JP4787127B2 - Nozzle for cold spray and cold spray device - Google Patents

Nozzle for cold spray and cold spray device Download PDF

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JP4787127B2
JP4787127B2 JP2006281673A JP2006281673A JP4787127B2 JP 4787127 B2 JP4787127 B2 JP 4787127B2 JP 2006281673 A JP2006281673 A JP 2006281673A JP 2006281673 A JP2006281673 A JP 2006281673A JP 4787127 B2 JP4787127 B2 JP 4787127B2
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nozzle
cold spray
raw material
material powder
glass
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JP2008093635A (en
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博隆 深沼
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PLASMA GIKEN CO Ltd
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Priority to TW096135909A priority patent/TWI413552B/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1606Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air
    • B05B7/1613Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/162Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/14Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts
    • B05B15/18Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts for improving resistance to wear, e.g. inserts or coatings; for indicating wear; for handling or replacing worn parts

Description

本発明は、操業中のノズルへの原料粉末の付着やこれに起因するノズルの閉塞を大幅に減少させたコールドスプレー用ノズル及び該ノズルを用いたコールドスプレー装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a cold spray nozzle and a cold spray apparatus using the nozzle, in which adhesion of raw material powder to a nozzle during operation and nozzle blockage resulting from the adhesion are greatly reduced.

従来より、例えば製鉄プロセスの鋳型やロール、自動車ホイール、ガスタービン構成部品等の各種の金属部材には、耐摩耗性や耐食性を向上させて金属部材の長寿命化を図るべく、ニッケル、銅、アルミニウム、クロム又はこれらの合金等の皮膜を形成する技術が知られている。   Conventionally, for example, various metal members such as molds and rolls of steel manufacturing processes, automobile wheels, gas turbine components, etc., in order to improve wear resistance and corrosion resistance and to extend the life of metal members, nickel, copper, A technique for forming a film of aluminum, chromium, or an alloy thereof is known.

この皮膜を形成する一つの方法として、金属メッキが用いられている。しかし、金属メッキは、大面積に施工できない、クラックが発生し易いといった問題が生じる。   As one method for forming this film, metal plating is used. However, metal plating has problems that it cannot be applied to a large area and cracks are likely to occur.

他の方法として、溶射により皮膜を形成する方法が挙げられる。この溶射としては、減圧プラズマ溶射(LPPS)、フレーム溶射、高速フレーム溶射(HVOF)及び大気プラズマ溶射等が含まれる。しかし、これら溶射で皮膜を形成した場合には、溶射中に酸化するため緻密な皮膜の形成が困難であり、導電率及び熱伝導率が低く、また付着率が低く、不経済である等の問題がある。   Another method includes a method of forming a film by thermal spraying. This thermal spraying includes low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS), flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying (HVOF), atmospheric plasma spraying, and the like. However, when a coating is formed by these thermal spraying, it is difficult to form a dense coating because it is oxidized during thermal spraying, and the conductivity and thermal conductivity are low, the adhesion rate is low, and it is uneconomical. There's a problem.

これらに代わる新たな皮膜を形成する技術として、固相状態のまま原料粉末の皮膜を形成する「コールドスプレー」が注目されている。このコールドスプレーは、原料粉末の融点又は軟化点よりも低い温度の作動ガスを超音速流とし、作動ガス中に搬送ガスによって搬送された原料粉末を投入してノズル先端より噴出させ、固相状態のまま基材に衝突させて皮膜を形成するものである。つまり、金属、合金、金属間化合物、セラミックス等の原料粉末を超音速で基材表面に固相状態で衝突させて皮膜を形成するものである。   As a technique for forming a new film as an alternative to these, “cold spray”, which forms a film of a raw material powder in a solid state, has attracted attention. This cold spray is a supersonic flow of working gas at a temperature lower than the melting point or softening point of the raw material powder, and the raw material powder carried by the carrier gas is injected into the working gas and ejected from the tip of the nozzle, in a solid state It is made to collide with a base material as it is to form a film. That is, a raw material powder such as a metal, an alloy, an intermetallic compound, or ceramic is collided with the surface of the substrate at a supersonic speed in a solid state to form a film.

