JP4740667B2 - Trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measuring method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measuring method and apparatus.

  The estimation technique of body adipose tissue using bioelectrical impedance has spread to the world as a technique for measuring body adipose tissue and body fat percentage, but in reality, it does not directly measure adipose tissue. In other words, it is an electrical measurement of lean tissue in which water other than fat tissue is dominant. In particular, the whole body (Whole Body) measurement is modeled as a single cylinder between one hand and one leg in the supine position in the conventional type (one hand-one leg guidance method). Measure between both palms to be measured, guide between both legs integrated with weight scale, upper and lower limbs, upper and lower limbs and trunk, or left and right upper limbs, left and right lower limbs, trunk The technique of measuring the impedance by making it possible to apply a cylindrical model separately has also become apparent. In addition, a patent application has been filed for a measurement technique that simplifies the impedance CT measurement technique, arranges current application / voltage measurement electrodes in the trunk umbilical girdle, measures the impedance of the abdomen, and estimates the visceral fat tissue mass. (See Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent No. 3396677 Japanese Patent No. 3396684

  However, the information on body adipose tissue is particularly useful for screening of lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and visceral adipose tissue attached and accumulated in the vicinity of internal organ tissue. The importance of the measurement is increasing day by day for the subcutaneous adipose tissue.

  In particular, the visceral adipose tissue is a body adipose tissue concentratedly distributed in the vicinity of the abdomen of the trunk, and has been determined based on the cross-sectional area of the adipose tissue in an abdominal cross-sectional image obtained by X-ray CТ or MRI. However, the apparatus is large-scale, and in the case of X-rays, there is a problem of exposure, and there is a cost, which is not suitable for measurement in the field and home. Therefore, the visceral adipose tissue is generally estimated from the correlation with the whole body adipose tissue or the correlation with the whole body lean tissue, and it has not been possible to secure sufficient reliability even for screening.

  Recently, a method for estimating visceral adipose tissue information by placing electrodes around the umbilical girth of the trunk and measuring the internal impedance of the trunk is also under development. However, this method is based on the fact that there is a significant correlation among the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and the visceral adipose tissue. It is assumed that For this reason, good results can be expected for healthy subjects with high independence where a very significant correlation can exist, but subjects with different correlations between tissues, such as visceral adipose tissue, are significantly enlarged. In addition, the measurement result in the subject having a remarkably low correlation with the subcutaneous fat tissue layer or the skeletal muscle tissue layer can include a large error. In other words, even if this method is under development, if it is a subject who can live a healthy independent life, it is possible to measure somehow regardless of where the electrodes are placed around the entire umbilicus. In particular, the problem is large when measurement is performed on a bedridden patient on a bed.

  In addition, this method under development can be said to be a high technology in that the impedance value related to the internal tissue is obtained by applying current from the abdominal surface to the tissue site to be measured. The fact is that the measured impedance information itself has little useful sensitivity to visceral adipose tissue due to problems in the internal structure of the trunk, which is the part. That is, the trunk that is the measurement site is thick and short, the multi-layer structure, that is, the visceral fat tissue that is the measurement target is covered with a skeletal muscle tissue layer that exhibits very good conductivity together with the internal organ tissue and the spine tissue, This skeletal muscle tissue layer has a structure in which it is covered with a subcutaneous fat tissue layer having very poor electrical conductivity. In particular, the visceral adipose tissue area to be measured is a complex structure with a mixture of visceral adipose tissue with poor electrical conductivity attached to and accumulated in this internal organ tissue, which is less conductive than the skeletal muscle tissue layer, The internal conductivity is estimated to be considerably inferior to that of the skeletal muscle tissue layer. For this reason, even if the current application electrode is simply arranged around the abdomen, the majority is energized through the skeletal muscle tissue layer, and the current density distribution is also a potential distribution dominant to the skeletal muscle tissue layer from the surface measurement electrode. Will be observed. Furthermore, the distribution of the applied current density is determined by the surface area of the electrode to which the current is applied or the electrode width in the abdominal circumference direction, and the observation of information in the spreading resistance region where the current density is high in the subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under the electrode becomes dominant End up.

  Furthermore, since the trunk, which is the measurement site, is thick and short, the sensitivity in the subcutaneous fat tissue layer in the current density concentration (spreading resistance) region directly under the current application electrode is high, and the skeletal muscle tissue is more in comparison with the fat tissue. Since the conductivity is considerably high, a route in which most of the current passing through the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer returns through the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer to the opposing current application electrode side through the skeletal muscle tissue layer is taken. The internal potential distribution is greatly distorted in this skeletal muscle tissue layer. Therefore, in the conventional method, most of the measured potential is information on the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and the visceral fat tissue to be measured, that is, the visceral fat tissue that adheres to and accumulates in the internal organ tissue. It is almost impossible to energize the battery, and only information with extremely low measurement sensitivity of 10% or less of the entire impedance measurement section can be captured.

  In order to avoid these problems, a method for preventing an increase in the estimation error by incorporating an abdominal circumference that is highly correlated with the area of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer into the estimation formula has been considered. It is nothing but indirect estimation based on the correlation between the constituent tissues, and it is difficult to say that it is a measurement method that secures the necessary energization sensitivity at the center of the abdomen. In other words, individual errors that deviate from the statistical correlation design cannot be guaranteed, especially when there are many subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissues pathologically or when there are many / small intermediate skeletal muscle tissue layers. . It should be noted that the area of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is highly correlated with the abdominal circumference, because the human trunk has a concentric tissue arrangement design, and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is the outermost arrangement, This is because the area is determined by the length and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat tissue.

  Usually, the four-electrode method is also used for the electrode arrangement on the trunk. In this method, a current is applied to the body of the subject, and a potential difference generated in the measurement region of the subject by the applied current is measured to measure the bioelectrical impedance of the measurement region. When the four-electrode method is applied to a thick and short measurement site such as the trunk, the current density concentration at which the current begins to spread (ie, the spreading resistance region) is, for example, directly under the current application electrode, so that it is near the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. A large potential difference is generated and accounts for most of the potential difference measured between the voltage measurement electrodes. In order to reduce the influence of the spreading resistance, it is important to have an arrangement that ensures a sufficient distance between the current application electrode and the voltage measurement electrode. In general measurement, since the measurement interval is long and the distance between the voltage measurement electrodes can be sufficiently secured, so-called S / N sensitivity (N is the influence of spreading resistance (noise), and S is between the voltage measurement electrodes). The signal to be measured) should be sufficiently secured. However, in the case of a thick and short measurement site such as the trunk, if the voltage measurement electrode is moved away from the current application electrode in order to reduce N, the voltage measurement electrode section distance becomes smaller. As a result, S becomes smaller and eventually the S / N becomes worse. Further, the spreading resistance portion having a high current density is a subcutaneous fat tissue layer portion, and is generally a subject with a tendency to obesity with a large thickness. Therefore, the N is considerably large, and the S / N is doubled. End up. As described above, when the four-electrode method is used for a short and short measurement site such as the trunk, a useful S / N sensitivity to visceral adipose tissue can be obtained simply by placing an electrode on the circumference of the umbilicus. It is speculated that it is quite impossible to secure. The S / N will be described in more detail in the description of the embodiments described later.

  The object of the present invention is to eliminate these problems in the prior art, ensuring the sensitivity necessary for measurement even in the regions of internal organ tissues and visceral adipose tissues with poor conductivity, and fat accumulated in the trunk. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus capable of simultaneously measuring adipose tissue attached and accumulated around an internal organ tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information accumulated in a subcutaneous layer only by switching.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a current is applied to the trunk from a first current application electrode disposed on the trunk and a second current application electrode disposed on a portion protruding from the trunk, and the body The potential difference generated in the trunk is measured by the first and second voltage measuring electrodes, and the impedance of the trunk is measured to obtain the visceral fat tissue information and / or the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information of the trunk. There is provided a method for measuring fat, wherein the first current application electrode is arranged on either the left or right tendon when viewed from the umbilicus in the direction around the trunk.
Further, according to another aspect of the present invention, a current is applied to the trunk from the first current application electrode disposed on the trunk and the second current application electrode disposed in a portion protruding from the trunk, Visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk, which is estimated from the impedance of the trunk obtained by measuring the potential difference generated in the trunk with the first and second voltage measuring electrodes and using the measured potential difference And / or a method for measuring the volume of the internal organs of the trunk and / or the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue using the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information, and for obtaining subcutaneous fat tissue layer information of the trunk, the first current applying electrodes, disposed to the left or right of the tendon when viewed around the umbilicus in the trunk circumferential direction, the first voltage measuring electrode, in proximity to the first current supply electrode And arranging the second voltage measuring electrode Trunk Buabura肪measuring method comprising placing at a distance from one current applying electrode.
Further, according to another aspect of the present invention, a current is applied to the trunk from the first current application electrode disposed on the trunk and the second current application electrode disposed in a portion protruding from the trunk, Visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk, which is estimated from the impedance of the trunk obtained by measuring the potential difference generated in the trunk with the first and second voltage measuring electrodes and using the measured potential difference And / or a method for measuring a visceral abdominal tissue and / or a subcutaneous adipose tissue amount using subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information, wherein the first visceral adipose tissue information is obtained in order to obtain the visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk. The current application electrode is disposed on either the left or right tendon when viewed from the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction, and the first voltage measurement electrode is disposed on the tendon portion on which the first current application electrode is disposed. Above, distance from the first current application electrode And arranging the second voltage measurement electrode at a distance from the first voltage measurement electrode in the trunk length direction on the tendon portion where the first current application electrode is arranged. A featured trunk fat measurement method is provided.
Furthermore, according to another aspect of the present invention, a current is applied to the trunk from the first current application electrode disposed on the trunk and the second current application electrode disposed in a portion protruding from the trunk, Visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk, which is estimated from the impedance of the trunk obtained by measuring the potential difference generated in the trunk with the first and second voltage measuring electrodes and using the measured potential difference And / or a method for measuring a visceral abdominal tissue and / or a subcutaneous adipose tissue amount using subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information, wherein the first visceral adipose tissue information is obtained in order to obtain the visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk. The current application electrode is arranged on either the left or right tendon when viewed around the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction, and the first voltage measurement electrode and the second voltage measurement electrode protrude from the trunk. However, the second current application power Different from the site which projects from the trunk of arranging the, trunk fat measuring method comprising placing a respective other of the projecting portions are provided.

