JP5219785B2 - Pet food - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pet food.

  Due to the pet boom, the number of pets is increasing, and along with this, adult illnesses in humans such as pet obesity, diabetes and liver disease are increasing due to aging of pets, lack of exercise, overnutrition and the like. In addition, dogs and cats who become obese due to hormonal imbalance after contraceptive surgery are increasing.

Many pet foods for preventing such obesity and weight gain have been developed. For example, a pet food blended with an extract of bay leaf, which is an amylase inhibitor (Patent Document 1), a lipase inhibitor such as hesperidin (Patent Document 2), maitake powder and / or maitake extract (Patent Document 3), etc. Are known. Moreover, it is not a technique limited to pet food, but a technique for improving lipid metabolism by flour containing a high content of amylose (Patent Document 4), a technique for containing a certain amount of high amylose starch in pet food (Patent Document 5) There is. Furthermore, there is a technique (Patent Document 6) in which barley, corn, and sorghum are contained in pet food at a certain ratio as flour for adjusting blood glucose response after meals.
JP 05-192092 A JP 09-187230 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-38069 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-279487 JP 2005-095174 A Japanese translation of PCT publication No. 2002-510474

  However, since these pet foods contain a special substance, there are cases in which intake is reduced, stool odor is changed, or the amount of stool is increased. In addition, amylose is difficult to digest, so if it is contained in a high amount in pet food, the stool becomes soft and may cause inconvenience.

  The subject of this invention is providing the pet food which is excellent in the prevention or suppression effect of obesity, can maintain a favorable state of a stool, without ingestion falling.

The present inventors have found that a desired pet food can be obtained by containing diacylglyceride, mainly corn and sorghum as carbohydrates, and containing a small amount of barley therein.
That is, the present invention contains diacyl glyceride and carbohydrate, corn, sorghum and barley as a carbohydrate source, corn and sorghum in a total amount of 70% by mass or more in carbohydrate, and barley in 0.1% in carbohydrate. A pet food containing -10% by mass is provided.

  The pet food of the present invention is excellent in pet obesity prevention or suppression effect and weight gain suppression effect, and can keep the stool volume and stool state of the pet well.

  The pet food of the present invention contains diacyl glyceride. The content of diacyl glyceride is preferably 10 to 85% by mass (hereinafter simply referred to as%) in the total fat and oil contained in the pet food from the viewpoint of the obesity prevention effect, and more preferably 20 to 80%. More preferably, it is 25 to 50%.

In the diacyl glyceride, 80 to 100% of the constituent fatty acid is preferably unsaturated fatty acid (UFA), more preferably 90 to 100%, further 93 to 100%, particularly 93 to 98%, particularly 94 to 98%. It is preferable from the viewpoint of obesity prevention effect. Here, it is preferable that carbon number of this unsaturated fatty acid is 14-24, and also 16-22.
Among fatty acids constituting diacyl glycerides, the content of linoleic acid is 15 to 65%, more preferably 20 to 60%, still more 30 to 55%, and particularly 35 to 50%, in terms of obesity prevention effect and ingestion. Is preferable. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of oxidation stability and anti-obesity effect, the content mass ratio of linoleic acid / oleic acid in diacyl glyceride is 0.01 to 2.0, more preferably 0.1 to 1.8, especially 0.3 to 1. .7 is preferable.
Among fatty acids constituting diacyl glycerides, the content of linolenic acid is less than 15%, more preferably 0 to 13%, even more 1 to 10%, especially 2 to 9%. It is preferable in terms of stability. As linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid and γ-linolenic acid are known as isomers, and α-linolenic acid is preferred.

  Of the fatty acids constituting the diacyl glyceride, the content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) is preferably less than 20%, more preferably 0 to 10%, further 0 to 7%, especially 2 to 7%, especially 2 to 6. % Is preferable from the viewpoint of obesity prevention effect, ingestion, and oxidative stability. As the saturated fatty acid, those having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and more preferably 16 to 22 carbon atoms are preferable, and palmitic acid and stearic acid are particularly preferable.

