JP4742036B2 - 7a5/プログノスチンおよび腫瘍の診断および治療のためのその使用 - Google Patents
7a5/プログノスチンおよび腫瘍の診断および治療のためのその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
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Description
Streit Met al., Adhesion receptors in malignant transformation and dissemination ofgastrointestinal tumours. Recent Results Cancer Res. 1996; 142:19-50. Imai K,et al. Regulation ofintegrin function in the metastasis of colorectal cancer, Nippon Geka GakkaiZasshi. 1998 Jul; 99(7):415-8. KrauseT, Turner GA. Are selectins involved in metastasis? Clin Exp Metastasis. 1999 May;17(3):183-92 PorteraCA Jr, et al. Moleculardeterminants of colon cancer metastasis. SurgOncol. 1998 Nov-Dec;7(3-4):183-95
適切な各医薬製剤は、製薬−物理学の知識に基づく処方および手法にしたがって調製することができる。これらの処方および手法は当業者によく知られている。
a)新規に同定された7a5/プログノスチンcDNAの配列を各推定タンパク質配列とともに提供し、その中で特徴的相互作用ドメインを表示する(図3)。
b)インビトロ系において、7a5/プログノスチンcDNAをトランスフェクトするとヒト結腸癌細胞の成長増加および遊走増加になる。
c)皮下および同所性の両動物モデルにおけるインビボ実験では、トランスフェクトされた細胞クローン内で成長特性の増加が検出された。同所性モデルでは、さらに肝臓における転移の形成が生じた。
d)結腸癌患者の原発腫瘍、転移および対応する健常組織内での相対的7a5/プログノスチンmRNA発現を求める。
e)結腸癌患者の原発腫瘍内での相対的7a5/プログノスチンmRNA発現を求める。
配列番号1:7a5/プログノスチンのcDNA配列を示す。
配列番号2:7a5/プログノスチンのタンパク質配列を示す。
配列番号3〜配列番号6:実施例で使用するオリゴヌクレオチドを示す。
配列番号7:実施例由来の例示的siRNA分子を示す。
7a5/プログノスチンmRNAの発現レベル(リアルタイムRT−PCR)に基づく転移性拡散の予後
患者およびヒト組織
71人の患者が本研究に参加した。本研究は説明を受けた上での患者の同意の下に実施した。ヒト原発性結腸腫瘍(44患者由来46サンプル)、転移(41患者由来52サンプル)および健常組織(37粘膜サンプル、18肝組織サンプル、1肺組織サンプルおよび1リンパ節;40患者より採取)を手術時に液体窒素中でショックフリーズし、以後の解析用に−80℃で保存した。該サンプルはRobert-Roessle-Klinik, Berlinの腫瘍バンクに保存した。Robert-Roessle-Klinikの病理学者がTNM状態を測定した。
各組織の連続凍結切片をRNA単離用(10μm)および免疫組織化学用(5μm)に調製した。腫瘍細胞集団の顕微解剖では、組織当たり10番目毎の凍結切片を病理学者がhaemalaun染色後に評価した。DNアーゼインキュベーション段階を使用して顕微解剖の細胞集団からトータルRNAを単離した(High Pure RNA Tissue Kit, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, DE)。RNA濃度は、マイクロプレート蛍光リーダーで求め(RiboGreen RNA Quantitation Kit,Molecular Probes via MoBiTec, Goettingen,DE)、重複調製物においてリボソームRNA検定曲線から算出した(EasySoftG200/Easy-Fit Software, SLT-Labinstruments, Crailsheim, DE)。腫瘍細胞株からのトータルRNAの単離はトリゾル試薬(Trizol Reagent)(Invitrogen)を用いて実施した。