According to another aspect of the present invention, it includes first and second current application electrodes for applying a current to the trunk, and first and second voltage measurement electrodes for measuring a potential difference generated in the trunk. The visceral fat tissue information of the trunk and / or the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information estimated from the impedance of the trunk determined using the measured potential difference , and the trunk viscera using the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information , and / Or a device for measuring the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue, in order to obtain subcutaneous fat tissue layer information of the trunk, left and right when the first current application electrode is viewed around the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction Arranged in any of the tendons, the second current application electrode is arranged in a portion protruding from the trunk , the first voltage measurement electrode is arranged in proximity to the first current application electrode, The second voltage measurement electrode is the first voltage measurement electrode. Trunk Buabura肪measuring device is provided which is characterized in that it is arranged at a distance from the flow application electrode.
According to another aspect of the present invention, first and second current application electrodes for applying a current to the trunk, and first and second voltage measurement electrodes for measuring a potential difference generated in the trunk. A visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk and / or a subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information estimated from the impedance of the trunk obtained using the measured potential difference, And / or a device for measuring the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue when the first current application electrode is viewed around the umbilicus in the direction around the trunk in order to obtain visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk The second current application electrode is arranged at a portion protruding from the trunk, the first voltage measurement electrode is arranged with the first current application electrode. The first current applying electrode on the tendon The second voltage measurement electrode is disposed at a distance from the first voltage measurement electrode in the trunk length direction on the tendon where the first current application electrode is disposed. Provided is a trunk fat measurement device that is arranged.
Further, according to another aspect of the present invention, first and second current application electrodes for applying a current to the trunk, and first and second voltage measurement electrodes for measuring a potential difference generated in the trunk. A visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk and / or a subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information estimated from the impedance of the trunk obtained using the measured potential difference, And / or a device for measuring the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue when the first current application electrode is viewed around the umbilicus in the direction around the trunk in order to obtain visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk The second current application electrode is disposed at a portion protruding from the trunk, and the first voltage measurement electrode and the second voltage measurement electrode are disposed on the trunk. Protruding from the second current Different from the portion where the pressing electrode protrudes from placed trunk, trunk fat measuring apparatus characterized by being arranged on the other of the projecting portions are provided.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the part protruding from the trunk where the second current application electrode is arranged may be an extremity or a head, for example, an ear of the head.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the first voltage measurement electrode is disposed in the vicinity of the first current application electrode, and the second voltage measurement electrode is the first current application. The body trunk subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information may be obtained by measuring the impedance of the trunk, which is disposed at a position far from the electrode in the longitudinal direction of the trunk.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the first current application electrode applies a current to a tendon, and the first voltage measurement electrode is a umbilical position directly below the first current application electrode. The second voltage measurement electrode is disposed between the umbilicus and the upper edge of the iliac crest, and is disposed between the first voltage measurement electrode and the second. Subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information may be obtained by measuring a potential difference between the voltage measurement electrodes.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the first voltage measurement electrode is disposed in a proximity position with respect to the first current application electrode, and the second voltage measurement electrode is the first voltage measurement electrode . Measure the potential difference between the first voltage measurement electrode and the second voltage measurement electrode by disposing the first voltage measurement electrode sufficiently far from the first voltage measurement electrode. By doing so, information on the subcutaneous fat tissue layer can be obtained.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the sufficiently distant position may be a position that is three times or more the close position.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, at least two sets of the first and second voltage measurement electrodes are provided , the first current application electrode applies a current to a tendon, and the at least 2 first voltage measuring electrodes included in one set of voltage measuring electrode pairs of voltage measuring electrodes, said first current applying electrodes directly below the navel position near, flank, are placed on either side back, the The second voltage measurement electrode is disposed between the umbilicus and the upper edge of the iliac crest, and measures the potential difference between the first voltage measurement electrode and the second voltage measurement electrode, thereby subcutaneous fat tissue is intended to obtain the layer information, the at least two sets of the other voltage measuring electrode set of the first and second voltage measuring electrode, the visceral fat tissue information by measuring a potential difference is placed on the tendon and the obtained ones, the one set of voltage measuring electrode and the other set Select voltage measuring electrode, may further comprising selectively obtaining switching device the visceral adipose tissue information and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information.

According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the at least two pairs of voltage measuring electrodes to thus measured potential difference of the trunk pointing to the impedance and the trunk visceral fat based on the body specifying information A trunk visceral fat tissue amount estimating means for estimating the tissue amount may be further provided.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a respiratory fluctuation effect removing means for removing the influence of fluctuation caused by breathing based on the impedance of the trunk measured at a sampling cycle shorter than the breathing cycle time. Also good.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus may further include an abnormal value determination processing unit that performs an abnormal value determination process by comparing the measured impedance of the trunk with a general value of the group. .
In the present invention, the tendon portion may be a joint tendon portion between the rectus abdominis muscle and the external oblique muscle.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the energizing amount and sensitivity to a visceral organ tissue and a visceral adipose tissue layer can be raised, and a trunk | drum visceral adipose tissue can be measured accurately, and a subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can also be measured. Further, the S / N characteristic can be improved by arranging the voltage measurement electrode at the position where the muscle abdominal dominating region is removed from the N component due to the disturbance of the potential due to the skeletal muscle that becomes noise.

  Further, even in a paralyzed patient and a subject who is bedridden due to care or the like, the subject can easily measure by setting the measurement part as the front surface of the abdomen excluding the back part. Furthermore, since the subject can be aware of the measurement site by attaching electrodes to the abdomen, it is beneficial to improve measurement accuracy and to ensure motivation by conscious restraint.

  In addition, the accuracy of screening information according to the required level can be made clear in the course of combining the accumulation of accumulated adipose tissue adhering to the vicinity of internal organ tissue with the conventional simple measurement method and simplicity. it can.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue and the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can be accurately measured with a small and simple device, so that it can be optimized for home use. Moreover, an abdominal condition check prior to measurement, that is, early check of inflammation or pathological abnormal fluid distribution in internal organ tissues or the like is possible, and appropriate health guide advice can be given accordingly. Therefore, it is possible for the user to obtain various information useful for self-management for maintaining and promoting sustainable health by appropriately performing daily diet and exercise and maintaining motivation for it. Can be very useful.

  Before describing the embodiments and examples of the present invention in detail, the principle of measuring the amount of visceral adipose tissue of the trunk of the present invention will be described. The present invention basically uses bioelectrical impedance information and body specific information for each segment obtained by limb guidance methods such as upper limbs (arms), lower limbs (legs), trunk (middle trunk), etc. Visceral adipose tissue information (cross sectional area, volume or weight) of trunk abdomen (middle), ratio of trunk visceral adipose tissue volume to subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (V / S), and subcutaneous adipose tissue volume and visceral fat It is to be able to estimate the total adipose tissue amount (trunk abdominal adipose tissue amount) of the tissue amount.

For this reason, the present invention makes full use of the following technique.
(1) Assume that the tissue information included in the bioelectrical impedance information of the trunk abdomen is a series-parallel equivalent circuit model of the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the internal organ tissue, and the visceral fat tissue. Consider internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue in series. (Therefore, a change in energization amount can be expected depending on the size of the visceral adipose tissue).

(2) When the abdominal circumference can be secured as the body specifying information, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is included in the equivalent circuit model as a high accuracy model, and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the internal organ tissue, Assume a series-parallel equivalent circuit model with visceral adipose tissue.

(3) Subcutaneous fat tissue mass estimation is made up of multiple regression equations with the abdominal circumference in the body specifying information as the main explanatory variable. Furthermore, the square of the abdominal circumference is set as the main explanatory variable. When the trunk impedance having predominantly the layer thickness information of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer can be obtained by the technique of the present invention, the product of the trunk impedance and the abdominal circumference (first power) is used as a main explanatory variable.

(4) Reveal the skeletal muscle tissue layer information of the trunk abdomen (middle) using bioelectrical impedance information and body specific information for each segment obtained by the limb guidance method for the upper limb (arm) and lower limb (leg) And used to determine uncertain information for visceral adipose tissue information estimation.

(5) The determination of internal organ tissue information is made up of multiple regression equations with body height information as the main explanatory variable in the body specific information, and is used to determine uncertain information for visceral fat tissue information estimation. .

(6) Tissue cross-sectional area (CSA: Cross-Section Area) from X-ray CT tomographic images at the umbilical position is the standard measurement of the tissue used for multiple regression analysis (calibration curve creation method) to quantify each tissue And volumetric tissue volume and weight using the DEXA method and MRI method (integration processing for each slice in the length direction) in the whole trunk abdomen and CSA by MRI method Can be calculated from tissue density information). In the DEXA method, the total adipose tissue information of the total of the abdominal visceral adipose tissue and the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can be measured as a reference.

(7) In order to be able to capture visceral adipose tissue information with high accuracy using the method as described above, it is necessary to take measures to replace fluctuations in the measured impedance information of the trunk due to respiration and the like with a certain condition value. The impedance measurement sampling period is within 1/2 of the general respiratory cycle, the respiratory change is monitored in time series, the maximum value and the minimum value for each respiratory cycle are determined for each respiratory cycle, Capability to capture median rest breathing.

(8) Further, it is possible to check in advance of adverse effects caused by eating and drinking before the measurement and retention of bladder and urine from the measured impedance information. In general, the information on the skeletal muscle tissue layer is dominantly reflected in the impedance value of the trunk abdomen in a healthy general subject group. In addition, the information on the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk is very small as a measured value, and no great difference is recognized between individuals. The reason is that the design is highly correlated with anti-gravity muscles that support and develop their own weight under the earth's gravity, so subjects who are specially bedridden and not affected by gravity, or athletes who are subject to several times the stress of their own weight This is because it is almost determined by body size except for special groups. Therefore, the estimation of the amount of skeletal muscle tissue of the trunk abdomen can be expected to have better measurement sensitivity from the limb skeletal muscle. Here, the influence on the trunk abdominal impedance other than the skeletal muscle tissue and the respiratory fluctuation is an adverse effect due to food and drink and urinary bladder urine storage. Therefore, when the impedance value of the middle trunk is collected as collective data, and the average value [mean] and deviation [SD] are viewed, the effects of food and drink and urinary bladder retention may be in the range exceeding 2SD. all right. However, considering even a semi-general group such as athletes to a certain extent, 3SD can be used as a criterion to screen for this effect.

(9) Furthermore, the change of the skeletal muscle tissue layer and internal organ tissue of the trunk abdomen due to local inflammation is also determined by the trunk abdominal impedance value from different induction methods (four types) of the limb induction method. From the comparison, it can be specified to some extent. Therefore, it is considered possible to check the condition of internal organ tissues and skeletal muscle tissue layers from the viewpoint of changes in body fluid distribution in the trunk abdomen that can be taken as pathological such as inflammation.

  Next, the measurement principle of the present invention based on the above-described method will be described in detail step by step.

1. Concept of trunk division (1) When the trunk is divided into upper / middle / lower, the relationship of skeletal muscle development is as follows.
(A) The upper part of the trunk has a high correlation with the upper limb, and in particular, a high correlation with the skeletal muscle of the upper arm of the proximal upper arm.
(B) The lower part of the trunk has a high correlation with the lower limbs, and particularly a high correlation with the skeletal muscles of the proximal thigh.
(C) The middle trunk has a high correlation with the thigh skeletal muscles of the lower limbs (because the psoas major and intestinal lumbar muscles that control the thighs of the lower limbs are large as occupied skeletal muscles).

(2) The mid-trunk (abdominal) skeletal muscles are composed of abdominal muscles and back muscles, which are functional as joints of the upper and lower limbs (such as left and right rotational movements and back and forth bending movements). Has development.

2. Estimating the mid-trunk skeletal muscles from the extremities (3), the skeletal muscle development (tissue amount) of the mid-trunk is closely related to the development of the skeletal muscles of the upper and lower limbs. That is, the skeletal muscle tissue layer amount in the middle of the trunk can be estimated from the skeletal muscle tissue amount in the upper and lower limbs. Skeletal muscle tissue in the middle of the trunk by creating a multiple regression equation with the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the middle trunk as the dependent variable and the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the upper limb and skeletal muscle tissue in the lower limb as independent explanatory variables. The amount can be estimated.
Trunk skeletal muscle tissue mass [MMtm] = a0 * Lower limb skeletal muscle tissue mass [MMl] + b0 * Upper limb skeletal muscle tissue mass [MMu] + c0
Here, a0, b0 and c0 are regression coefficients and are constants.

(4) It is clear from previous studies that the amount of skeletal muscle tissue of the extremities can be estimated from the impedance measurement value of the measurement section and the length information of the section.
Lower limb skeletal muscle tissue mass [MMl] = a1 * Ll ² / Zl + b1
Upper limb skeletal muscle tissue volume ^{[MMu] = a2 * Lu 2} / Zu + b2 ··· Formula 3
Here, a1, a2, b1, and b2 are regression coefficients and constants. Ll: the length of the lower limb, Lu is the length of the upper limb, Zl is the impedance value of the lower limb, and Zu is the impedance value of the upper limb.

(5) Limb length may be estimated from body (individual) specific information such as height, weight, gender, age, etc. for general subjects (especially height information by gender is highly useful) ).

(6) Similarly, by adding body-specific information such as gender, age, weight, etc. as explanatory variables to the estimation formulas for the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the upper and lower limbs and the middle skeletal muscle tissue, It is also possible to slightly correct the qualitative changes in the nervous system and tissues with aging.

(7) Note that the skeletal muscle tissue amount obtained by the MRI method and the DEXA method is used for the measurement on the reference side when creating the multiple regression estimation formula.

(8) In addition, as a simpler method that can be expected to improve accuracy, when trunk and limb length information is estimated from body-specific information such as height, other than trunk and limb length information obtained by measurement In this method, the impedance information of the extremities is directly incorporated into the estimation formula of the mid-trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount.
Middle trunk skeletal muscle tissue volume ^{[MMtm] = a3 * H 2} / Zl + b3 * H 2 / Zu + c3 ··· formula 4
Here, a3, b3, and c3 are regression coefficients and constants. H is the height, Zl is the impedance value of the lower limb, and Zu is the impedance value of the upper limb.

