JP4744346B2 - Package earth shield machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention, when constructing a tunnel in a natural ground made of soft soil, pushes a package made of a small cylindrical body into the natural ground, and takes the excavated soil taken inside the package into the machine together with the package and discharges it. This is related to one that is performed sequentially over a plurality of columns and rows.

  Conventionally, as a construction method for constructing a tunnel, a submerged construction method, a shield construction method, a push pipe construction method, and the like are generally employed. In the sinking method, a tunnel frame made of iron or concrete prepared in advance on the ground is submerged in the seabed, and the tunnel frame is gradually submerged while sucking up sediment from the sea with a dredger. In this submerging method, the construction cost is low, but in addition to the work of sinking the tunnel frame, the seabed is sucked up by dredgers, so it is necessary to partially block the waterway, Due to the partial digging, the ground at the bottom of the sea has become loose, so the tunnel frame is in an unstable state, and there is always the danger that the buried objects will be damaged if an earthquake occurs.

  On the other hand, when constructing a tunnel in a natural ground, when a shield method or a push pipe method is adopted, an excavator is provided at the tip, and this excavator is pressed against the natural ground from behind with a plurality of shield jacks. The entire section of the natural ground is excavated with a rotating cutter head, and the excavated excavation is carried out of the machine by a screw conveyor or a discharge pipe, which is highly safe during construction.

  Thus, for example, in the shield machine disclosed in Patent Document 1, while a rotary cutter is provided on the front side of a cylindrical shield tube, a front partition is provided at the front end of the shield tube to form a face chamber (chamber). A rear bulkhead is provided behind the front bulkhead, a work chamber is defined between the front bulkhead and the rear bulkhead, and the excavated soil that has been excavated by the rotary cutter into the face chamber is removed by a soil removal device. It is configured to discharge outside the machine. However, if necessary, the chemical solution can be injected by an injection pipe through which a large number of holes formed in the front partition wall are inserted.

  On the other hand, the shield machine disclosed in Patent Document 2 radiates ultrasonic waves from an ultrasonic vibrator into a sealed chamber formed on the rear side of a cutter face, and agitation of a mixture of bubbles ionized from a water injection device. Fluidity with reduced adhesion of viscous soil by supplying water and mixing the ionized stirring water mixed with bubbles into the excavation slot taken into the sealed chamber and adding ultrasonic vibration. A high excavation gap is taken out of the machine by a screw conveyor.

JP 61-142293 A (pages 2 and 3, FIG. 1) JP-A-7-26883 (pages 3-4, FIG. 1)

  In the shield machine described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, a rotary cutter is provided at the front end of the shield frame, and the entire ground is excavated while rotating the rotary cutter with a driving device. Not only does the equipment increase in size, but the power consumption by this drive increases, resulting in very high excavation costs, and the installation work for installing a large shield machine requires a lot of labor. is there.

  In addition, the excavated excavation sludge is collected in a sealed chamber, and in order to improve fluidity, water is poured into the excavation excavation and various chemicals such as additives are injected. The rate of increase in sediment volume with respect to the state of the soil) increases, the amount of excavation sludge transported increases, and excavation sludge injected with chemicals can only be handled as industrial waste soil, resulting in low-use soil and sand disposal. There are problems such as being very difficult.

  Furthermore, since the natural mountain is excavated by a rotary cutter, it is suitable for excavating a tunnel having a circular cross section, but for a tunnel having a rectangular cross section such as a rectangular cross section or a trapezoidal cross section other than circular, There is also a problem that extra excavation work is required to match the rectangular shape.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a low-power and low-cost shield machine in which excavated soil is packaged and collected by pushing a package made of a small cylindrical body into a natural ground made of soft soil. is there.

  The package earth removal type shield machine according to claim 1 is a shield machine that is propelled by a main push jack while adding a push pipe on a shaft side in order to excavate mainly a soft soil formation. A partition wall provided in the vicinity of the front end and a cylindrical body with a closed rear end for excavating natural ground and containing excavated soil for transportation, and equipped with a plurality of cutter bits at the front end of the cylindrical body Equipped with at least one package, a plurality of launch openings for extruding a package formed in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns on the partition, a plurality of closing plates for releasably closing the plurality of launch openings, and behind the partition, A swing drive means for reciprocally swinging the package mounted on the advance port and an advance / retreat drive means capable of driving the package forward by a predetermined stroke and retreating to the return position are provided.

  When constructing a tunnel in a natural ground consisting of soft soil ground with this package earthing shield machine, first, the fuselage is installed in the tunnel excavation passage, at least one package is carried into the fuselage, and multiple rows and multiple columns When the package is advanced to a position where this tip part faces the start port of the partition wall in correspondence with any one of the plurality of start ports formed, the start plate is opened by closing the start port. Keep the opening open.

  As described above, when the package is reciprocally swung by the swing driving means while driving the package advance / retreat driving means and pressing the package against the ground with the package mounted on the start opening, the package is fixed to the tip of the package. The ground is gradually excavated in an annular shape by the thickness of the package by multiple cutter bits, and this excavation gradually pushes the package into the ground, and the cylindrical excavated soil in the ground is crushed. Instead, it is stored in the package as a lump.