  In the fatty acid constituting the diacyl glyceride, the content of the fatty acid having 12 or less carbon atoms is preferably 5% or less from the viewpoint of flavor and ingestibility, more preferably 0 to 2%, particularly 0 to 1%, substantially. It is particularly preferred not to include it. The remaining constituent fatty acids preferably have 14 to 24 carbon atoms, particularly 16 to 22 carbon atoms.

  Further, from the viewpoint of obesity prevention effect, diacyl glyceride in which the ratio of 1,3-diacyl glyceride in diacyl glyceride is 50% or more, further 52 to 100%, further 54 to 90%, particularly 56 to 80% is used. Is preferred.

  Diacyl glyceride may contain what is contained in the above-mentioned natural fats and oils, but in order to adjust the content of diacyl glyceride, esterification reaction of fatty acid derived from fats and oils and glycerin, fats and oils and glycerin. It is preferable to blend those obtained by transesterification with

  The diacylglyceride is, for example, (1) an oil or fat containing 20% or more of a highly unsaturated fatty acid in the constituent fatty acid (eg, safflower oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, palm oil, sunflower oil) Linseed oil, sesame oil, lard, beef tallow, fish oil, milk fat, or fractionated oils thereof, randomized oil, hydrogenated oil, transesterified oil) and glycerin with alkali metal or alkaline earth metal water It can be transesterified in the presence of an oxide, or (2) can be obtained by esterification reaction of a fatty acid mixture having a highly unsaturated fatty acid content of 20% or more derived from these fats and oils with glycerin. At this time, two or more kinds of fats and oils may be mixed. These reactions can also be carried out by a chemical reaction using an alkali catalyst or the like as described above. However, the reaction is performed under mild conditions via an enzyme such as a 1,3-position selective lipase. It is preferable in terms of stability and palatability.

  In addition, the oil and fat in the pet food of the present invention may contain triacylglycerol, some monoacylglycerol, free fatty acid, and the like. These include those contained in the fats and oils contained in the produced diacylglyceride-containing fats and oils, plant raw materials to be blended, or animal raw materials in addition to those contained in the natural fats and oils described above. In particular, the content of free fatty acids in fats and oils is preferably 20% or less in terms of ease of occurrence of unpleasant odors from fats and oils and in terms of palatability. In particular, it is preferably 1% or less.

  The pet food of the present invention contains carbohydrates and contains corn, sorghum and barley as a carbohydrate source. In the pet food of the present invention, corn and sorghum are the main components of carbohydrates, and barley is contained in a small amount. The total amount of corn and sorghum is 70% or more of the total carbohydrates, preferably 73-99.9%, more preferably 75-99.5%. In the present invention, when cereals are used as they are or simply pulverized, such as corn, sorghum and barley, the amount is evaluated as “amount of carbohydrate”, and these are processed, for example, In the case of including starch or processed starch, the amount of processed starch is included in the “amount of carbohydrate” for evaluation.

  As the corn, a general one can be used, and a high amylose corn as a raw material of the high amylose starch described later can be used. The amount of corn to be added is 5% or more, more preferably 10 to 60%, particularly 15 to 50%, especially 15 to 40% in the carbohydrate. It is preferable from the point of the state.

  Sorghum is a plant belonging to the family Gramineae, also known as Koryang, Bloom corn, also known as Broom sorghum, Sweet sorghum, also known as sorghum, and Grain sorghum, also known as Mylo. . In the present invention, grain sorghum is preferred. Sorghum is contained in carbohydrates in an amount of 3% or more, further 3 to 60%, particularly 5 to 50%, especially 5 to 40%, in view of economy, anti-obesity effect, intake, stool volume and stool condition. To preferred.

