JP4768391B2 - Pet food - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pet food containing an unsaturated fatty acid-containing fat.

  Due to the pet boom, the number of pets is increasing, and accordingly, adult illnesses in humans such as pet obesity, diabetes, and liver diseases are increasing due to aging of pets, lack of exercise, overnutrition and the like. In addition, dogs and cats who become obese due to hormonal imbalance after contraceptive surgery are increasing.

Many pet foods for preventing such obesity and weight gain have been developed. For example, extracts of laurel leaves that are amylase inhibitors (Patent Document 1), lipase inhibitors such as hesperidin (Patent Document 2), maitake powder and / or maitake extract (Patent Document 3), high unsaturated fatty acid content Pet foods containing oils and fats (Patent Document 4) and the like are known. There is also a technology that promotes the anti-obesity effect, improves the long-term storage stability of pet food when using fats and oils with high diacylglycerol content and unsaturated fatty acid content and high blending of minerals (patent) Reference 5).
JP 05-192092 A JP 09-187230 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-38069 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-217710 JP 2005-204659 A

  Among the aforementioned pet foods, those using fats and oils having a high unsaturated fatty acid content as constituent fatty acids are easily oxidized. This is particularly noticeable in pet foods that use oils and fats that have a high content of diacylglycerol, which easily contains water, and a high content of unsaturated fatty acids having two or more double bonds, and further contain mineral components. Therefore, in Patent Document 5, when a mineral component is highly blended in pet food, an attempt is made to solve the problem by blending a certain amount or more of vitamin C derivative. However, it has been found that the solubility of vitamin C derivatives in fats and oils is limited, and sufficient long-term storage stability cannot always be obtained.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a pet food excellent in long-term storage stability even when a certain amount of mineral components are contained.

Therefore, the present inventors have focused on mineral components in pet foods containing high fat content of diacylglycerol and high fat content of unsaturated fatty acids having two or more double bonds. It has been found that the above problem can be solved if the mixing ratio of the copper ions is within a specific range.
That is, the present invention includes the following components (A), (B) and (C):
(A) 3-50 mass% of fats and oils whose diacylglycerol content in fats and oils is 5 mass% or more and whose unsaturated fatty acid content containing two or more double bonds in the constituent fatty acids is 20 mass% or more,
(B) natural antioxidants or derivatives thereof,
(C) Minerals containing iron ions and copper ions in an amount satisfying the following formula (1)
[Cu (mg / kg)] + [Fe (mg / kg)] / 10 ≦ 80 (1)
A pet food containing the above is provided.

  The pet food of the present invention is excellent in long-term storage stability, and does not change in odor or decrease in palatability even after long-term storage. Moreover, since the unsaturated fatty acid content is high and the diacylglycerol content is also high, the anti-obesity effect is excellent.

  Examples of the fats and oils used in the pet food of the present invention include safflower oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, sesame oil, lard, beef tallow, fish oil, milk fat and the like. However, it is not limited to those blended as fats and oils, and includes oils and fats contained in other plant raw materials or animal raw materials.

  The pet food of the present invention is required to have a diacylglycerol content of 5% by mass (hereinafter simply referred to as “%”) or more in fats and oils. Further, diacylglycerol is preferably contained in an oil and fat in an amount of 20 to 85%, more preferably 25 to 50%, from the viewpoint of an obesity preventing effect.

  In diacylglycerol, 80 to 100% of the constituent fatty acids are preferably unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), more preferably 90 to 100%, further 93 to 100%, particularly 93 to 98%, and particularly 94 to 98%. It is preferable from the viewpoint of obesity prevention effect. Here, it is preferable that carbon number of this unsaturated fatty acid is 14-24, and also 16-22.

  Of the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol, the content of oleic acid is 20 to 65%, preferably 25 to 60%, particularly 30 to 50%, and particularly 30 to 45%. Is preferable.

  Among the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol, the content of linoleic acid is 15 to 65%, preferably 20 to 60%, particularly 30 to 55%, particularly 35 to 50%. Is preferable. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of oxidation stability and anti-obesity effect, the content mass ratio of linoleic acid / oleic acid in diacylglycerol is 0.01 to 2.0, more preferably 0.1 to 1.8, especially 0.3 to 1. .7 is preferable.