さらに、このコールドスプレー技術を詳細に説明すると、窒素ガス、ヘリウムガス、空気等が貯蔵されている圧縮ガスボンベからのガス供給手段は、作動ガスラインと搬送ガスラインとに分岐される。高圧の作動ガスは、ヒーターにより原料粉末の融点又は軟化点以下の温度に加熱された後、コールドスプレーガンのチャンバー内に供給される。他方、高圧の搬送ガスは、原料粉末供給手段に導入され、原料粉末を上記チャンバー内に搬送する。搬送ガスにより搬送された原料粉末は、作動ガスによりノズルの円錐状の圧縮部を経て超音速流となり、円錐状の膨張部の先端に位置するノズル出口より噴出し、基材表面に固相状態で衝突し、皮膜を形成する。   Further, the cold spray technique will be described in detail. A gas supply means from a compressed gas cylinder in which nitrogen gas, helium gas, air and the like are stored is branched into a working gas line and a carrier gas line. The high-pressure working gas is heated to a temperature below the melting point or softening point of the raw material powder by a heater, and then supplied into the chamber of the cold spray gun. On the other hand, the high-pressure carrier gas is introduced into the raw material powder supply means to carry the raw material powder into the chamber. The raw material powder conveyed by the carrier gas becomes a supersonic flow by the working gas through the conical compression part of the nozzle, and is ejected from the nozzle outlet located at the tip of the conical expansion part, and is in a solid state on the substrate surface. Collide with to form a film.

このコールドスプレーによる皮膜は、従来より提案されている上述した溶射による皮膜に比べて、緻密、高密度で、導電性、熱伝導率が高く、酸化や熱変質も少なく、密着性が良好であることが知られている。   This cold spray coating is dense, high density, high conductivity, high thermal conductivity, less oxidation and thermal alteration, and better adhesion than the previously proposed thermal spray coating. It is known.

このコールドスプレーの大きな問題は、原料粉末のノズルへの付着やこれに起因するノズルの閉塞である。ノズルとしては、通常、ステンレス鋼、工具鋼、超硬合金等を用いて製造されるが、ニッケル、銅、アルミニウム、ステンレス鋼又はこれらの合金を原料としてコールドスプレーにより皮膜を形成する場合には、ノズルの各部、特に膨張部に原料粉末が付着し、さらにはノズルが閉塞する。これは、操業時に、原料粉末とノズル内面との間で摩擦が生じ、ノズル内面の温度が上昇し、原料粉末がノズル内面に凝着することに起因する。このことがシステムの故障の原因となり、またこのことにより頻繁なノズル交換作業が必要となる。このようなノズルに対する原料粉末の付着やこれに起因するノズルの閉塞は、操業後、場合によっては数分間で生じ、コールドスプレー技術の実用化において大きな障害となっていた。   A major problem with this cold spray is the adhesion of the raw material powder to the nozzle and the clogging of the nozzle due to this. As a nozzle, it is usually manufactured using stainless steel, tool steel, cemented carbide, etc., but when forming a film by cold spray using nickel, copper, aluminum, stainless steel or these alloys as raw materials, The raw material powder adheres to each part of the nozzle, particularly the expanding part, and further the nozzle is blocked. This is because, during operation, friction occurs between the raw material powder and the inner surface of the nozzle, the temperature of the inner surface of the nozzle rises, and the raw material powder adheres to the inner surface of the nozzle. This causes a system failure and requires frequent nozzle replacement work. Such adhesion of the raw material powder to the nozzle and nozzle clogging due to this occurred in several minutes after the operation, which has been a major obstacle in the practical application of the cold spray technique.

特許文献1(特開2004−298863号公報)には、ノズルの少なくとも膨張部(拡大部)をポリベンゾイミダゾールからなるコールドスプレー技術用ノズルを開示し、このノズルにより金属粉末によるノズルへの付着やノズルの詰まりを減らすことができるとされている。   Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-298863) discloses a nozzle for cold spray technology in which at least an expanded portion (enlarged portion) of a nozzle is made of polybenzimidazole, and the nozzle is attached to the nozzle by metal powder. It is said that nozzle clogging can be reduced.

