JP4787352B2 - Pneumatic tire - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire, and more particularly to a tread block shape that improves the ground contact property on a road surface with a low coefficient of friction such as a road surface on ice and snow.

  Some pneumatic tires are provided with blocks defined by grooves provided on the tread surface. Conventionally, proposals have been made regarding the side shape of such blocks.

  For example, in Patent Document 1 below, in order to suppress the lifting from the road surface due to the bending deformation of the block, the wall surface of the plurality of blocks divided by the tread grooves is adjacent to the inner and outer sides in the radial direction and substantially the same as the tread surface. It has been proposed that a plurality of reinforcing ribs extending in parallel are provided and the protruding height of the ribs is 0.5 to 2.0 mm.

  Further, in Patent Document 2 below, it has been proposed to provide a recess on the entire circumference of the block side wall of the tread, thereby reducing only the rigidity in the vicinity of the edge without reducing the rigidity of the entire block. It is disclosed that the ground contact pressure of the block is reduced, so that the overall ground contact pressure of the block is made uniform, and the dry handling stability is improved.

  Further, in Patent Document 3 below, by providing a plurality of small grooves on the groove walls and bottoms of grooves that constitute land portions such as blocks, the resistance of the grooves flowing in the grooves can be reduced, and the wet performance can be improved. Proposed.

JP 2000-158915 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-151912 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-219906

  Since the tire performance depends on the contact property (contact area, contact pressure distribution), Patent Document 1 proposes to improve the contact property by suppressing the lifting of the block from the road surface. That is, in Patent Document 1, although the ground contact area is increased by improving the bending rigidity of the block, it is not always possible to make the ground pressure distribution uniform. In particular, Patent Document 1 does not describe that the reinforcing ribs are continuously provided over the entire circumference of the block wall surface. For this reason, the deformation is such that the block spreads laterally at the time of ground contact (bending toward the outside of the block side surface). It was found that the contactability with respect to the road surface having a low friction coefficient cannot be improved. In addition, when a plurality of reinforcing ribs are provided adjacent to each other as in Patent Document 1 and the block wall surface is formed in a bellows shape, when the block is worn and the top of the reinforcing rib becomes a ground contact surface, It will be in the state where not a convex strip but a plurality of concave grooves were formed. For this reason, even if the reinforcing ribs are continuously provided in the circumferential direction, the ground contact property changes greatly with the progress of wear of the block, and stable tire performance cannot be exhibited.

  In addition, it is known that the friction coefficient of rubber material decreases as the contact pressure increases. In Patent Document 2, the contact pressure is made uniform by reducing the contact pressure in the vicinity of the edge of the block. That is, in Patent Document 2, assuming that the contact pressure on the road surface of the block is uneven such that the contact pressure increases near the edge, a recess is provided on the side wall of the block in order to reduce the contact pressure near the edge. Yes. Such a trend of contact pressure distribution is suitable for road surfaces with a high coefficient of friction such as dry road surfaces, but is not suitable for road surfaces with a low coefficient of friction such as road surfaces on ice and snow. On the other hand, it was found that the ground pressure distribution was impaired on the road surface on ice and snow.

  Furthermore, Patent Document 3 is a technique in which a small small groove is provided in the groove wall in order to reduce the resistance of water flowing in the groove and improve the drainage efficiency of the groove. The improvement effect cannot be obtained.

  In contrast to the above-described prior art, the present invention is designed to make the contact pressure distribution of the block uniform on the road surface with a low friction coefficient such as the road surface on ice and snow, and improve the contact performance, thereby improving the tire performance on the snow and snow. An object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic tire with improved performance.

