JP4749493B1 - Construction method of herbicide material using steelmaking slag - Google Patents
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000234643 Festuca arundinacea Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000042324 Trifolium repens Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013540 Trifolium repens var repens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010053759 Growth retardation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 open spaces Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】 防草効果が長期間継続し、施工が簡便でかつ材料の調達が容易であり、施工後に人や車両の交通によって防草効果が損なわれることがなく、環境に影響を及ぼす程度の低い製鋼スラグを用いた防草材料及びこれを用いた施工方法を提供する。
【解決手段】 最大粒度が１００ｍｍ以下となる粒度に、望ましくは、下層路盤材に使用されるクラッシャラン相当の粒度に、調整した製鋼スラグからなる防草に使用するための防草材料であり、さらに防草材料を路盤などの防草を必要とする区画に敷設する施工方法として、防草対象となる区画に植生する雑草を根より除去した後に、上記の製鋼スラグからなる防草材料をその区画の土壌面を形成する防草材料の最大粒度以上で、かつ粒度の土壌が露出しない厚みを最小の施工層厚としてその区画に敷設することからなる防草材料の施工方法である。
【選択図】 なしPROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To keep the herbicidal effect for a long time, easy construction and easy procurement of materials, and the herbicidal effect is not impaired by the traffic of people and vehicles after construction, and the environment is affected. A herbicidal material using low steelmaking slag and a construction method using the same.
SOLUTION: A herbicidal material for use in a herbicide made of steelmaking slag adjusted to a particle size having a maximum particle size of 100 mm or less, desirably a particle size equivalent to a crusher run used in a lower roadbed material, As a construction method of laying grass protection material in a section requiring grass protection such as roadbed, weeds that grow in the section to be protected against grass are removed from the roots, and then the above-mentioned steelmaking slag made of steelmaking slag is applied to the section. It is the construction method of the herbicidal material which lays | lays in the division by making into the minimum construction layer thickness the thickness which is more than the maximum grain size of the weedproof material which forms the soil surface of this, and the soil of a grain size is not exposed.
[Selection figure] None
Description
本発明は、遊休地、線路や道路の路肩、工場内の建屋横の空き地など、景観に対する要求は低いが、長期間雑草の繁茂を抑制することが望まれる場所に対し、３０ｍｍ以上の厚さで敷設することで雑草の生育を長期的に抑制して防除するための、製鋼スラグを用いた防草材の施工方法に関する。 The present invention has a thickness of 30 mm or more for a place where it is desired to suppress overgrowth of weeds for a long period of time, such as idle land, railroads and shoulders of roads, and vacant land beside a building in a factory. It is related with the construction method of the herbicidal material using the steelmaking slag for controlling and controlling the growth of weeds for a long time by laying in.
雑草の防除技術としては、除草剤や植物生育抑制剤などの化学合成物質や、刈り取りによる防除、あるいは防草シートの敷設が主流である。しかし、除草剤や植物生育抑制剤などの薬剤散布は環境に影響を及ぼす恐れがある上、効果期間が短く、刈り取りによる防除とともに毎年の除草対策が必要となり、継続的に多大な防草費用が必要となる。また、対象区画にシートを敷設することで、雑草の繁茂を防止する、防草シートによる雑草防除は、効果の継続する期間は長いものの、敷設のための施工費用が高く、また防草シートの劣化や破損により効果が低減する。 As the weed control technology, chemical synthetic materials such as herbicides and plant growth inhibitors, pest control by cutting, or laying of grass control sheets are the mainstream. However, the application of chemicals such as herbicides and plant growth inhibitors can affect the environment and has a short period of effectiveness, requiring annual weeding measures along with pruning and controlling, resulting in significant herbicidal costs. Necessary. In addition, weed control with a weed control sheet that prevents the weeds from spreading by laying a sheet in the target section has a long construction period, but the construction cost for laying is high. The effect is reduced by deterioration and breakage.
その他の防草対策として、自然土や真砂土にセメントなどの無機固化物を添加し、対象路面に透水性を有する固化層を形成し、雑草の発芽を防ぐ方法（例えば、特許文献１、２参照）や、貝殻粉粒体のセメント固化層（例えば、特許文献３参照）や、火山灰と塩の混合物層の敷設により雑草の繁茂を防除する方法（例えば、特許文献４参照）など、景観及び環境に配慮した防草方法も多数考え出されている。 As other herbicidal measures, a method for preventing weed germination by adding an inorganic solidified material such as cement to natural soil or pure sandy soil to form a solidified layer having water permeability on the target road surface (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). And a method for controlling the growth of weeds by laying a mixture layer of volcanic ash and salt (for example, see Patent Document 4), Many environmentally-friendly grass protection methods have been devised.
