production effort can be kept particularly low.

  In order to achieve an optimal retention of the reinforcing body within the surrounding material, the reinforcing bar preferably has an outer surface profiling that can be embodied in the form of a rib or screw profile or thread. It is advantageous. However, in order to increase the coupling force and to improve embedding, in the form of an outer coating, it is also possible to realize a non-uniform profile processing such as a surface roughened by sand grains embedded in the resin. Is possible.

  Preferably, it is proposed that the reinforcing bars are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to each other. In this way, the connecting means can be mounted in a particularly simple manner. However, the reinforcing bars can be arranged in any other orientation and / or at different angles.

  In one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing bars are arranged at least substantially two-dimensionally in the form of a mat. In particular, it is preferred that the individual reinforcing bars can overlap each other in two planes and thus form a right angle grid. The reinforcing body of the present invention can be particularly suitably arranged in a desired size as a reinforcing mat in a flat building element such as a ceiling or a wall. It is possible for all the reinforcing bars to extend linearly, and in this case the first group of reinforcing bars extends in the first plane and the second group of reinforcing bars has its first It is particularly advantageous in this case to extend in a second plane extending parallel to the plane. The deformation of the individual reinforcing bars is not necessary in this case, so that even fully cured reinforcing bars can be connected to one another in a particularly simple and quick manner and with the desired high strength It is.

  In another embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing bars may further form a three-dimensional reinforcing body, in particular a reinforcing cage, a reinforcing pile, or a grid with three or four ribs. Is possible. It is also possible to provide further reinforcing bars which extend at a certain angle with respect to the reinforcing bars which are preferably arranged at right angles.

  A particularly versatile arrangement possibility of the reinforcing body according to the invention can be realized by curving at least individual reinforcing bars in part or all of the reinforcing bars. The curved part is formed very thin or with a very small bending radius so that the curved reinforcing bar is bent at a certain angle in a part of the reinforcing bar. Is possible.

  For this purpose, the plurality of reinforcing bars are preferably bent to form a circle, and preferably to form a tubular reinforcing body that can be used, for example, as a pile reinforcement. Preferably, the plurality of reinforcing bars are formed such that they are connected at the inside and / or outside to the plurality of reinforcing bars that are disposed at right angles to and extend at least generally linearly. Proposed. However, it is likewise possible to form reinforcing bars that extend in a curved shape on the inside and / or outside, so that a tubular reinforcing body with a curved profile is obtained, for example, in the form of a curved lattice.

  As an alternative, a plurality of reinforcing rods are bent at a certain angle only in a part thereof, and are preferably formed in a rectangular (particularly square) shape and form a cubic reinforcing body. It is proposed to be arranged at right angles to the plurality of reinforcing bars and to be connected on the inside and / or outside to the plurality of reinforcing bars extending at least approximately linearly. Similarly, it is also possible to form reinforcing bars extending in a curved shape on the inside and / or outside so as to obtain a reinforcing body with a generally curved profile, in particular in the form of a curved grid.

  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the plastic matrix is pre-manufactured in the factory so that it is fully cured with the connecting fibers embedded therein. The reinforcing body of the present invention arrives at the construction site in a completely rigid state and is integrated into the structure or concrete at the construction site. The connection between the reinforcing bars is preferably formed mechanically using a pliers-type device, and this pliers-type device is preferably arranged in a common production area and corresponds to this. The lever-type pliers device produces a number of connected windings of the reinforcing body or preferably all of the connected windings simultaneously.

  In another embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing body can be formed as a prepreg, and a plastic matrix comprising connecting fibers embedded therein is connected to a certain degree of mobility. The plastic matrix can be precured to a certain degree to be realized in point and the plastic matrix can be fully cured later by applying heat. The use of prepreg materials is known per se. The great advantage is that the reinforced body can be used in a particularly flexible manner and can be shaped to the in-situ requirements at the construction site, and then short It can be finally fixed by heating for hours.

  Further advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

  The reinforcing body 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of four individual reinforcing bars 2a, 2b, each of which extends in a straight line and is arranged at right angles to each other in a double cross shape. The two reinforcing bars 2a are positioned parallel to each other in the first plane 3a, and the two other reinforcing bars 2b are likewise parallel to each other in the second plane 3b on the reinforcing bar 2a. Has been placed. Of course, the reinforcing body 1 can also comprise a significantly larger number of reinforcing bars 2a, 2b, as in FIG. 3, so that in this case FIG. Only a part of the entire body 1 is shown.

