JP4787242B2 - Multiphase rotating electrical machine for automobile - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a multiphase rotating electrical machine.

  In particular, the present invention relates to a multiphase rotating electrical machine that can be used in an internal combustion engine vehicle as a generator and as an electric motor for starting an internal combustion engine.

  The electric machine includes a rotor shaft, a rotor rotatably connected to the rotor shaft, a fixed multiphase stator surrounding the rotor, and magnetic means for monitoring the rotation of the rotor. The magnetic means includes a magnetic ring surrounding the rotor shaft and rotatably coupled to the rotor shaft, and at least one fixed sensor disposed proximate to and cooperating with the magnetic ring.

  This type of machine is known in the art, in particular from patent application FR 2807231 which describes magnetic means comprising a magnetic ring fixed to the machine pulley. The pulley itself is rotatably connected to the rotor shaft. Such a reversible device is known as an alternator starter.

  The magnetic ring is rotated at a high speed by the rotor shaft and receives a large centrifugal force. Further, the magnetic ring is subjected to repeated acceleration and deceleration cycles as the vehicle is started or decelerated.

  Such stress causes mechanical fatigue of the magnetic ring, and the magnetic ring fails before its original life.

  In view of the circumstances described above, an object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-described problems.

  Therefore, the present invention is characterized in that the magnetic ring has an annular magnetic member and reinforcing means surrounding the outer circumference in the radial direction of the magnetic member, and provides a machine that otherwise conforms to the comprehensive definition described above. Is.

  The solution according to the invention does not require excessive space and makes it possible to keep the structure of the electric machine simple and economical.

  In addition, the gap between the magnetic ring and the sensor can be sufficiently managed.

  Furthermore, it can be easily attached to the rear of the electric machine and the sensor can be accurately positioned with respect to the magnetic ring.

  In an embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcing means is a cylindrical body that surrounds the entire outer periphery of the magnetic ring.

  The reinforcing means is advantageously formed from a non-magnetic material for good return of magnetic flux.

  The reinforcing means is preferably made of aluminum, austenitic steel, plastic material, woven fabric or non-woven fabric.

Furthermore, the reinforcing means
-You may press-fit around a magnetic ring.
-You may shrink fit around the magnetic ring.
-You may adhere around the magnetic ring.
-You may magnetically form around a magnetic ring.
-You may heat-form around a magnetic ring.
-You may mold around a magnetic ring.

  Alternatively, the magnetic ring may be molded into the reinforcing means.

  It is advantageous if the magnetic ring is a plastic magnet.

  As another advantageous feature, the reinforcing means is a thin layer pressed against the radial outer surface of the magnetic ring.

  This thin layer can be, for example, a foil or a film.

  This thin layer can be hard.

  This thin layer may have an opening.

  In this case, the magnetic ring can be filled in the opening of the thin layer, and the magnetic ring can be flush with the outer surface of the thin layer through the opening.

  According to yet another advantageous feature, the sensor is arranged facing the magnetic ring and radially outside the magnetic ring.

  Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which is given by way of illustration only and not as a limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  The rotating electrical machine shown in FIG. 1 is an automobile alternator that operates reversibly. Such an alternator is known as an alternator starter, and includes a rotor shaft 1, a claw-type rotor 2 rotatably connected to the rotor shaft 1, a fixed multiphase stator 3 surrounding the rotor 2, and rotation of the rotor 2. Is provided with a magnetic means 4.

  In this case, the axis of the rotor shaft 1 defines a rotation axis X-X ′ of the rotary electric machine which is a multiphase type.

  The rotor 2 is connected to the rotor shaft 1, and a rotor assembly is constituted by both of them.

  The rotor 2 includes two claw-type pole wheels 21 and an excitation winding 22 positioned between these pole wheels 21. Each pole wheel 21 includes a flange that is substantially orthogonal to the rotor shaft 1. On the outer periphery of the flange, teeth that face in the axial direction toward the flange of the other pole wheel are provided. These teeth are engaged with each other by shifting in the circumferential direction in one pole wheel and the other pole wheel. Each tooth is trapezoidal.