しかし、透水性を担保した状態でのセメント固化層は強度に不安があり、歩行あるいは車両の運行によりその固化層が破損する可能性があるほか、火山灰や貝殻粉粒体などの固化層は、原料の産地が局所的であるため、施工可能な地域が限定され、広範囲にわたる使用が困難である。 However, the cement solidified layer with water permeability is uneasy in strength, and the solidified layer such as volcanic ash and shell powder particles may be damaged by walking or vehicle operation. Since the production area of the raw material is local, the area where construction is possible is limited, and it is difficult to use it over a wide area.
遊休地のように、将来の用途及びその適用期日が不明であるが、一時的に防草対策が必要な用地であったり、線路や道路の路肩、工場内の建屋横の空き地など、日常業務において管理業務に携わる特定の人あるいは車両の通行が想定される場所での防草対策としては、景観に配慮する必要は低く、安価で防草効果が長期間継続し、環境影響の低い防草材料が望ましく、かつ、人あるいは車両の通行によって防草効果が損なわれない強度を有すること、施工の簡便性、材料調達の容易さが必要である。 As in idle land, the future use and the date of application are unknown, but it is a site that requires temporary grass protection measures, such as a land or shoulder on a road, a vacant land next to the building in the factory, etc. As a herbicidal measure in places where specific people or vehicles who are engaged in management work in Japan are supposed to pass, it is not necessary to consider the landscape, it is inexpensive, has a long herbicidal effect, and has a low environmental impact It is desirable that the material is desirable and has strength that does not impair the herbicidal effect due to the passage of people or vehicles, ease of construction, and ease of material procurement.
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、防草効果が長期間継続し、施工が簡便でかつ材料の調達が容易であり、施工後に人や車両の通行によって防草効果が損なわれることがなく、環境影響の低い製鋼スラグを用いた防草材料を用いた施工方法を提供することである。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the herbicidal effect continues for a long period of time, the construction is simple and the procurement of materials is easy, and the herbicidal effect is not impaired by the passage of people or vehicles after construction, It is to provide a construction method using a herbicidal material using steelmaking slag with low environmental impact.
上記の課題を解決するための、本発明の第１の手段は、防草材料を土壌面の防草を必要とする区画に敷設する施工方法であって、防草対象となる区画に植生する雑草を根より除去した後に、最大粒度が１００ｍｍ以下となるように粒度を調整して形成した製鋼スラグからなる防草材料を、上記の区画の土壌面を形成する防草材料の最大粒度以上の粒度の土壌が露出しない最小の厚みとして、上記の区画に敷設することを特徴とする防草材料の施工方法である。 The first means of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is a construction method for laying a grass protection material in a section requiring soil protection on the soil surface, and vegetates in the section to be protected against grass. After removing the weeds from the roots, a herbicidal material composed of steelmaking slag formed by adjusting the particle size so that the maximum particle size is 100 mm or less is greater than or equal to the maximum particle size of the herbicidal material forming the soil surface of the above section. It is the construction method of the weed prevention material characterized by laying in said division as minimum thickness which the soil of a particle size does not expose .
ここで、製鋼スラグが防草効果を発揮するメカニズムを概説する。製鋼スラグは、酸化カルシウムであるＣａＯを主成分としているため、雨水などと接触した場合に、表流水及び浸出水がｐＨ１０〜１１のアルカリ性を示す。一般にアルカリ性土壌は植物の根系の水分吸収や、養分吸収に多大な影響を与え、植物の生長を阻害することが知られており、雑草の種子がスラグを敷設した区画面上に飛来した場合でも、発芽後の生育を阻害し、雑草の定着を阻害する。 Here, the mechanism by which steelmaking slag exhibits the herbicidal effect will be outlined. Since steelmaking slag has CaO which is calcium oxide as a main component, when it contacts with rainwater etc., surface water and leachate show the alkalinity of pH 10-11. In general, alkaline soil is known to significantly affect the water absorption and nutrient absorption of the plant root system and inhibit plant growth, even when weed seeds fly over the slag laid screen. Inhibits growth after germination and inhibits weed colonization.