  Among the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol, the content of linolenic acid is less than 15%, preferably 0 to 13%, more preferably 1 to 10%, especially 2 to 9%. It is preferable in terms of stability. As linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid and γ-linolenic acid are known as isomers, and α-linolenic acid is preferable.

  Of the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol, the content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) is preferably less than 20%, more preferably 0 to 10%, even more preferably 0 to 7%, especially 2 to 7%, especially 2 to 2. 6% is preferable from the viewpoints of obesity prevention effect, intake, and oxidative stability. As the saturated fatty acid, those having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, particularly 16 to 22 carbon atoms are preferable, and palmitic acid and stearic acid are particularly preferable.

  In the fatty acid constituting diacylglycerol, the content of fatty acid having 12 or less carbon atoms is preferably 5% or less from the viewpoint of flavor and ingestion, more preferably 0 to 2%, particularly 0 to 1%, It is particularly preferred not to include it. The remaining constituent fatty acids preferably have 14 to 24 carbon atoms, particularly 16 to 22 carbon atoms.

  From the viewpoint of obesity prevention effect, diacylglycerol in which the ratio of 1,3-diacylglycerol in diacylglycerol is 50% or more, more preferably 52 to 100%, further 54 to 90%, particularly 56 to 80%. It is preferable to use it.

  Although diacylglycerol may contain what is contained in the above-mentioned natural fats and oils, in order to adjust the content of diacylglycerol, esterification reaction of fatty acid derived from fats and oils and glycerin, fats and oils and glycerin It is preferable to blend those obtained by transesterification with

  Diacylglycerol is, for example, (1) an oil or fat containing 20% or more of an unsaturated fatty acid having two or more double bonds in the constituent fatty acid (eg, safflower oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, Oils selected from soybean oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, sesame oil; lard, beef tallow, fish oil, milk fat, or fractionated oils thereof, randomized oil, hardened oil, transesterified oil) and glycerin, alkali metal Or it can be transesterified in the presence of an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or (2) can be obtained by esterification of these fatty acid-derived fatty acid mixtures having a content of 20% or more of these fatty acids with glycerin. . At this time, two or more kinds of fats and oils may be mixed. These reactions can also be carried out by a chemical reaction using an alkali catalyst or the like as described above, but the reaction is performed under mild conditions via an enzyme such as a 1,3-position selective lipase, It is preferable in terms of oxidation stability and palatability.

  Further, in the pet food of the present invention, it is necessary that the content of unsaturated fatty acids having two or more double bonds in the fatty acids constituting the fats and oils is 20% or more. From this point, it is preferably 20 to 90%, more preferably 23 to 80%, and particularly preferably 25 to 70%. Examples of unsaturated fatty acids having two or more double bonds include unsaturated fatty acids having 18 to 24 carbon atoms such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, EPA, DHA, and arachidonic acid.

  Fatty acids constituting the fats and oils used in the present invention include unsaturated fatty acids having one double bond and saturated fatty acids in addition to unsaturated fatty acids having two or more double bonds. Examples of the unsaturated fatty acid having one double bond include unsaturated fatty acids having 16 to 24 carbon atoms such as oleic acid and palmitooleic acid.

  The oil and fat in the pet food of the present invention contains triacylglycerol in addition to it, and may contain some monoacylglycerol, free fatty acid and the like. These include those contained in the fats and oils contained in the produced diacylglycerol-containing fats and oils, plant raw materials to be blended, or animal raw materials in addition to those contained in the natural fats and oils described above. In particular, the content of free fatty acids in fats and oils is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, even more preferably 5% or less, particularly 2% in terms of ease of occurrence of unpleasant odor from fats and oils. In the following, it is particularly preferably 1% or less.

  The content of component (A) fat in pet food is 3 to 50% from the viewpoint of anti-obesity effect and removal of unpleasant odor of pet food, but is further 5 to 45%, particularly 5 to 40%, especially 10 to 10. 30% is preferred.

