JP4758028B2 - Crusher - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention completely separates wastes in which non-ferrous metals and plastics are mixed and integrated, such as printed boards used in televisions, office automation equipment, etc., into predetermined non-ferrous metals and plastics, and can be classified and classified. The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus capable of crushing to a diameter.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with the development of electronic technology, various electronic devices such as computers, word processors, televisions, process control devices, etc., are often used on printed boards with electrical wiring, ICs, LSIs, resistors, etc. mounted on plastic plates or in inner layers. ing. These printed boards are made of non-ferrous metals such as copper, nickel, chromium, lead, tin, aluminum, magnesium, gold, platinum, and various plastics. When these are disposed of as they are, the non-ferrous metals dissolve and flow out. However, in recent years, attempts have been made to completely separate non-ferrous metals and plastics from printed bases and to recover non-ferrous metals so that they can be reused as resources.
[0003]
In order to classify and classify non-ferrous metals from the printed board, the printed board is first crushed in the crushing process. Conventionally, a shredder device in which crushing rolls having a large number of crushing blades on the circumferential surface are opposed to each other. After passing through the print substrate, the material was crushed and then sorted by specific gravity separation methods such as wind sorting, vibration sorting, and hydrocyclone method.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the crushing by the shredder device has problems such as non-ferrous metals still attached to the plastic, and the size of the crushed pieces is larger than the diameter suitable for sorting, so that classification and sorting cannot be performed completely and accurately in the sorting process. was there.
[0005]
Therefore, the main problem of the present invention is that the waste, etc., in which plastic such as a printed board and non-ferrous metals are mixed and integrated can be crushed while completely separating the plastic and non-ferrous metals, and is easy to sort. Another object of the present invention is to provide a crushing apparatus capable of crushing into small pulverized pieces, specifically, a uniform crushed piece having a particle size of about 0.3 to 5 mm in order to improve accuracy and sorting accuracy.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention for solving the above problems, the inner wall surface has a circular or polygonal shape in plan view, and a plurality of fixed blades arranged in the vertical direction at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the inner wall surface are fixedly provided, The primary crushing chamber has an inlet for the material to be crushed at the top and a primary crushing piece outlet at the bottom, and communicates with the primary crushing piece outlet of the primary crushing chamber. Or a polygonal shape, a plurality of fixed blades arranged in the vertical direction at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the inner wall surface, and a secondary crushing chamber having a secondary crushing piece discharge port at the bottom In each of the primary crushing chamber and the secondary crushing chamber, a rotational drive shaft is provided along the vertical direction at a substantially central position,
In the primary crushing chamber; a disk-like rotor for guiding the material to be crushed to the inner wall surface side with respect to the rotary drive shaft and substantially limiting the dropping position to the vicinity of the inner wall surface in a multistage shape in the vertical direction Among these disk-shaped rotors, the predetermined disk-shaped rotor can be swung within a predetermined angular range around the vertical axis at an appropriate interval in the circumferential direction, and the tip is close to the inner wall surface. Fixed the free core crushing blade
In the secondary crushing chamber; a drop position restricting plate for guiding the primary crushing piece to the inner wall surface side so as to rotate with the rotary drive shaft, and for substantially limiting the drop position to the vicinity of the inner wall surface; Adjacent to the lower surface side of the drop position restricting plate, there are provided a plurality of rotary blades protruding outward from the periphery of the drop position restricting plate and having tips close to the inner wall surface.
[0007]
In the case of the present invention, as will be described later, the plastic and the non-ferrous metal are completely separated by the impact crushing and the narrow pressure crushing, and the uniform crushed pieces having a particle size of about 0.3 to 5 mm. To be crushed. These crushed pieces crushed into a fine powder can be easily and accurately classified into plastic and non-ferrous metal in the next sorting step.
[0008]
In the present invention, in order to drop to the lower stage in order from the one that has been finely crushed stepwise, it is disposed in at least the primary crushing chamber among the plurality of disk-like rotors fixed in a multistage shape. For the disc-shaped rotor, it is desirable that the gap with the inner wall surface is gradually narrowed toward the lower side.
[0009]
Further, in order to efficiently perform the narrow pressure crushing by the free core crushing blade and the fixed blade, the free crushing blades are staggered for each stage between the disk-shaped rotors arranged in multiple stages. It is desirable that they are arranged in a shape.