  Each flange includes a central hole for receiving the rotor shaft 1 and is rotatably connected to the rotor shaft 1 by a rib that cooperates with a groove of the rotor shaft 1.

  When power is supplied to the excitation winding 22, the teeth of one pole wheel 21 become N poles and the teeth of the other pole wheel 21 become S poles.

  The stator 3 adapted to be attached to a fixed part of the automobile includes a front main bearing 31 and a rear main bearing 32 as its parts. In this case, the main bearings 31 and 32 are overlapped and fixed to each other by a tie rod 33 shown in FIG. 1 to form a casing.

  The stator 3 also includes a stator assembly 34 having a stator body that holds a series of stator windings. In a known manner, the stator assembly 34 has a body in the form of a lamination that surrounds the rotor 2 and is formed with a series of notches. This notch receives at least one winding for each phase of the alternator starter, here a three-phase type.

  The winding may be a separate coil or an interlace coil, or may be in the form of a bar such as a U-shaped bar as disclosed in WO 92/06527, for example.

  The main bearings 31 and 32 are hollow and are perforated so that air can circulate inside the machine. This machine is of the compact type and has an internal ventilation element, in this case a rotor 2. As shown in FIG. 1, the rotor 2 includes a fan 23 at its shaft end. There may be only one fan 23.

  In this case, the main bearings 31 and 32 are made of aluminum and have a ball bearing 35 at the center as shown in FIG. Each of these ball bearings supports the front end portion and the rear end portion of the rotor shaft 1.

  The ball bearing 35 used for the rear main bearing 32 is smaller than the ball bearing 35 of the front main bearing 31.

  The rotor shaft 1 extends beyond the front main bearing 31 to a pulley that is rotatably fixed to the rotor shaft 1 outside the main bearing 31, that is, the motion transmission unit 5. This pulley is adapted to cooperate with a belt having a V-shaped groove (not shown).

  When the electric machine is operating in the power generation mode, the heat engine drives the entire rotor shaft 1 and the rotor 2 via this belt. The pulley and the belt attached to the pulley allow the electric machine to rotate in the reverse direction to drive the heat engine when the electric machine operates in starter mode.

  Alternatively, a plurality of gear pairs, a variable spacing chain of at least one pulley, or at least one belt can be used to transfer motion between the automotive heat engine and the rotor shaft 1. Therefore, the motion transmission part 5 can be made of various structures, for example, a set of gears, a toothed ring, a pulley, or the like.

  Each end of the winding 22 of the rotor 2 is connected to the slip ring 11 supported by the rotor shaft 1. A part of the winding of the stator assembly 34 is connected by wire connection to an electronic control device (not shown) arranged outside the electric machine.

  This electric machine is of the type disclosed in WO 01/67962, which is the reference of this specification.

  The magnetic means 4 for monitoring the rotor 2 is disposed so as to surround the rotor shaft 1 and in close proximity to the magnetic ring 41 rotatably connected to the rotor shaft 1. At least one fixed sensor 42 cooperating with 41 is provided. The magnetic means 4 usually has three Hall effect type sensors 42.

  The magnetic ring 41 extends in a plane perpendicular to the rotor shaft 1 and is disposed coaxially with the rotor shaft 1 on the rear side in the axial direction of the rotor 2.

  The magnetic ring 41 extends around the rear ball bearing 35 inside the stator 3.

  In one embodiment, the magnetic ring 41 is fixed to the rear metal fan 23 connected to the rotor 2. The fan 23 can be the same as the fan shown in FIG. 12 of the above-mentioned International Publication No. 01/67962, and the free end forms a holding cap for the magnetic ring 41. Yes. The retaining cap includes an axial rim extending outwardly adjacent to a lateral annular rim opposite the axis X-X '. The height of this lateral rim is lower than the magnetic ring.