一方、製鋼スラグ中のカルシウムは、２ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2や３ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2などのカルシウムシリケートや、３ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3や１２ＣａＯ・７Ａｌ2Ｏ3などのカルシウムアルミネートや、２ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3・ＳｉＯ2などの鉱物層の形態で存在する。製鋼スラグの表流水及び浸出水はアルカリ性を示すが、製鋼スラグは古くより路盤材や土木用材料として天然砕石の代替品として利用されてきた物質であり、極めて難溶性である。このため製鋼スラグからのカルシウムイオンの溶出は、石灰単体などに比べて極めて緩やかに進行し、アルカリ性が長期間継続するために、製鋼スラグの防草効果は長期間継続する。 On the other hand, calcium in steelmaking slag, and calcium silicates, such as 2CaO · SiO 2 or 3CaO · SiO 2, or calcium aluminate such as 3CaO · Al 2 O 3 and 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3, 2CaO · Al 2 O 3 · in the form of the mineral layer, such as SiO 2. Although surface water and leachate of steelmaking slag are alkaline, steelmaking slag is a substance that has long been used as a substitute for natural crushed stone as a roadbed material and civil engineering material, and is extremely insoluble. For this reason, the elution of calcium ions from the steelmaking slag proceeds very slowly as compared to lime alone and the alkalinity continues for a long period of time, so that the herbicidal effect of the steelmaking slag continues for a long period of time.
ここで、本発明で用いる製鋼スラグについて説明する。鉄鋼の生産の際に、同時に生成される金属酸化物などの非金属製の滓を、総じて「鉄鋼スラグ」という。この鉄鋼スラグは高炉で銑鉄を製造する際に副生成する「高炉スラグ」と、溶銑や、スクラップなどを精錬して、鋼を製造する際に同時に生成する「製鋼スラグ」とに分類される。この製鋼スラグは精錬炉の種類によって転炉系スラグ、電気炉系スラグに分類される。さらに、この製鋼スラグの成分について説明すると、製鋼スラグは、製鋼工程で鋼を精錬するため、石灰やシリカや、酸化アルミ系の造滓材と呼ばれる副原料が、この製鋼工程で投入され、これらの非金属成分と溶鋼が酸化して生成された、酸化鉄などの金属酸化物が製鋼スラグの主成分となっている。すなわち、製鋼スラグの成分は、ＣａＯ、Ａｌ2Ｏ3や、ＳｉＯ2及び金属酸化物であるが、その比率は製造する鋼種の特性に応じた精錬方法によって様々である。このようにして得られた製鋼スラグは金属酸化物を含有するために、高比重でかつ高強度である。この製鋼スラグを緩冷凝固によって鉱物状に凝固させた後、破砕および粒度調整を行って、道路の路盤材やアスファルト骨材などの道路用材料や、埋め戻し材や、基礎工事用など土木用材料などのリサイクル材料として、古くより有効利用されている、環境に及ぼす影響の少ないリサイクル資材である。 Here, the steelmaking slag used in the present invention will be described. Non-metallic soot, such as metal oxides, that is generated at the same time as steel production is generally called “steel slag”. This steel slag is classified into “blast furnace slag” that is by-produced when producing pig iron in a blast furnace and “steel slag” that is produced at the same time when steel is produced by refining hot metal or scrap. This steelmaking slag is classified into converter slag and electric furnace slag according to the type of smelting furnace. Furthermore, the components of this steelmaking slag will be explained. Since steelmaking slag refines steel in the steelmaking process, auxiliaries such as lime, silica and aluminum oxide-based steelmaking materials are introduced in this steelmaking process. A metal oxide such as iron oxide produced by oxidizing non-metallic components and molten steel is the main component of steelmaking slag. That is, the components of the steelmaking slag are CaO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and metal oxides, but the ratio varies depending on the refining method according to the characteristics of the steel type to be produced. The steelmaking slag thus obtained contains a metal oxide and thus has a high specific gravity and high strength. This steelmaking slag is solidified into a mineral state by slow solidification, and then crushing and particle size adjustment are performed, and road materials such as roadbed materials and asphalt aggregates, backfill materials, and civil engineering such as for foundation work It is a recycled material that has been used effectively for a long time as a recycled material such as a material and has little influence on the environment.
さらに、環境への影響に関しても、道路の路盤材用途に供される「鉄鋼スラグ混入路盤材」はグリーン購入法の「特定調達品目」として指定されている他に、従来より陸域の使用に際しては土壌環境基準で、海域及び埋立地での利用に際しては、海洋汚染防止法による水底土砂基準で、それぞれ環境に対する安全性が評価されている物質である。 Furthermore, regarding the impact on the environment, “steel slag-mixed roadbed materials” used for roadbed materials are designated as “specified procurement items” under the Green Purchasing Law. Is a substance that has been evaluated for environmental safety according to the soil environmental standards, and when used in sea areas and landfills, it is based on the bottom sediment standards of the Ocean Pollution Control Law.