(9) As a method that can be expected to improve the accuracy, when the trunk length information is further obtained by measurement, the following estimation equation can be modified.
For equations 1-3
Middle trunk skeletal muscle tissue volume [MMtm] = a0 '* lower limb skeletal muscle tissue volume ^{[MMl] * Ltm 2 / Ltm} ' 2 + b0 '* upper limb skeletal muscle tissue volume ^{[MMu] * Ltm 2 / Ltm} ' 2 + c0 '... Formula 5
Here, a0 ′, b0 ′, and c0 ′ are regression coefficients and constants. Ltm is the trunk length (or mid-trunk length). Ltm ′ is an estimated value of the trunk length (or middle trunk length) from the limb length or height.
Ltm '= aa * Ll + bb * Lu + cc ... Formula 5-1
Or
Ltm '= aa1 * H + bb1 ・ ・ ・ Equation 5-2
Here, aa, aa1, bb, bb1, and cc are regression coefficients and constants.

(10) In the case of expecting further improvement in accuracy, there is a demerit that increases the restraint on measurement (it is less convenient), but there is a method using information on the proximal part of the limb. By applying or attaching a voltage measurement electrode to the knee elbow, measurement can be performed by the same limb guidance method as that for limb measurement. That is, the information on the proximal portion excluding the distal portion is more useful as the information related to the skeletal muscle in the middle of the trunk than the information on the lower limbs and upper limbs from the distal end. In other words, the upper arm (proximal upper limb) has a high correlation with the upper trunk and the thigh (proximal lower limb) has a high correlation with the lower trunk, and the upper trunk, middle and lower sections also have a useful relationship. Therefore, the method used to estimate the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the middle of the trunk by measuring the amount of thigh skeletal muscle tissue and the amount of upper arm skeletal muscle tissue with respect to the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the upper and lower limbs is the same procedure as above. An estimation formula can be created with.

(11) As an example of the way of thinking about skeletal muscles in the trunk,
(A) Since the upper and lower trunks have a high correlation between the upper limbs and the lower limbs, the upper part is regarded as the upper limbs and the lower part is regarded as the lower limbs.
(B) There is an idea that the upper and lower trunks are combined with the middle trunk and regarded as the trunk.
In any of the methods, since the correlation between the individual is high by placing the subject in a range where a normal healthy person or a self-sustainable life close to that is normal, there is no big difference in either way of thinking.

3. Electrical Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Trunk Structure Tissue (12) Trunk impedance determined by the limb guidance method is information on the middle trunk. This impedance will be described in detail in the description of the embodiment described later.

(13) The trunk can be considered to mainly consist of a subcutaneous fat tissue layer, a skeletal muscle tissue layer (abdominal muscle group, back muscle group), an internal organ tissue, and a visceral adipose tissue adhering to the gap. The reason why the bone tissue is not listed as a constituent tissue is that the bone tissue has a very high quantitative correlation with the skeletal muscle tissue layer and can be considered as an integral tissue body. The volume resistivity is considered to have a property that is considerably good in conductivity by including bone marrow tissue and the like in a living body, and has characteristics close to those of a skeletal muscle tissue layer and internal organ tissue. Therefore, when these four tissues are represented by an electrical equivalent circuit model, the internal organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue are configured in series, and the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer and the skeletal muscle tissue layer are respectively formed with respect to the serial composite tissue layer. Configured in parallel. The equivalent circuit model will be described in detail in the description of the embodiment described later. According to this model, current flows predominantly through the skeletal muscle tissue layer when energized in the longitudinal direction of the trunk. Since visceral adipose tissue adheres to gaps around the internal organ tissue, when there is no visceral adipose tissue, or when there is little visceral adipose tissue, the internal organ tissue exhibits conductivity close to that of skeletal muscle tissue. Current will be applied. Further, as the visceral adipose tissue increases, the energization amount to the composite tissue layer as a complex of the internal organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue decreases. The model impedance when the measured impedance of the middle trunk and the four tissues constituting it are expressed by an equivalent circuit model can be expressed as follows.
Ztm = ZFS // ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) (6)
here,
Impedance of the whole trunk: Ztm
Impedance of subcutaneous adipose tissue layer: ZFS: Volume resistivity is large.
Impedance of skeletal muscle tissue layer: ZMM: Volume resistivity is small.
Impedance of internal organ tissue: ZVM ... It is considered as volume resistivity close to the skeletal muscle tissue layer.
Visceral adipose tissue impedance: ZFV: Volume resistivity is considered to be equivalent to or slightly smaller than subcutaneous adipose tissue. Since the synthetic decomposition of adipose tissue is faster than that of subcutaneous adipose tissue, it is considered that the blood vessels and blood volume in the tissue are large.
Therefore, the comparison of electrical characteristics between tissues is
ZFS >> (ZVM + ZFV) >> ZMM ・ ・ ・ Expression 7
it is conceivable that.
From the relational expressions of Equations 6 and 7, there can be considered a technique that enables visceral fat tissue information to be estimated by the following two approaches.

(14) Approach 1
Since the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer has a higher volume resistivity compared with other constituent tissues, it is omitted from the viewpoint of an equivalent circuit in the middle of the trunk. That is, it can be considered that the information of lean tissue including visceral fat tissue excluding the subcutaneous fat tissue layer in the middle trunk is measured in the impedance value measured in the middle trunk. Therefore, this relational expression can be expressed as follows.
Ztm ≒ ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) ・ ・ ・ Formula 8
If Equation 8 is transformed,
1 / Ztm ≒ 1 / ZMM + 1 / (ZVM + ZFV) ・ ・ ・ Equation 9
By revealing the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue in this equation by means described below, the impedance ZFV of the visceral fat tissue can be calculated. The visceral fat tissue amount can be estimated from the impedance information of the visceral fat tissue. When ZFV is derived from Expression 9, the following Expression 10 is obtained, and impedance information having information on visceral adipose tissue can be obtained.
ZFV = 1 / [1 / Ztm-1 / ZMM]-ZVM ... Equation 10

(15) Approach 2
In approach 1 above, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer was omitted, but it can be an error factor for a subject having a large amount of subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and thus the method proceeds with Equation 6.
In this formula, the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue are the same as those described above, and the impedance information for the impedance ZFS of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is the same as that of other tissues. There is a useful relationship with the amount of tissue. Here, it is generally reported that the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue has a very high correlation with the perimeter of the tissue surface, that is, the abdominal circumference (particularly for subjects with many subcutaneous adipose tissues, Alternatively, the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can be estimated from the abdominal circumference information. Therefore, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer can be estimated from the information on the abdominal circumference. Hereinafter, the impedance ZFV of the visceral adipose tissue can be calculated by a method similar to the above approach. The visceral fat tissue amount can be estimated from the impedance information of the visceral fat tissue.
By transforming Equation 6,
1 / Ztm = 1 / ZFS + 1 / ZMM + 1 / (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 11
ZFV = 1 / [1 / Ztm−1 / ZMM−1 / ZFS] −ZVM ・ ・ ・ Equation 12

4). Estimating impedance [ZVM] from internal organ tissue volume [VM] (16) Estimating internal organ tissue volume [VM] in the middle trunk from body (individual) specific information such as height, weight, sex, and age I can do it. Among the explanatory variables, the influence of the height term is large.
For men: Internal organ tissue mass [VM] = a4 * Height [H] + b4 * Weight [W] + c4 * Age [Age] + d4
... Formula 13-1
For women: Internal organ tissue mass [VM] = a5 * Height [H] + b5 * Weight [W] + c5 * Age [Age] + d5
... Formula 13-2
Here, a4, a5, b4, b5, c4, c5, d4, and d5 are regression coefficients and constants.
The reference amount of visceral adipose tissue volume VM used in this calibration curve (regression equation) is obtained by integrating the CSA (tissue cross-sectional area) for each slice obtained by MRI method or X-ray CТ method in the length direction. The calculated tissue volume or CSA from one slice such as the umbilical position. The tissue volume can be converted into a tissue amount by converting the tissue density information known in prior research papers into weight.

(17) Next, the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue is estimated.
For each tissue, a cylindrical model is applied in order to be able to express the relationship between the impedance and the tissue amount by an expression. The application formula can be expressed as follows.
VM ∝ LVM ² / ZVM ・ ・ ・ Formula 14-1
When deformed,
ZVM ∝ LVM ² / VM ・ ・ ・ Formula 14-2
Here, LVM is a virtual cylinder length when modeling a cylinder, but because there is a high correlation with trunk length [Lt], trunk mid-length [Ltm] and height [H],
LVM ∝ Lt ∝ Ltm ∝ H ・ ・ ・ Equation 15
Therefore, instead of LVM, if you substitute height H (if actual trunk information can be obtained, use Lt or Ltm in the formula),
^{ZVM = a6 * H 2 / VM} + b6 ··· formula 16
Thus, the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue can be estimated.
Here, a6 and b6 are regression coefficients and are constants.
Although this equation 16 is a single regression equation, an improvement in estimation accuracy can be expected by using a multiple regression equation in which body specific information is incorporated as an explanatory variable.
^{Men: ZVM = a7 * H 2 /} VM + b7 * H + c7 * W + d7 * Age + e7 ··· formula 17-1
For women: ZVM = a8 * H ² / VM + b8 * H + c8 * W + d8 * Age + e8 ... Formula 17-2
Here, a7, a8, b7, b8, c7, c8, d7, d8, e7, e8 are regression coefficients and are constants.

5. Estimating impedance [ZMM] from skeletal muscle tissue mass [MM] (18) The skeletal muscle tissue mass [MM] in the middle of the trunk is the limb skeletal muscle mass (limb impedance information) obtained by the above formulas 1, 4, and 5. The mid-trunk skeletal muscle mass [MMtm] is used.
MM = MMtm ・ ・ ・ Formula 18

(19) Next, the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer is estimated.
For each tissue, a cylindrical model is applied in order to be able to express the relationship between the impedance and the tissue amount by an expression. The application formula can be expressed as follows.
MM ∝ Ltm ² / ZMM ・ ・ ・ Formula 19-1
When deformed,
ZMM ∝ Ltm ² / MM ・ ・ ・ Formula 19-2
Here, Ltm is the mid-length of the trunk when modeling a cylinder, but because there is a high correlation with the trunk length [Lt] and height [H],
Ltm ∝ Lt ∝ H ・ ・ ・ Formula 20
Therefore, instead of Ltm, if you substitute height H (when trunk actual measurement information Ltm, Lt is not obtained),
^{ZMM = a9 * H 2 / MM} + b9 ··· formula 21
Thus, the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer can be estimated.
Here, a9 and b9 are regression coefficients and are constants.
Although this equation 21 is a single regression equation, an improvement in estimation accuracy can be expected by making it a multiple regression equation by the same procedure as described above incorporating body specifying information as an explanatory variable.

6). Estimation of impedance [ZFS] from subcutaneous fat tissue volume [FS] (20) The subcutaneous fat tissue volume [FS] in the middle of the trunk can be estimated from the abdominal circumference [Lw] ² . Furthermore, accuracy improvement can be expected by adding other body specific information as an explanatory variable to obtain a multiple regression equation.
For men: Subcutaneous adipose tissue volume [FS] = a10 * abdominal circumference [Lw] ² + b10 * height [H] + c10 * body weight [W] + d10
* Age [Age] + e10 ... Formula 22-1
For women: Subcutaneous fat tissue mass [FS] = a11 * abdominal circumference [Lw] ² + b11 * height [H] + c11 * body weight [W] + d11 *
Age [Age] + e11 ... Formula 22-2
Here, a10, a11, b10, b11, c10, c11, d10, d11, e10, e11 are regression coefficients and constants.
The standard amount of subcutaneous fat tissue volume FS used in this calibration curve (regression equation) is measured by integrating the CSA (tissue cross-sectional area) for each slice obtained by the MRI method or X-ray CТ method in the length direction. The calculated tissue volume or CSA from one slice such as the umbilical position. The tissue volume can be converted into a tissue amount by converting the tissue density information known in prior research papers into weight.