  The magnetic ring 41 includes a centrally driven fixed hub 413 that is rotatably connected to the rotor, for example, directly or indirectly by matching the shape.

  In the case of being indirectly connected to the rotor, the hub 413 is connected to the rotor via a fan, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 of the above-mentioned International Publication No. 01/67962.

  The hub 413 includes a metal cap of the type described above that includes an axial portion and a lateral annular rim. The hub 413 is rotatably connected to the fan by matching the shape.

  Alternatively, the hub 413 may have a metal cap with a lateral rim extending at its outer periphery proximate to the axial annular portion to secure the magnetic ring. .

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the hub 413 is rotatably connected to the rotor by a collector 12 that holds the slip ring 11. The details of the collector 12 are the same as those in FIG. 8 of French Patent Publication No. 2710200. The collector 12 includes a tubular body 121 that is externally fitted to the rear end portion of the rotor shaft 1 by pressure, and an annular body 122 that is coaxially connected to the rotor shaft 1 and connected to the tubular body 121.

  The tubular main body 121 holds the slip ring 11. As shown in FIG. 1, the tubular body 121 and the annular body 122 are separated from each other, the tubular body 121 is located outside the rear main bearing 32, and the annular body 122 is a ball inside the rear main bearing 32. It is located between the bearing 35 and the rotor 2.

  The annular body 122 has an element 123 as an electrical contact at the end of the winding 22 of the rotor 2. The element 123 projects radially outward from the annular body 122. This element 123 is electrically connected to the slip ring 11.

  In addition, the annular body 122 includes, for example, a relief projecting radially outward, and the hub 413 of the magnetic ring 41 is rotatably connected to the annular body 122 by matching the shape with these reliefs. Yes.

  The sensor 42 is fixed to the rear main bearing 32 inside the stator 3. The sensor 42 is attached to a sensor port arranged on the side of the rear main bearing 32 opposite to the rotor 2 in the manner described later.

  The magnetic field received by each sensor 42 is changed by the rotation of the magnetic ring 41 interlocked with the rotor shaft 1.

  The sensor 42 is connected to the electronic control unit, and transmits a signal corresponding to the received magnetic field to the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit processes this signal and derives the angular position of the rotor 2.

  This electronic control device is of the type disclosed in French Patent Publication No. 2710200, a converter for converting alternating current generated by the stator 3 into direct current, a control means for receiving information from the sensor 42, and a rotor Means for controlling the two excitation currents. Such a control means is connected by wire connection to a brush / holder device (not shown) having a brush in contact with a slip ring 11 supported on the rotor shaft 1.

  According to the present invention, the magnetic ring 41 includes an annular magnetic member 411 and reinforcing means 412 surrounding the radially outer surface of the magnetic member 411.

  As can be seen from FIG. 3, the hub 413 of the magnetic ring 41 includes a metal core 43 in the form of a cap, and a drive member 44 made of a plastic material molded on the metal core 43.

  The metal core 43 includes a center plate 431 in the form of a disk extending in a plane perpendicular to the axis XX ′, and a straight end 432 extending at the rear supported by the radial outer surface of the center plate 431, On the opposite side of the center plate 431, there is a rim 433 extending radially outward from the straight end 432.

  A hole for receiving the rotor shaft 1 is provided at the center of the plate 431, and a number of holes serving as a conductor passage connecting the contact element 123 to the slip ring 11 are provided at the periphery.

  The magnetic member 411 is fixed to the outer surface in the radial direction of the linear edge 432.

  The drive member 44 is formed on the metal core 43 and defines a relief on the front surface of the plate 431. This relief cooperates with the relief of the annular body 122 to rotatably connect the collector 12 and the magnetic ring 41.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the drive member 44 defines a second rim 441 parallel to the rim 433. The second rim 441 has the same radial width as the rim 433, extends substantially in the plane of the plate 431, and slightly protrudes outward from the plate 431.