  When the package advances forward by a predetermined stroke, the driving of the advance / retreat driving means and the swing driving means is stopped. At this time, the amount of earth and sand corresponding to the predetermined stroke is accommodated in the package in the package state. Therefore, after moving the package with the earth and sand, the starting port is closed with the closing plate, and after the package is further pulled out and taken into the machine, the packaged earth and sand are separated in the machine, Alternatively, the package is raised on the ground via a shaft, loaded on a truck and carried out, and the packaged sediment is discharged to a landfill or the like. Thereafter, the empty package from which the excavated soil has been discharged is transported to the excavation site by a truck, and excavation work is repeated in the same manner at the next starting point.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the package earth-shielding shield machine according to the first aspect, wherein the closing plate is opened and the package is mounted on the starting port while the package is reciprocally swung by the swing driving means. The excavated soil is accommodated in the package by driving the package forward.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a package earth-shielding shield machine according to the first or second aspect, wherein the package has a polygonal outer shape formed by joining a cover plate to the outer peripheral side of the cylindrical body.

  The package earth removal type shield machine according to claim 4 is the one according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a ground cutting mechanism for cutting an edge between the excavated soil and the natural ground in the package is provided in the vicinity of the front end of the package. It is.

  The package earth-shielding shield machine according to claim 5 is configured in any one of claims 1 to 4 such that the package is retracted from the start port after excavating a natural ground with the package and then the start port is closed with a closing plate. It is a thing.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a package earth removal type shield machine according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein a guide mechanism for moving the package in the vertical direction is provided in the vicinity of the partition wall.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the cylindrical body, the partition wall provided in the vicinity of the front end of the body, and the rear end for excavating the natural ground and accommodating the excavated soil for transportation are closed. A cylindrical body, at least one package having a plurality of cutter bits at the front end of the cylindrical body, a plurality of start openings for extruding a package formed in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns on the partition wall, and a plurality of start openings A plurality of closing plates that can be releasably closed, a swing drive means that is mounted behind the partition wall and reciprocally swings the package mounted on the start port, and the package can be driven forward by a predetermined stroke and moved backward to the return position. Possible forward / backward drive means.

  Therefore, it is possible to excavate tunnels having various free cross-sectional shapes depending on the shape of the cylindrical body. Moreover, when constructing a tunnel, the entire cross-section excavation is not performed, the tunnel cross-section is divided into a plurality of excavation locations, and excavation is performed for each excavation section. Since only the portion is excavated and the natural mountain is hollowed out and accommodated in a package and collected, a low-power and low-cost shield machine can be realized.

  Since the natural ground is hollowed out in a cylindrical shape by the package for each of the multiple excavation sections, the excavation can be performed while preventing the natural ground collapse while maintaining the strength of the natural ground by the arch effect. In addition, when excavating with a package, instead of excavating the natural ground in the shape of a gap, a part of the natural ground is cut out in the state and packaged and transported, so that fluidity such as injecting chemicals into the excavated soil is improved. It is possible to eliminate the processing at all and improve the work efficiency.

  Since the excavated soil discharged by the package is not injected with various chemicals to improve the fluidity of the excavated soil, the excavated soil does not fall under the category of industrial waste treatment and does not harm the natural environment. It can be reused as landfill sand. When excavating with a package, a portion of the natural ground is cut out in the state of a natural ground and packaged and transported outside the machine without excavating the natural ground into excavated soil. The rate of increase in sediment volume with respect to the state of the mountain) can be reduced, and the discharge volume can be reduced. Moreover, no chemical or water is injected into the excavated soil, so the soil weight does not increase and the soil disposal process is markedly increased. Can be simplified.

  According to the invention of claim 2, with the opening of the closing plate and mounting the package on the starting port, the package is advanced and retracted by the advancing and retreating driving means while reciprocally swinging the package by the swinging driving means. Since it was comprised so that excavation soil might be accommodated in a package, a natural ground can be excavated reliably and a part of natural ground can be efficiently packaged and accommodated in a package. Other effects similar to those of the first aspect are obtained.

  According to the invention of claim 3, since the outer shape of the package is formed by joining the cover plate to the outer peripheral side of the cylindrical body, the production process for producing the polygonal package is simplified and the production cost is reduced. Reduction can be achieved. In addition, it is possible to omit a tightening device for reciprocally swinging and advancing and retracting the package. Other effects similar to those of the first or second aspect are achieved.

  According to the invention of claim 4, since the ground cutting mechanism for cutting the edge between the excavated soil and the natural ground in the package is provided in the vicinity of the front end of the package, the edge between the excavated soil and the natural ground contained in the package It is possible to simplify and speed up the ground cutting process. Other effects similar to those of any one of claims 1 to 3 are provided.

  According to the invention of claim 5, since the package is retracted from the start port after excavating the natural ground with the package and then the start port is closed with the closing plate, the package is not attached to the start port Thus, it is possible to reliably prevent the earth and sand of the natural mountain from entering the fuselage due to the earth pressure. Other effects similar to those of any one of claims 1 to 4 can be achieved.

  According to the invention of claim 6, since the guide mechanism for moving the package in the vertical direction is provided in the vicinity of the partition wall, the package is moved in the vertical direction to move to a plurality of excavation positions adjacent vertically. Movement is simplified. Other effects similar to those of any one of claims 1 to 5 can be achieved.