また、特許文献2(特開2005−95886号公報)には、ノズル入口部に続く円錐状の先細部と、先細部にのど部を介して続く短尺の円錐状の末広部と、末広部に続く筒状の平行部からなり、平行部に脱着機構及び/又は粉末投入口を設けたコールドスプレー用ノズルが開示されている(請求項1)。特許文献2では、上記のノズル設計を特定することによって、安価な規格品のパイプ材を使用できるとともに、平行部の交換が容易となり、仮に0.5m以上の大面積施工において粉末が堆積しても簡単に円筒部のみを交換することができ、のど部、末広部等でのノズル詰まりが生じた際にノズルのメンテナンスが容易となるとされている。 Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-95886) includes a conical tapered portion that continues to the nozzle inlet, a short conical widened portion that extends through the throat portion of the tapered portion, and a widened portion. There has been disclosed a cold spray nozzle comprising a continuous cylindrical parallel part and provided with a desorption mechanism and / or a powder inlet in the parallel part (Claim 1). In Patent Document 2, by specifying the nozzle design described above, an inexpensive standard pipe material can be used, and the parallel part can be easily replaced, so that powder is deposited in a large area construction of 0.5 m 2 or more. However, it is said that only the cylindrical portion can be easily exchanged, and when nozzle clogging occurs in the throat portion, the divergent portion, etc., maintenance of the nozzle is facilitated.

特開2004−298863号公報JP 2004-298863 A 特開2005−95886号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-95886

特許文献1のように、ノズル材料としてポリベンゾイミダゾールを用いた場合には、原料粉末によるノズルへの付着やノズルの詰まりを一定限度は減らすことができるが、実用的なレベルでは未だその効果は充分ではない。また、ポリベンゾイミダゾールは樹脂であるため、溶射粒子の衝突により容易に摩耗するためノズル寿命が短いのみならず、その上、耐熱性が低いため500℃以上の高温では使用できない。   When polybenzimidazole is used as the nozzle material as in Patent Document 1, adhesion to the nozzle and clogging of the nozzle by the raw material powder can be reduced to a certain limit, but the effect is still at a practical level. Not enough. In addition, since polybenzimidazole is a resin, it easily wears due to the collision of spray particles, so that not only the life of the nozzle is short, but furthermore, since it has low heat resistance, it cannot be used at a high temperature of 500 ° C. or higher.

また、特許文献2は、ノズル部材の交換を容易にすること等を目的とするもので、本質的にノズルに対する原料粉末の付着やこれに起因する閉塞を減少させることを意図するものではない。   Patent Document 2 is intended to facilitate the replacement of the nozzle member, and is not intended to reduce the adhesion of the raw material powder to the nozzle and the blocking caused by this.

このように、ノズルへの原料粉末の付着やこれに起因するノズルの閉塞というコールドスプレー技術における実用上の大きな課題は、未だ解決されていない。   As described above, the practical problem in the cold spray technique, that is, the adhesion of the raw material powder to the nozzle and the clogging of the nozzle due to this, has not been solved yet.

従って、本発明の目的は、操業中のノズルへの原料粉末の付着やこの付着に起因するノズルの閉塞を大幅に減少し、ノズルの長寿命化を達成することができるコールドスプレー用ノズル及び該ノズルを用いたコールドスプレー装置を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to greatly reduce the adhesion of the raw material powder to the nozzle during operation and the clogging of the nozzle due to this adhesion, and achieve a long life of the nozzle and the cold spray nozzle. The object is to provide a cold spray device using a nozzle.

本発明者らは、検討の結果、ノズル材料の一部又は全部をガラス、特に耐摩耗性ガラスを用いることによって、上記目的が達成し得ることを知見し、本発明に到達した。   As a result of the study, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by using glass, particularly wear-resistant glass, for part or all of the nozzle material, and have reached the present invention.

本件発明に係るコールドスプレー用ノズルは、先細で円錐状の圧縮部と該圧縮部に連通する先広がりで円錐状の膨張部とを含み、原料粉末の融点又は軟化点より低い温度に加熱した作動ガスを用いて該圧縮部のノズル入口から流入させ、該膨張部先端のノズル出口より超音速流として噴出させるコールドスプレー用ノズルであって、少なくとも前記ノズルの該膨張部が、ガラス材で構成されていることを特徴とするものである。
The nozzle for cold spray according to the present invention includes a tapered conical compression portion and a conical and expanded expansion portion communicating with the compression portion, and is heated to a temperature lower than the melting point or softening point of the raw material powder. A cold spray nozzle that uses gas to flow from the nozzle inlet of the compression section and ejects it as a supersonic flow from the nozzle outlet at the tip of the expansion section, and at least the expansion section of the nozzle is made of a glass material. It is characterized by that.