  Specific examples of barley include Nijo barley and Rojo barley, and also include mixtures thereof used for feed. Barley contains 0.1 to 10%, more preferably 0.3 to 9%, especially 0.5 to 8% in the carbohydrates, and it is easy to obtain an appropriate amount of stool, and the stool hardness, smell, etc. It is preferable from the point of making it good.

  The pet food of the present invention preferably contains high amylose starch. High amylose starch is starch having an amylose content of 40 to 99%, and in particular, high amylose corn starch, Glacier AC38 of hexagonal barley, su2 corn and the like. As commercial products, high amylose corn starch amylomaize V (amylose content 50-60%), amylomaise VI (amylose content 60-70%), amylomaise VII (amylose content 70-80%) or more manufactured by Nippon Food Processing Co., Ltd. , High amylose corn starch, etc., manufactured by NIPPON CHEMICAL CO., LTD. These high amylose starches are preferably contained in the carbohydrate in an amount of 1% or more, more preferably 2 to 14%, particularly 3 to 20% from the viewpoints of economy, anti-obesity effect, ingestion and fecal condition. In addition, in this invention, when using a high amylose corn starch, this starch amount is considered as a compounding quantity of corn.

  When high amylose starch is contained, it is preferable that the total amount of high amylose starch and barley is 1.1 to 15% in the carbohydrate from the viewpoint of keeping the amount of stool preferable and keeping the stool in a preferable state. In particular, 2 to 12%, and more preferably 3 to 10% are preferable from the viewpoints of economy, stool volume and stool condition. In addition, when high amylose starch is contained, it is preferable that 1-10% of DAG is contained in pet food, and 2-7% is more preferable. Conventionally, in order to obtain a high anti-obesity effect, it is preferable to contain as much diacyl glyceride as possible. However, in the present invention, corn and sorghum have a high content of 70% or more in carbohydrates, By containing amylose starch, a high anti-obesity effect can be obtained even if the DAG content is small.

  The pet food of the present invention preferably further contains 0.5% or more citric acid or a salt thereof in terms of citric acid. Here, examples of the citrate include alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, and alkali metal salts are particularly preferable. The alkali metal salt means a normal salt of citric acid (trialkali metal salt), a monohydrogen dialkali metal salt, and a dihydrogen alkali metal salt. Examples of the alkali metal salt of citric acid include sodium salt and potassium salt, and sodium salt is particularly preferable. In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, sodium citrate represents trisodium citrate (dihydrate).

In addition, “in terms of citric acid” means that citric acid and an alkali metal salt of citric acid (hereinafter also referred to as citric acid) or an alkali metal salt of citric acid only, Is replaced with hydrogen and is regarded as the molecular weight of citric acid to convert the mass.
The pet food of the present invention preferably contains citric acids in an amount of 0.5% or more, more preferably 0.7% or more in terms of citric acid, from the viewpoint of storage stability and palatability. The upper limit of the citric acid content is preferably 3.0%, particularly 2.5% in consideration of palatability and odor during storage.

  The pet food of the present invention preferably has a pH of 3.5 to 7.0. Within this range, pet food oxidation can be effectively suppressed. In particular, when the pet food contains iron, copper, or a compound containing them, and the fats and oils contain unsaturated fatty acids, the oxidation is effectively suppressed and the palatability is improved, which is preferable. It is preferable that the pH is 4.0 to 7.0, more preferably 4.5 to 6.8, since the effect of suppressing oxidation is further enhanced and the odor during storage is improved. In order to include citric acids and make the pH within such a range, there is a method of adding a pH adjusting agent in addition to citric acid. Among such methods, a method using citric acid and citrate in combination is preferable because it is easy to adjust the pH, has good palatability, and has a uniform taste. In particular, it is preferable to use the above-mentioned alkali metal citrate as the citrate.