  The package earth removal type shield machine of the present embodiment pushes the shield machine into the natural ground at one of a plurality of start ports while pressing the shield machine against the natural ground with a main jack, and the excavated soil accommodated in the package together with the package. After being pulled out and taken into the machine, it is carried out of the machine.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the package earth-shielding shield machine 1 is used for excavating a tunnel in a natural ground M made of soft soil with a sludge-like shape with little soil covering, such as in the vicinity of a bay. A rectangular frame-shaped body 2 which is a main body of the shield machine, a plurality of direction control jacks 3 for controlling the traveling direction of the body 2, a plurality of closing mechanisms 4 mounted on the body 2, and the body 2 And at least one single-hole excavator 5 mounted on the vehicle, and a guide mechanism 6 for moving the single-hole excavator 5 in the vertical direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the body 2 has a predetermined length (for example, about 15 m), and the left and right length (for example, about 16 m in the width dimension) is vertically long (for example, about the height dimension, for example, about It is formed in a rectangular tube shape with a rectangular longitudinal section longer than 10 m)). A partition wall 11 is integrally formed in the vicinity of the front end of the body 2, and circular start ports 11 a are formed in the partition wall 11 in a matrix (5 rows in the vertical direction and 9 columns in the horizontal direction). Further, an auxiliary partition wall 12 parallel to the partition wall 11 is integrally formed on the rear side of the partition wall 11 by a predetermined distance. The auxiliary partition wall 12 is also opposed to the start port 11a of the partition wall 11 so as to face the start port 11a. The same number and the same number of circular holes 12a are formed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a partition wall 13 is formed between the partition wall 11 and the auxiliary partition wall 12 so as to surround each start port 11a and the circular hole 12a facing the start port 11a. . By the way, as shown in FIG. 2, a rectangular frame-shaped jack receiving wall 2a is formed in the vicinity of the rear end of the body 2, and a plurality of directions are provided at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction on the rear side of the jack receiving wall 2a. A control jack 3 is provided. Here, a rectangular frame-shaped press ring 7 is disposed so as to enter the inside of the rear end portion of the body 2, and this press ring 7 is pushed by a main push jack (not shown) via a plurality of push tubes 8. The However, a slide seal 9 is interposed in the gap between the press ring 7 and the rear end portion of the body 2.

  In this case, the main pushing jack is arranged on the shaft side (not shown). Therefore, the body 2 is pressed against the ground M through the push tube 8, the press ring 7, and the direction control jack 3 by the propulsive force of the main push jack. When the propulsion direction of the body 2 is changed, the excavation direction can be controlled to a desired direction by arbitrarily finely adjusting the length of any of the plurality of direction control jacks 3.

Next, the closing mechanism 4 will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, each of the matrix-shaped compartments 15 partitioned by the partition walls 11 and the auxiliary partition walls 12 and the partition walls 13 (vertical partition walls 13 a and horizontal partition walls 13 b) formed vertically and horizontally. A closing mechanism 4 is provided. That is, in each column of the first column to the ninth example, the closing mechanism 4 is provided below the compartment 15 for the first row to the third row, and the compartment 15 for the fourth row to the fifth row. The closing mechanism 4 is provided on the upper side of each. Therefore, the closing mechanism 4 provided in the fifth compartment 15 corresponding to the first column and the fifth row will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The upper end portion (front end portion) of the closing plate 16 is supported by the support shaft 17 in the left-right direction so as to be openable and closable at the upper end portion and the front end portion of the left and right vertical partition walls 13a in contact with the partition wall 11. An opening / closing jack 18 is disposed on the right side of the closing plate 16 so as to face forward. Therefore, the rear side portion of the open / close jack 18 is connected to the upper horizontal partition wall 13b, and the front end portion of the rod 18a of the open / close jack 18 is connected to the distal end portion of the operating arm 16a connected to the right end portion of the closing plate 16. ing. Therefore, when the rod 18a is driven to retract, the closing plate 16 rotates downward to seal the start port 11a from the inside, and when the rod 18a is driven to advance, the closing plate 16 rotates upward. As a result, the start port 11a is opened, and the tip of the package 20 of the single-hole excavator 5 described later can face the start port 11a.

Next, at least one single-hole excavator 5 will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the single-hole excavator 5 includes a package 20 formed of a cylindrical body whose rear end is closed, and a swing drive mechanism 23 (this is a reciprocating swing of the package 20 around the axis). Swing drive means), an advance / retreat drive mechanism 24 (which corresponds to the advance / retreat drive means) capable of driving the package 20 to advance to a predetermined stroke and back to the return position, a part of the guide mechanism 6; A ground cutting mechanism 25 that cuts an edge between the excavated soil accommodated in the package 20 and the natural ground M is provided.

  The package 20 is made of a steel cylinder, and is configured to have an octagonal outer shape by joining eight rectangular cover plates 22 to the outer peripheral side of the cylinder 21. The rear end of the package 20 is closed by a lid member (not shown), and the front end is open. A cutter bit 26 is fixed to each of the eight corners of the front end portion of the opened cylindrical body of the package 20. Therefore, when the package 20 is pushed into the natural ground M, the natural ground M is excavated in an annular shape by the thickness of the package 20 by the plurality of cutter bits 26.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, the inner diameter of the package 20 is Φ1 (for example, about 1.3 m) at the tip portion, whereas Φ2 is larger than Φ1 except at the tip portion. Therefore, when excavating the natural ground M, the sliding friction resistance between the excavated soil on the natural ground M side sequentially accommodated in the package 20 and the inner wall of the package 20 that reciprocally slides is remarkably reduced. .

Next, the swing drive mechanism 23 will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 4 to 8, a support block 30 having a predetermined thickness and having a substantially rectangular shape in front view is disposed so as to correspond to the immediate rear side of the circular hole 12 a formed in the auxiliary partition wall 12. The support block 30 can be moved up and down by a pair of left and right guide rails 50B provided in the guide mechanism 6 described later, but is supported so as not to rotate and to move back and forth with respect to the longitudinal axis.