そして、本件発明に係るコールドスプレー用ノズルは、その全体がガラス材で構成されていることが好ましい。   And it is preferable that the nozzle for cold spray which concerns on this invention is comprised with the glass material as a whole.

また、本件発明に係るコールドスプレー用ノズルは、その全体がガラス材を用いた一体成形品であることが好ましい。   Further, the cold spray nozzle according to the present invention is preferably an integrally molded product using a glass material as a whole.

更に、本件発明に係るコールドスプレー用ノズルを構成するガラス材は、ケイ酸ガラス又はケイ酸アルカリガラスを用いることが好ましい。   Furthermore, it is preferable to use a silicate glass or an alkali silicate glass as the glass material constituting the cold spray nozzle according to the present invention.

本件発明に係るコールドスプレー装置は、原料粉末を供給する原料粉末供給手段と、作動ガス及び搬送ガスを供給するガス供給手段と、該原料粉末の融点又は軟化点より低い温度に加熱した該作動ガスを用いて超音速流として噴出させるコールドスプレー用ノズルを備えたコールドスプレーガンとを含むコールドスプレー装置であって、該コールドスプレー用ノズルに請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のコールドスプレー用ノズルを用いたことを特徴とする。
The cold spray apparatus according to the present invention includes a raw material powder supply means for supplying a raw material powder, a gas supply means for supplying a working gas and a carrier gas, and the working gas heated to a temperature lower than the melting point or softening point of the raw material powder. A cold spray device comprising a cold spray gun provided with a cold spray nozzle for jetting as a supersonic flow using the nozzle, and the cold spray nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 4 It is characterized by using.

本発明に係るコールドスプレー用ノズル及び該ノズルを用いたコールドスプレー装置は、操業時の原料粉末のノズルへの付着及びこれに起因するノズルの閉塞を大幅に減少でき、ノズルの長寿命化が達成できるので、ノズルの頻繁な交換が不要となる。また、ノズルをガラスで成形しているので、安価で、かつガラスをノズル材料とするため加工性に優れる。   The nozzle for cold spray and the cold spray apparatus using the nozzle according to the present invention can greatly reduce the adhesion of the raw material powder to the nozzle during operation and the nozzle clogging resulting from this, thereby achieving a longer life of the nozzle. As a result, frequent replacement of the nozzles becomes unnecessary. Further, since the nozzle is formed of glass, it is inexpensive and has excellent workability because glass is used as the nozzle material.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について、図面を参照しつつ詳述する。図1は、本発明に係るコールドスプレー用ノズルの一実施形態を示す概略断面図である。   Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a cold spray nozzle according to the present invention.

図1において、コールドスプレー用ノズル1は、端部にノズル入口1aを有する先細で円錐状の圧縮部1bとこれに連通し、端部にノズル出口1dを有する先広がりで円錐状の膨張部1cとからなる。本発明に係るコールドスプレー用ノズルは、少なくとも上記した圧縮部1bと膨張部1cを有していればよく、その他の形状は任意である。例えば圧縮部1bと膨張部1cとの間に狭小なのど部を設けたり、膨張部1cのノズル出口側に筒状の平行部を設けてもよい。なお、図1において、矢線は原料粉末の流れを示す。   In FIG. 1, a cold spray nozzle 1 is connected to a tapered conical compression portion 1b having a nozzle inlet 1a at an end portion thereof, and a widening and conical expansion portion 1c having a nozzle outlet 1d at an end portion thereof. It consists of. The cold spray nozzle according to the present invention only needs to have at least the compression portion 1b and the expansion portion 1c described above, and other shapes are arbitrary. For example, a narrow throat portion may be provided between the compression portion 1b and the expansion portion 1c, or a cylindrical parallel portion may be provided on the nozzle outlet side of the expansion portion 1c. In addition, in FIG. 1, an arrow line shows the flow of raw material powder.

本発明では、少なくとも上記膨張部1cがガラス材によって成形される。膨張部1cは、最も原料粉末が付着し易く、これに起因するノズルの閉塞が最も生じ易いので、この部分をガラス材で成形することによって原料粉末の付着及びこれに起因するノズルの閉塞を大幅に減少することができる。   In the present invention, at least the expanding portion 1c is formed of a glass material. The expanding portion 1c is most likely to adhere to the raw material powder, and the nozzle is most likely to be clogged. Therefore, forming this portion with a glass material greatly increases the adhering of the raw material powder and the resulting clogging of the nozzle. Can be reduced.