また、製鋼スラグは高比重かつ保水力の低い物質であるため、路盤材などとして敷設した晴天時の敷設上面は乾燥状態にあり、植物の生育に必要な水分を保水しない。特に、４２５μｍ以下の微粉分の少ない、下層路盤材相当の粒度に調整することで、粒子間の目詰まりを防止し、水はけの良い防草層を形成することができる。一方で、土壌にはアルカリ性の原因であるカルシウムイオンの吸着能があるため、有機質土や火山灰質粘性土や粘性土などの土壌で３０ｃｍ、シルトで５０ｃｍ以上の厚さの土壌を介することで、アルカリの影響は除去される（例えば、非特許文献１参照。）。このため路盤材としての敷設面下に植樹した植物への影響は無い。さらに、施工の容易さ及び施工後の支持力に関しては、従来の用途が道路用あるいは土木用を主としているため、本発明の手段では、繁茂している雑草を根より除去した後に、最大粒度が１００ｍｍ以下となるように粒度を調整した製鋼スラグを土壌面上に均一に敷設するだけで良く、施工は簡易である。しかも、施工後は、仮設道路、駐車場、広場、資材置場などとして使用可能な支持力が得られる。また、製鋼スラグは、全国に広く分布する鉄鋼各社より産出されるため、調達も容易で安定した供給が可能である。 Moreover, since steelmaking slag is a substance with high specific gravity and low water retention, the laying upper surface when it is fine as a roadbed material is in a dry state and does not retain moisture necessary for plant growth. In particular, by adjusting the particle size to be equivalent to the lower layer roadbed material with a small amount of fine powder of 425 μm or less, clogging between particles can be prevented, and a well-drained grass prevention layer can be formed. On the other hand, because the soil has the ability to adsorb calcium ions, which are the cause of alkalinity, by passing through soil with a thickness of 30 cm or more in soil such as organic soil, volcanic ash and clay soil, and 50 cm or more in silt, The influence of alkali is removed (for example, refer nonpatent literature 1). For this reason, there is no influence on the plant planted under the laying surface as the roadbed material. Furthermore, with regard to the ease of construction and the supporting force after construction, since the conventional uses are mainly for roads or civil engineering, in the means of the present invention, the maximum grain size is reduced after removing the weeds that have grown over the roots. It is only necessary to lay steelmaking slag whose particle size is adjusted to be 100 mm or less uniformly on the soil surface, and the construction is simple. Moreover, after the construction, a supporting force that can be used as a temporary road, a parking lot, a plaza, a material storage, etc. is obtained. In addition, steelmaking slag is produced by steel companies widely distributed throughout the country, so procurement is easy and stable.
本発明の手段の施工方法に使用する防草材料は、製鋼スラグからなるので極めて難溶性である。このため、スラグからのカルシウムイオンの溶出は、極めて緩やかに進行し、アルカリ性が長期間継続するため、製鋼スラグからなる防草材料の防草効果は長期間継続する。しかも、製鋼スラグからなる防草材料は環境に及ぼす影響の少ないリサイクル資材である。したがって、本発明の手段の防草材料の施工方法では、繁茂している雑草を根より除去した後に、１００ｍｍ以下の粒度に調整した製鋼スラグを必要とする土壌面に均一にかつその土壌面を覆う程度の厚さに敷設するだけで良く、施工方法は極めて簡易である。しかも、施工後には、仮設道路や、駐車場や、広場や、資材置場などとして使用可能な支持力を得ることができる。 Since the herbicidal material used in the construction method of the means of the present invention is made of steelmaking slag, it is extremely insoluble. For this reason, the elution of calcium ions from the slag proceeds very slowly and the alkalinity continues for a long period of time. Therefore, the herbicidal effect of the herbicidal material made of steelmaking slag continues for a long period of time. Moreover, the herbicidal material made of steelmaking slag is a recycled material with little influence on the environment. Therefore, in the construction method of the herbicidal material according to the means of the present invention, after removing the overgrown weeds from the roots, the soil surface is uniformly and evenly applied to the soil surface requiring steelmaking slag adjusted to a particle size of 100 mm or less. It is only necessary to lay it to the extent of covering, and the construction method is extremely simple. Moreover, after construction, it is possible to obtain a supporting force that can be used as a temporary road, a parking lot, a plaza, a material storage, and the like.