  The magnetic member 411 includes a radially inner portion extending between the rim 433 and the rim 441, and a radially outer portion extending radially outward from the two rims 433 and 441 following the radially inner portion. Have.

  The radial cross section of the magnetic member 411 is substantially rectangular, substantially cylindrical, and has a radially outer surface 414 that is coaxial with the rotor shaft 1.

  The magnetic member 411 is a plastic magnet made of a plastic material in which magnet particles are dispersed.

  The radially outer surface 414 is covered with reinforcing means 412. The reinforcing means 412 has a cylindrical shape that surrounds the entire outer peripheral surface of the annular magnetic member 411.

  Of course, the reinforcing means can be mounted on the magnetic member of the magnetic ring of FIG. 1 and finally the magnetic member can be magnetized.

  As can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 6, the reinforcing means 412 surrounds the radially outer surface of the magnetic member 411 and defines a thin layer 415 that presses the outer surface 414.

  The thin layer 415 has a cylindrical shape that matches the shape of the outer surface 414 and covers the entire outer surface 414. Since the thickness of the thin layer 415 in the radial direction is smaller than that of the annular magnetic member, the overall size of the device does not change.

  In another embodiment, the thin layer 415 is a continuous structure with no gaps, as shown in FIGS.

  In some embodiments, the thin layer 415 has an opening 416 as shown in FIGS. The opening 416 is smaller than the axial width of the thin layer 415 and its diameter. The thin layer 415 has a large number of openings 416 distributed regularly in the axial direction and the circumferential direction over the entire surface thereof.

  To do so, the thin layer can be a net made of wire with square openings 416 as shown in FIG. Such wires have a regular mesh, and each wire has a width that is substantially half of a square opening. The width | variety of a wire is a dimension orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.

  The wire consists of two directions that are substantially inclined by 45 degrees with respect to the axial edge of the thin layer 415. The wire in each direction is parallel to each other and is orthogonal to the wire in the other direction.

  The opening 416 can also be other shapes such as diamond, round, rectangle, ellipse, or triangle.

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the magnetic member 411 fills the opening 416 of the thin layer 415 and is flush with the radial outer surface of the thin layer 415.

  Thus, the magnetic member 411 filling the opening 416 is completely coincident with the cylindrical surface defined by the outer surface of the thin layer.

  The reinforcing means 412 is made of a nonmagnetic material.

  Specifically, the reinforcing means 412 is usually formed from a nonwoven fabric such as aluminum, austenitic steel, plastic material, woven fabric, or felt.

  The plastic material may or may not contain a reinforcing material such as glass fiber.

  The reinforcing means 412 can be fixed to the annular magnetic member 411 by various methods.

  The reinforcing means 412 can be shrink-fitted around the annular magnetic member 411 as shown in FIGS.

  In this case, the reinforcing means 412 has an annular wing 417 extending perpendicularly to the rotor shaft 1 in addition to the thin cylindrical layer 415 coaxial with the rotor shaft 1. The wing 417 is coupled to the axial side of the thin cylindrical layer 415 and extends radially inward from the thin layer 415. The wing 417 presses the surface of the magnetic member 411 in the axial direction.

  The inner diameter of the thin layer 415 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the magnetic member 411. This difference is selected so that the reinforcing means 412 can be properly fitted on the outer surface 414 of the magnetic member 411.

  The reinforcing means 412 can be fitted around the annular magnetic member 411 by pressurization.

  The reinforcing means 412 can also be glued around the outer surface 414 of the annular magnetic member 411. In this case, the reinforcing means 412 can be formed from an adhesive tape in which an adhesive is provided on the surface bonded to the outer surface 414.

  The reinforcing means 412 can be magnetically formed around the annular magnetic member 411. In this case, the reinforcing means 412 is formed from a suitable metal material.

  Finally, the reinforcing means 412 can be thermally formed around the annular magnetic member 411. In this case, the reinforcing means 412 is formed from a suitable plastic material.