本発明では、上述のように、少なくとも上記膨張部1cがガラス材によって成形され、上記圧縮部1b等の他の部分は従来より用いられているノズル材料であるステンレス鋼等で成形してもよいが、好ましくは他の部分も含めた全体がガラス材によって構成されていることが望ましい。全体がガラス材によって構成されることにより、膨張部1cのみならず圧縮部1b等においても、原料粉末の付着及びこれに起因するノズルの閉塞を大幅に減少することができる。また、ノズル1の全体がガラス材により一体成形されることが経済性及び内周壁に凹凸を形成しないという観点から望ましい。   In the present invention, as described above, at least the expansion portion 1c may be formed of a glass material, and other portions such as the compression portion 1b may be formed of stainless steel, which is a conventionally used nozzle material. However, it is preferable that the whole including other parts is made of a glass material. By being entirely composed of a glass material, not only the expanding portion 1c but also the compressing portion 1b and the like can significantly reduce the adhesion of the raw material powder and the nozzle clogging resulting therefrom. Further, it is desirable that the entire nozzle 1 is integrally formed of a glass material from the viewpoint of economy and not forming irregularities on the inner peripheral wall.

ガラス材で構成する膨張部1c等の製造方法は、特に限定されないが、金型を用いた熱プレス成形等が一般的である。   Although the manufacturing method of the expansion part 1c etc. which are comprised with glass material is not specifically limited, The hot press molding etc. which used the metal mold | die are common.

成形されるガラス材料は、特に限定されず、ケイ酸ガラス、ケイ酸アルカリガラス、ソーダ石灰ガラス、カリ石灰ガラス、鉛ガラス、バリウムガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラス等が例示されるが、耐摩耗性ガラス、具体的にはケイ酸ガラス又はケイ酸アルカリガラスが好ましく用いられる。   The glass material to be molded is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include silicate glass, alkali silicate glass, soda lime glass, potash lime glass, lead glass, barium glass, borosilicate glass, etc., but wear resistant glass, Specifically, silicate glass or alkali silicate glass is preferably used.

図2は、本発明に係るコールドスプレー装置の概略図である。この図2において、ガス供給手段は、圧縮ガスボンベ2、作動ガスライン3及び搬送ガスライン4で形成されている。作動ガスライン3及び搬送ガスライン4には、それぞれ圧力調整器5a、5b、流量調節弁6a、6b、流量計7a、7b及び圧力ゲージ8a、8bが備えられ、圧縮ガスボンベ2からの作動ガス及び搬送ガスの圧力及び流量を調整している。   FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cold spray apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 2, the gas supply means is formed of a compressed gas cylinder 2, a working gas line 3, and a carrier gas line 4. The working gas line 3 and the carrier gas line 4 are provided with pressure regulators 5a and 5b, flow rate regulating valves 6a and 6b, flow meters 7a and 7b, and pressure gauges 8a and 8b, respectively, and working gas from the compressed gas cylinder 2 and The pressure and flow rate of the carrier gas are adjusted.

作動ガスライン3には、電力源9により加熱されるヒーター10が配置され、作動ガスは、原料粉末の融点又は軟化点より低い温度に加熱された後、コールドスプレーガン11中のチャンバー12内に導入される。チャンバー12には、圧力計13と温度計14が設置され、圧力及び温度を制御している。   The working gas line 3 is provided with a heater 10 heated by an electric power source 9, and the working gas is heated to a temperature lower than the melting point or softening point of the raw material powder, and then placed in the chamber 12 in the cold spray gun 11. be introduced. A pressure gauge 13 and a thermometer 14 are installed in the chamber 12 to control pressure and temperature.

一方、原料粉末供給手段は、原料粉末供給装置15、これに付設される計量器16及び原料粉末供給ライン17により構成される。   On the other hand, the raw material powder supply means includes a raw material powder supply device 15, a meter 16 attached thereto, and a raw material powder supply line 17.

圧縮ガスボンベ2からの搬送ガスは、搬送ガスライン4を通り、原料粉末供給装置15に導入され、計量器16により計量された所定量の原料粉末を原料粉末供給ライン17を経て、チャンバー12内に搬送する。   The carrier gas from the compressed gas cylinder 2 passes through the carrier gas line 4, is introduced into the raw material powder supply device 15, and a predetermined amount of raw material powder measured by the measuring device 16 passes through the raw material powder supply line 17 into the chamber 12. Transport.