  The pet food of the present invention needs to contain a natural antioxidant or a derivative thereof as component (B). As component (B), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), ascorbic acid palmitate, ascorbic acid stearate, or a mixture thereof as a derivative thereof; organic acids such as citric acid; carotenoids such as β-carotene, lycopene, rutin, and astaxanthin; α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol tocopherols; herbal extracts such as rosemary extract, turmeric extract, sage extract; polyphenols such as catechin, saponin, flavonoid, anthocyanin, etc. One type or two or more types selected can be used. These natural antioxidants or derivatives thereof are 0.01% or more, more preferably 0.01 to 1%, particularly 0.02 to 0.5% with respect to the component (A). It is preferable from the point of obesity prevention effect.

Although the pet food of this invention contains a mineral as a component (C), it is necessary to satisfy | fill following Formula (1) about content of the iron ion and copper ion in pet food.
[Cu (mg / kg)] + [Fe (mg / kg)] / 10 ≦ 80 (1)
When not satisfy | filling Formula (1), the said mineral component acts as a catalyst, the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid is accelerated | stimulated, and the storage stability of pet food falls. The range of [Cu (mg / kg)] + [Fe (mg / kg)] / 10 is 70 or less, especially 10 to 70, especially 10 to 60, from the viewpoint of nutritional balance and storage stability. preferable. Further, the lower limit of each mineral is preferably 80 mg / kg for iron ions and 7.3 mg / kg for copper ions from the viewpoint of nutrition. The upper limit values are 727 mg / kg for iron ions and 72 mg / kg for copper ions. Is preferable from the viewpoint of oxidation stability.

  The pet food of the present invention may contain manganese, cobalt, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, etc., in addition to copper and iron as minerals. These minerals are blended as, for example, copper sulfate, iron sulfate, manganese oxide, cobalt carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and the like.

  The pet food of the present invention preferably further contains a carbohydrate. Examples of the carbohydrate source include monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, dietary fibers, and starches. Starches include waxy corn starch, corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch, glutinous rice starch, potato starch, honeydew starch, tapioca starch, sago starch, or those that have been chemically treated or chemically modified. Can be mentioned. Carbohydrates may be contained as cereals, and examples of cereals include wheat, rye, mica, rice, fin, awa, amaranth and quinoa. Carbohydrates are contained in pet food in an amount of 10 to 70%, further 20 to 60%, particularly 30 to 50%, so that the economy, anti-obesity effect, intake, stool condition, and appearance are healthy and beautiful. It is preferable from the point.

  In the pet food of the present invention, it is preferable that animal or plant protein is further included from the viewpoint of obesity prevention effect, ingestion, nutritional balance, and healthy appearance, but from the viewpoint of feeding properties, Sex proteins are preferred. Examples of animal protein include milk protein such as casein, but animal meat protein is preferable from the viewpoint of obesity prevention effect and ingestion. Such animal meat proteins include cattle, pigs, sheep, rabbits, kangaroos and other meats and beef, and by-products and processed products thereof; chickens, turkeys, quail and other bird meats and by-products and processed products thereof. Fish meat such as fish and white fish, and by-products and processed products thereof; rendering of the above-mentioned raw materials such as meat meal, meat bone meal, chicken meal, fish meal and the like. Of these, chicken and fish are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of preventing obesity. In the case of using a mixture of a plurality of meat proteins, it is preferable to contain 30 to 100%, particularly 50 to 100%, of chicken and / or fish meat in the meat.

  As the vegetable protein, soybean protein, wheat protein, wheat gluten, corn gluten and the like are preferable.

  The animal or vegetable protein of the present invention is preferably contained in an amount of 5 to 70%, more preferably 10 to 60%, especially 15 to 40% in terms of loss on drying.

  The pet food of the present invention may further contain a plant sterol. The plant sterol is preferably contained in the pet food in an amount of 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.5% or more in terms of cholesterol lowering effect. Moreover, the upper limit of plant sterol content should just be the range of 0.1 to 30%. Examples of plant sterols include free forms such as α-sitosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, α-sitostanol, β-sitostanol, stigmasteranol, campestanol, and cycloartenol, and the like. And fatty acid esters, ferulic acid esters, cinnamic acid esters and the like.