(21) Next, the impedance ZFS of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is estimated.
For each tissue, a cylindrical model is applied in order to be able to express the relationship between the impedance and the tissue amount by an expression. The application formula can be expressed as follows.
FS ∝ Ltm ² / ZFS ・ ・ ・ Formula 23-1
When deformed,
ZFS α Ltm ² / FS ··· formula 23-2
Here, Ltm is the mid-length of the trunk when modeling a cylinder, but because there is a high correlation with the trunk length [Lt] and height [H],
Ltm ∝ Lt ∝ H ・ ・ ・ Formula 20
Therefore, instead of Ltm, if you substitute height H (when trunk actual measurement information Ltm, Lt is not obtained),
ZFS = a12 * H ² / FS + b12 Equation 24
Thus, the impedance ZFS of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer can be estimated.
Here, a12 and b12 are regression coefficients and constants.
Although this equation 24 is a single regression equation, an improvement in estimation accuracy can be expected by making it a multiple regression equation by the same procedure as described above, which incorporates body specifying information as an explanatory variable.

7). Estimating the amount of visceral adipose tissue [FV] (22) The impedance [ZFV] of the visceral adipose tissue is obtained by using Equation 10 or Equation 12, the measured impedance [Ztm] of the middle trunk, and the internal organ tissue obtained by Equations 16 and 17. And the impedance [ZMM] of the skeletal muscle tissue layer obtained by the equation 21 or the impedance [ZFS] of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer obtained by the equation 24.

(23) The visceral fat tissue volume [FV] is estimated from the impedance [ZFV] information of the visceral fat tissue.
For each tissue, a cylindrical model is applied in order to be able to express the relationship between the impedance and the tissue amount by an expression. The application formula can be expressed as follows.
FV ∝ LFV ² / ZFV ... Formula 25
Here, LFV is a virtual cylinder length when modeling a cylinder, but because there is a high correlation with trunk length [Lt], trunk mid-length [Ltm] and height [H],
LFV ∝ Lt ∝ Ltm ∝ H ・ ・ ・ Equation 26
Therefore, instead of LFV, if you substitute height H (if actual trunk information can be obtained, use Lt or Ltm in the formula)
^{FV = a13 * H 2 / ZFV} + b13 ··· formula 27
Thus, the visceral fat tissue amount FV can be estimated.
Here, a13 and b13 are regression coefficients and are constants.
Although this equation 27 is a single regression equation, it can be expected that the estimation accuracy can be improved by using a multiple regression equation in which body-specific information is incorporated as an explanatory variable.
For ^{men: FV = a14 * H 2 /} ZFV + b14 * H + c14 * W + d14 * Age + e14 ··· formula 28-1
^{Women: FV = a15 * H 2 /} ZFV + b15 * H + c15 * W + d15 * Age + e15 ··· formula 28-2
Here, a14, a15, b14, b15, c14, c15, d14, d15, e14, e15 are regression coefficients and are constants.

8). Estimation of trunk abdominal fat tissue mass [FM] (24) Abdominal fat tissue mass [FM] is calculated from subcutaneous fat tissue mass [FS] from Equation 22 and visceral adipose tissue mass [FV] from Equation 27 or Equation 28. You can ask.
FM = FS + FV ... Formula 29

(25) As another method for estimating the abdominal adipose tissue volume [FM], the abdominal adipose tissue volume is measured using the DEXA method as reference measurement information, and the subcutaneous adipose tissue volume [FS] from Expression 22 and Expression 27 or By using the main parameter of the visceral fat tissue volume [FV] from Equation 28 as an explanatory variable, the abdominal fat tissue volume [FM] can be estimated. That is, a multiple regression equation is created from the abdominal circumference [Lw] ² , H ² / ZFV, and body specifying information.

9. Estimating the trunk abdominal visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio [V / S] (26) The visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio [V / S] is calculated from the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue [FS] from Equation 22 and Equation 27 or Equation 28. It can be determined from the amount of visceral adipose tissue [FV].
V / S = FV / FS ... Equation 30

10. Concept of internal organ tissue abnormality judgment by trunk abdominal (middle) impedance (27) The impedance Ztm of trunk abdomen (middle) necessary for the estimation of visceral adipose tissue amount as described above, even at sites with large fluctuations due to breathing and eating etc. Therefore, it is necessary to measure information with high stability and reliability. Therefore, highly reliable impedance information of the trunk abdomen can be secured by applying the following processing. Further, it is possible to determine a tissue abnormality of the trunk abdomen from the viewpoint as information relating to the disturbance of the body fluid distribution of the partial trunk.

(28) Removal of influence of fluctuation due to respiration (a) Impedance of trunk abdomen is measured at a sampling period shorter than 1/2 of a general respiration period time.
(B) A smoothing process such as moving average is performed on the measurement data for each sampling.
(C) From the time series data after processing, the periodicity of respiration and the maximum and minimum values for each cycle are detected.
(D) A maximum value and a minimum value for each period are averaged separately.
(E) The average value of the maximum value and the minimum value is averaged, and the median value of respiration is calculated.
(F) When the median value of respiration for each respiratory cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times, it is determined that the median respiratory value is confirmed, and the determined impedance value is used as the trunk abdominal impedance value. Register and complete the measurement.

(29) Abnormal value determination processing due to eating and drinking and water retention (such as urine) in the bladder (a) The trunk abdominal impedance is 26.7 ± 4.8Ω (mean ± SD) as a general value of the group.
(B) On the other hand, the value at the time of constipation and urinary bladder retention and fullness of food and drink in the stomach exceeds the range of mean ± 3SD.
(C) Therefore, when a measured value exceeding 3SD is obtained, the subject is informed of the possibility of effects such as eating and drinking and bladder and urine, and is encouraged to hope for the measurement in the best environment. However, in a subject whose skeletal muscle tissue development and internal organ tissue are different from the standard size without actually having these effects, the measurement should be continued.
(D) Further, as a method of increasing the determination sensitivity, the specified values are subdivided according to sex, weight, and height. Alternatively, the specified value is defined as a value per unit divided by weight or divided by height.

(30) Abnormal organ tissue etc. abnormality determination processing (a) Trunk abdominal impedance measurement is based on the combination of the difference in the energization route from the extremities and the voltage measurement electrode arrangement on the observation side. -It is possible to detect abnormal conditions due to illness / inflammation of internal organ tissue and skeletal muscle tissue and identification of the site from slight differences between impedances measured at different points.
(B) The difference in the measured values of the trunk abdomen from the four guidance methods described later is used as information for discrimination.
(C) When energized from the upper right limb and the energized root from the left upper limb, the trunk abdomen due to the energization from the left upper limb due to the effect of the heart on the left (the left lung is smaller) The lower impedance value is observed.
(D) In other cases, the measured value that can be regarded as a substantially symmetrical balance is assumed to be normal.
Ztmlr ≒ Ztmll <Ztmrr ≒ Ztmrl
Here, the identification notation of the current application route and the trunk abdominal impedance is as follows.
Energization route between upper right limb and right lower limb Trunk abdomen bioimpedance Ztmrr
Current path between left upper limb and right lower limb Trunk abdomen bioimpedance Ztmlr
Current-carrying trunk trunk abdominal bioimpedance between right and left limbs Ztmrl
Current conduction trunk trunk abdomen bioimpedance between left upper limb and left lower limb Ztmll
(E) When this relationship cannot be satisfied, there is a possibility of diseases and inflammation of internal organ tissue or skeletal muscle tissue and skeletal part (bone / joint) tissue in the trunk abdomen.
(F) For example, when edema due to inflammation is observed at the joint of the left thigh root, Ztmlr> Ztmll and Ztmrr> Ztmrl.
(G) Also, the same balance difference appears when the left large intestine is abnormal due to constipation or the like.
(H) When water accumulates in the right lung, Ztmlr≈Ztmll> = Ztmrr≈Ztmrl.
(I) In such a case, it is determined that the internal organ tissue, skeletal muscle tissue, joint tissue or the like is abnormal, and a process such as notification is provided.

<Subcutaneous adipose tissue mass measurement or selective measurement of subcutaneous adipose tissue mass and visceral adipose tissue mass>
In selectively measuring the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue or the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue and visceral adipose tissue, the following 11 to 16 are considered in particular.

11. Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of trunk tissue (Supplement 1)
(31) The electrical characteristics between tissues are determined by volume resistivity ρ [Ωm] rather than impedance. From the relationship shown in “3. Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of the trunk tissue,” the electrical characteristic values of each tissue are generally explained by the following relationship.
ρMM << ρ (VM + FV) << ρFS
ρVM << ρFV
ρMM = ρMV or ρMM <ρMV
ρFV = ρFS or ρFV <FS
here,
Volume resistivity of subcutaneous adipose tissue layer: ρFS
Volume resistivity of composite tissue layer of internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue inside skeletal muscle tissue layer: ρ (VM + FV)
Volume resistivity of skeletal muscle tissue layer: ρMM
Therefore, due to the relationship with Equation 6, the electrical property comparison relationship between the tissues is
ZFS >> (ZVM + ZFV) >> ZMM ... Formula 31
It becomes.

12 Estimating trunk skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area (AMM) and trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance (ZMM) (32) Visceral adipose tissue volume can be expressed in terms of cross-sectional area and volume. In the case of the cross-sectional area amount, the cross-sectional area amount by CT method (X-ray-CT, MRI) is considered as a general measurement standard in the measurement at the umbilical circumference. On the other hand, in the case of the volume amount, it can be obtained by integrating the cross-sectional area amount by the slice by the CT method with a plurality of slice information in the length direction. The amount of skeletal muscle tissue (skeletal muscle mass) is considered to have a high correlation with both the cross sectional area and volume. Here, the cross-sectional area is considered. The amount of cross-sectional area (AMM) of skeletal muscle tissue can be roughly estimated by body specific information. This is because the developmental design of the body's skeletal muscle is almost determined by the development and adaptation to support its own weight under the earth's gravity. Therefore, except for non-gravity adaptors such as athletes, paralysis nurses, and caregivers, it is possible to estimate with body specifying information. This estimation is performed by substituting height H, weight W, and age Age into the following equations.
AMM = a * H + b * W + c * Age + d Equation 32
Here, a, b, c, and d are constants.
(33) Trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance (ZMM) can also be estimated from body specific information. For convenience, the cross sectional area (AMM) obtained above is used here. This estimation can be performed using the following equation.
ZMM = a0 * H / AMM + b0 Equation 33
Here, a0 and b0 are constants.

13. From the relational expressions of the visceral adipose tissue impedance (ZFV) and visceral adipose tissue mass (AFV) estimation equations 6 and 31, there can be considered a method that enables visceral adipose tissue information to be estimated by the following two approaches.
(34) Approach 1
Since the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer has a higher volume resistivity than other constituent tissues, it is omitted from the viewpoint of the equivalent circuit of the trunk. That is, it can be considered that the information of lean tissue including visceral fat tissue excluding the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk is measured in the impedance value measured in the trunk. Therefore, this relational expression can be expressed as follows.
Ztm ≒ ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 34
Transforming equation 34,
1 / Ztm ≒ 1 / ZMM + 1 / (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 35
By revealing the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue in this equation by means described below, the impedance ZFV of the visceral fat tissue can be calculated. The visceral fat tissue amount can be estimated from the impedance information of the visceral fat tissue. When ZFV is derived from Expression 35, the following Expression 36 is obtained, and impedance information having information on visceral adipose tissue can be obtained.
ZFV = 1 / [1 / Ztm−1 / ZMM] −ZVM Expression 36

(35) Approach 2
In approach 1, the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer is omitted, but it can be an error factor for a subject having a large amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
In this formula, the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue are the same as those described above, and the impedance information for the impedance ZFS of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is the same as that of other tissues. There is a useful relationship with the amount of tissue. Here, it is generally reported that the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue has a very high correlation with the perimeter of the tissue surface, that is, the abdominal circumference (particularly for subjects with a lot of subcutaneous adipose tissue, Alternatively, the subcutaneous adipose tissue can be estimated from the abdominal circumference information. Therefore, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer can be estimated from information on the abdominal circumference. Hereinafter, the impedance ZFV of the visceral adipose tissue can be calculated by a method similar to the above approach. The visceral fat tissue amount can be estimated from the impedance information of the visceral fat tissue.
By transforming Equation 6,
1 / Ztm = 1 / ZFS + 1 / ZMM + 1 / (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 37
ZFV = 1 / [1 / Ztm−1 / ZMM−1 / ZFS] −ZVM ・ ・ ・ Equation 38

(36) Visceral adipose tissue volume (AFV) is treated here as the visceral adipose tissue cross-sectional area. The visceral adipose tissue volume (AFV) can be calculated from the impedance information and the height information in Equation 39,
AFV = aa * H / ZFV + bb ... Equation 39
Here, aa and bb are constants.