  A circular through hole 30a is formed in the central portion of the support block 30, and an annular convex groove 30b shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is formed in the inner peripheral portion of the support block 30 adjacent to the through hole 30a. Yes. Therefore, a drive ring body 31 made of a ring member having the same width dimension (length in the front-rear direction) as the support block 30 is fitted into the outer peripheral portion of the through hole 30a, and a concave groove formed in the outer peripheral portion of the drive ring body 31. 31a is fitted in the convex groove 30b. Therefore, the drive ring body 31 is supported so as to be rotatable with respect to the longitudinal axis through the fitting of the convex grooves 30b and the concave grooves 31a.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, an octagonal through-hole 31b is formed in the center side portion of the drive ring body 31, and the octagonal package 20 is inserted into the drive ring body 31 through the through-hole 31b in the front-rear direction. Has penetrated. In other words, the package 20 is supported by the support block 30 via the drive ring body 31 so as to be able to swing back and forth, and is supported so as to be movable back and forth. Here, since the package 20 penetrates the drive ring body 31, the package 20 reciprocally swings integrally with the drive ring body 31.

  As shown in FIGS. 5, 7, and 8, a connecting wall portion 31 c extending rearward by a predetermined length from the support block 30 is integrally formed at the left and right target portions of the drive ring body 31. . On the other hand, protrusions 31d shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 are formed on the left and right ends of the upper end of the support block 30 so as to correspond to the upper side of the connection wall portions 31c.

  In view of this, the vicinity of the lower ends of the pair of left and right swinging jacks 32 disposed downward is supported by each of the pair of left and right protruding portions 31 d so as to be swingable by trunnion support using the support pins 33. And the front-end | tip part (lower end part) of the rod 33a of each rocking jack 32 is connected with the connection part 31e (refer FIG. 5) formed in the connection wall part 31c.

  That is, when the left swing jack 32 is driven to advance and the right swing jack 32 is driven to retract, the package 20 is rotated clockwise in front view through the connecting wall portion 31c and the drive ring body 31. It is rotated. On the other hand, when the left swing jack 32 is driven to retract and the right swing jack 32 is driven to advance, the package 20 is reversed in front view via the connecting wall portion 31c and the drive ring body 31. It is rotated clockwise.

Next, the advance / retreat drive mechanism 24 will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a pair of left and right advance / retreat drive jacks 35 are disposed forwardly in parallel with the length direction of the package 20 so as to approach the package 20. The front end portion of the rod 35b of each advance / retreat drive jack 35 is connected to the connecting wall portion 31c described above, and the front end portion of the jack body portion 35a of each advance / retreat drive jack 35 is connected to the rear end portion of the package 20 via a fixing ring 36. Each has been concluded.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 4, with the rod 35b of the advance / retreat drive jack 35 fully advanced, the package 20 is positioned so that the tip of the package 20 faces the start port 11a, and a pair of rods When 35b is gradually retracted at the same time, a propulsive force that moves forward acts on the package 20, and the package 20 moves forward while being gradually pushed into the ground M.

Next, the ground cutting mechanism 25 provided in the vicinity of the front end of the package 20 will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 9, a rectangular ground plate 40 is disposed on the inner side corresponding to the eight corners in the vicinity of the tip of the package 20. The support shaft 41 is pivotally attached to the package 20 so that it can be opened and closed. In this case, the front end portion of the cylindrical body 21 is partially cut away, and the ground plate 40 can be stored so that the inner surface thereof is flush with the inner surface of the cylindrical body 21.

  Further, a V-shaped notch recess 40 a is formed in the base end portion of the ground cut plate 40 in a side view. On the other hand, an engagement claw 43 elastically biased by a compression coil spring 42 is provided on the cover plate 22 side so as to be able to appear and retract. In this case, a positioning recess 40 b is formed on a part of the rear end surface of the ground plate 40, and a spherical positioning member / shield material 44 is fixed to the front end surface of the cylindrical body 21. Therefore, when the ground cutting plate 40 is switched to the closed state shown by the solid line in FIG. 9, the positioning member / shielding material 44 is fitted into the positioning recess 40b of the ground cutting plate 40, and the ground cutting plate 40 is always in the closed state. It is supposed to be retained.

  However, when the ground cutting operation is performed, when the pressurized air PA is supplied to the air passage 45 formed by the cylindrical body 21 and the cover plate 22, the ground cutting is performed as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. The plate 40 is switched to an open state opened by a predetermined angle on the inner side of the package 20 by the pressurized air PA. At this time, the elastically biased engaging claw 43 is fitted into the notch recess 40a, and the ground plate 40 is held in an open state, so that pressurized air PA supplied from the outside is accommodated inside the package 20. It is injected vigorously toward the excavated soil.

  In this case, when the package 20 is reciprocally swung by the rocking drive mechanism 23, the ground cutting plate 40 forms a dent in the excavated soil inside over a predetermined range. That is, the eight ground cut plates 40 form an annular dent on the entire outer periphery of the excavated soil. Furthermore, at this time, the pressurized air PA is jetted toward the annular dent formed in this way in the excavated soil, and the excavated soil behind the dent is forced to move backward. As a result, the edge of the excavated soil after the dent and the natural ground M is surely cut, and the package 20 can be carried out together with the excavated soil accommodated therein.

Next, the guide mechanism 6 will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, when the first row of excavation work is started, a pair of vertical left and right guide rails 50A and 50B are provided on the vertical partition walls 13a on the left and right sides of the first row. Each is fixed to the vertical wall. In this case, a pair of left and right upper guide rails 50A that are continuous over the first row to the third row are provided, and another pair of left and right sides that are continuous over the fourth row to the fifth row. Lower guide rails 50B are respectively provided.