  The pet food of the present invention can further contain bran, potatoes, vegetables, vitamins and the like. As rice bran, rice bran, bran or the like is used, and as rice cake, soybean meal is used. Examples of vegetables include vegetable extracts. Examples of vitamins include A, B1, B2, D, E, niacin, pantothenic acid, carotene and the like, preferably 0.05 to 10%. In addition, a gelling agent, a shape-retaining agent, a pH adjuster, a seasoning, an antiseptic, a nutrition reinforcing agent and the like that are generally used in pet foods can also be contained. In addition, in the manufacturing process, it is preferable to manufacture while substituting with an inert gas such as nitrogen or degassing for the purpose of suppressing the oxidation of fats and oils because it is particularly effective in the heating step. The pet food of the present invention may be in any form such as a dry type, a wet type, a semi-moist type, a jerky type, a biscuit type, a gum type, a granular shape, a powdery shape, or a soup shape.

Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
Using the fats and oils with a high content of diacylglycerol shown in Table 1, a pet food is produced using an extruder according to the formulation shown in Table 2, and stored for 12 weeks in an environment at a temperature of 40 ° C. and a relative humidity of 75%. Extraction was conducted, and the peroxide value (POV) was measured. The results are shown in Table 3. The POV immediately after the production of the pet food was 3 meq / kg.

[Oil and fat extraction method]
The extraction method of fats and oils from pet food was performed according to the following procedure. 50 g of pet food was crushed and passed through a 1 mm sieve. The sample was filled into a cylindrical filter paper and set in an open column with a cock. With the cock closed, 150 mL of diethyl ether was dropped from above with a dropping funnel, and after completion of dropping, the column cock was opened to collect diethyl ether. Next, the same operation was performed with 50 mL of diethyl ether. The recovered diethyl ether was removed by topping to obtain an extracted fat from pet food.

[POV measurement method]
The POV of fats and oils extracted from pet food was performed according to the following procedure. 5 g of the extracted fat was weighed into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask and dissolved in 30 mL of a solution of acetic acid / chloroform = 3/1 (volume ratio). 0.5 mL of saturated potassium iodide solution was added to the flask and shaken well for 1 minute. Thereafter, 30 mL of distilled water was added, and 0.5 mL of 1% starch solution was further added to obtain a titration sample. The titration sample was titrated with 0.01N sodium thiosulfate. When the purple color disappeared, the titration amount was substituted into the following formula as an end point to obtain a POV value.
POV (meq / kg) = A × F / S × 10
A: Amount of 0.01N sodium thiosulfate (mL)
F: 0.01N sodium thiosulfate factor
S: Sample amount (g)
Table 3 shows the fatty acid composition and glyceride composition of the fat and oil extracted from the pet food.

As shown in Table 2, even in the case of containing an antioxidant in a pet food containing a high-contained diacylglycerol oil containing 20% or more of unsaturated fatty acids containing 2 or more double bonds in the constituent fatty acids, copper ions And when the content of iron ions does not satisfy the formula (1) (Comparative Examples 1 and 2), it was found that the storage stability was low even if the amount of mineral components was small (Comparative Example 2). .
On the other hand, it was found that the product of the present invention satisfying the formula (1) has excellent storage stability even if there are many mineral components.

Claims (3)

The following components (A), (B) and (C):
(A) 3-50 mass% of fats and oils whose diacylglycerol content in fats and oils is 5 mass% or more and whose unsaturated fatty acid content containing two or more double bonds in the constituent fatty acids is 20 mass% or more,
(B) a naturally occurring antioxidant or derivative thereof,
(C) A mineral containing iron ions and copper ions in an amount satisfying the following formula (1) [Cu (mg / kg)] + [Fe (mg / kg)] / 10 ≦ 70 (1)
{In Formula (1), Cu and Fe are copper ions and iron ions in pet food.
Content is shown, Cu is 7.3 or more, Fe is 80 or more}
Containing pet food.   Component (B) natural antioxidant or derivative thereof is one or more selected from ascorbic acid or derivatives thereof, organic acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, herbal extracts, and polyphenols or derivatives thereof The pet food according to claim 1.   The pet food according to claim 1 or 2, comprising 0.01% by mass or more of component (B) with respect to component (A).