RNAimageDifferential Display System 3(GenHunter Corp.,Nashville, TN)を用いてディファレンシャルディスプレイRT−PCRを実施した。同梱の3種の各1塩基アンカープライマーを製造元の指示書にしたがって、反応当たりトータルRNA200ngの逆転写のために使用した。ディファレンシャルディスプレイPCRは推奨プロトコルにしたがって実施し、この場合、標識であるα−[33P]dATP(NENLife Science, Zaventum, Belgium)およびAmpliTaqポリメラーゼ(Applied Biosystems,Weiterstadt, DE)を使用した。PCR産物を5%ポリアクリルアミドゲル上で分離した。該ゲルをブロットし、乾燥し、X線フィルム(KodakBioMax MR, via Sigma, Deisenhofen,DE)に一晩曝露した。該フィルムを再度ゲルと比較し、発現差を示すバンドを切り出した。これらのcDNA断片をPCRで再増幅した。該増幅は、ディファレンシャルディスプレイRT−PCRで使用したものと同一のプライマーの組み合わせおよびPCR条件を使用して行った;最後に、該cDNA断片をベクターpCR2.1内へクローニングした(本明細書中で記載されるコンストラクトへの指針:pCR2.1/7a3、pCR2.1/7a5、pCR2.1/7a10、OriginalTA Cloning Kit, Invitrogen)。
pCR2.1コンストラクト(本明細書中に記載の:pCR2.1/7a3、pCR2.1/7a5、pCR2.1/7a10)をそれぞれ5ナイロンメンブレン上にブロットした。このブロットはMinifold II Slotblot Apparatus(Schleicher & Schuell,Dassel, DE)を使用して行った。各メンブレンを指定組織タイプから作成された完全なディファレンシャルディスプレイRT−PCR産物とハイブリダイズさせた(Consalez et al. 1996)。高い比活性を得るために、ディファレンシャルディスプレイRT−PCR産物をα−[32P]dCTP(NEN)で再標識し(RandomPrimed Labelling Kit, Roche Diagnostics)、精製した(NucleotideRemoval Kit, QIAGEN, Hilden, DE)。ハイブリダイゼーションを65℃で一夜実施した(6xSSC、5xデンハート試薬(Denhardt’s Reagent)、0.5% SDS、100μg/ml剪断DNA)。ブロットをX線フィルム(KodakXomat-AR)に曝露した。ディファレンシャルディスプレイRT−PCRで認められたパターンと類似の発現パターンを示すコンストラクトの挿入断片をシークエンシングした(Invitek, Berlin, DE)。
SW480細胞株由来ヒト結腸直腸腺癌STRETCH PLUS cDNAライブラリー(Clontech,Heidelberg, DE)を宿主細菌株Y1090 r−内へトランスフェクトした。Optitran強化ニトロセルロースメンブレン(Schleicher& Schuell)を使用して2フィルターレプリカを作成した。このフィルターを変性(0.5N NaOH、1MNaCl)させ、中和(0.5Mトリス pH8、1M NaCl)した。Random Primed LabellingKit(Roche Diagnostics)を用いてコンストラクトpCR2.1/7a5をα−[32P]dCTP(NEN)で標識し、そしてプローブとして使用した。ハイブリダイゼーションを65℃で一夜実施した(5xSSC、5xデンハート試薬、0.1% SDS、100μg/ml剪断DNA)。その後、このフィルターをX線フィルム(Kodak Xomat-AR)に曝露した。ポジティブプラークを選択した。Lambda-DNA Preparation Kit(QIAGEN)を用いてDNA調製を実施した。cDNA挿入断片をシークエンシングした(Invitek)。
ディファレンシャルディスプレイRT−PCRおよびcDNAライブラリスクリーニングによって得られた配列をデータベース解析のために使用した。該解析はすべてHeidelbergの DKFZ(http://genius.embnet.dkfz-heidelberg.de)に属するバイオコンピューティングサービスグループのサーバー上のWWW2HUSARAnalysis Packageを用いて実施した。配列同一性を示すESTクラスターを求め、このクラスターはゲノムDNA配列断片AC007001上に位置していた。別の3ESTクラスターは5’方向に位置していた。同定されたESTクラスターが7a5cDNAの部分であるかどうかを検査するために、発明者らはEST連結RT−PCR(GeneAmp RNA PCR Kit, Applied Biosystems)を実施した。新規配列情報および重複領域において配列類似性を示すSH3BP4のcDNA配列を使用して、発明者らはゲノムDNA配列断片AC005083上に位置しているESTクラスターを同定した。当該同定されたESTが7a5cDNAの部分であるかどうかを検査するために、Long-distanceRT−PCR(逆転写:Expand Reverse Transcriptase;PCR:Expand High Fidelity PCR、共にRocheDiagnosticsから入手)を実施した。
5’−RACEを実施した。この場合、SMART RACE cDNA Amplification Kit(Clontech)を製造元の指示書にしたがって使用した。アガロースゲル上で分離されたPCR産物を再増幅し、シークエンシング用にベクターpCR2.1(Invitrogen)にクローニングした。