  That is, the single-hole excavator 5 is movable in the vertical direction by the upper guide rail 50A over the first to third rows, and is moved by the lower guide rail 50B over the fourth to fifth rows. It can move up and down. Therefore, the single-hole excavator 5 performs excavation work at the first excavation position K1 corresponding to the first column / first row, and then the second column corresponding to the first column / second row immediately below. At the second excavation position K2, excavation work is sequentially performed in the order of the third excavation position K3 corresponding to the first column and the third row immediately below.

  Then, excavation work is performed at the fourth excavation position K4 corresponding to the first column / fourth row, and then excavation is sequentially performed in the order of the fifth excavation position K5 corresponding to the first column / fifth row immediately below. Do work. By the way, when excavation work is completed at all the excavation positions K1 to K5 in the first row to the fifth row in the first column, the upper and lower guide rails 50A and 50B are moved from the first column to the second column, and the vertical partition wall In the same manner, excavation work is performed at the excavation positions K6 to K10 in the first to fifth rows.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 3, when the annular first seal member 52 is attached to the peripheral edge of the partition wall 11 facing the start port 11a and the closing plate 16 closes the start port 11a from the inside, the start port 11a is closed. The gap with the plate 16 is sealed by the first seal member 52, and it is possible to reliably prevent the earth and sand of the natural ground M from entering the compartment 15 due to the earth pressure. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, an annular second seal member 53 is also attached to the peripheral edge of the auxiliary partition wall 12 facing the circular hole 12 a, so that even when earth or sand enters the compartment 15, It is surely prevented from entering the inside.

  The second seal member 53 is configured in the same manner as the drive ring body 31 described above, and a convex groove that engages with a concave groove formed in the peripheral edge portion of the auxiliary partition wall 12 is omitted in the outer peripheral portion. It is formed in an annular shape, an octagonal opening is formed on the inner peripheral side, and the package 20 can be inserted in a penetrating manner.

Next, the operation of the package earthing shield machine 1 will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a package earth removal shield machine 1 is installed in a tunnel excavation passage in the traveling direction. In this case, as described above, the body 2 is pressed against the natural ground M side by the main push jack through the plurality of push tubes 8, the press ring 7, and the direction control jack 3.

  Therefore, the first excavation position K1 in the first column / first row and the fifth excavation position K5 in the first column / fifth row, and the 21st excavation position K21 and the fifth column / first in the fifth column / first row. The excavation work is simultaneously performed at the 25th excavation position K25 in the fifth row, the 41st excavation position K41 in the ninth column / first row, and the 45th excavation position K45 in the ninth column / fifth row.

Here, the excavation work at the fifth excavation position K5 corresponding to the first column and the fifth row will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the single-hole excavator 5 is prepared at the fifth excavation position K5. That is, a support block 30 equipped with a drive ring body 31 and a pair of left and right swing jacks 32 is supported between a pair of lower guide rails 50B and held at a height position corresponding to the fifth excavation position K5. Yes.

  Therefore, the package 20 is transferred in a substantially horizontal posture by a transfer mechanism (not shown), and the front end of the package 20 is transferred from the rear side of the body 2 to a position in front of the start port 11a by a predetermined distance (for example, about 2 m). The front end portion of 20 is positioned at a preparation position facing the start port 11a through a closing plate.

  As described above, when the package 20 is positioned at the preparation position, the fixing ring 36 is fixed to the rear end portion of the package 20, and the front end portions of the pair of advancing / retreating drive jack main body portions 35a are fixed to the fixing ring 36, respectively. In addition, the front end portion of each rod 35b extended to the maximum is connected to the corresponding connecting wall portion 31c. At this time, the rod 18a of the open / close jack 18 is driven to advance, the closing plate 16 rotates upward to assume a substantially horizontal posture, and the start port 11a opens.

  And if the front-end | tip part of the package 20 is positioned in the excavation start state which faces the start opening 11a, excavation will be started. First, the pair of advancing and retracting drive jacks 35 are simultaneously retracted and driven, so that the tip of the package 20 is pressed against the ground M. In this pressing state, the pair of swing jacks 32 are driven so as to alternately advance and retract.

  Therefore, as described above, the package 20 is pivoted and rotated alternately in a counterclockwise direction and a clockwise direction over a predetermined range (for example, about 45 °) in a front view. Thus, the package 20 is reciprocally swung while being pressed against the ground M, so that the ground M is annularly formed by the thickness of the package 20 by the plurality of cutter bits 26 fixed to the tip of the package 20. Since the package 20 is gradually pushed into the natural ground M while being excavated, the cylindrical excavated soil of the natural ground M is sequentially accommodated in the package 20.

  At this time, since the outer shape of the package 20 is an octagon, only eight corners of the outer surface of the package 20 slide with the natural ground M. Therefore, the outer surface of the reciprocally swinging package 20 and the natural ground M The sliding frictional resistance is remarkably reduced and, as described above, the inner diameter (Φ1) at the tip of the package 20 is smaller than the other inner diameter (Φ2). Since the sliding frictional resistance with the excavated soil to be accommodated is also greatly reduced, the driving force of the swing jack 32 can be reduced, and the durability of the package 20 can be improved.

  Thus, when the package 20 advances forward by a predetermined stroke (for example, about 2 m), the retreat drive of the pair of advance / retreat drive jacks 35 is simultaneously stopped. At this time, about 2 m of excavated soil is accommodated in the package 20. Accordingly, the pressurized air PA is supplied to the air passage 45 in the package 20 while the package 20 reciprocally swings. As a result, the ground cutting device 25 operates as described above, and the eight ground cutting plates 40 are simultaneously switched to the open state by the pressurized air PA (see FIG. 9).