The pneumatic tire according to the present invention is a pneumatic tire provided with a block defined by grooves provided on a tread surface. The pneumatic tire protrudes from a side surface of the block and continuously extends over the entire circumference of the side surface. In the height direction, one or more are provided independently. Here, providing the plurality of protrusions independently means that the plurality of protrusions are formed to protrude from the block side surface independently of each other, and the plurality of protrusions are provided adjacent to each other at a predetermined pitch. This is to exclude the case where the side surface of the block is formed in a bellows shape.
The invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that at least one of the protrusions is formed in a zigzag shape or a wave shape having an amplitude in the height direction of the block. According to a second aspect of the present invention, at least one of the protrusions is formed such that a protruding height at the center portion of the side surface is larger than a protruding height at both end portions of the side surface in the circumferential direction of the block. It is characterized by that. According to a third aspect of the present invention, the protrusion is composed of two protrusions extending continuously without being divided at each corner of the block, and the two protrusions are in the height direction of the block. a first protrusion provided on the ground plane side than the center of the second ridge Toka Rannahli provided on the groove bottom side than the center in the height direction of the block, the side surface of the second protrusion The protrusion height with respect to is larger than the protrusion height with respect to the side surface of the first protrusion. The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the ridge is provided on the grounding surface side with respect to the height direction center of the block, and on the groove bottom side with respect to the height direction center of the block. The second protrusion is provided with two protrusions, and the protrusion height of the second protrusion with respect to the side surface is greater than the protrusion height of the first protrusion with respect to the side surface. The strip is formed in a straight shape, and the second protrusion is formed in a zigzag shape or a wave shape having an amplitude in the height direction of the block. The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the ridge is provided on the grounding surface side with respect to the center of the block in the height direction, and on the groove bottom side with respect to the height direction center of the block. The second protrusion is provided with two protrusions, and the protrusion height of the second protrusion relative to the side surface is greater than the protrusion height of the first protrusion relative to the side surface. The strip is characterized in that in the circumferential direction of the block, the protruding height at the central portion of the side surface is formed larger than the protruding height at both end portions of the side surface .

  Providing protrusions that are continuous in the circumferential direction on the side surface of the block in this way, it is possible to suppress the deformation of the side surface of the block in the outward direction at the time of ground contact by restraining the protrusion, and the friction coefficient such as the road surface on ice and snow It is possible to make the ground pressure distribution of the block uniform with respect to a low road surface. Therefore, it is possible to improve the ground contact performance of the block with respect to such a low friction resistance road surface and improve tire performance such as performance on ice and snow.

1 is a perspective view showing a block of a pneumatic tire according to Example 1. FIG. It is sectional drawing of the block. It is a plane development view showing an example of a tread pattern of the pneumatic tire. 6 is a perspective view showing a block of a pneumatic tire according to Example 2. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a block of a pneumatic tire according to Example 3. FIG. It is sectional drawing of the block. 6 is a perspective view showing a block of a pneumatic tire according to Example 4. FIG. It is a top view of the block. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a block of a pneumatic tire according to Example 5. It is a side view of the block. It is a perspective view which shows the block of the pneumatic tire which concerns on Example 6. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the block of the pneumatic tire which concerns on Example 7. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the block which concerns on the comparative example 1. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the block which concerns on the comparative example 2. FIG.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Example 1 (however, it is a reference example) )
1 is a perspective view showing a block of a pneumatic tire according to Example 1, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the block, and FIG. 3 is a plan development view showing an example of a tread pattern to which the block is applied. .

  As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of blocks 16 defined by a main groove 12 extending in the tire circumferential direction and a lateral groove 14 extending in the tire width direction intersecting with the main groove 12 are provided in the tread portion 10 of the pneumatic tire. ing. In this example, four main grooves 12 are provided in the tire width direction, and thus, the horizontal grooves 14 are provided at predetermined intervals in all of the five regions partitioned in the tire width direction. However, such a tread pattern is merely an example. In addition, various tread patterns having blocks can be employed. For example, the number of the main grooves 12 is not limited to four and may include a region (that is, a rib) where the lateral grooves 14 are not provided. Further, the lateral groove 14 may not be perpendicular to the main groove 12, and the planar shape of the block 16 may be formed in a parallelogram shape, a triangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, or the like by inclining and intersecting.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, on the side surface 16 </ b> A of the rectangular parallelepiped block 16, a protrusion 18 extending continuously over the entire circumference is provided. The ridges 18 are straight protrusions that protrude from the side surface 16 </ b> A into the grooves 12 and 14 and extend substantially parallel to the ground contact surface (surface) 16 </ b> B of the block 16. However, it is formed continuously without being divided. In this example, only one protrusion 18 is provided in the central portion of the block 16 in the height direction, and more specifically, on the center of the block 16 in the height direction (a surface that divides the block height into two) A. Is provided.