In addition, "pH of pet food" means pH when pet food is measured by the following method.
<Method for measuring pH of pet food>
Qualitative filter paper (10 g of pet food) was added to 60 mL of ion exchange water at 45 ° C. (preferably ion exchange water having an electric conductivity of 0.01 mS / m or less at 25 ° C.) and allowed to stand for 1 hour. No. 1, manufactured by Advantec) and the pH of the filtrate was measured at 25 ° C.
In addition, when the property of pet food is solid, it is preferable to perform the said stirring operation after grind | pulverizing finely using a mortar etc.

  The pet food of the present invention may contain other carbohydrate sources such as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, dietary fibers, starches, and other cereals.

  Dietary fiber refers to materials that cannot be decomposed by animal digestive enzymes, including water-insoluble dietary fiber and water-soluble dietary fiber. Specific examples of the former include beet fiber, pea fiber, and chicory containing cellulose and hemicellulose. Specific examples of the latter include galactooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide, dairy oligosaccharide, raffinose, lactulose, palatinose oligosaccharide, nigerooligosaccharide, gentiooligosaccharide, etc. Indigestible oligosaccharides, polydextrose, indigestible dextrin, guar gum enzyme degradation product, psyllium seed coat, glucomannan, agar, water-soluble soybean polysaccharide, water-soluble corn fiber, inulin, carboxymethylcellulose, alginic acid and the like. Among these, beet pulp containing both water-insoluble dietary fiber and water-soluble dietary fiber is preferable.

  The pet food of the present invention preferably further contains animal or vegetable protein from the viewpoint of obesity prevention effect, ingestion, and nutritional balance, but animal protein is preferable from the viewpoint of feeding. Examples of animal protein include milk protein such as casein, but animal meat protein is preferable from the viewpoint of obesity prevention effect and ingestion. Such animal meat proteins include cattle, pigs, sheep, rabbits, kangaroos and other meats and beef, and by-products and processed products thereof; chickens, turkeys, quail and other bird meats and by-products and processed products thereof. Fish meat such as fish and white fish, and by-products and processed products thereof; rendering of the above-mentioned raw materials such as meat meal, meat bone meal, chicken meal, fish meal and the like. Of these, chicken and fish are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of preventing obesity. In the case of using a mixture of a plurality of meat proteins, it is preferable to contain 30 to 100%, particularly 50 to 100%, of chicken and / or fish meat in the meat.

  As the vegetable protein, soybean protein, wheat protein, wheat gluten, corn gluten and the like are preferable.

  The animal or vegetable protein of the present invention is preferably contained in an amount of 5 to 70%, more preferably 10 to 60%, particularly 15 to 40% in terms of loss on drying.

  The pet food of the present invention may further contain a plant sterol. The plant sterol is preferably contained in the pet food in an amount of 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.5% or more in terms of cholesterol lowering effect. Further, the upper limit of the plant sterol content may be up to 30%. Examples of plant sterols include free forms such as α-sitosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, α-sitostanol, β-sitostanol, stigmasteranol, campestanol, and cycloartenol, and the like. And fatty acid esters, ferulic acid esters, cinnamic acid esters and the like.

  The pet food of the present invention can further contain bran, potatoes, vegetables, vitamins, minerals and the like. As rice bran, rice bran, bran or the like is used, and as rice cake, soybean meal is used. Examples of vegetables include vegetable extracts. Examples of vitamins include A, B1, B2, D, E, niacin, pantothenic acid, carotene and the like, preferably 0.05 to 10%. Examples of minerals include calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron and the like, and 0.05 to 10% is preferable. In addition, a gelling agent, a shape-preserving agent, a pH adjuster, a seasoning, an antiseptic, a nutrition reinforcing agent and the like that are generally used in pet foods can also be contained. In addition, in the manufacturing process, it is preferable to manufacture while substituting with an inert gas such as nitrogen or degassing for the purpose of suppressing the oxidation of fats and oils because it is particularly effective in the heating step. The pet food of the present invention may be in any form such as a dry type, a wet type, a semi-moist type, a jerky type, a biscuit type, a gum type, a granular shape, a powdery shape, or a soup shape.