  As a result, an annular dent is formed on the entire outer periphery of the excavated soil by the eight ground cutting plates 40, and pressurized air PA is jetted toward the dent. The edge with the mountain M is cut securely, and the excavated soil behind the dent is forcibly moved backward and compressed. Accordingly, since the pressurized air PA is continuously supplied even after the ground is cut, the excavated soil accommodated in the package 20 is hardened in a compressed state without leaking to the outside from the front end portion of the package 20.

  Thus, when the edge cutting operation with the natural ground M is completed, the package 20 is then moved backward by a predetermined distance (for example, about 2 m). Then, the rod 18a of the open / close jack 18 is driven to retract, and the closing plate 16 rotates downward to seal the starting port 11a from the inside. Therefore, the earth and sand of the natural ground M are reliably prevented from entering the compartment 15.

  Thereafter, the pair of forward / backward drive jacks 35 fixed to the fixing ring 36 are removed, and the fixing ring 36 is also removed. After the package 20 is moved to the rear of the body 2 by the transfer mechanism, the package 20 Is lifted to the ground via a shaft, loaded onto a truck and carried out. Then, the excavated soil accommodated in the package 20 is discharged to a landfill or the like at the destination.

  In this manner, the package 20 discharged from the excavated soil is transported to the excavation site by the truck. Meanwhile, the spare package 20 is installed at the next fourth excavation position K4, and the excavation work is repeatedly performed as described above. However, when the excavation work is continued at the other excavation position K4 using the package 20 that has been excavated, the ground cutting board 40 protruding into the package 20 is brought into the original closed state by the operator. Switched. Then, the package 20 is moved to the upper fourth excavation position K4 by the guide mechanism 6 and the excavated soil is continuously accommodated in the package 20 at the fourth excavation position K4. You may make it carry out.

  Thus, when excavation is completed at all excavation positions K1 to K45, the push tube 8 is added, and the trunk is advanced by a predetermined distance by the main push jack. At this time, the remaining soil in the die-cut state that remains without being excavated is crushed and pushed to the natural ground M side. That is, the remaining soil pushed to the natural ground M side is excavated by the next excavation work. In this way, rectangular tunnels are constructed in sequence.

The package earth shield type shield machine 1 described above has the following effects.
Depending on the shape of the cylindrical body 2, tunnels having various free cross-sectional shapes can be excavated. In addition, when constructing a tunnel, the entire cross-section excavation is not performed, the tunnel cross-section is divided into a plurality of excavation locations, and excavation is performed for each excavation section. Since only the wall thickness is excavated and the natural ground M is cut out into a cylindrical shape and accommodated in the package 20 and collected, a low power and low cost shield machine can be realized.

  In each excavation section divided into a plurality of excavation sections, the natural ground M is hollowed out in a cylindrical shape by the package 20, so that excavation is performed while preventing the natural ground collapse by maintaining the natural ground strength of the natural ground M by the arch effect. can do. Further, when excavating with the package 20, the natural ground M is not excavated in a slit shape, but a part of the natural ground M is hollowed out into a cylindrical shape and packaged and transported, so that a chemical solution is injected into the excavated soil. Thus, it is possible to eliminate the need for any process for improving fluidity, and to improve the work efficiency.

  Since the excavated soil discharged by the package 20 is not injected with various chemicals for improving the fluidity of the excavated soil, the excavated soil does not fall within the scope of industrial waste treatment and does not harm the natural environment. Can be reused as landfill for landfill. When excavating with the package 20, the excavated ground M is not excavated into the excavated soil, but a part of the natural ground M is cut out in the state of the natural ground M and packaged and transported outside the machine. The dandruff rate (the rate at which the sediment volume increases with respect to the state of the natural ground M) can be reduced, and the discharge volume can be reduced. Moreover, since no chemicals or water is injected into the excavated soil, the soil weight can increase. In addition, the soil removal process can be greatly simplified.

  In the state where the closing plate 16 is opened and the package 20 is mounted on the start opening 11a, the package 20 is moved forward and backward by the swing drive mechanism 23, and the package 20 is driven forward by the advance / retreat drive mechanism 24. Therefore, the natural ground M can be reliably excavated, and a part of the natural ground M can be efficiently packaged and accommodated in the package 20.

  Since the package 20 has a polygonal outer shape formed by joining the cover plate 22 to the outer peripheral side of the cylindrical body 21, the manufacturing process for manufacturing the polygonal package 20 can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. it can. In addition, it is possible to omit a tightening device for reciprocally swinging and advancing and retracting the package 20.

  Since the ground cutting mechanism 25 for cutting the edge between the excavated soil in the package 20 and the natural ground M is provided in the vicinity of the front end of the package 20, the ground cutting for cutting the edge between the excavated soil accommodated in the package 20 and the natural ground M is provided. Processing can be simplified and speeded up.

  Since the package 20 is retreated from the start port 11a after excavating the natural ground M with the package 20, the start port 11a is closed with the closing plate 16, so that the package 20 is not attached to the start port 11a. It is possible to reliably prevent the earth and sand of the natural ground M from entering the body 2 due to the earth pressure.

  Since the guide mechanism 6 for moving the package 20 in the vertical direction is provided in the vicinity of the partition wall 11, the package 20 is moved in the vertical direction, so that the movement to a plurality of excavation positions adjacent in the vertical direction is simplified.