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the annular magnetic member 411 is formed in the reinforcing means 412. This is possible because the magnetic member 411 is a plastic magnet. According to this method, the condition that the material constituting the magnetic member 411 satisfies the opening 416 of the reinforcing means 412 can be easily obtained.

  Furthermore, this method is particularly suitable for reinforcing means 412 which are made of a fibrous material, for example woven or non-woven. This is because the natural porosity of such a material facilitates mechanical attachment of the magnetic member 411 to the plastic substrate during molding.

  In yet another embodiment, the reinforcing means 412 is formed from a plastic material and is molded around the annular magnetic member 411. The reinforcing means 412 may cover only the outer surface of the magnetic member 411, or may cover the surface of the magnetic member 411 in the axial direction partially or completely.

  As can be seen from FIG. 1, the sensor 42 is attached to the support 421. This support 421 is preferably provided with an angle adjustment, but alternatively, a main support 422 secured to the rear main bearing 32 outside the stator 3, ie the rotor 2, and forward from the main support 422. Three fingers 423 extending in the axial direction toward the inside of the stator through holes of the rear main bearing 32 are provided.

The sensor 42 is firmly fixed to the free end in front of the finger 423, is disposed on the radially outer side of the magnetic ring 41, and faces the magnetic ring. A gap space of a predetermined distance separates the sensor 42 from the outer surface in the radial direction of the thin layer 415 of the reinforcing means 412.

  Alternatively, the fingers 423 are joined together to form a single body to pass through a large hole in the rear main bearing. For further details, see WO 01/67962. This patent document also discloses a protrusion having an oval hole that allows the angle of the support 421 to be adjusted and that allows the support 421 to be closed by an embedded nut secured in the main bearing 32. Yes.

Note that the radial thickness of the thin layer 415 is small compared to this gap space .

In this case, other embodiments are particularly advantageous, in which the reinforcing means 412 are perforated by a plurality of openings 416 and these openings are filled with the material of the magnetic part 411.

The reason for this is that in this case, the distance between the magnetic portion 411 and the sensor 42 in the opening 416 corresponds to the gap space. In the case where the thin layer 415 has a continuous (solid) structure without a gap, the distance between the magnetic member 411 and the sensor 42 corresponds to a dimension obtained by adding the thickness of the thin layer 415 to the gap space .

It will be appreciated that an apparatus configured in this way has several advantages as follows.

  The reinforcing means 412 forms a frame of the annular magnetic member 411, and this frame enables the annular magnetic member 411 to withstand the centrifugal force generated when the rotor shaft 1 rotates at a high speed. Such reinforcing means 412 greatly increases the mechanical resistance of the magnetic ring against centrifugal forces.

  Such a reinforcing means has a small radial thickness. Therefore, the distance between the magnetic member and the sensor does not increase greatly. If the thin layer has openings, this distance does not increase at all. The quality of the signal produced by the sensor is maintained in any case.

  Attachment of the reinforcing means to the annular magnetic member can be performed easily and quickly by a method such as external fitting by pressurization or shrink fitting.

  Furthermore, it becomes possible to arrange | position a sensor in the radial direction outer side of this magnetic ring by the method of reinforcing the magnetic ring used here. As can be seen from FIG. 1, this configuration is desirable because it is easy to mount the sensor on the outer side of the magnetic ring, not on the inner side in the radial direction, and on the rear side in the axial direction of the magnetic ring.

  Other embodiments of the electrical machine described above are also possible without departing from the concept of the invention.

  The magnetic ring can also have a radial cross section that is not substantially rectangular. This radial cross section can be square, circular, oval, or any other shape suitable for the sensor used.

  The magnetic ring can also be formed from a material containing metal or mineral instead of a plastic magnet.

  When openings are formed in the reinforcing means 412, the number of openings formed in the thin layer and the size of the openings can be variously changed within a range in which the mechanical resistance of the magnetic ring is not insufficient.

  Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed herein.

  For example, as an alternative, the rotor is of a type with protruding poles around which excitation windings are wound.