  By ingesting the pet food of the present invention, the pet has obesity prevention or suppression effects and weight gain suppression effects. Therefore, the pet food container of the present invention has an effect of preventing pet obesity, an effect of suppressing pet obesity, an effect of suppressing pet weight gain, It is suitable for pets that are worried about obesity. "

Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3
12 general monitor dogs (2 to 6 years old, BCS (Body Conditioning Score) 4 or more) were given the test meals shown in Table 1, and each test meal had anti-obesity effects and palatability (dog bite Good), stool condition and stool volume were evaluated.

[Method of evaluating anti-obesity]
First, the food of Comparative Example 3 was used for one month to determine the weight maintenance calories for each individual. Based on this, the amount of saliva in the overeating state was calculated such that the calorie increased 5% (5% overeating) and 10% (10% overeating) of the weight maintenance calories. The food of Comparative Example 3 was adjusted to 5% overeating and 10% overeating, and each food was divided into 6 dogs for 1 month, and the next month each Each test meal (Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3) having the same calorie content (5% overeating and 10% overeating) was given to the dogs in the group. Calculate the rate of weight gain during the study period for each group, plot the calorie percentage of overeating on the horizontal axis, and the rate of weight gain on the vertical axis, and show the weight increase rate for 5% overeating and 10% overeating in a straight line. It was calculated how many calories to maintain weight and overweight were overeating.

[Evaluation method of stool condition]
The evaluation of stool status is based on the following evaluation criteria for the "hardness", "odor" and "overall evaluation" immediately after defecation. Asked.
・ Stool hardness 5: Hardened 4: Slightly hardened 3: Unchanged 2: Slightly softened 1: Slightly softened Stool odor 5: Smell became weaker 4: Smell became slightly weakened 3: No change 2: Smell became slightly stronger 1: Smell became stronger-Overall rating 5: Improved 4: Slightly improved 3: Slightly improved 2: Slightly worsen 1: Slightly worsen The

[Evaluation method of biting]
Six test meals of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are placed in a dish of 50 g in the same shape and arranged in a place 3 m away from the dog, and 1 for the dogs shown in Table 2. Each head was eaten twice. The order in which the dishes were arranged was changed for each individual. The food that was first eaten was regarded as 1 point, and the total points of each food were evaluated (20 points in total).

  As shown in Table 1, in the case where the diets of Examples 1 to 3 were given, not only the anti-obesity effect was high, but also the palatability of the dog was high and the result was excellent in stool volume and stool state. It was. On the other hand, although the total amount of corn and sorghum is small and the barley-based diet (Comparative Example 1) has a high anti-obesity effect, the amount of stool increases and the owner takes time to process the stool. In addition, when corn and sorghum are blended as the main components in the carbohydrate and there is a large amount of barley (Comparative Example 2), the amount of stool becomes large and the stool state becomes softer, and the stool processing of the owner is further increased It becomes complicated. Moreover, when barley is not mix | blended (comparative example 3), since a stool state is not good, the effort of a stool processing takes.

Claims (4)

Contains diacylglyceride and carbohydrates,
Contains corn, sorghum and barley as a carbohydrate source,
Containing corn and sorghum in a total amount of 70% by weight or more in carbohydrates,
A pet food containing 0.1 to 10% by mass of barley in a carbohydrate.   The pet food according to claim 1, wherein the pet food contains high amylose starch, and a total amount of the high amylose starch and barley is 1.1 to 15% by mass in the carbohydrate.   The pet food according to claim 2, comprising 1 to 10% by mass of diacylglyceride in the pet food.   Furthermore, the pet food in any one of Claims 1-3 which contains 0.5 mass% or more of citric acid or its salt in pet food in conversion of a citric acid.