Next, a modified embodiment in which the above embodiment is partially modified will be described.
1) First Modification As shown in FIG. 10, the ground cutting mechanism 25A may be partially changed, and the edge with the natural ground M may be cut by the rolled cutter bit 26A. That is, at the corner of the tip of the package 20, the cutter bit 26 </ b> A is configured to be switchable between the excavating posture shown by the solid line and the rolling posture shown by the two-dot chain line by the support shaft 55. A sealing member 56 that closes the air passage 45 is fitted in a front end portion of the air passage 45 including the cover plate 22 so as to be movable back and forth.

  Here, the cutter bit 26A is always held in an excavation posture by a tension coil spring (not shown). Further, an ejection passage 21 a is formed through which the pressurized air PA can be ejected into the package 20 when the sealing member 56 moves from the normal position indicated by the solid line to the operating position indicated by the two-dot chain line.

  Therefore, when the ground cutting operation is performed, when the pressurized air PA is supplied to the air passage 45, the sealing member 56 is moved from the normal position to the operating position on the distal end side by the air pressure. At this time, the slope of the rear end portion of the cutter bit 26A is pushed forward by the sealing member 56, so that the cutter bit 26A rotates by a predetermined angle around the support shaft 55 and comes into contact with the stopper pin 58 to be in a rolling posture. Switched. At the same time, the pressurized air PA is jetted vigorously toward the excavated soil accommodated in the package 20 through the jet passage 45.

  In this case, since the package 20 is reciprocally rocked by the rocking drive mechanism 23, the cutter bit 26A switched to the rolling posture forms a dent in the excavated soil inside the package 20 over a predetermined range. . Therefore, as in the above-described embodiment, an annular dent is formed over the entire outer peripheral portion of the tip of the excavated soil accommodated in the package 20 over a predetermined width.

  Furthermore, at the same time, the pressurized air PA is intensively jetted toward the dent scar through the ejection passage 21a, and the excavated soil behind the dent scar is forcibly moved backward, and excavation after the dent scar is performed. The partition which cuts the edge of the soil and the natural ground M is surely performed.

2) Second Modification As shown in FIG. 11, the ground cutting mechanism 25 </ b> B may be partially changed, and the ground cutting with the ground mountain M may be performed with the ground claw. That is, at the corner of the front end of the package 20, an opening is formed at the front end of the air passage 45 composed of the cylindrical body 21 and the cover plate 22 so as to communicate with the air passage 45 and partially overlap with the air passage 45. An accommodating portion 45A is formed, and a pair of front and rear hard rubber valve bodies 60 are accommodated in the opening accommodating portion 45A so as to face each other.

  Each of the pair of valve bodies 60 is attached with a cutter member 61 having a saw blade cross section on the inner surface corresponding to the inner side of the package 20. Here, the pair of valve bodies 60 are held in the storage position by this basic posture, and the cutter member 61 attached thereto is also held in the storage position. Therefore, when pressurized air PA is supplied to the air passage 45 when performing the ground cutting operation, the pair of valve bodies 60 are simultaneously switched to the operating positions indicated by the two-dot chain line by this air pressure, and at the same time the cutter member 61 is also switched to the operating position indicated by the two-dot chain line.

  At the same time, the pressurized air PA is vigorously injected from between the pair of valve bodies 60 and the cutter member 61 toward the excavated soil accommodated in the package 20. In this case, since the package 20 is reciprocally rocked by the rocking drive mechanism 23, the plurality of cutter members 61 switched to the operating position are used to remove the tip of the excavated soil accommodated in the package 20 as in the above-described embodiment. An annular dent is formed over a predetermined width on the entire outer peripheral portion.

  At the same time, the pressurized air PA is intensively injected toward the dent of the excavated soil, and the excavated soil behind the dent is forcibly moved rearward. The partition which cuts the edge with the mountain M is surely performed.

3) Third Modification As shown in FIG. 12, the ground cutting mechanism 25C is changed so that the swing drive mechanism 23A also has a ground cutting function, and the closing mechanism 4A is composed of a pair of upper and lower shielding mechanisms 65. , 70 may be used. That is, the support block 30A is configured to have a size larger than that of the above-described embodiment in the length in the front-rear direction, and the spherical drive ring body 31A is fitted into the through hole 30a formed in the central portion of the support block 30A. It is.

  That is, the outer peripheral surface of the drive ring body 31A is formed in a partial spherical shape, and the support block 30A that fits and supports the drive ring body 31A has a partial spherical support surface that can be engaged with the partial spherical outer peripheral surface of the drive ring body 31A. Is formed. That is, the drive ring body 31A is rotatably supported by the support block 30A over 360 °.

  On the other hand, the upper shielding mechanism 65 includes an outer first shielding plate 66 provided on the upper side of the start opening 11a, a second shielding plate 67 fitted inside the first shielding plate 66 so as to be able to appear and retract, and both of the first shielding plates 66. , Drive jacks (not shown) for driving the second shielding plates 66 and 67, respectively. The lower shielding mechanism 70 includes an outer third shielding plate 71 provided on the lower side of the start opening 11a, a fourth shielding plate 72 fitted in the third shielding plate 71 so as to be retractable, and both of these. A drive jack (not shown) for driving the third and fourth shielding plates 71 and 72 is provided.

  During excavation work by the package 20, a pair of left and right rocking jacks 32 are driven to alternately advance and retract as in the above-described embodiment. For this reason, as in the above-described embodiment, the package 20 is alternately swung counterclockwise and clockwise over a predetermined range (for example, about 45 °) in a front view.