  Further, the ridge 18 is formed in a constant cross section in the circumferential direction, and specifically has a substantially trapezoidal cross section as shown in FIG. The cross-sectional shape of the protrusion 18 is not particularly limited, and may be an arc shape, a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, or the like.

  The size of the protrusion 18 is set such that the width W of the bottom surface is 0.5 to 3 mm and the protrusion height H from the side surface 16A is 0.3 to 2 mm. If the size of the ridge 18 is smaller than this, it is difficult to obtain a desired effect. Conversely, if it is larger than this, the drainage performance is adversely affected. The width W is more preferably 1.5 to 3 mm, and the height H is more preferably 1 to 2 mm.

  Note that a plurality (four in this case) of closed sipes 20 each having a cut extending in the tire width direction are arranged in parallel on the ground contact surface 16B of the block 16 in the tire circumferential direction.

(Function and effect)
In order to improve the performance on ice and snow, the deformation and contact property of the rubber block were investigated by experiment and analysis by FEM. On the road surface with low frictional resistance (for example, μ = 0.1), the frictional resistance like the dry road surface Unlike a high road surface (for example, μ = 0.7), it was found that when a vertical load is applied, the contact pressure increases at the center of the block, and the contact pressure distribution is uneven. That is, on the low frictional resistance road surface, the larger the vertical load applied to the block, the higher the contact pressure at the center of the block by deforming outward so that the side surface of the block spreads laterally. This is a liquid in which the rubber block expands in the width direction due to compression and the frictional force acting on both sides of the block hinders the pressure on the center side of the block, which is integrated and the ground pressure is concentrated in the center. It is thought to be due to the effect.

  For this reason, in order to make the ground pressure distribution uniform, when the vertical load is applied, the side surface of the block does not spread sideways but bends vertically, that is, the Poisson's ratio is lowered, thereby reducing the influence of the liquid effect. It is effective. In particular, on the low friction resistance road surface, attention should be paid to the pressure distribution at the center of the block rather than the pressure at the block edge. Even from the area ratio, it is more advantageous to increase the maximum frictional force by making this uniform. is there.

  Therefore, in order to bend vertically without being spread laterally when a vertical load is applied, unevenness is given to the side surface of the block, and when the concave portion is provided, the lateral deflection becomes large and the ground pressure is dispersed. On the other hand, it was confirmed that when the protrusions continuous in the circumferential direction were provided, the lateral deflection was reduced and the contact pressure distribution was made uniform.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, by providing the ridges 18 that are continuous over the entire circumference around the side surface 16A of the block 16, the block side surface 16A is restrained from deforming in the outward direction at the time of ground contact. Can be suppressed. Therefore, the contact pressure distribution of the block 16 with respect to the road surface having a low friction coefficient such as the road surface on ice and snow is made uniform, and the performance on ice and snow can be improved.

  Further, the Poisson's ratio is reduced by a single ridge 18 and the side surface of the block is not formed in a bellows shape by a plurality of adjacently arranged ridges. Can be maintained. That is, when the block side surface has a bellows shape, the block side surface repeats a state where a plurality of protrusions are present and a state where a plurality of concave grooves are present based on the ground contact surface as the wear of the block progresses. In the latter state, the Poisson's ratio becomes high on the contrary, so that the grounding property greatly fluctuates. Further, in the case of the bellows shape, since the groove area decreases, there is a concern about deterioration of drainage and snow clogging.