本発明を実施するための形態について、以下に順を追って説明する。
１．製鋼スラグの防草効果について
表１に、真砂土に粒度を５ｍｍ以下に調整した製鋼スラグを、質量％で、０％、１０％、３０％、５０％、１００％配合して形成した土壌における植物の育成試験の結果を示す。上記した質量％からなる製鋼スラグを配合した土壌をそれぞれ育苗用のビニールポットに入れ、トールフェスク及びホワイトクローバーの種子を２０粒づつ播種した。ビニールポットは室内に設置し、必要に応じて灌水した。表１は、生育１１日目における発芽率、草高及び根長を測定した結果を示す。
The form for implementing this invention is demonstrated later on in order.
1. Regarding the herbicidal effect of steelmaking slag In Table 1, in the soil formed by blending 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 100% of steelmaking slag with a grain size adjusted to 5 mm or less in pure sand soil The result of a plant growth test is shown. Soil mixed with the above-described mass% steelmaking slag was put in a vinyl pot for raising seedlings, and 20 tall fescue and white clover seeds were sown. The plastic pot was installed indoors and watered as necessary. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the germination rate, plant height and root length on the 11th day of growth.
製鋼スラグの配合率が０％、１０％、３０％の範囲では、草高、根長共に大差が無く、植物の生育へ阻害は観察されない。しかし製鋼スラグの配合率が５０％では、トールフェスクの草高が製鋼スラグの配合率０％の８割程度と短くなり、製鋼スラグ１００％では、トールフェスク、ホワイトクローバー共に、６割程度まで成長が抑制されている。さらに地下部の根長の成長抑制は地上部より著しく、スラグ配合率５０％で５割程度、スラグ配合率１００％で３割程度と、製鋼スラグを配合することにより、特に根の育成が阻害されていることがわかる。発芽率は製鋼スラグ１００％で若干下がるものの、配合率に依存せず高い値を示している。しかし、製鋼スラグ５０％以上の土壌では、根系の伸長が著しく阻害されることから、植生の定着は困難であると考えられ、製鋼スラグ５０％以上あるいは製鋼スラグ１００％の配合率として防草敷設を実施することで、防草効果が得られるものと考えられる。 When the steelmaking slag content is in the range of 0%, 10%, and 30%, there is no significant difference in plant height and root length, and no inhibition of plant growth is observed. However, when the steelmaking slag content is 50%, the tall fescue plant height becomes as short as 80% of the steelmaking slag content rate of 0%, and when the steelmaking slag is 100%, the growth of both tall fescue and white clover is suppressed to around 60%. Has been. Furthermore, the growth suppression of the root length in the underground part is remarkable compared to the above-ground part, and the growth of roots is particularly hindered by blending steelmaking slag with 50% slag blending rate and about 30% with 100% slag blending rate. You can see that Although the germination rate slightly decreases with 100% of steelmaking slag, it shows a high value regardless of the blending rate. However, in soils with steelmaking slag of 50% or more, root system elongation is remarkably hindered, so it is considered difficult to establish vegetation. Therefore, weed protection is laid as a mixture ratio of steelmaking slag of 50% or more or steelmaking slag of 100%. It is considered that the herbicidal effect can be obtained by carrying out the above.
２． 防草効果の持続性について
表２に、表１で用いた製鋼スラグ配合土のｐＨを測定した結果を示す。製鋼スラグ配合率の増加に伴いｐＨが上昇している。防草効果の高い製鋼スラグの配合率５０％で、ｐＨ９．２であることから、ｐＨ９以上で高い防草効果が得られるものと考えられる。
2. Table 2 shows the results of measuring the pH of the steelmaking slag blended soil used in Table 1. The pH rises with an increase in the steelmaking slag compounding ratio. Since the blending ratio of steelmaking slag having a high herbicidal effect is 50% and pH 9.2, it is considered that a high herbicidal effect can be obtained at pH 9 or higher.