Long distance RT−PCRを上記のように実施した。変更点は終止コドンなしでORF全体の増幅用プライマーを使用したことであった。5’末端のプライマーは、ベクターpcDNA3.1D/V5−His−TOPO(pcDNA3.1Directional TOPO Expression Kit, Invitrogen)内へのORFの定方向クローニングが正しいフレームで可能であるように設計した。クローニング手順は製造元の指示書にしたがって実施した。予想される挿入断片を含有するコンストラクト(pcDNA3.1D/7a5−V5−His)をシークエンシングした。
7a5遺伝子の生物学的機能を解析するために、7a5を発現するpcDNA3.1D/7a5−V5−HisコンストラクトおよびLacZを発現するpcDNA3.1D/V5−His/lacZコンストラクト(Invitrogen、コントロールとして供給)をSW480細胞内へ(形質)導入した。該導入はリポフェクチン(Invitrogen)を製造元の指示書にしたがって使用して行った。5x104細胞の形質導入には、プラスミドDNA10μgおよびリポフェクチン15μlを使用した。形質導入の48時間後に、コンストラクトを保持するクローンをG418(Invitrogen)含有培地中で選択した。2週間後にコロニーを観察した。次いでこのコロニーをリングクローニング(ring-cloned)し、以後の実験用に増殖させた。単離されたすべての細胞クローンをウエスタンブロットおよびリアルタイムRT−PCRによって7a5またはLacZの発現のためにスクリーニングした。
7a5形質導入型、lacZ形質導入型および野生型SW480細胞を1%SDS、10mMトリス−HCl、2mMEDTAに溶解し、そのライセートを7.5%ポリアクリルアミドゲル上で分離した。エレクトロブロッティング(1時間、TransBlot - Semi Dry Transfer Cell, BioRad, Munich, DE)後に、発現された7a5タンパク質を検出した。該検出は抗V5抗体(Invitrogen)および二次抗マウス−HRP抗体(Promega,Madison, WI)を使用して行った。ECL溶液(Amersham Biosciences, Freiburg, DE)を製造元の指示書にしたがって使用し、化学発光反応を実施した。
トータルRNA50ngを用いて逆転写酵素反応(RT)を実施した(MuLV ReverseTranscriptase, Applied Biosystems)。各定量的リアルタイムPCR(95℃60秒間、45サイクルの95℃10秒間、60℃10秒間、72℃20秒間)では、RT容量の1/5をLightCyclerを使用して採取した(LightCyclerDNA Master Hybridization Probes Kit, Roche Diagnostics)。7a5およびハウスキーピング遺伝子グルコース−6−リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(G6PDH)の発現を同一RT反応由来の2調製物中で求めた。7a5には136bpアンプリコンおよびG6PDHには136bpアンプリコンをプライマーによって製造した。これらは遺伝子特異的なフルオレシンおよびLCRed640標識ハイブリダイゼーションプローブによって認識される(プライマーおよびプローブの合成:BioTeZおよびTIB MolBiol, 共にBerlin,DE)。細胞株SW620由来の校正(calibrator)cDNAを各実施での連続希釈物中で並行して使用した。
プライマー:
フォワード:5’ - ttc ttt tga ttc ctc cgg tga - 3’(配列番号3)
リバース:5’ - act ctg atg ggc atg tgc tg - 3’(配列番号4)
プローブ(本事例:Light Cyclerとともに使用する):
5’ - gca gac ttcctc aag aaa ttc tgg aag atc ta - 3’ - FITC(配列番号5)
LCRed - 5’ - agtgtt tca gaa ctt ctg gac att tta gac ga - 3’(配列番号6)
アニーリング温度:60℃;サイクル数:45
軟寒天中の細胞成長を評価するため、あらかじめ50℃に加熱した1%寒天(Difco, Detroit, MI)5mlをDMEM培地(2倍濃縮物、w/oフェノールレッド、Invitrogen)5mlと混合した。該培地には10%FCSおよび抗生物質が補充されていた。5x104細胞を含有する細胞懸濁物200μlをその軟寒天混合物10mlにすばやく加え、徹底的に混合し、5mlアリコートとして60mmペトリ皿に注ぎ込み、5分間氷上に置いた。7a5形質導入細胞クローン、lacZ形質導入細胞クローンおよび野生型SW480細胞を軟寒天中で8日間二通りに培養し、コロニーをカウントした。