(Example 2 (however, it is a reference example) )
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a block configuration of the pneumatic tire according to the second embodiment. In this example, the position of the ridge 18 is different from that of the first embodiment, and the rest is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  The position of the ridge 18 is provided at the maximum bending position of the side surface 16A in the height direction of the block 16 (maximum bending position of the block in a state where no ridge is provided) in order to suppress the outward bending. It is most effective, and the position is usually a position slightly on the ground contact surface 16B side from the center A in the height direction of the block 16. On the other hand, the performance life of the ice and snow tire is generally until the wear of the block 16 reaches the center A in the height direction, but it is desirable to ensure the protrusion 18 even in such a worn state.

  Therefore, the position of the ridge 18 is set in the height direction of the block 16 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 in consideration of after wear while increasing the effect of suppressing the lateral deflection of the side surface 16A as much as possible. It is preferable to provide it at the center. And in particular, in order to maintain the above-described deflection suppressing effect until the tire life, the protrusion 18 is preferably provided on the groove bottom 22 side from the center A in the height direction of the block 16, as shown in FIG. Preferably, it is provided close to the center A in order to increase the above-described bending suppression effect as much as possible.

(Example 3)
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a block of a pneumatic tire according to Example 3, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the block. This example is characterized in that two ridges 18 are provided independently in the height direction of the block 16, and the others are the same as in the first embodiment.

  That is, in this example, the protrusion is provided on the ground contact surface 16B side with respect to the center A in the height direction of the block 16 and on the groove bottom 22 side with respect to the center A. It is comprised with two with the 2nd protrusion 18B.

  The first protrusion 18A has a bottom surface width W1 of 0.5 to 1.5 mm and a protrusion height H1 from the side surface 16A of 0.3 to 1 mm, and the second protrusion 18B has a bottom surface width. W2 is set to 1.5 to 3 mm, and the protruding height H2 from the side surface 16A is set to 1 to 2 mm. The protruding height of the second protrusion 18B on the groove bottom 22 side is set larger.

  Thus, by providing the two protrusions of the first protrusion 18A and the second protrusion 18B, it is possible to enhance the effect of suppressing the lateral deformation of the side surface 16A. In addition, by setting the second protrusion 18B on the groove bottom 22 side to be large, the influence of uneven wear due to the protrusion is eliminated, and the protrusion height is larger even while the first protrusion 18A is worn. The said bending suppression effect is maintainable with the 2nd protrusion 18B by the side of the groove bottom 22. FIG. In addition, as the wear further progresses, the more effective second protrusion 18B approaches the maximum bending position, so that the above-described bending suppression effect can be effectively maintained. Moreover, since the 1st protrusion 18A by the side of the grounding surface 16B is small, the problem of a drainage fall or snow clogging can be reduced.

(Example 4)
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a block of a pneumatic tire according to Example 4, and FIG. 8 is a plan view of the block. This example is characterized in that the shape of the ridge 18 is changed in the circumferential direction of the block 16, and the others are the same as in the first embodiment.

  That is, in this example, the protrusion 18 has a protrusion height H4 at the center portion of the side surface 16A larger than the protrusion height H3 at both ends of the side surface 16A in the circumferential direction of the block 16. Specifically, the projections 18 project in a circular arc shape in plan view at the longitudinal central portion of the ridge 18 on each side surface 16A so that the height of the ridge 18 gradually increases from both ends of the side surface 16 toward the center portion. An overhang portion 24 is provided. The protruding height H4 at the overhanging portion 24 is preferably 1.5 to 2 times the protruding height H3 at the general portions at both ends.

  By providing such an overhang portion 24, the effect of suppressing the outward deflection of the block side surface 16 </ b> A is increased, and the effect of lowering the contact pressure at the center portion of the block 16 is further increased.