表３に、駐車場や仮設道路などの露天下の区画に敷設した製鋼スラグの一定の敷設期間後のｐＨの変化を示す。ここで、敷設された製鋼スラグの粒度は下層路盤材用の道路用鉄鋼スラグ規格のＣＳ−３０相当の０〜３０ｍｍである。表３によると、経年変化によりアルカリ性は減衰するものの、敷設５年後であってもｐＨ９．２と防草効果を発揮しうるアルカリ性は維持されており、長期的に製鋼スラグの防草効果が継続することがわかる。 Table 3 shows the change in pH after a certain laying period of the steelmaking slag laid in a section under open air such as a parking lot or a temporary road. Here, the grain size of the laid steelmaking slag is 0 to 30 mm corresponding to CS-30 of road steel slag standards for lower roadbed materials. According to Table 3, although alkalinity attenuates due to aging, pH 9.2 and alkalinity that can exert a herbicidal effect are maintained even after laying five years, and the herbicidal effect of steelmaking slag is long-term. You can see that it will continue.
３．定着植物への影響について
セメント改良土からの表流水及び浸出水はアルカリ性を呈するが、土中を通過する過程において、細粒土の陽イオン交換による吸着作用や土壌有機物の中和作用などにより中和されることが知られている（例えば、非特許文献１参照。）。
3. Effects on fixed plants Surface water and leachate from cement-improved soils are alkaline, but in the process of passing through the soil, they are moderate due to adsorption of fine-grained soil by cation exchange and neutralization of soil organic matter. It is known to be summed (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
一方、製鋼スラグからの表流水及び浸出水がアルカリ性を呈する原因も、上記のセメント改良土と同様にカルシウムイオンに起因するため、セメント改良土と同じく土壌の吸着能により中和される。中和に要する土壌の標準の厚さは、火山灰質粘性土（ローム層）、粘性土、有機質土、黒ぼくなどで３０ｃｍ以上とされている。製鋼スラグの防草作用は、アルカリ性による植物の根系の水分、養分吸収の阻害であるため、既に定植しており、根の伸張がこれを上回る植生に対しては、防草効果を発揮しない。 On the other hand, the reason why the surface water and leachate from the steelmaking slag are alkaline is also caused by calcium ions as in the above cement-improved soil. The standard thickness of the soil required for neutralization is 30 cm or more for volcanic ash cohesive soil (Rohm layer), cohesive soil, organic soil, black me and the like. Since the herbicidal action of steelmaking slag is an inhibition of moisture and nutrient absorption in the plant root system due to alkalinity, it has already been planted, and it does not exert its herbicidal effect against vegetation whose root elongation exceeds this.
表４に、真砂土に下層路盤材用の道路用鉄鋼スラグ規格のＣＳ−３０相当の０〜３０ｍｍ粒度に調整した製鋼スラグを０％、２０％、３０％、４０％、５０％の各配合率で配合した土壌にイブキ及びネズミモチの苗木を植樹し、２４ヶ月後の植樹の生育状態を調査した結果を示す。植樹の周囲には、防草対策として厚さ１０ｃｍの製鋼スラグを敷設している。イブキ及びネズミモチは上記の製鋼スラグを０％、２０％、３０％、４０％、５０％の各配合率で配合した土でも枯死せず、その植樹の高さから、いずれも遜色の無い生育状態にあることがわかる。以上より、製鋼スラグのアルカリ性に起因する防草効果は、地下部に根を伸長する植樹の育成を阻害せず、製鋼スラグ配合土に植樹を行った場合でも植樹は定着することがわかる。 Table 4 shows 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of steelmaking slag adjusted to 0-30mm grain size equivalent to CS-30 of road steel slag standard for roadbed material in lower sand. The result of investigating the growth state of the planted trees 24 months later after planting Ibuki and Nemumochi seedlings in the soil blended at a rate is shown. Around the tree planting, steelmaking slag with a thickness of 10 cm is laid as a countermeasure against grass. Ibuki and Mizuchimochi do not die even in soil containing the above steelmaking slag mixed at 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, and because of the height of the tree planting, all grow inferior You can see that From the above, it can be seen that the herbicidal effect due to the alkalinity of steelmaking slag does not inhibit the growth of planted trees that extend the roots in the underground, and the planting is established even when planted in steelmaking slag blended soil.
４．防草効果の確認について
製鋼スラグの防草効果を表５に示す。真砂土に製鋼スラグを０％、２０％、３０％、４０％、５０％配合した土壌及び製鋼スラグ１００％を敷設し、２４ヶ月後の雑草の飛来種の植生数を調査した。ここで、製鋼スラグの粒度は、下層路盤材用の道路用鉄鋼スラグの粒度規格であるＣＳ−３０に相当する３０ｍｍ以下とした。
4). About confirmation of the herbicidal effect Table 5 shows the herbicidal effect of the steelmaking slag. Soil containing 100% of steelmaking slag and soil containing 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of steelmaking slag were laid in pure sand soil, and the number of vegetation of weed flying species after 24 months was investigated. Here, the particle size of the steelmaking slag was set to 30 mm or less corresponding to CS-30, which is the particle size standard of road-use steel slag for subbase material.