[0010]
Furthermore, in the primary crushing chamber, in the discharging process, the primary crushing chamber is subjected to narrow pressure crushing so that the shredded pieces are crushed in the gap between the lower surface of the lowermost free core crushing blade and the bottom surface of the primary crushing chamber. The crushing piece discharge port is located on the lower surface side of the lowermost free core crushing blade, and for the same reason, the secondary crushing piece discharge port is located on the lower surface side of the rotary blade in the secondary crushing chamber. It is desirable to do.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a crushing treatment apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line III-III in FIG.
[0012]
The crushing processing apparatus 1 is used to crush the primary crushing chamber 3 in which a material to be crushed such as a printed substrate is input and primary crushing is performed, and the crushing pieces crushed in the primary crushing chamber 3 to be further finely crushed. A secondary crushing chamber 4 for crushing crushed pieces that have not been crushed to a predetermined particle size in the primary crushing chamber 3, and making it possible to crush while completely separating the printed circuit board into plastic and non-ferrous metals, This is a crushing apparatus capable of crushing into fine powdery crushed pieces, specifically, a uniform crushed piece having a particle size of about 0.3 to 5 mm for ease of sorting and improving sorting accuracy.
[0013]
The following is a detailed description.
The primary crushing chamber 3 is composed of a drum-shaped box whose inner wall surface is circular, preferably polygonal in the plan view, and a regular dodecagonal shape in the illustrated example. As shown in the figure, fixed blades 10, 10... Are fixedly arranged at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction, specifically in a longitudinal direction with respect to each surface of a regular dodecagon. The crushing material inlets 11 and 11 are formed in the upper part, and the hole-shaped primary crushing piece discharge ports 12, 12... Are formed around the lower surface side. A hopper 2 is provided at the upper part of the primary crushing chamber 3 in order to supply the material to be crushed from the inlet 11.
[0014]
In the lower part of the primary crushing chamber 3, a secondary crushing chamber 4 is provided in which primary crushing material is introduced from the primary crushing piece discharge ports 12, 12. As with the primary crushing chamber 3, the secondary crushing chamber 4 is also composed of a drum-shaped box whose inner wall surface has a circular shape in plan view, preferably a polygonal shape, and a regular dodecagonal shape in the illustrated example. As shown in FIG. 3, fixed blades 13, 13... Are fixed on the inner wall surface at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction, specifically in the longitudinal direction with respect to each surface of the regular dodecagon. Are provided, and hole-shaped secondary crushed piece discharge ports 14, 14... Are provided around the lower surface side.
[0015]
At the center of the primary crushing chamber 3 and the secondary crushing chamber 4, a rotary drive shaft 5 is disposed in a penetrating manner along the vertical direction. The rotary drive shaft 5 is rotatably supported at the lower end side by a lower bearing 15 in which the apparatus base 40 is fixed and an upper bearing 16 fixed in the upper position of the primary crushing chamber 3. The lower shaft 15 has a projecting shaft 5a projecting to the lower surface side, and a driven pulley 17 is fixedly provided on the projecting shaft 5a. A drive motor 18 is disposed on the upper surface of the apparatus base 40, and a belt 19 is stretched between the driving pulley 18 a of the driving motor 18 and the driven pulley 17, and the rotation of the driving motor 18 is performed. Is transmitted by the belt 19 so that the rotary drive shaft 5 rotates around the axis.
[0016]
In the primary crushing chamber 3, a disk-shaped rotor for guiding the material to be crushed to the inner wall surface side with respect to the rotary drive shaft 5 and substantially limiting the fall position of the material to be crushed to the vicinity of the inner wall surface. 20 to 23 are arranged in a multistage shape in the vertical direction. Among these disk-shaped rotors 20 to 23, the uppermost disk-shaped rotor 20 guides a material to be crushed such as a printed board put into the primary crushing chamber 3 to the inner wall surface side, thereby substantially setting the dropping position. The disk rotors 21 to 23 of the next stage to the lowermost stage guide the material to be crushed to the inner wall surface side, and the fall position is substantially limited to the vicinity of the inner wall surface. Are provided with the below-described free-core crushing blades 24, 24... At the periphery, and have a function of crushing the material to be crushed. The lowermost disk-shaped rotor 23 substantially serves as the bottom plate of the primary crushing chamber 3.