ここで用いられる原料粉末としては、金属、合金、金属間化合物等が挙げられるが、具体的にはニッケル、鉄、銀、クロム又はこれらの合金の粉末が例示される。   Examples of the raw material powder used here include metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds, and the like. Specifically, nickel, iron, silver, chromium, or a powder of these alloys is exemplified.

搬送ガスによりチャンバー12内に搬送された原料粉末は、上記作動ガスを用いて超音速流としてノズル1先端より噴出され、固相状態(一定の液層は含む場合がある。従って、セミソリッドの状態を含む。)のままで、基材18に衝突させて皮膜を形成する。   The raw material powder transported into the chamber 12 by the transport gas is ejected from the tip of the nozzle 1 as a supersonic flow using the working gas, and is in a solid state (a certain liquid layer may be included. In this state, the film is made to collide with the base material 18 to form a film.

ここに用いられるノズル1は、上述したように、先細で円錐状の圧縮部1bと該圧縮部1bに連通する先広がりで円錐状の膨張部1cとを含み、少なくと該膨張部1cがガラスによって成形されている。   As described above, the nozzle 1 used here includes a tapered conical compression portion 1b and a conical expansion portion 1c that communicates with the compression portion 1b, and at least the expansion portion 1c is made of glass. Is molded by.

このため、上述したように、コールドスプレー操業時の原料粉末のノズルへの付着及びこれに起因するノズルの閉塞を大幅に減少できる。   For this reason, as described above, the adhesion of the raw material powder to the nozzle during the cold spray operation and the clogging of the nozzle due to this can be greatly reduced.

以下、実施例等に基づき本発明を具体的に説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples and the like.

図1に示されるコールドスプレー用ノズルを、ケイ酸ガラス(石英ガラス)を用いて一体成形して得た。このコールドスプレー用ノズルを、図2に示した構成のコールドスプレー装置で用いて、コールドスプレー操作を行った。   The nozzle for cold spray shown in FIG. 1 was obtained by integral molding using silicate glass (quartz glass). The cold spray operation was performed using the cold spray nozzle in the cold spray apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG.

操業条件及び使用装置は、下記の通りである。
原料粉末:SUS−316L
作動ガス及び圧縮ガス:N
作動ガス加熱温度:500℃
ノズル概要 スロート径:φ2mm
出口径 :φ6mm
長 さ :200mm
チャンバーガス圧力:3MPa
Operating conditions and equipment used are as follows.
Raw material powder: SUS-316L
Working gas and compressed gas: N 2
Working gas heating temperature: 500 ° C
Outline of nozzle Throat diameter: φ2mm
Outlet diameter: φ6mm
Length: 200mm
Chamber gas pressure: 3MPa

この結果、1時間操業後においても、コールドスプレー用ノズルの内壁部への原料粉末の付着やノズルの閉塞は生じなかった。   As a result, even after the operation for 1 hour, the adhesion of the raw material powder to the inner wall portion of the nozzle for cold spray and the clogging of the nozzle did not occur.

比較例Comparative example

図1に示されるノズルを、従来より用いられているステンレス鋼を用いて一体成形して得た。このノズルを、図2に示されるコールドスプレー装置で用いて、コールドスプレー操作を行った。このときの操業条件及び使用装置は、実施例1と同様である。   The nozzle shown in FIG. 1 was obtained by integral molding using conventionally used stainless steel. A cold spray operation was performed using this nozzle in the cold spray apparatus shown in FIG. The operating conditions and the equipment used at this time are the same as in Example 1.

この結果、5分後にノズルの膨張部の内壁面に原料粉末の付着が始まり、6分後には、ノズルが閉塞してしまった。   As a result, adhesion of the raw material powder started on the inner wall surface of the expanded portion of the nozzle after 5 minutes, and after 6 minutes, the nozzle was blocked.

本発明に係るコールドスプレー用ノズル及び該ノズルを用いたコールドスプレー装置により、コールドスプレー操業時の原料粉末のノズルへの付着及びこれに起因するノズルの閉塞を大幅に減少でき、ノズルの長寿命化が達成できる。このため、ノズルの頻繁な交換が不要となる。また、ノズルがガラスで成形されているので安価であり、かつノズル材料がガラスであるため加工性に優れる。従って、本発明は、コールドスプレー技術の実用化にとって極めて有用である。   With the cold spray nozzle and the cold spray apparatus using the nozzle according to the present invention, the adhesion of the raw material powder to the nozzle during cold spray operation and the nozzle clogging caused by this can be greatly reduced, and the life of the nozzle is extended. Can be achieved. For this reason, frequent replacement of the nozzles becomes unnecessary. In addition, since the nozzle is formed of glass, it is inexpensive, and since the nozzle material is glass, the workability is excellent. Therefore, the present invention is extremely useful for practical application of cold spray technology.