  On the other hand, when the ground is cut off, the pair of swing jacks 32 are simultaneously driven to alternately perform the advance operation and the retreat operation. Therefore, when these swinging jacks 32 are driven to advance simultaneously, the rear end portion of the package 20 moves downward, and the front end portion of the package 20 conversely moves upward by a minute distance. Further, when these swinging jacks 32 are simultaneously retracted, the rear end portion of the package 20 moves upward, and the front end portion of the package 20 conversely moves downward by a minute distance.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 12, the front end portion of the package 20 alternately repeats upward and downward movements, so that the edge between the excavated soil accommodated in the package 20 and the natural ground M is surely cut. When the ground is cut, the pressurized air PA may be ejected from the tip of the package 20 toward the inside of the package 20. Further, the reciprocating rocking and the vertical rocking of the package 20 may be alternately repeated.

  Thus, after the ground cutting operation is completed, each drive jack is driven forward when the package 20 is moved backward by a predetermined distance. As a result, the second shielding plate 67 is moved downward, and the first shielding plate 66 is moved further downward than the second shielding plate 67, so that the upper half of the start port 11 a is surely secured by the first shielding plate 66. Blocked. Further, since the fourth shielding plate 72 is moved upward and the third shielding plate 71 is moved further upward than the fourth shielding plate 72, the lower half of the start port 11a is reliably secured by the third shielding plate 71. Blocked.

4) When the package 20 containing the excavated soil is carried out of the machine, the tip of the package 20 may be closed with a cap member. Thereby, it can prevent reliably that the excavated soil accommodated in the inside overflows during conveyance of the package 20.

5) The outer shape of the package 20 is not limited to an octagon, but may be a polygon such as a quadrangle, or may be a circle.

6) The outer shape of the body 2 may be a trapezoid, a complex polygon, or a circle in addition to a rectangular shape.

7) The guide mechanism 6 is composed of upper and lower guide rails 50A and 50B, and the single-hole excavator 5 is configured to be movable up and down. However, the upper and lower guide rails 50A and 50B are movable in the left and right directions, that is, sequentially You may make it comprise so that a movement to this row is possible. Further, a short guide rail having a length corresponding to one excavation position may be provided, and the short guide rail may be configured to be movable in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.

8) As a soil discharging method after excavation by the package 20, the excavated soil may be discharged from the package 20 in the machine, and the excavated soil may be discharged outside the machine by a conveyor or a drain pipe provided in the machine. In this case, the utilization efficiency of the package 20 can be improved.

9) The swing jack 32 used in the swing drive mechanism 23 may be an air cylinder using compressed air, a hydraulic cylinder using hydraulic pressure, or an electric motor.

10) The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention by adding various modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The present invention includes those modifications.

It is a front view of the package earth removal type shield machine concerning the example of the present invention. It is a BB line vertical side view of FIG. It is a principal part expanded partial side view of FIG. It is a perspective view of the package earth removal type shield machine concerning the example of the present invention. It is a partial enlarged front view of a package earth removal type shield machine. It is a partial enlarged plan view of a package earth removal type shield machine. It is the GG line vertical side view of FIG. It is the HH line crossing top view of FIG. It is a principal part expansion longitudinal cross-sectional view of a package. FIG. 10 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 9 according to a first modification. FIG. 10 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 9 according to a second modification. FIG. 5 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 4 according to a third modification.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Package earthing type shield machine 2 Body 4 Closure mechanism 4A Closure mechanism 5 Single hole excavator 6 Guide mechanism 8 Push tube 11 Bulkhead 11a Starting port 16 Closure plate 20 Package 21 Cylindrical body 22 Cover plate 23 Oscillation drive mechanism 24 Advance drive Mechanism 25 Ground cutting mechanism 25A Ground cutting mechanism 25B Ground cutting mechanism 25C Ground cutting mechanism 26 Cutter bit 30 Support block 30A Support block 31 Drive ring body 31A Drive ring body 32 Oscillating jack 35 Advance / retreat drive jack 50A Guide rail 50B Guide rail 56 Sealing Member 60 Valve body 61 Cutter member 65 Upper shielding mechanism 70 Lower shielding mechanism M Chichiyama

Claims (6)

In the shield machine that is propelled by the main push jack while adding the push pipe on the shaft side to excavate mainly the soft soil formation,
A tubular body,
A partition wall provided in the vicinity of the front end of the fuselage;
A cylindrical body having a closed rear end for excavating natural ground and containing excavated soil for transport, and at least one package having a plurality of cutter bits at the front end of the cylindrical body;
A plurality of starting openings for extruding a package formed in a plurality of rows and columns on the partition;
A plurality of closing plates for releasably closing the plurality of starting openings;
Rocking drive means mounted on the rear of the partition wall and reciprocatingly swinging the package mounted on the start opening; and advance / retreat drive means capable of driving the package forward by a predetermined stroke and driving backward to a return position;
Package earthing shield machine characterized by comprising   The excavated soil is accommodated in the package by opening and closing the package by the advancing and retracting drive means while reciprocally swinging the package by the swing driving means in a state where the closing plate is opened and the package is mounted on the start opening. The package earth-shielding shield machine according to claim 1, wherein   3. The package earth-shielding shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the package has a polygonal outer shape formed by joining a cover plate to the outer peripheral side of the cylindrical body.   The package earth-discharging shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a ground cutting mechanism for cutting an edge between excavated soil and ground in the package is provided in a vicinity of a front end of the package.   5. The package earth shield according to claim 1, wherein the package is retracted from the starting port after excavating a natural ground with the package and then the starting port is closed with a closing plate. Machine.   The package earth-shielding shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a guide mechanism for moving the package in the vertical direction is provided in a vicinity of the partition wall.

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