[0017]
Among the disk-shaped rotors 20 to 23, the disk-shaped rotors 20 to 22 inside the primary crushing chamber 3 excluding the lowermost stage are gradually spaced from the inner wall surfaces M _{1 to} M ₃ (M _{1 as} they go to the lower stage side. > M ₂ > M ₃ ) is narrowed, and in the crushing process carried out in stages, crushed pieces having a predetermined particle diameter or more are not dropped to the lower stage side for each stage.
[0018]
Further, among the disk-shaped rotors 20 to 23, the disk-shaped rotors 21 to 23 excluding the uppermost disk-shaped rotor 20 that bears the crushing function are arranged on the periphery thereof as shown in FIG. .. Are provided at appropriate intervals in the direction. This free-core crushing blade 24 is a swing type having a structure in which a cemented carbide tip 27 is fixedly mounted on a surface of a tip holder 26 supported by a support shaft 25 so as to be swingable around a vertical axis within a predetermined angle range. The tip of the cemented carbide tip 27 is close to the inner wall surface. The free core crushing blades 24, 24... Are arranged in multiple stages so that the narrow crushing by the free core crushing blades 24, 24. Between the disk-shaped rotors 21-23, it arrange | positions in zigzag form for every step. Further, in the discharging process, primary crushing is performed so that the crushed pieces are crushed and narrowly crushed in the gap between the lower surface of the lowermost free core crushing blades 24, 24. The single discharge ports 12, 12... Are located on the lower surface side of the lowermost free core crushing blade 24.
[0019]
On the other hand, in the secondary crushing chamber 4, the primary crushing pieces are guided to the inner wall surface directly or indirectly with respect to the rotary drive shaft 5 so as to rotate together with the rotary drive shaft 5, and the drop position is set. A drop position restricting plate 28 that is substantially limited to the vicinity of the inner wall surface, and protrudes outward from the periphery of the drop position restricting plate 28 adjacent to the lower surface side of the drop position restricting plate 28, and the tip is on the inner wall surface. Adjacent rotary blades 29 are provided. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, a rotary block body 30 having arm pieces 30 a, 30 a... Is attached to the rotary drive shaft 5 in the cross direction, and the rotary block body 30 has the above-described upper surface side. A drop position restricting plate 28 is attached, and rotary blades 29, 29... Made of cemented carbide chips are fixed on the side of the arm pieces 30a, 30a.
[0020]
On the lower surface side of the secondary crushing chamber 4, a discharge guide plate 31 is fixed to the rotary drive shaft 5, and the secondary crushing pieces that have fallen from the secondary crushing piece discharge port 14 of the secondary crushing chamber 4 are While being guided to the inner wall surface side, it is dropped onto the chute 33 through the gap between the discharge guide plate 31 and the inner wall surface 32 and discharged.
[0021]
In the crushing treatment apparatus 1 described in detail above, when the print substrate is input from the input port 11 of the primary crushing chamber 3, the print substrate is guided to the inner wall surface side by the uppermost disk-shaped rotor 20, and the disk Falls from the gap between the rotor 20 and the inner wall surface. The printed circuit board was crushed in a narrow pressure while being hit by the free-core crushing blades 24, 24... Fixed to the disk rotor 21 at the next stage and the fixed blades 10, 10,. The crushing process of dropping to the lower side and crushing again in order from the one is repeated up to the lowermost disk-like rotor 23. In this primary crushing process, since the free core crushing blade 24 is swingable within a predetermined angle range around the vertical axis, the printed board crushing piece is caught between the inner wall surface and the free core crushing blade 24. Even if the situation occurs, the swinging of the free-core crushing blade 24 prevents the biting.
[0022]
And in the process discharged | emitted from the primary crushing piece discharge port 12, the slight gap of the lower surface of the lowermost free core crushing blades 24 and 24 and the ring-shaped bottom surface in which the primary crushing piece discharge ports 12, 12 ... were formed. After being crushed by a small pressure while being crushed by a part, it is guided to the secondary crushing chamber 4 from the primary crushing piece discharge ports 12, 12.
[0023]
In the secondary crushing chamber 4, the fallen secondary crushing piece is guided to the inner wall surface side by the drop position restricting plate 28, and is rotated when falling from the gap between the drop position restricting plate 28 and the inner wall surface. The blades 29, 29 ... and the fixed blades 13, 13 ... are crushed while being hit, and the lower surfaces of the rotary blades 29, 29 ... and the ring-shaped bottom surface on which the secondary crushed piece discharge port 14 is formed are slight. After being crushed in a narrow pressure while being crushed in the gap portion, the secondary crushed pieces are discharged from the outlets 14, 14.