図1は、本発明に係るコールドスプレー用ノズルの一実施形態を示す概略断面図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a cold spray nozzle according to the present invention. 図2は、本発明に係るコールドスプレー装置の概略図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cold spray apparatus according to the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1:コールドスプレー用ノズル
1a:ノズル入口
1b:圧縮部
1c:膨張部
1d:ノズル出口
2:圧縮ガスボンベ
3:作動ガスライン
4:搬送ガスライン
5a、5b:圧力調整器
6a、6b:流量調節弁
7a、7b:流量計
8a、8b:圧力ゲージ
9:電力源
10:ヒーター
11:コールドスプレーガン
12:チャンバー
13: 圧力計
14:温度計
15:原料粉末供給装置
16:計量器
17:原料粉末供給ライン
18:基材
矢線:原料粉末の流れ
1: Cold spray nozzle 1a: Nozzle inlet 1b: Compression part 1c: Expansion part 1d: Nozzle outlet 2: Compressed gas cylinder 3: Working gas line 4: Carrier gas line 5a, 5b: Pressure regulators 6a, 6b: Flow rate regulating valve 7a, 7b: Flow meters 8a, 8b: Pressure gauge 9: Power source 10: Heater 11: Cold spray gun 12: Chamber 13: Pressure gauge 14: Thermometer 15: Raw material powder supply device 16: Meter 17: Raw material powder supply Line 18: Base material arrow: Flow of raw material powder

Claims (5)

先細で円錐状の圧縮部と該圧縮部に連通する先広がりで円錐状の膨張部とを含み、原料粉末の融点又は軟化点より低い温度に加熱した作動ガスを用いて該圧縮部のノズル入口から流入させ、該膨張部先端のノズル出口より超音速流として噴出させるコールドスプレー用ノズルであって、
少なくとも前記ノズルの該膨張部が、ガラス材で構成されていることを特徴とするコールドスプレー用ノズル。
Nozzle inlet of the compression section using a working gas heated to a temperature lower than the melting point or softening point of the raw material powder, including a tapered conical compression section and a widening conical expansion section communicating with the compression section A nozzle for cold spray that is made to flow in and is ejected as a supersonic flow from the nozzle outlet at the tip of the expansion part,
A nozzle for cold spray, wherein at least the expansion portion of the nozzle is made of a glass material.
前記ノズルは、その全体がガラス材で構成されている請求項1記載のコールドスプレー用ノズル。 The nozzle for cold spray according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is entirely made of a glass material. 前記ノズルは、その全体がガラス材を用いた一体成形品である請求項2記載のコールドスプレー用ノズル。 The nozzle for cold spray according to claim 2, wherein the nozzle is an integrally molded product using a glass material as a whole. 前記ガラス材は、ケイ酸ガラス又はケイ酸アルカリガラスである請求項1、2又は3記載のコールドスプレー用ノズル。 The nozzle for cold spray according to claim 1, wherein the glass material is silicate glass or alkali silicate glass. 原料粉末を供給する原料粉末供給手段と、作動ガス及び搬送ガスを供給するガス供給手段と、該原料粉末の融点又は軟化点より低い温度に加熱した該作動ガスを用いて超音速流として噴出させるコールドスプレー用ノズルを備えたコールドスプレーガンとを含むコールドスプレー装置であって、
該コールドスプレー用ノズルに請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のコールドスプレー用ノズルを用いたことを特徴とするコールドスプレー装置。
And the raw material powder supply means for supplying a raw material powder, a gas supplying means for supplying a working gas and carrier gas, is ejected as a supersonic flow by using the working gas heated to a temperature below the melting point or softening point of the raw material powder A cold spray device comprising a cold spray gun with a cold spray nozzle,
A cold spray device using the cold spray nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 4 as the cold spray nozzle.
JP2006281673A 2006-10-16 2006-10-16 Nozzle for cold spray and cold spray device Active JP4787127B2 (en)

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