14 Internal organ tissue volume [AVM] and internal organ tissue impedance [ZVM] estimation (37) Trunk internal organ tissue volume [VM] is estimated from body (individual) specific information such as height, weight, sex, and age I can do it. Among the explanatory variables, the influence of the height term is large.
Internal organ tissue volume [AVM] = a1 * Height [H] + b1 * Weight [W] + c1 * Age [Age] + d1 ... Formula 40
Here, a1, b1, c1, and d1 are constants that give different values for men and women.
The reference amount of visceral adipose tissue volume VM used in this calibration curve (regression equation) is obtained by integrating the CSA (tissue cross-sectional area) for each slice obtained by MRI method or X-ray CТ method in the length direction. The calculated tissue volume or CSA from one slice such as the umbilical position. The tissue volume can be converted into a tissue amount by converting the tissue density information known in prior research papers into weight.

(38) Next, the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue is estimated.
The internal organ tissue impedance [ZVM] can be estimated from body (individual) specifying information such as height, weight, sex, and age. Among the explanatory variables, the influence of the height term is large. For convenience, the internal organ tissue volume [AVM] obtained above is used here. This estimation can be performed using the following equation.
ZVM = a2 * H / AVM + b2 Equation 41
Here, a2 and b2 are constants.

15. Estimation of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue [AFS] (39) A method for measuring the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue [AFS] of the trunk will be described later. The standard amount of subcutaneous fat tissue volume FS used in this calibration curve (regression equation) is measured by integrating the CSA (tissue cross-sectional area) for each slice obtained by the MRI method or X-ray CТ method in the length direction. The calculated tissue volume or CSA from one slice such as the umbilical position. The tissue volume can be converted into a tissue amount by converting the tissue density information known in prior research papers into weight.

16. Estimating the trunk visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio [V / S] (40) The visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio [V / S] can be calculated by subtracting the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue [AFS] It can be determined from the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue [AFS] from Formula 45 and the amount of visceral fat tissue [AFV] from Formula 39, which will be described later.
V / S = AFV / AFS ... Formula 42

<Measurement of visceral adipose tissue volume using rectus abdominis muscle mass>
Using the rectus abdominis muscle tissue as a virtual electrode, the amount of visceral adipose tissue can be measured. In measuring visceral fat using the rectus abdominis muscle tissue as a virtual electrode, the following items 17 and 18 are considered in particular.

17. Modeling the electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk tissue (Supplement 2)
Regarding the electrical equivalent circuit modeling of the torso constituent tissue, here, “3. Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of the torso constituent tissue” and “11. Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of the torso constituent tissue (Supplement 1) In addition to ")", consider the following points.

(41) By simply placing an electrode on the circumference of the abdominal umbilicus using the conventional method, the impedance component of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer becomes the dominant measurement due to the effect of spreading resistance directly under the current application electrode. Separation and removal of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer by the ideal four-electrode method could not be realized. According to the present invention, an ideal four-electrode method can be realized by applying the new electrode arrangement method, and the impedance component of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer can be deleted.
As will be described later, according to one electrode arrangement method of the present invention, the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is used as a virtual electrode. Therefore, the electrical equivalent circuit model can be expressed as shown in FIG. 29 described later. That is,
Ztm = 2 * ZFS + ZMM2 // (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 43
(42) The skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM) is divided into a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer (MM1) and a skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM2) in which the muscle fiber other than the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is dominant, ZMM1 and ZMM2 are the impedances of MM1 and MM2, respectively. According to one electrode arrangement method of the present invention, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer can be separated and removed because the effect of spreading resistance in the vicinity of the current application electrode is arranged to be negligible, and the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer Is used as a virtual electrode, the impedance series part of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer can be removed by further securing the inter-electrode distance for the voltage drop in the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. Therefore, if ZMM = ZMM2 is set, Expression 43 is expressed as follows.
Ztm = ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 44

18. Estimation of subcutaneous adipose tissue volume [AFS] (43) As explained in the previous section “6. Estimation of impedance [ZFS] from subcutaneous adipose tissue volume [FS]”, the abdominal circumference Although it can be estimated from [Lw] ² , it can also be estimated from impedance information ZFS of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and abdominal circumference Lw as shown below.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue volume [AFS] = aa0 * ZFS * Lw + bb0 Formula 45
Here, aa0 and bb0 are constants.
Note that how to derive Equation 45 will be described in detail later.

<Measurement of visceral adipose tissue using impedance of rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer>
Visceral adipose tissue and the like can be measured more accurately using the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. In this case, the following 19 and 20 are also considered in particular.

19. Estimation of trunk skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area [AMM] and trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance [ZMM] (44) Trunk skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area (AMM) and trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance (ZMM) Regarding estimation, here, the following concept is adopted instead of the above-described 12. The trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance (ZMM) is estimated from the measurement information of impedance (ZMM1) of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. The skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk abdomen is divided into the back muscle group and the abdominal muscle group. high. The information of muscle development related to the individual's activity ability is likely to appear in the abdominal muscle group, and the individual variation also appears prominently in the abdominal muscle group. The abdominal muscle group is composed of a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer, an oblique abdominis muscle tissue layer, etc., and the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is highly related to muscle development. Further, according to the present technology, the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer can be captured as impedance information. Therefore, except for athletes and non-gravity adaptors such as paralyzed patients and caregivers, it is possible to estimate with the impedance information and body specifying information of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. This estimation is performed by substituting impedance ZMM1, height H, weight W, and age Age of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer into the following equation.
ZMM = a0 * ZMM1 + b0 * H + c0 * W + d0 * Age + e0 ... Equation 46
Here, a0, b0, c0, d0, and e0 are constants that give different values for men and women.

20. Visceral Adipose Tissue Impedance [ZFV] and Visceral Adipose Tissue Mass [AFV] (45) Visceral Adipose Tissue Impedance ZFV is the same as the previous section “13. In addition to the method described above, it can also be estimated as follows.
First, when formula 6 is transformed,
1 / Ztm = 1 / ZMM + 1 / (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 47
When ZFV is derived from Equation 47, the following is obtained, and impedance information having information on visceral adipose tissue can be obtained.
ZFV = 1 / [1 / Ztm−1 / ZMM] −ZVM ・ ・ ・ Formula 48
In this equation, Ztm is an actual measurement value. The impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer can use a two-frequency measurement value. Moreover, since the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance ZMM and the internal organ tissue impedance ZVM can be estimated as described above, ZFV can be extracted by substituting the estimated values. That is, it can be calculated by substituting Equation 46 and Equation 41 into Equation 48.

  Next, the trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measurement method and apparatus of the present invention for measuring the trunk visceral fat tissue mass and / or subcutaneous fat tissue mass based on the measurement principle of the present invention as described above. One embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the appearance of an embodiment of a trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measuring device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the device of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is this device. It is an expansion perspective view of the grip part currently used for. As shown in these figures, the trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat measurement of the present embodiment is mainly performed by the power supply unit 1, the body weight measurement unit 2, the part impedance measurement unit 3, the storage unit 4, and the display / function. An input unit 5, a printing unit 6, and a calculation / control unit 7 are provided.

  The power supply unit 1 supplies power to each part of the electrical system of this apparatus.

  The body weight measurement unit 2 includes a weight detection unit, an amplification unit, and an AD conversion unit, such as a publicly known weight scale, and measures a voltage based on body-specific identification information (body weight).

  The site impedance measurement unit 3 includes a current supply unit (single frequency or dual frequency drive, etc.) 8, a current application electrode switching unit 9, a current, such as a known bioimpedance measurement device (for example, body fat meter, body composition meter, etc.). Application electrode 10 (10a-10n) (n> 5 integer), voltage measurement electrode 11 (11a-11n) (n> 4 integer), voltage measurement electrode switching unit 12 and voltage measurement unit 13, The potential difference caused by bioimpedance between the parts (various part impedances) is measured.

  The storage unit 4 stores body specifying information such as height, extremity length, trunk length, trunk length, and the like, Formula 1 to Formula 48, and the like. The storage unit 4 also stores an appropriate message or the like for advice on health guidelines as will be described later.

  The display / input unit 5 is a touch panel type liquid crystal display in which the input unit 5a and the display unit 5b are integrated. The display / input unit 5 inputs body specifying information including height, and displays various results, advice information, and the like. . The printing unit 6 prints various results, advice information, and the like displayed on the display unit 5b.

  The calculation / control unit 7 is based on the body identification information (weight), various body impedances (upper limb impedance, lower limb impedance, trunk impedance, etc.), the above-described equations 1 to 48, etc. Volume, lower limb skeletal muscle tissue volume, upper limb skeletal muscle tissue volume, internal organ tissue volume, subcutaneous fat tissue volume, visceral fat tissue volume, trunk abdominal fat tissue volume, abdominal fat tissue volume, trunk abdominal visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio , Etc., processing for removing the influence of fluctuation due to respiration, internal organ tissue abnormality determination, etc., and other various input / output, measurement, calculation, etc.

  As shown well in FIG. 1, this apparatus has a substantially L-shaped appearance, with the weight measuring unit 2 at the bottom, the display / input unit 5 at the top, and the printing unit 6 at the front. In addition, the grip portions 14a and 14b are arranged on the upper left and right side surfaces.

  The weight measurement unit 2 is provided with a left foot current application electrode 10a, a left foot voltage measurement electrode 11a, a right foot current application electrode 10b, and a right foot voltage measurement electrode 11b, and the grip unit 14a has a left hand current application electrode 10c and a left hand voltage measurement. The electrode 11c and the grip portion 14b are provided with a right-hand current application electrode 10d and a right-hand voltage measurement electrode 11d, respectively. Furthermore, for example, a voltage measurement electrode 10e for the trunk abdomen as shown in FIG. 3 can be arranged on the grip part 14b. As shown in FIG. 2, these electrodes 10a to e and 11a to In addition to d, an arbitrary number of additional current application electrodes 10f to 10n and voltage measurement electrodes 11e to 11n can be provided as necessary. These electrodes can be arbitrarily switched by the current application electrode switching unit 9 and the voltage measurement electrode switching unit 12 as needed.

  By gripping the grip portions 14a and 14b, the left hand and the right hand of the user come into contact with the left hand current application electrode 10c and the left hand voltage measurement electrode 11c, and the right hand current application electrode 10d and the right hand voltage measurement electrode 11d, respectively. obtain. Further, by placing on the weight measuring unit 2, the user's left and right leg soles are respectively left foot current application electrode 10a and left foot voltage measurement electrode 11a, and right foot current application electrode 10b and right foot voltage measurement electrode 11b. Can contact each other. Furthermore, the current application electrode 10e of the grip part 14b is moved while holding the grip part 14b and pressed against the trunk abdomen, thereby applying a current from the current application electrode 10e to Information can also be measured. As described above, in this apparatus, the grip electrodes 14a and 14b held by the hand, which is also a symbol for simply measuring the body composition, and the foot electrodes 10a, 10b, 11a, and 11b arranged on the base of the scale are followed. In addition, for example, a new attachment electrode to the trunk abdomen to enable measurement of information on the visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the trunk abdomen as new measurement information is provided to measure various parts. Can be easily.

  The current application electrode 10 and the voltage measurement electrode 11 may be realized by performing metal plating on the surface of the SUS material and the resin material. This type of electrode is coated with a water-retaining polymer film on the surface of the metal electrode, so that moisture can be wiped off before use or wetted with water to stabilize electrical contact with the skin. Sex can be secured. Further, although not particularly shown, it is possible to use an adhesive-attached electrode. This is a type in which a replaceable adhesive pad is attached to the base electrode surface of each electrode to ensure contact stability with the skin. This type is often used, for example, in low-frequency treatment devices and electrocardiogram electrodes, etc., when it is removed and discarded after measurement, and when the pad surface becomes dirty and adhesion decreases or moisture evaporates There is a form in which it is stored in a cover sheet or the like until it is discarded and replaced.