(Example 5)
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a block of a pneumatic tire according to Example 5, and FIG. 10 is a side view of the block. This example is characterized in that the protrusions 18 are provided in a zigzag shape, and the others are the same as in the first embodiment.

  That is, in this example, the protrusion 18 extending in the circumferential direction on the block side surface 16 </ b> A is formed in a zigzag shape having an amplitude in the height direction of the block 16. Thus, by making the protrusion 18 into a zigzag shape, the volume of the protrusion 18 can be taken large and the inhibitory effect of the deformation | transformation to the outer side direction of the block side surface 16A can be heightened. Moreover, even if the maximum deflection position moves due to wear of the block 16, the formation range of the ridges 18 in the height direction of the block 16 is wide, so that the suppression effect is easily maintained.

  It is preferable that the said protrusion 18 is formed in 5 to 30% of range by area ratio with respect to 16 A of block side surfaces. The zigzag amplitude B is preferably 0.3 to 1 times the width W of the bottom surface of the protrusion 18. Furthermore, it is preferable that the zigzag wave number (frequency) in each side surface 16A is about 3-10. If each of these numerical values is smaller than the above range, the effect is weak, and conversely if it is larger, the drainage performance is adversely affected. The height of the ridge is 0.3 to 2 mm as in the first embodiment.

  9 and 10, the protrusion 18 is formed in a zigzag shape composed of a bent line, but may be formed in a curved wave shape (meandering shape).

(Example 6)
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a pneumatic tire block according to the sixth embodiment. This example is characterized in that the second ridge 18B of the third embodiment is formed by the ridge 18 having the protruding portion 24 of the fourth embodiment.

  That is, in this example, the first protrusion 18A is formed in a straight shape having a constant cross section in the circumferential direction, and the second protrusion 18B is set to have a protrusion height larger than that of the first protrusion 18A. The overhanging portion 24 is formed in the central portion so that the protruding height at the central portion is larger than the protruding height at both end portions of the side surface 16A.

  Thereby, in addition to the effect of the third embodiment, the effect of lowering the contact pressure at the center of the block 16 by the overhanging portion 24 of the second protrusion 18B is further increased.

(Example 7)
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a pneumatic tire block according to the seventh embodiment. This example is characterized in that the second protrusion 18B of Example 3 is formed in a zigzag shape as in Example 5.

  That is, in this example, the first protrusion 18A is formed in a straight shape, the second protrusion 18B is formed in a zigzag shape having an amplitude in the height direction of the block 16, and the second protrusion 18B The protrusion height is set larger than the first protrusion 18A.

  Thereby, in addition to the said effect of Example 3, the inhibitory effect of the deformation | transformation to the outer side direction of the block side surface 16A and its sustaining effect can be heightened by the zigzag shape of the 2nd protrusion 18B.

  The ground pressure dispersion value was determined for each of the blocks of Examples 1 and 3 to 7 and each of the blocks of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Here, the size of the block was 28 mm long × 28 mm wide × 10 mm high. The detailed configuration of the protrusions of each block is as shown in Table 1. In addition, Comparative Example 1 is an example in which the protrusions shown in FIG. 13 are not provided, Comparative Example 2 is an example in which protrusions divided at each corner of the block are provided as shown in FIG. 14, and Comparative Example 3 is 3 is an example in which the side surface of the block is configured in a bellows shape by adjoining a plurality of protrusions divided in the circumferential direction in the height direction as described in FIG. Same as example.

  The ground pressure dispersion value is obtained by applying a vertical load (154 N) to the block on the road surface with a friction coefficient μ = 0.1, measuring the ground pressure by image processing, and expressing the ground pressure dispersion as an index. This is shown as an index with Comparative Example 1 taken as 100. The smaller the value, the more uniform the contact pressure and the better the contact performance.

  Moreover, the studless tire (tire size: 205 / 65R15) which has each block of the said Examples 1, 3-7, and Comparative Examples 1-3 was produced, and the on-ice performance was evaluated.