トランスウェルメンブレンチャンバー(孔サイズ12.0μm、Costar, Heidelberg, DE)をRPMI1640培地1mlで平衡化し、その培地は5%CO2条件下37℃で24時間10%FCSで補充されている。その後その培地を除去し、2.5x105細胞を含有する細胞懸濁物0.5mlをフィルターメンブレンチャンバーに加え、培地1.5mlを下部チャンバーに加えた。細胞播種の24時間後に、メンブレンを通過して下部チャンバー内へ遊走した細胞の数をカウントした(3通りに実施)。
この腫瘍のインビボ成長のためには、1x107の7a5形質導入型、LacZ形質導入型または野生型SW480細胞を6〜8週齢雄性NMRInu/nuマウスの左側腹部に沿って0日目に皮下移植した。各動物群は10動物を含んでいた。動物を39日間飼育し、測定可能な腫瘍の発達を許容した。7、11、15、21、27、32、35および39日目にすべての群において2次元の腫瘍サイズを測定した。腫瘍容量を(幅2x長さ)/2として算出し、平均腫瘍容量としてcm3単位で表した。動物を殺して、腫瘍を取り出し、以後の解析用に液体窒素中でショックフリーズした。
1x107の7a5形質導入型、LacZ形質導入型または野生型SW480細胞を6〜8週齢雌性SCIDベージュマウスの左側腹部に沿ってまず皮下移植し、3週間成長させた。その後これらの腫瘍を取り出し、2x1x1mm3片にカットし、雌性SCIDベージュマウスの盲腸内へ同所性様式で移植した。各動物群は5動物を含んでいた。動物を70日間飼育し、腫瘍成長および転移性拡散を可能にした。16日から開始し、すべての群で週に1度腫瘍サイズを測定した。動物を殺して、腫瘍および転移の可能性がある器官の両者を取り出し、以後の解析用に液体窒素中でショックフリーズした。除去後、最終腫瘍容量を長さ×幅×高さとして算出し、平均腫瘍容量としてcm3単位で表した。
クローニング用に、7a5特異的ディファレンシャルディスプレイRT−PCR断片をpCR2.1/7a5経由でpBluescriptII SK+ベクター(Stratagene GmbH, Heidelberg, DE)内へ導入した。センスおよびアンチセンスプローブを取得するために、T7およびSP6 RNAポリメラーゼ(Epicentre Technologies, Madison, WI)を用いてインビトロ転写を実施した。この転写はDIGLabelling Kit(Roche Diagnostics)を使用して達成した。
原発腫瘍、リンパ節、肺および肝臓転移由来およびさらに各健常組織由来の凍結切片をDAKO catalysed Signal Amplification (CSA)System(DAKO A/S, Glostrup, Denmark)を修正した系にしたがって免疫染色した:254nmのUVC照射を室温で35分間行って内因性ビオチン反応性をブロックした。切片を0.01%NaN3安定化剤水溶液中50℃で30分間再水和した。メタノール中の3%H2O2で50℃にて30分間インキュベートすることによって内因性ペルオキシダーゼをブロックした。タンパク質ブロックは推奨通りに5分間実施した。
統計的有意性の程度を算出した。当該計算はノンパラメトリック両側マンホイットニー順位和検定(リアルタイムRT−PCR)および2つの独立したサンプルに関するT検定(軟寒天上の成長、細胞遊走試験、インビボ成長)を使用して行った。
図4(中央値表示を伴うボックスプロット)は、結腸癌患者(T2−4N0−1)由来の原発腫瘍における7a5/プログノスチン発現の程度を示す。
a)7a5分析の時点で転移がなく、かつ60ヶ月の観察期間中に転移性拡散を示さなかった患者=期間中転移を伴わないM0
b)7a5分析の時点で転移がなかったが、60ヶ月の観察期間中に転移性拡散を示した患者=期間中転移を伴うM0、および
c)7a5分析の時点ですでに転移が形成されていた患者=M1
図5(カプラン・マイヤー曲線)は、各原発腫瘍での低または高7a5/プログノスチン発現に依存する、転移を伴わない生存率の可能性を示す。相対7a5/プログノスチン値240が「カットオフ」として算定され<240のすべての相対7a5/プログノスチン値が「低」であり、ならびに>240のすべての相対7a5/プログノスチン値が「高」として規定される。
事例2:原発腫瘍での7a/5プログノスチン発現が>240である患者の約75〜80%が(観察期間中に)転移を発症する。
図6Aは、7a5/プログノスチンが安定にトランスフェクトされていて、かつこれを強力に過剰発現するヒト結腸癌細胞株由来細胞クローンの7a5/プログノスチン転写発現に対する、一過性にトランスフェクトされた7a5/プログノスチン特異的siRNAオリゴヌクレオチドの影響を説明する。siRNAで処理されていないコントロールは100%に相当する。
− 完全長の7a5/プログノスチンcDNA配列のnt2233〜2253
− 5’-AAGCTTGGAAAAGGCTGGAGG-3’(配列番号7)
図6Bは、7a5/プログノスチンが安定にトランスフェクトされていて、かつこれを強力に過剰発現するヒト結腸癌細胞株由来細胞クローンの遊走挙動に対する、一過性にトランスフェクトされた7a5/プログノスチン特異的siRNAオリゴヌクレオチドの影響を説明する。siRNAで処理されていないコントロールは100%に相当する。遊走アッセイのプロトコルは上記を参照すること。