  Further, the position where the current application electrode 10n and the voltage measurement electrode 11n are provided is not particularly limited. For example, the current application electrode 10e may be provided at a position convenient for use by pressing against the user's abdomen. As shown in FIG. 3, it may be positioned on the side of the hand holding the grip portion, or may be positioned on the back side of the hand holding the grip portion as indicated by a dotted line in FIG. . By adopting such a configuration, a simple and simple device can be realized, that is, a small and simple device that can be pressed against the abdomen with a one-handed handy type can be provided. However, it may be configured to press against the abdomen with both hands, and in this case, it is advantageous in that it can be pressed stably.

  FIG. 4 shows a simplified example of another embodiment of the apparatus shown in FIGS. The basic configuration of this device may be considered the same as that shown in the block diagram of FIG. The same members as those in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In this embodiment, the operation panel 120 is disposed on the front surface of the user 3, and grip portions 14 a ′ and 14 b ′ are provided on the left and right sides of the operation panel 120. As in the above embodiment, each grip portion 14a ', 14b' has a left-hand current application electrode 10c '(not shown in the drawing), a left-hand voltage measurement electrode 11c', a right-hand current application electrode 10d ', and a right-hand voltage. Each measurement electrode 11d ′ is provided, and in this embodiment, a current application electrode 10e ′ for the abdomen is provided on the right ventral side surface 122 of the user 3. By adopting such a configuration, the user 3 rests on the weight measuring unit 2 ′ and presses his / her abdomen 122 against the side surface of the operation panel 120 while holding the grip units 14a ′ and 14b ′. The current from the current application electrode 10e ′ can also be used for measurement freehand.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 5, among the measurement of bioimpedance between various body parts by the limb guidance method used in the present apparatus, a mode of electrode switching particularly when only trunk impedance is measured will be described. .

  FIG. 5A shows a case where the trunk impedance is measured by energizing between the right hand and the right foot and measuring the potential difference between the left hand and the left foot (the energization route between the upper right limb and the right lower limb). The trunk abdomen bioimpedance Ztmrr is shown). In this case, the right hand current application electrode 10d and the right foot current application electrode 10b are used as current application electrodes, and the left hand voltage measurement electrode 11c and the left foot voltage measurement electrode 11a are used as voltage measurement electrodes.

  FIG. 5B shows a case where the trunk impedance is measured by energizing between the left hand and the left foot and measuring the potential difference between the right hand and the right foot (the energization route between the left upper limb and the left lower limb). The trunk abdomen bioimpedance Ztmll is shown). In this case, the left hand current application electrode 10c and the left foot current application electrode 10a are used as current application electrodes, and the right hand voltage measurement electrode 11d and the right foot voltage measurement electrode 11b are used as voltage measurement electrodes.

  FIG. 5C shows a case where the trunk impedance is measured by energizing between the right hand and the left foot and measuring the potential difference between the left hand and the right foot (the energization route between the upper right limb and the left lower limb). The trunk abdomen bioimpedance Ztmrl is shown). In this case, the right hand current application electrode 10d and the left foot current application electrode 10a are used as current application electrodes, and the left hand voltage measurement electrode 11c and the right foot voltage measurement electrode 11b are used as voltage measurement electrodes.

  FIG. 5D shows a case where trunk impedance is measured by conducting a current between the left hand and the right foot and measuring a potential difference between the right hand and the left foot (a route between the left upper limb and the right lower limb). Trunk abdominal bioimpedance Ztmlr is shown). In this case, the left hand current application electrode 10c and the right foot current application electrode 10b are used as current application electrodes, and the right hand voltage measurement electrode 11d and the left foot voltage measurement electrode 11a are used as voltage measurement electrodes. The electrode switching in the measurement of bioimpedance between various body parts by such limb guidance method is performed under the control of the calculation / control unit 7 under the control of the calculation / control unit 7 in a state where the measurement subject (user) touches each electrode. This is performed by the application electrode switching unit 9 and the voltage measurement electrode switching unit 12.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the trunk abdomen (middle part). The tissues constituting the trunk abdomen are subcutaneous fat tissue layer (FS), skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM), internal organ tissue ( VM), visceral adipose tissue (FV) adhering to the gap. When energizing the trunk, most of the current is considered to be energized to the skeletal muscle tissue layer. This is because the electrical conductivity of the skeletal muscle tissue layer is better than that of other tissues. The internal organ tissue is considered in series with the visceral adipose tissue, and it can be seen that the amount of energization can be expected to change depending on the size of the visceral adipose tissue.

FIG. 7 shows the structure of the trunk abdomen of FIG. 6 as an electrical equivalent circuit, and shows a simplified trunk abdomen equivalent circuit in which the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is omitted. This is a trunk abdominal equivalent circuit considered in the approach 1 approach in “Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of trunk constituent tissue” (14). Similarly, FIG. 8 shows the structure of the trunk abdomen of FIG. 6 as an electrical equivalent circuit, and shows the trunk abdomen equivalent circuit considered without omitting the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. This is a trunk abdominal equivalent circuit considered by the approach 2 approach in “3. Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of trunk structural organization” (15). Note that, as described above, Ztm is the impedance of the entire trunk, ZFS is the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, ZMM is the impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layer, and ZVM is as described above. The internal organ tissue impedance, ZFV, represents the visceral fat tissue impedance. As described above, in the equivalent circuit of FIG.
Ztm ≒ ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV)
In the equivalent circuit of FIG. 8, the relational expression Ztm = ZFS // ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) is established.

<Measurement of subcutaneous fat or selective measurement of subcutaneous fat and visceral fat>
In particular, a technique used for subcutaneous fat measurement or selective measurement of subcutaneous fat and visceral fat will be described.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram in which the schematic diagram of the trunk shown in FIG. 6 is modeled by the abdominal circumference cross section at the umbilical height. As shown in this figure, the trunk cross section includes the outermost subcutaneous adipose tissue layer (FS), the skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM) just inside, and the inner organ tissue (VM) inside. It includes visceral adipose tissue (FV) surrounding it.

  FIG. 10 shows the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 9 as an electrical equivalent circuit. For example, when the current (I) is applied to the current application electrodes 10e and 10f and the potential difference (V) is measured with the current measurement electrodes 11e and 11f, the electrical resistance in this equivalent circuit is mainly around the umbilicus. Impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer (ZFS1, ZFS2), Impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer around the abdomen (ZFS0), Impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layers on the left and right sides of the navel (ZMM1, ZMM2), Visible as visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV1, ZFV2), and further as internal organ tissue impedance near the trunk center (ZVM).

  FIG. 11 shows a circuit obtained by further simplifying FIG. Since ZFS1 and ZFS2 are considered to have substantially the same size, they are represented as ZFS having the same value, and ZMM1 and ZMM2 or ZFV1 and ZFV2 are represented as ZMM and ZFV, respectively. In addition, ZFS0, which is considered to be significantly lower in conductivity than other regions, is omitted. The point where this can be omitted will be apparent from the description in “3. Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of the trunk tissue” (13).

  Next, the relationship between the interelectrode distance and the spreading resistance in the four-electrode method will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the interelectrode distance and spreading resistance. In the drawing, a portion 30 surrounded by a round dotted line indicates a spreading resistance region. The current from the current application electrode gradually spreads in the subject's body after application, but does not spread so much in the region immediately after application, i.e., in the spreading resistance region. Very high compared to other areas. Therefore, when the current application electrodes 10e and 10f and the voltage measurement electrodes 11e and 11f are arranged too close to each other, the potential difference measured at the voltage measurement electrodes 11e and 11f spreads and is greatly affected by the current in the resistance region. .

For example, as is clear from the above-described equation 31, the impedance (ZFS) of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer near the umbilicus, the impedance (ZFS0) of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer around the abdomen, the impedance (ZMM) of the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the internal organs Between the impedance of the fat tissue (ZFV) and the impedance of the internal organ tissue near the center of the trunk (ZVM),
ZFS >> (ZVM + ZFV) >> ZMM
There is a relationship.
Therefore, the potential difference measurement impedance ΣZ1 when arranged close to each other with almost no distance between the IV electrodes is as follows:
ΣZ1 = 2 * ZFS + ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) ≈2 * ZFS
It becomes. As is clear from this, ZFS is amplified several times under the influence of spreading resistance, and information by ZFS is dominant here.

In order to reduce the influence of the spreading resistance, it is necessary to increase the distance between the current application electrode and the voltage measurement electrode. For example, the potential difference measurement impedance ΣZ2 when the distance between the IV electrodes is secured to about 10 cm is
ΣZ2≈2 * ZFS + ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV)
It is. As is apparent, the influence of the spreading resistance is somewhat reduced by increasing the distance between the I and V electrodes. However, the ZFS information is still dominant only by being separated by this degree.

In order to examine the influence of the spreading resistance in detail, as shown in FIG. 13, the distance between the IV electrodes and the VV electrodes at the electrodes 11e, 11f, 11g, and 11h is about 1/3 each. Consider a case where about 10 cm is secured and arranged. However, the electrodes 10e and 11e and the electrodes 10f and 11h are arranged close to each other with almost no IV-electrode distance. The potential difference measurement impedance ΣZ3 in this case is
ΣZ3≈2 * ZFS + ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV).
At this time, the relationship between the voltage drop (potential difference) measured between the electrodes is approximately as follows.
V1 = I * ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV)
V2 = V3 = I * 2 * ZFS
V1: (V2 + V3) ≈1-2: 10-20 = S: N
The variation of 1-2 of S and 10-20 of N in the above formula is due to individual differences in the thickness of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and the development of the skeletal muscle tissue layer. As can be seen from this result, it is difficult to say that a sufficient S / N can be secured even if the distance between the electrodes is adjusted.

In addition, since most of the current is predominantly energized in the skeletal muscle tissue layer, it is not possible to sufficiently secure energization sensitivity to the composite tissue layer of internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue. That is, if the current flowing in the skeletal muscle tissue layer is I1, and the current flowing in the internal organ tissue and visceral fat tissue to be measured is I2,
V1 = I * ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) = I1 * ZMM = I2 * (ZVM + ZFV)
I = I1 + I2
And therefore
ZMM: (ZVM + ZFV) = I2: I1≈1: 2-5
It becomes. As is clear from this, even if the influence of spreading resistance can be eliminated, the current flowing through the skeletal muscle tissue layer reaches 2-5 times the current flowing through the internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue. The S / N characteristic is further deteriorated. In this way, in a thick and short measurement site such as the trunk, even if the inter-electrode distance is adjusted, the upper limit is determined by the distance between the current application electrodes, so there is a limit to improving the S / N characteristics. is there.

  FIG. 14 shows an example of an electrode arrangement method for obtaining subcutaneous fat tissue layer information by the same method as in FIG. Based on this electrode arrangement method, not only subcutaneous fat tissue layer information but also visceral fat tissue information can be simultaneously measured as information separated from each other. The apparatus of the present invention has both a voltage measurement electrode for measuring visceral adipose tissue and a voltage measurement electrode for measuring a subcutaneous adipose tissue layer, and these electrode arrangements are selectively switched by a switching means. Thus, it is possible to measure both visceral fat tissue information and subcutaneous fat tissue layer information. The purpose of both simultaneous measurements is to measure the error factors during measurement due to breathing etc. at a sampling timing faster than the fluctuation of breathing, etc., so that both error factors can be relatively eliminated by measuring them simultaneously in the same environment. There is to do. Therefore, in addition to breathing, the influence of heartbeat and other body movements can be considered. In addition to speeding up, the same purpose can be achieved by smoothing processing in the same measurement environment.

  15 to 18 show specific electrode arrangement examples for obtaining subcutaneous fat tissue layer information (not visceral fat tissue information). Here, FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an impedance measurement arrangement example of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer immediately below the current applying electrodes 10e and 10f arranged on the left and right aponeurosis parts 15, and V2 is the right front side subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement. The potential difference, V3, represents the left front side subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an impedance measurement arrangement example of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer immediately below the current application electrode 10f arranged in the vicinity of the umbilicus A, and V2 represents the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference in the vicinity of the umbilicus. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an impedance measurement arrangement example of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer immediately below the current application electrode 10f arranged in the lower part of the umbilicus A, and V2 represents a subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference in the lower umbilicus. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an impedance measurement arrangement example of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under the current application electrode 10 f arranged in the flank 16, and V <b> 2 represents the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference of the flank 16.