  Alternatively, the alternator is of the type provided with a protruding pole with a permanent magnet built into the rotor as disclosed in WO 02/045466 and around which an excitation winding is wound.

  The casing of the alternator can comprise two or more parts, for example three parts, connected to one another by screws, for example. These three parts include two main bearings located on either side of the central part that holds the stator assembly therein.

  Alternatively, the structure can be changed to a target port that is mounted between the end of the front main bearing 31 provided with a hole so that the finger 423 can be inserted and the proximity flange of the pole wheel 21. This sensor port is fixed to the surface of the front main bearing 31 on the opposite side of the rotor.

  Alternatively, the hub 413 may be glued to the fan.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a multiphase electromechanical device according to the present invention. It is a side view showing the right half of a magnetic ring in a 1st embodiment of the present invention in section. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by III in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by IV in FIG. 2. It is a side view of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention similar to the side view shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is an exploded side view of the magnetic ring shown in FIG. 5.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotor shaft 2 Rotor 3 Stator 4 Magnetic means 5 Motion transmission part 11 Slip ring 12 Collector 21 Polar wheel 22 Excitation winding 23 Fan 31 Front main bearing 32 Rear main bearing 33 Tie rod 34 Stator assembly 35 Ball bearing 41 Magnetic ring 42 Sensor 43 Metal core 44 Drive member 121 Tubular body 122 Ring body 123 Contact element 411 Magnetic member 412 Reinforcing means 413 Hub 414 Outer surface 415 Thin layer 416 Opening 417 Ring wing 421 Support body 422 Main support body 423 Finger 431 Center plate 432 Straight edge 433 Rim 441 Second rim

Claims (13)

A multiphase rotating electrical machine that can be used in an internal combustion engine vehicle as a generator and as an electric motor for starting an internal combustion engine,
A rotor shaft (1);
A rotor (2) rotatably connected to the rotor shaft (1);
A fixed multiphase stator (3) surrounding the rotor (2);
Magnetic means (4) for monitoring the rotation of the rotor (2),
The magnetic means (4) surrounds the rotor shaft (1) and is connected to the rotor shaft (1) so as to be able to rotate therewith, and to the magnetic ring (41). closely disposed, have at least one stationary sensor cooperating with the magnetic ring (41) (42),
It said magnetic ring (41) includes an annular magnetic member (411), and have a reinforcing means (412) surrounding the radially outer surface of the annular magnetic member (411),
The annular magnetic member (411) is a plastic magnet,
The reinforcing member (412) defines a thin layer (415) that presses a radial outer surface of the annular magnetic member (411);
The thin layer (415) has an opening (416);
The magnetic member (411) fills the opening (416) of the thin layer (415),
The magnetic member (411) extends flush with the outer surface of the thin layer (415) through the opening (416).
The stationary sensor (42) faces the magnetic ring (41) and is arranged on the radially outer side of the magnetic ring (41) .   The multiphase rotating electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing means (412) is a cylindrical structure surrounding the entire outer periphery of the annular magnetic member (411).   The multiphase rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing means (412) are made of a non-magnetic material.   The multiphase rotating electrical machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the reinforcing means (412) are made of aluminum, austenitic steel, plastic material, woven fabric or non-woven fabric.   The multiphase rotating electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing means (412) is fitted around the annular magnetic member (411) by pressurization.   The multiphase rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing means (412) are shrink fitted around the annular magnetic member (411).   The multiphase rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing means (412) are glued around the annular magnetic member (411).   The multiphase rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing means (412) are magnetically formed around the annular magnetic member (411).   The multiphase rotating electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing means (412) are thermally formed around the annular magnetic member (411).   The multiphase rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing means (412) are molded around the annular magnetic member (411).   The multiphase rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular magnetic member (411) is molded in the reinforcing means (412). Thin layer (415) is characterized by a continuous structure without gaps, multiphase dynamoelectric machine of claim 1. The multiphase rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing means (412) partially surround the magnetic member (411).

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