  Reinforcing bars 2a, 2b, which are embodied as so-called FRP reinforcing bars, are each made of fiber reinforced plastic, in which glass fibers are embedded in a polyester resin matrix at a rate of about 65% to about 85%. ing. However, it is possible for aramid fibers or carbon fibers to be embedded in a matrix of epoxy resin or vinyl ester resin as well. The embedded reinforcing bars 2a, 2b having a substantially circular cross section are all the same length, and in this case are all the same diameter. The diameter is preferably in the range of 5 mm to 25 mm, but can be larger. In order to obtain a particularly high adhesive strength in the surrounding concrete, the surfaces of the reinforcing bars 2a, 2b are lightly profiled with a thread structure. However, depending on the particular application of the reinforcing body to be produced, the reinforcing bars 2a, 2b can also have different diameters and / or different lengths and shapes.

  The four connecting rods 2 a and 2 b are connected to each other in pairs at the four connecting points 4 by the connecting means 5. According to the invention, each of the connecting means 5 comprises a connecting fiber 6, which is embedded in a plastic matrix 7 and wound several times around the reinforcing bars 2a, 2b. Resin 7 is pre-attached to the fiber material 6 so that the fiber 6 is wrapped and attached in a “wet” state. In the connecting means 5 made of fiber-reinforced plastic, glass fibers 6 are surrounded by a matrix 7 of polyester resin. In particular, the connecting means 5 can also cause a material fit after the resin 7 is completely cured.

  In this case, the connecting fiber 6 is wound around the reinforcing rod 2b at an angle of + 45 ° and −45 ° diagonally to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing rod 2b. In the reinforcing bar 2a, the connecting fiber 6 is guided so that the connecting fiber 6 intersects both the front and rear of the reinforcing bar 2a (with reference to the plane of the drawing shown in FIG. 2). By this kind of winding of the connecting fibers 6 in different directions around the connecting point 4, a particularly strong connection of the reinforcing bars 2a, 2b is obtained after the resin matrix 7 has been cured, and Therefore, a highly stable reinforcing body 1 can be obtained.

  The reinforcing bodies 10 shown in FIG. 3 and also having a substantially two-dimensional structure are arranged at right angles to each other as reinforcing mats in the form of a lattice at a total of 81 connection points 4 and to each other. It consists of 18 reinforcement rods 2a and 2b connected. Also in this case, the reinforcing bar 2a is arranged in the first plane 3a, and the reinforcing bar 2b is arranged in the second plane 3b on the first plane 3a.

  As in the previous embodiment, each of the connecting means 5 of the present invention includes a connecting fiber 6, which is embedded in a plastic matrix 7 and around the reinforcing bars 2a, 2b. It is wound several times. In this way, a high-strength connection between the individual reinforcing bars a, 2b is obtained, which is not affected by corrosion at all and can be used advantageously in a concrete ceiling or concrete wall. A reinforced body 1 that is stable and lightweight is possible. In particular, the reinforcing body 1 can be used on bridges or buildings or in tunnel construction to reinforce concrete construction materials or similar construction materials.

  4 and 5 show reinforcing bodies 11, 12, which have a three-dimensional shape in the form of a tube (FIG. 4) and a cube (FIG. 5), respectively. The reinforcing body 11 shown in FIG. 4 consists of two reinforcing bars 2a bent in a circle, these reinforcing bars 2a extending parallel to each other and of the circular reinforcing bar 2a in the manner of the invention. The six reinforcing bars 2b fixed at right angles to the inner peripheral edge are connected to each other. In contrast, the reinforcing body 12 shown in FIG. 5 consists of two substantially square reinforcing bars 2a which extend parallel to each other and likewise according to the invention. In this manner, the four reinforcing rods 2b fixed at right angles to the inside of the four corners of the rectangular reinforcing rod 2a are connected to each other.

  Similarly in the case of these two reinforcing bodies 11, 12, each of the connecting means 5 is embedded in the plastic matrix 7 and is wound several times around the reinforcing bars 2a, 2b at the respective connecting points 4. The connecting fiber 6 is included. The highly stable reinforcement bodies 11 and 12 that are thus not affected by corrosion at all can be advantageously used as a pile reinforcement.

  Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein. For example, the reinforcing bodies 1, 10, 11, and 12 can vary in the amount and / or shape and / or size and / or orientation of the reinforcing bars. Fibers and / or plastics made of other materials can be used. Similarly, the connecting fibers 6 can be arranged differently. Further, different types of reinforcing bars, in particular reinforcing bars of different sizes and / or shapes, can be connected to one another to form a reinforcing body.

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a first reinforcing body according to the invention. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view along line AA of FIG. FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a modification of the second reinforcing body according to the invention. FIG. 4 shows a three-dimensional view of a third reinforcing body according to the invention. FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensional view of a fourth reinforcing body according to the invention.

Claims (15)

Reinforcing body (1) for a building, in particular for a building made of concrete, said reinforcing body being connected to each other by connecting means (5) at a connecting point (4) and fiber reinforced Reinforcing body (1) comprising a plurality of reinforcing bars (2a, 2b) made of plastic, and said connecting means (5) comprising connecting fibers (6) embedded in a plastic matrix (7) A single connection point when a tensile or compressive stress acts transversely to the longitudinal axis of the first reinforcing bar (2a, 2b) in the longitudinal direction of the second reinforcing bar (2b, 2a) wherein S> 0.3 ^* a _S ^* as satisfying coupling force S of R _B is obtained with respect to (4), the reinforcing rods (2a the connecting fibers (6) in the connection point (4), 2b ) Around several times And A _S represents the cross-sectional area of the second reinforcing bar (2b, 2a), and R _B is the allowable tolerance of the second reinforcing bar (2b, 2a). Reinforcing body characterized by expressing the working stress.   The reinforcing body according to claim 1, wherein the connecting fiber (6) is wound around the connecting point (4) in different directions.   Reinforcement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each of the connecting fibers (6) in the reinforcing bars (2a, 2b) or in both reinforcing bars (2a, 2b) intersects at at least one point. Body.   The reinforcing body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the connecting fibers (6) include glass fibers and / or aramid fibers and / or carbon fibers.   The plastic in the connecting fiber (6) and / or the plastic matrix (7) at the connecting point (4) is made of the same material as the fiber and / or plastic in the reinforcing rod (2a, 2b). The reinforcing body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein   6. The reinforcing bar (2a, 2b) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has an outer profile machining which is specially formed as a threaded profile or preferably in the shape of a thread. Reinforcing body.   Reinforcing body according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing bars (2a, 2b) are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to each other.   The reinforcing body according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the reinforcing bars (2a, 2b) are arranged at least substantially two-dimensionally in the form of mats (1, 10).   All the reinforcing bars (2a, 2b) extend linearly, and the first group of reinforcing bars (2a) extends in the first plane (3a), and the second group of reinforcing bars ( Reinforcing body according to claim 8, characterized in that 2b) extends in a second plane (3b) extending parallel to the first plane (3a).   10. The reinforcing bar (2a, 2b) forms a three-dimensional reinforcing body (11, 12), in particular a reinforcing pile (11) or a reinforcing cage (12). Reinforcement body according to crab.   11. The reinforcing body according to claim 10, wherein at least the individual reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) are curved in part or in whole.   The plurality of reinforcing bars (2a) are formed in a circular shape and are at least inwardly and / or with respect to the plurality of reinforcing bars (2b) extending at least approximately linearly to form a tubular reinforcing body (11). The reinforcing body according to claim 11, wherein the reinforcing body is connected on the outside.   The plurality of reinforcing bars (2a) are bent at a certain angle in at least a part thereof, are formed in a square shape, and are at least approximately straight to form a cubic reinforcing body (12). The reinforcing body according to claim 11, wherein the reinforcing body is connected to a plurality of reinforcing bars (2 b) extending in a shape on the inside and / or outside.   Reinforcement body according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plastic matrix (7) is fully cured with the connecting fibers (6) embedded therein.   The reinforcing body is formed as a prepreg material, and the plastic matrix (7) including the connecting fibers (6) embedded therein has a certain degree of mobility at the connecting point (4). 14. Pre-cured to a certain degree to be realized, and the plastic matrix (7) can be fully cured by applying heat. A reinforcing body according to any one of the above.

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