  In order to obtain subcutaneous fat tissue layer information (specifically, a potential difference value or an impedance value), here, spread resistance is used. Spread resistance has generally been regarded as unfavorable, but it can be said that the spread resistance directly under the current application electrode represents information about the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, so it is useful to measure the potential difference in this region. Information on the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can be obtained.

  In order to measure the spreading resistance, at least one current application electrode pair and at least one voltage measurement electrode pair capable of measuring a potential difference generated in the subject by the current applied from the current application electrode pair are provided. Here, one of the current application electrodes included in the current application electrode pair, for example, the current application electrode, applies a current to a site where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is thin, or a region where the muscle abdominal portion of the skeletal muscle tissue layer is absent or thin. The other current application electrode, for example, the current application electrode 10a, is used to apply a current to a site where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is thick (or a site where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is to be measured).

  On the other hand, one voltage measurement electrode 11e included in the voltage measurement electrode pair is disposed at a position where the influence of the spreading resistance immediately below the current application electrode is dominant, that is, close to the current application electrode. On the other hand, the other voltage measurement electrode 11f is located at a position separated until the influence of the spreading resistance immediately below the current application electrode is reduced (the distance at which the one voltage measurement electrode 11e is disposed close to the current application electrode). 3) or more), that is, at a site that is not affected or hardly affected by the subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under the current application electrode. As the position where the former (one) voltage measurement electrode 11e is disposed, for example, the vicinity of the umbilicus where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer easily attaches to the trunk, the flank (upper edge of the iliac crest), the dorsum, etc. There is a part where the adipose tissue layer accumulates very thickly reflecting individual differences. As the position where the latter (the other) voltage measurement electrode 11f is arranged, for example, between the umbilicus and the upper edge of the iliac crest The subcutaneous adipose tissue layer is a site where the adipose tissue layer is difficult to attach, reflecting individual differences, such as (near the joint aponeurosis of the external oblique and rectus abdominis). The arrangement of the voltage measurement electrodes provided close to the current application electrode can capture the same information at any position all around the current application electrode. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, each voltage measurement electrode pair is arranged at a position close to the left and right current application electrode positions opposite to each other with the umbilicus and the spine as the central axes, and subcutaneously on both left and right side portions. The adipose tissue layer can also be measured.

The measured potential difference between the voltage measuring electrodes 11e and 11f and between the voltage measuring electrodes 11g and 11h by the current applied from the current applying electrode, such as the potential differences V2 and V3, is the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is considered impedance information that is proportional to the (ZFS) value and proportional to the thickness (L _FS ) information of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. If the impedance of the spreading resistor portion is ΔZ and the constant corresponding to the area of the current application electrode is A0,
△ Z Ｚ ZFS ∝ L _FS / A0 Ｌ L _FS
It is. Therefore, the cross-sectional area amount AFS of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer is
AFS = Lw * L _FS = aa0 * ZFS * Lw + bb0 ... Formula 45
Can be obtained. In the above equation, Lw is the abdominal circumference, that is, the length of the abdomen, and aa0 and bb0 are constants that are different values for men and women.

  In order to obtain visceral adipose tissue information (potential difference value, impedance value, etc.) together with subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information, at least another set of voltage measurements provided in an arrangement different from the voltage electrode arrangement for measuring subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information An electrode pair is necessary (as a result of the above, in order to measure both subcutaneous fat tissue information and visceral fat tissue information simultaneously, at least two voltage measurement electrode pairs are necessary).

  FIGS. 19 to 22 show specific electrode arrangement examples for simultaneously (selectively) measuring subcutaneous fat tissue layer information or both subcutaneous fat tissue layer information and visceral fat tissue information. Here, FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an impedance measurement arrangement example of the visceral fat tissue and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer immediately below the current applying electrodes 13R and 13L arranged in the left and right aponeurosis parts 15R and 15L, and V1 is the visceral fat The tissue measurement potential difference, V2 represents the right front side subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference, and V3 represents the left front side subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference. Since the left and right tissue layer balance of the living body is considered to be substantially symmetric, V2≈V3, and the voltage measurement electrodes arranged in four directions adjacent to the current application electrode are the same regardless of which electrode is used. A measurement result is obtained. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an impedance measurement arrangement example of the visceral fat tissue layer and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under the current application electrode arranged in the vicinity of the umbilicus A and the left aponeurosis 15L, and V1 is a visceral fat tissue measurement potential difference. , V2 indicates the measured potential difference in the vicinity of the umbilicus subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and V3 indicates the measured potential difference in the left front lateral subcutaneous fat tissue layer. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the impedance measurement arrangement of the visceral fat tissue, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer immediately below the current applying electrodes 10e and 10f arranged on the right aponeurosis 15L and the left aponeurosis 15R, and V1 represents the visceral fat The tissue measurement potential difference, V2 represents the right abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference, and V3 represents the left front lateral subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an impedance measurement arrangement example of a visceral adipose tissue and a subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly below a current application electrode arranged at a plurality of sites, where V1 is a visceral adipose tissue measurement potential difference in combination with I1, and V2 is , I1 is the right anterior subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference, V3 is the umbilical subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference in combination with I2, and V4 is the left abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue layer combination with I3 Each measured potential difference is shown.

  The visceral adipose tissue is measured not as a direct measurement of the visceral adipose tissue itself but as a composite tissue of the internal organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue assuming the models of FIGS. In the measurement of visceral adipose tissue, in order to ensure optimal S / N conditions, the amount of current applied from the current application electrode in the internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue inside the skeletal muscle tissue layer is increased, Ensure measurement sensitivity. Furthermore, by applying current from the site where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is thin or where the abdominal part of the skeletal muscle tissue layer is absent or thin, the influence of spreading resistance is minimized, and the internal resistance is minimized. Improves energization sensitivity to organ tissue and visceral fat tissue. When the cross-sectional area of the abdominal circumference is used as a measurement standard, the portion to which current is applied from the current application electrodes 10e and 10f is the portion where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is deposited most thinly or the muscle of the skeletal muscle tissue layer having good conductivity. Absent or less muscle connection region, for example, tendon (tendon, tendon, etc.) 15, more specifically, the section between the umbilicus and the upper edge of the iliac crest, rectus abdominis and outer abdomen It becomes the connecting tendon between the oblique muscles.

  In order to obtain not only the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information but also the visceral fat tissue information, in the embodiment of FIGS. 19 to 22, an additional voltage measurement electrode pair, that is, V1 of FIGS. 19 and 21, and FIG. V1 and V3 are provided. The position where these additional voltage measurement electrode pairs are provided is a site where the electrical conductivity is good and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is thin or the skeletal muscle tissue layer is not or thin. As is apparent from the drawing, the voltage measurement electrode included in the additional voltage measurement electrode pair for obtaining the visceral fat tissue information and the voltage measurement electrode included in the voltage measurement electrode pair for obtaining the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information. 11f and 11g can be used together. For example, in FIG. 19, the voltage measurement electrodes 11f and 11g included in the voltage measurement electrode pair V1 for obtaining visceral fat tissue information are respectively voltages included in the voltage measurement electrode pair V2 for obtaining subcutaneous fat tissue layer information. It can also be used as a measurement electrode or a voltage measurement electrode included in the voltage measurement electrode pair V3 for obtaining subcutaneous fat tissue layer information.

  As described above, in the configurations of FIGS. 19 to 22, at least two voltage measurement electrode pairs, ie, a voltage electrode pair for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and a voltage electrode pair for measuring the visceral fat tissue, are provided. The potential difference to be measured (any one of V1 to V3), that is, the part to be measured can be easily selected by the voltage measurement electrode switching unit 9 in FIG. Therefore, by using an electrode arrangement configuration having both an arrangement for measuring visceral adipose tissue and an arrangement for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, both pieces of tissue information can be easily separated and measured by switching with the switching means.

  As is apparent from the above description, in one embodiment of the present invention, electrode placement away from the umbilical girth is used to ensure the best distance conditions and the impedance of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer (ZFS). ) Are separated and removed as the measurement of the original four-electrode method. Furthermore, in another aspect of the present invention, not all of the four electrodes are aligned on the abdominal circumference, but at least one electrode is arranged at a position shifted from the abdominal circumference, thereby providing a more optimal S / The N condition is ensured. As such an arrangement method, as shown in FIGS. 19 to 22, for example, the current application electrode pair is arranged on the circumference of the navel (abdomen) and only the voltage measurement electrode is used as a pair or an electrode forming a pair. One of them can be arranged at a position off the circumference. One of the current application electrode pairs may be arranged on the circumference and the other may be arranged at a position off the circumference. Note that the current application electrode pair or the voltage measurement electrode pair may be disposed between the left and right parts when viewed from the umbilicus of the subject, that is, at a thin part of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. However, the voltage measurement electrode is, for example, in the longitudinal direction of the trunk in the abdominal region deviated from the circumference of the navel (abdomen).

<Measurement of visceral fat using the aponeurosis>
Next, measurement of visceral fat and the like using the aponeurosis will be described.
In the electrical equivalent circuit of FIG. 23, for example, when the current (I) is applied by the current application electrodes 10e and 10f and the potential difference (V) is measured by the voltage measurement electrodes 11f and 11e, the electrical resistance in the equivalent circuit is shown. Are mainly the impedance (ZFS1, ZFS2) of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer around the umbilicus, the impedance (ZFS0) of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer around the abdomen, and the impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layer (ZMM1, ZMM2), visceral adipose tissue impedance around the navel (ZFV1, ZFV2), and internal organ tissue impedance near the trunk center (ZVM).

  FIG. 23 shows an example of an electrode arrangement method that can be used in the present invention in the same manner as in FIGS. 9 and 14. In order to ensure the optimum S / N condition, here, the amount of current applied from the current application electrodes 10e and 10f in the internal organ tissue and the visceral fat tissue inside the skeletal muscle tissue layer is increased, and the measurement sensitivity to the measurement target tissue is increased. Secure. Furthermore, by applying a current from a thin site of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, in other words, a site where the impedance (ZFS) of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is small, the influence of spreading resistance is minimized, and internal organ tissue and Improves energization sensitivity to visceral adipose tissue. In order to reduce the influence of spreading resistance, the measurement of the potential difference by the voltage measuring electrodes 11e and 11f is also applied to the thin part of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, which is less affected by the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, in other words, the impedance (ZFS) of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. Is preferably carried out at a small site. When the cross-sectional area of the abdominal circumference is used as a measurement standard, the portion to which current is applied from the current application electrodes 10e and 10f is the portion where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is deposited most thinly or the muscle of the skeletal muscle tissue layer having good conductivity. There is no abdomen or a thin skeletal muscle connection region, for example, tendon part (tendon drawing, aponeurosis, etc.) 15, more specifically, a section between the umbilicus and the upper edge of the iliac crest, rectus abdominis muscle and outer abdomen It becomes the connecting tendon between the oblique muscles.

  Furthermore, in order to ensure the optimum S / N condition, it is preferable not to align all four electrodes on the abdominal circumference, but to arrange at least one electrode at a position shifted from the abdominal circumference. By taking the arrangement away from the umbilical circumference, the best distance condition can be secured, and the impedance (ZFS) of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is separated and removed as the measurement of the original four-electrode method Can do.

  As such an arrangement method, for example, the current application electrode pair is arranged on the abdominal (umbilical) circumference, and only one of the voltage forming electrodes is paired or one of the electrodes forming the pair is located at a position off the circumference. A method of arranging can be considered. One of the current application electrode pairs may be arranged on the circumference and the other may be arranged at a position off the circumference. The current application electrode pair or the voltage measurement electrode pair may be disposed between the left and right parts when viewed from the navel A of the subject, that is, in a thin part of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. However, the voltage measuring electrode is, for example, in the longitudinal direction of the trunk in the abdominal region deviated from the abdominal (umbilical) circumference.

  24 to 26 show actual electrode arrangement examples. FIG. 24 shows the voltage measurement electrode arranged above the umbilical girth, FIG. 25 shows the voltage measurement electrode arranged below the umbilical girth, and FIG. 26 shows the umbilical circumference similar to FIG. Although it is an upper part, it arrange | positions in the aponeurosis position of the tendon drawing position a little above the navel A of a rectus abdominis muscle.