[0024]
The crushed pieces crushed through the above steps are completely separated from plastic and non-ferrous metal by the above-mentioned hitting crushing and narrow pressure crushing, and are uniformly crushed with a particle size of about 0.3 to 5 mm. It becomes crushed into pieces. These crushed pieces crushed into a fine powder are easily and accurately classified into plastic and non-ferrous metal in the next sorting step.
[0025]
By the way, in the above example, the primary crushing chamber 3 and the secondary crushing chamber 4 are arranged vertically on the same axis, and the rotary drive shaft 5 is also used. However, the primary crushing chamber 3 and the secondary crushing chamber 4 are primary crushing. The primary crushed pieces crushed in the chamber may be arranged adjacent to each other under the condition that the primary crushed pieces are smoothly guided to the secondary crushing chamber 4. In this case, each of the primary crushing chamber 3 and the secondary crushing chamber 4 is provided with a rotation drive shaft separately. If the rotational drive shaft 5 is slightly slidable in the lateral direction, the particle size can be adjusted.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to crush while completely separating plastics and non-ferrous metals such as printed circuit boards and non-ferrous metals, and separating them. In order to improve easiness and sorting accuracy, it can be crushed into small-sized powdery crushed pieces, specifically into uniform crushed pieces having a particle size of about 0.3 to 5 mm.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a crushing apparatus according to the present invention.
2 is a view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 1;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Crush processing apparatus, 2 ... Hopper, 3 ... Primary crushing chamber, 4 ... Secondary crushing chamber, 5 ... Rotation drive shaft, 10.13 ... Fixed blade, 11 ... Material to be shredded inlet, 12 ... Primary crushing piece discharge Outlet, 14 ... Secondary shredded piece discharge port, 15.16 ... Bearing, 18 ... Drive motor, 20-23 ... Disc rotor, 24 ... Free crush blade, 28 ... Drop position regulating plate, 29 ... Rotary blade

Claims (4)

The inner wall surface has a circular or polygonal shape in plan view, and a plurality of fixed blades arranged in the vertical direction at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the inner wall surface, and has an inlet for the material to be crushed at the top A primary crushing chamber having a primary crushing piece discharge port at the lower part, and the primary crushing piece discharge port of the primary crushing chamber, the inner wall surface forming a circular or polygonal shape in plan view, and with respect to the inner wall surface A plurality of fixed blades arranged in a vertical direction at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction are provided, and a secondary crushing chamber having a secondary crushing piece discharge port is provided at a lower portion, and the primary crushing chamber and the secondary crushing chamber Each is provided with a rotational drive shaft in a substantially central position along the vertical direction,
In the primary crushing chamber; a disk-like rotor for guiding the material to be crushed to the inner wall surface side with respect to the rotary drive shaft and substantially limiting the dropping position to the vicinity of the inner wall surface in a multistage shape in the vertical direction Among these disk-shaped rotors, the predetermined disk-shaped rotor can be swung within a predetermined angular range around the vertical axis at an appropriate interval in the circumferential direction, and the tip is close to the inner wall surface. Fixed the free core crushing blade
In the secondary crushing chamber; a drop position restricting plate for guiding the primary crushing piece to the inner wall surface side so as to rotate with the rotary drive shaft, and for substantially limiting the drop position to the vicinity of the inner wall surface; A crushing processing apparatus, comprising: a plurality of rotary blades that protrude outward from the periphery of the drop position regulating plate adjacent to the lower surface side of the drop position regulating plate and whose tips are close to the inner wall surface. Among the plurality of disk-shaped rotors fixed in a multi-stage shape, at least the disk-shaped rotor disposed in the primary crushing chamber has a gradually narrowing gap with the inner wall surface as it goes to the lower stage side. The crushing processing apparatus according to 1. The said free-core crushing blade is a crushing processing apparatus in any one of Claims 1 and 2 arrange | positioned for every stage between the disk-shaped rotors arrange | positioned in the said multistage form. In the primary crushing chamber, the primary crushing piece discharge port is located on the lower surface side of the lowermost free core crushing blade, and in the secondary crushing chamber, the secondary crushing piece discharge port is located on the lower surface side of the rotary blade. The crushing processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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