Claims (21)
- 以下の群から選択される7a5/プログノスチンのポリペプチドをコードする核酸分子:
a)配列番号1に記載の配列からなる核酸分子、
b)配列番号1に記載の配列から遺伝子コードの縮重の結果として導かれる核酸分子。 - 請求項1に記載の核酸分子にコードされる7a5/プログノスチンポリペプチド。
- 配列番号2に記載の配列からなる7a5/プログノスチンポリペプチド。
- 請求項1に記載の核酸分子と特異的にハイブリダイズする、配列番号7に記載の配列からなるオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 薬物としての、請求項1に記載の核酸分子、または請求項4に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1に記載の核酸分子を含有するベクター。
- 請求項1に記載の少なくとも1の核酸分子または請求項6に記載の少なくとも1のベクターを含有する組換え原核生物または真核宿主生物。
- 請求項1に記載の核酸分子にコードされる7a5/プログノスチンポリペプチド、または配列番号2に記載の配列からなる7a5/プログノスチンポリペプチドを認識するポリクローナルもしくはモノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 請求項4に記載のオリゴヌクレオチドを、場合により製薬的に許容される担体と組み合わせて含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の核酸分子、請求項4に記載のオリゴヌクレオチドまたは請求項8に記載の抗体を含む診断用組成物。
- 腫瘍細胞を検出する方法であって、病理組織または体液由来の生体サンプル中の請求項1に記載の核酸分子にコードされる7a5/プログノスチン発現を測定し、その発現を健常組織または体液中の請求項1に記載の核酸分子にコードされる7a5/プログノスチン発現と比較する段階を含む、方法。
- 7a5/プログノスチン発現の測定が、ハイブリダイゼーション、PCR、「リアルタイム」(RT)−PCR、抗原抗体結合、ELISA、光学的プロテオーム解析、1または多次元ゲル電気泳動、質量分析による解析、クロマトグラフィ、シークエンシング法、メチル化解析、SNP決定またはこれらの方法の組み合わせを含む、請求項11に記載の腫瘍細胞を検出する方法。
- 腫瘍疾患が転移性である、請求項11または12に記載の腫瘍細胞を検出する方法。
- 生体サンプルが、腸、肝臓、リンパ節、肺、骨または脳由来の腫瘍生検または体液から得られる、請求項11〜13のいずれか1項に記載の腫瘍細胞を検出する方法。
- 7a5/プログノスチンに結合する物質の同定方法であって、以下の段階を含む方法:
a)請求項1に記載の核酸分子を発現する細胞を候補物質と接触させる段階、
b)請求項2または3に記載のポリペプチドに結合する候補物質の存在を検出する段階、および
c)候補物質が請求項2または3に記載のポリペプチドに実際に結合するかどうかを決定する段階。 - 請求項15に記載のa)〜c)の段階を含み、請求項2または3に記載のポリペプチドに結合する物質が抗体であり、該抗体を製薬的に許容される形式で製剤化する、医薬組成物の製造方法。
- 請求項4に記載のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む腫瘍疾患治療剤。
- 請求項1に記載の核酸分子、請求項4に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド、請求項8に記載の抗体または請求項10に記載の診断用組成物を含む腫瘍疾患診断剤。
- 請求項4に記載のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む遺伝子治療剤。
- 請求項10に記載の診断用組成物を含み、場合により適切なバッファーおよび/または取扱指示書をさらに含有するキットを含む腫瘍疾患診断剤。
- PCRキット、RT−PCRキット、またはELISAキット形式のキットを含む、請求項20に記載の腫瘍疾患診断剤。
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DE10332854A DE10332854A1 (de) | 2003-07-18 | 2003-07-18 | Verwendung des neu-identifizierten humanen Gens 7a5/Prognostin für Tumordiagnostik und Tumortherapie |
PCT/EP2004/008053 WO2005010042A1 (de) | 2003-07-18 | 2004-07-19 | 7a5/prognostin und dessen verwendung für die tumordiagnostik und tumortherapie |
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