製鋼スラグの配合率が０％の真砂土は６４個／ｍ2と多数の雑草が繁茂していたのに対し、スラグを２０％、３０％、４０％、５０％配合した真砂土では、敷設区画の境界線上に数個定着していたのみである。一方、製鋼スラグ１００％の敷設区画では雑草の定着は確認されなかった。したがって、防草対策としては、製鋼スラグ１００％の敷設が望ましいが、製鋼スラグを２０％、３０％、４０％、５０％の配合率で混合した真砂土であっても、防草効果が得られたことから、風雨などにより製鋼スラグ上に自然土が飛来した場合や、落ち葉などの腐植により有機物土が形成された場合でも、一定の防草効果が期待できると考えられる。 Laying sand is 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of slag, compared to 64% / m 2 of pure sand with 0% steelmaking slag. Only a few were fixed on the boundaries of the parcels. On the other hand, weeds were not confirmed in the section where the steelmaking slag was 100%. Therefore, laying of 100% steelmaking slag is desirable as a herbicidal measure, but even if it is pure sand soil mixed with steelmaking slag at 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, a herbicidal effect is obtained. Therefore, it is considered that a certain herbicidal effect can be expected even when natural soil comes on steelmaking slag due to wind and rain or when organic soil is formed by humus such as fallen leaves.
上記の１．〜４．についての結果より、製鋼スラグの防草効果は、製鋼スラグの表流水及び浸出水がアルカリ性を呈するため、植物の根系の水分吸収、養分吸収を阻害し、発芽時期、根系の伸長時期にある植物の定着を防止するものであり、製鋼スラグを敷設面の地下に定植した苗木あるいは定着済みの植物に対しては、土壌のアルカリ吸着および中和作用により、その育成を阻害しないことがわかる。 Above 1. ~ 4. According to the results, the herbicidal effect of steelmaking slag is that the surface water and leachate of steelmaking slag are alkaline, which inhibits the water absorption and nutrient absorption of the plant root system, and the plant is in the germination time and root system growth time It can be seen that the seedlings or plants that have been planted with steelmaking slag in the basement of the laying surface are not hindered by the soil's alkali adsorption and neutralization.
５．製鋼スラグの粒度特性について
次に、製鋼スラグを用いた防草材の最適な粒度に関して、以下にまとめる。
製鋼スラグの粒度は冷却凝固工程により異なるが、凝固後の粒度は概ね０〜数１０ｃｍの大きさで、凹凸の多い形状をしているため、大塊であっても表流水及び浸出水がアルカリ性を呈するのに十分な表面積を有している。このため、防草効果に関しては、粒度によらず効果が期待できる。しかし、敷設後の表面の平坦性や、敷設作業の容易さ、敷設後の人あるいは車両が通行する際の路盤層としての支持力などを鑑みると、上層路盤材あるいは下層路盤材に使用されるクラッシャラン相当の粒度であることが望ましい。
5. About the particle size characteristic of steelmaking slag Next, it summarizes regarding the optimal particle size of the herbicidal material using steelmaking slag below.
Although the particle size of steelmaking slag varies depending on the cooling and solidification process, the particle size after solidification is generally from 0 to several tens of centimeters and has a shape with many irregularities, so that the surface water and leachate are alkaline even in large lumps. It has a surface area sufficient to exhibit For this reason, regarding the herbicidal effect, an effect can be expected regardless of the particle size. However, in view of the flatness of the surface after laying, the ease of laying work, the support force as the roadbed layer when a person or vehicle passes through, etc., it is used for the upper layer roadbed material or the lower layer roadbed material It is desirable that the particle size be equivalent to a crusher run.