  Evaluation of the performance on ice was carried out by mounting each tire on a domestic 2500cc passenger car (rear wheel drive), measuring the ABS braking distance from the speed of 40 km / h on the ice surface (average road surface temperature = -1 ° C), and Comparative Example 1 Is expressed as an index with 100 being 100. The larger the value, the better the braking performance.

The results are as shown in Table 1. In the example, the ground contact with the road surface on ice was greatly improved, and excellent on-ice performance was obtained.

  The pneumatic tire of the present invention can be particularly suitably used as a winter tire such as a studless tire.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Tread part, 12 ... Main groove, 14 ... Side groove, 16 ... Block, 16A ... Side surface, 16B ... Grounding surface, 18 ... Projection, 18A ... First projection, 18B ... Second projection, 22 ... Groove bottom , 24 ... overhang, W ... width of the bottom surface of the protrusion, W1 ... width of the bottom surface of the first protrusion, W2 ... width of the bottom surface of the second protrusion, H ... protrusion height of the protrusion, H1 ... 1 protrusion height, H2 ... second protrusion protrusion height, H3 ... protrusion height at both ends of the protrusion, H4 ... protrusion height at the center of the protrusion, A ... block height The center of the vertical direction, B ... the amplitude of the ridge

Claims (5)

  In a pneumatic tire including a block partitioned by a groove provided on a tread surface, one or a plurality of protrusions protruding from a side surface of the block and continuously extending over the entire circumference of the side surface are provided in the height direction of the block. A pneumatic tire characterized in that it is provided independently and at least one of the ridges is formed in a zigzag shape or a wave shape having an amplitude in the height direction of the block.   In a pneumatic tire including a block partitioned by a groove provided on a tread surface, one or a plurality of protrusions protruding from a side surface of the block and continuously extending over the entire circumference of the side surface are provided in the height direction of the block. It is provided independently, and at least one of the protrusions is formed such that a protruding height at a central portion of the side surface is larger than a protruding height at both end portions of the side surface in the circumferential direction of the block. A featured pneumatic tire. In a pneumatic tire including a block partitioned by a groove provided on a tread surface, a protrusion that protrudes from a side surface of the block and extends continuously without being divided at each corner portion of the block over the entire circumference of the side surface, Two independent protrusions are provided in the height direction of the block, and the two protrusions are provided on the grounding surface side with respect to the center in the height direction of the block, and the height of the block second ridges Toka Rannahli provided on the groove bottom side of the center of the direction, the protrusion height relative to the side surface of the second protrusion is greater than the protrusion height relative to the side surface of the first protrusion A featured pneumatic tire. In a pneumatic tire including a block defined by grooves provided on a tread surface, a plurality of protrusions protruding from the side surface of the block and continuously extending over the entire circumference of the side surface are made independent in the height direction of the block. The first protrusion provided on the ground surface side of the block in the height direction and the second protrusion provided on the groove bottom side of the block in the height direction. The protrusion is composed of two protrusions and a protrusion height of the second protrusion with respect to the side surface is larger than a protrusion height of the first protrusion with respect to the side surface, and the first protrusion is straight. A pneumatic tire formed, wherein the second protrusion is formed in a zigzag shape or a wave shape having an amplitude in a height direction of the block. In a pneumatic tire including a block defined by grooves provided on a tread surface, a plurality of protrusions protruding from the side surface of the block and continuously extending over the entire circumference of the side surface are made independent in the height direction of the block. The first protrusion provided on the ground surface side of the block in the height direction and the second protrusion provided on the groove bottom side of the block in the height direction. The projecting height of the second projecting ridge with respect to the side surface of the second projecting ridge is larger than the projecting height of the first projecting ridge with respect to the side surface. The pneumatic tire is characterized in that, in the circumferential direction, the protruding height at the central portion of the side surface is formed larger than the protruding height at both end portions of the side surface.

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