また、植物の定着や生育を阻害する要因として、乾燥状態にあることが挙げられる。このため、防草用製鋼スラグの粒度に関しても水はけを考慮する必要がある。粒子間の目詰まりを防止するためには、４２５μｍ以下の微粒子は少ないことが望ましい。上層路盤材の粒度規格である、Ｍ−４０、Ｍ−３０、Ｍ−２５や、上層路盤材用の道路用鉄鋼スラグの規格であるＭＳ−２５は、締め固めの良い密な層を構築するため、いずれも４２５μｍの篩目を通過する量が、質量％で、１０〜３０％であることが定められており、下層路盤材に比べて微粉分の多い粒度構成となっている。しかし、本発明では、粒子が密になる密度では水はけが悪いので、上層路盤材の規格粒度に基づき４２５μｍのふるいを通過する質量が１０％以下とする。このため、防草用途に用いる製鋼スラグの粒度は、下層路盤材用の道路用鉄鋼スラグの粒度規格である、ＣＳ−４０、ＣＳ−３０、ＣＳ−２０相当粒度であることが望ましいと考えられる。 Moreover, it is mentioned that it is in a dry state as a factor which inhibits plant fixation and growth. For this reason, it is necessary to consider drainage with respect to the grain size of the steelmaking slag for grass protection. In order to prevent clogging between particles, it is desirable that the number of fine particles of 425 μm or less is small. M-40, M-30, and M-25, which are the particle size standards for upper-layer roadbed materials, and MS-25, which is the standard for road-use steel slag for upper-layer roadbed materials, are used to build a dense layer with good compaction. For this reason, it is determined that the amount of passing through the 425 μm sieve is 10% to 30% by mass, and the particle size is larger than that of the lower layer roadbed material. However, in the present invention, drainage is poor at a density where the particles are dense, so the mass passing through a 425 μm sieve is 10% or less based on the standard particle size of the upper layer roadbed material. For this reason, it is thought that it is desirable that the particle size of the steelmaking slag used for the herbicidal application is a particle size standard equivalent to CS-40, CS-30, or CS-20, which is a particle size standard of road steel slag for lower roadbed materials. .
製鋼スラグの敷設厚みに関して、以下にのべる。本発明の施工方法に用いる防草材料の粒度範囲は、防草用途及び施工用地の用途を鑑み、仮設道路や整地に用いる土工用製鋼スラグ砕石粒度及び道路用鉄鋼スラグ粒度を対象とした最大粒度が１００ｍｍ以下となる粒度としており、施工する製鋼スラグの粒度によって、必要となる敷設厚みは異なる。本発明の用途上、最も多用されると考えられる下層路盤材用の道路用鉄鋼スラグの粒度規格である、ＣＳ−３０の０〜３０ｍｍの連続粒度の場合、土壌表層が露出しない均一な層を形成するためには、最大粒度に相当する３０ｍｍ以上の厚みが必要である。即ち、製鋼スラグの粒度が連続粒度である場合には、覆う土壌の最大粒度の粒径を最小値とする厚みであることが望ましく、製鋼スラグの粒度が単粒度やギャップ粒度からなる場合は、覆う土壌の最大粒度の１．５倍程度の厚みが必要である。更に、防草対策を施した用地を、工事用関係車両や資材運搬車両などが走行する表層を設けない道路である仮設道路や、表層を設けない駐車場、広場、資材置場などに利用する際には、用途に応じた支持力及び人あるいは車両の通行、風や雨水による粒子の移動及び飛散に対応しうる敷設厚みが必要であり、下層路盤材相当粒度の場合は５０〜１００ｍｍの厚みにて施工する必要がある。 Regarding the laying thickness of steelmaking slag, the following will be described. The particle size range of the herbicidal material used in the construction method of the present invention is the maximum particle size for steelmaking slag crushed particle size for earthwork and road steel slag particle size used for temporary roads and leveling in consideration of the use of grass protection and construction site. However, the required laying thickness differs depending on the particle size of the steelmaking slag to be constructed. In the case of the continuous particle size of 0-30 mm of CS-30, which is the particle size standard of road steel slag for lower roadbed materials, which is considered to be most frequently used in the application of the present invention, a uniform layer where the soil surface layer is not exposed is used. In order to form, a thickness of 30 mm or more corresponding to the maximum particle size is required. That is, when the particle size of the steelmaking slag is a continuous particle size, it is desirable to have a thickness that minimizes the particle size of the maximum particle size of the soil to be covered, and when the particle size of the steelmaking slag consists of a single particle size or a gap particle size, A thickness of about 1.5 times the maximum grain size of the soil to be covered is required. In addition, when using land with grass prevention measures for temporary roads that do not have a surface layer on which construction-related vehicles or material transporting vehicles travel, parking lots that do not have a surface layer, open spaces, and material storage areas Requires a supporting capacity and a laying thickness that can cope with the passage of people or vehicles, the movement and scattering of particles due to wind and rainwater, and in the case of a particle size equivalent to the lower roadbed material , the thickness is 50 to 100 mm. Need to be installed.
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