<Measurement of visceral fat etc. using rectus abdominis muscle>
Next, measurement of visceral fat and the like using the rectus abdominis muscle will be described. By using the skeletal muscle (stratus abdominis) tissue layer as a virtual electrode layer, the amount of current flow is increased in the internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue inside the skeletal muscle tissue layer to ensure measurement sensitivity to the visceral adipose tissue. be able to. 27 to 29 show a method for arranging a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer virtual electrode that can be used in the present invention. FIG. 27 shows the actual structure of the trunk abdomen from the front side and the back side, and FIG. 28 schematically shows the structure of FIG. FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating FIG. 27 as an equivalent circuit.

  As shown in FIG. 27, in the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer 50, muscle fibers are regularly arranged along the longitudinal direction of the trunk, and a highly sensitive frequency current is passed along the trunk length to muscle fibers in the vicinity of 50 KHz. If it does, it will become a conductive guide by which an electric current is mainly induced | guided | derived to a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. The other external oblique muscle tissue layer 20 has muscle fibers running obliquely and is less conductive than the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer 50.

  In particular, in the longitudinal direction of the trunk, in the section in which the trunk is energized diagonally between the dovetail and the back waist, the external oblique muscle tissue layer 20 is arranged so that the fiber direction is perpendicular to the energization direction, Since it has the highest volume resistivity, its function as an energizing guide is low.

  As shown in FIG. 28, the structure of the trunk abdomen is from the outside to the inside, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer (FS), the skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM), the visceral fat tissue (FV), and the internal organ tissue (VM). Represented as a layered structure of tissue. This is as shown in FIG. The skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM) is divided into a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer (MM1) and a skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM2) diagonally extending to the muscle fibers other than the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer.

The electrical characteristics between tissues are determined by the volume resistivity ρ [Ωm], and the tissues of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer (MM1) and the skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM2) obliquely skeletal muscle tissue other than the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer In consideration of the electrical characteristic values of “3. Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of the trunk tissue”, “11. Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of the trunk tissue (Supplement 1)”, “17. The electrical characteristic value of each tissue described in “Equivalent Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Executive Organization (Supplement 2)” is generally described by the following relationship.
ρMM1 << ρ (VM + FV) << ρFS
ρVM << ρFV
ρMM1 <ρMM2
ρMM2 = ρVM or ρMM2 <ρVM
ρFV = ρFS or ρFV <ρFS
here,
Volume resistivity of subcutaneous adipose tissue layer: ρFS
Volume resistivity of composite tissue layer of internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue: ρ (VM + FV)
Volume resistivity of rectus abdominis muscle layer in skeletal muscle tissue layer: ρMM1
Volume resistivity of skeletal muscle tissue layer with oblique muscle fiber orientation other than rectus abdominis muscle layer: ρMM2
Therefore, when replaced with impedance information, the above equation 31 is expressed as follows.
ZFS >> Z (VM + FV) >>ZMM2> ZMM1
It becomes.
here,
Impedance of subcutaneous adipose tissue layer: ZFS
Impedance of rectus abdominis muscle layer in skeletal muscle tissue layer: ZMM1
Impedance of skeletal muscle tissue layer with diagonally oriented muscle fibers other than rectus abdominis muscle layer: ZMM2
Impedance of the composite tissue layer of internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue: Z (VM + FV) = ZVM + ZFV

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 27 to 29, one current application electrode 33 is arranged near the upper upper end of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer at the lower part of the trunk on the trunk side, and the other current application electrode 34 is arranged at the lower back waist. Yes. One electrode 36 of the voltage measurement electrode pair for visceral adipose tissue measurement is placed apart until the influence of spreading resistance in the vicinity of the current application electrode can be ignored. The other electrode 37 is arranged near the circumference of the umbilical cord on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer in order to remove the series impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer.

When a current I is applied between the electrode 33 and the electrode 34, the current flows along a path as shown by a broken line in FIGS. Therefore, the potential difference V1 measured by the electrodes 36 and 37 is a visceral fat tissue measurement potential difference, and the measurement range of V1 is indicated by S1. The current-applying electrode position selected here has a very thin subcutaneous adipose tissue layer on both the front-side dovetail lower part and the back-side lower waist part. Just fine. Therefore, the following impedance is obtained from I and V1.
Ztm ＝ V1 / I ＝ ZMM2 /／ (ZVM + ZFV)

Here, Ztm is the combined impedance of the trunk abdomen supplemented by the voltage measuring electrodes 36 and 37, and when ZMM = ZMM2,
Ztm = ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV)
This is the same as the equation 44 above. Therefore, the amount of visceral adipose tissue can be measured by the method described above.

  As shown in FIG. 30, the surface-side current application electrode 33 can be arranged up to the upper part of the second stage which is divided into six sections by the tendon image 21 on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer 50. In this case, an electrode width that spans both the right and left rectus abdominis muscle layers sandwiching the white line 23 is secured. As a position of the back surface side current application electrode 34, it can arrange | position in the range from the position (height) of the umbilicus A to the joint aponeurosis part between the left and right gluteal muscles 25. In FIG. 30, S3 and S4 indicate the allowable range of the current application electrode arrangement of the electrodes 33 and 34.

  Moreover, as the position of the surface side voltage measurement electrode 37, as shown in FIG. 31, it can be arrange | positioned from a slightly upper umbilicus position to a lower part from the umbilicus position on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. The connected aponeurosis part of the external oblique muscle layer and the rectus abdominis muscle layer is also an allowable range in the vicinity of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. The position of the back-side voltage measurement electrode 36 can be arranged in a range from the connected aponeurosis part of the latissimus dorsi muscle 27 and the gluteus medius 25 to the abdominal part while ensuring the distance of the influence of resistance spreading from the applied current voltage. It is. In FIG. 31, S5 and S6 indicate the allowable range of the voltage measurement electrode arrangement of the electrodes 37 and 36.

  The measurement technique of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can be combined with the measurement technique of the visceral adipose tissue as described above. Such a combination of measurement techniques will be described below.

  32 to 34 show an example of electrode arrangement for measuring impedance of a subcutaneous fat tissue layer and an example of combination electrode arrangement for measurement of visceral adipose tissue and measurement of a subcutaneous adipose tissue layer. FIG. It is the figure of the surface side of the abdominal part seen centering on the navel A, FIG. 33 is a figure of a test subject's back side. In FIG. 34, the left side shows the back side of the subject, and the right side shows the surface side of the subject.

(i) Impedance measurement electrode arrangement example of subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under current application electrode arranged on rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer In FIG. 32, 53 and 54 indicate current application electrodes, and 55-60 indicate voltage measurement electrodes. Show. The electrode 53 corresponds to 33 in FIG. 27, and its arrangement is the same as in FIG. The electrodes 53 and 54 are electrodes constituting a current applying electrode pair for measuring subcutaneous fat tissue layers. Electrodes 55 and 56 are electrodes constituting a voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring the abdominal upper part (lower pigeon tail) subcutaneous fat tissue layer. Electrodes 55 and 58 are electrodes constituting a voltage measuring electrode pair for measuring the umbilical peripheral subcutaneous fat tissue layer. The electrodes 56 and 58 are arranged close to the current application electrodes 53 and 54, respectively, at positions where the influence of the spreading resistance immediately below the current application electrodes is dominant, and the electrode 55 They are arranged at positions apart until the influence of spreading resistance directly under the application electrode is reduced. V2 indicates an abdominal upper part (lower pigeon tail) subcutaneous adipose tissue layer measurement potential difference due to the applied current I2, and V3 indicates a umbilical peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue layer measurement potential difference due to the applied current I2.

  The voltage measuring electrodes 56 and 58 close to the current application electrode may be arranged at any position on the four sides of the current application electrode. For example, as indicated by a dashed arrow, an electrode 57 may be disposed instead of the electrode 56, and an electrode 59 or an electrode 60 may be disposed instead of the electrode 58. In this case, the voltage measurement electrodes arranged in four directions adjacent to the current application electrodes can obtain almost the same measurement result regardless of the arrangement of the electrodes.

(ii) Impedance measurement electrode arrangement example of subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under current application electrode arranged on back waist part In FIG. 33, 61 and 62 indicate current application electrodes, and 63 to 68 indicate voltage measurement electrodes. The electrode 61 corresponds to 34 in FIG. 27, and its arrangement is the same as in FIG. The electrodes 61 and 62 are electrodes constituting a current applying electrode pair for measuring subcutaneous fat tissue layers. Electrodes 63 and 64 are electrodes that constitute a voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer in the vicinity of the umbilical waist. Further, the electrodes 63 and 66 are electrodes constituting a voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring a subcutaneous fat tissue layer in the vicinity of the umbilical waist side abdomen. The electrodes 64 and 66 are arranged close to the current application electrodes 61 and 62, respectively, at positions where the influence of the spreading resistance immediately below the current application electrodes is dominant, and the electrode 63 has a current relative to the current application electrodes 61 and 62. They are arranged at positions apart until the influence of spreading resistance directly under the application electrode is reduced. V2 indicates the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference near the umbilical waist due to the applied current I2, and V3 indicates the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference near the umbilical waist due to the applied current I2.

  The voltage measurement electrodes 64 and 66 adjacent to the current application electrode may be arranged at any position on the four sides of the current application electrode. For example, as indicated by a dashed arrow, the electrode 65 may be disposed instead of the electrode 64, and the electrode 67 or the electrode 68 may be disposed instead of the electrode 66. In this case, the voltage measurement electrodes arranged in four directions adjacent to the current application electrodes can obtain almost the same measurement result regardless of the arrangement of the electrodes.

(iii) Example of combined electrode arrangement for measurement of visceral fat tissue and measurement of subcutaneous fat tissue layer In FIG. 34, reference numerals 70 to 73 denote current application electrodes, and reference numerals 74 to 77 denote voltage measurement electrodes. The electrodes 61 and 62 are electrodes constituting a current application electrode pair for visceral adipose tissue measurement. Electrodes 70 and 72 are electrodes constituting a current applying electrode pair for measuring the umbilical portion of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and electrodes 71 and 73 are current applying electrodes for measuring the back waist side subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is an electrode which comprises a pair. The electrodes 70 and 71 correspond to 33 and 34 in FIG. 27, respectively, and their arrangement is the same as in FIG.

  Electrodes 74 and 75 are electrodes constituting a voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer near the umbilical cord. Electrodes 76 and 77 are electrodes constituting a voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer on the back waist side. The electrodes 75 and 77 are arranged close to the current application electrodes 72 and 73, respectively, at positions where the influence of the spreading resistance directly under the current application electrodes is dominant, and the electrodes 74 and 76 are respectively connected to the current application electrodes 70, 72 and 71 and 73 are arranged at positions away from each other until the influence of spreading resistance directly under the current application electrode is reduced. V1 is the visceral adipose tissue measurement potential difference due to the applied current I, V2 is the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference near the umbilical position due to the applied current I2, and V3 is the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference at the back waist side due to the applied current I3. Respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 34, the impedance measurement by the voltage measurement electrode pair is greatly affected by the combination that is not or hardly affected by the subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under the current application electrode and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under the current application electrode. (Measurement of spreading resistance range) The measurement is performed by combining two or more electrode pairs in combination, and information on both subcutaneous fat tissue layers and visceral fat tissues can be measured as separated information at the same time.

  For example, both a subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement electrode and a visceral adipose tissue (the mainstream of energization is tissue layer information measured by energizing the composite tissue layer of the internal organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue) has both the arrangement of the measurement electrode at the same time, By appropriately selecting the current application electrode pair and the voltage measurement electrode pair by the current application electrode switching unit 9 and the voltage measurement electrode switching unit 12 in FIG.

  By measuring both tissue information at the same time, it is possible to measure both errors simultaneously in the same environment, such as measuring fluctuation error factors during measurement due to breathing etc. at a sampling timing faster than fluctuations in breathing. Can be removed. Therefore, in addition to breathing, the influence of heartbeats can be removed. In addition to increasing the speed, the same effect can be obtained by smoothing processing in the same measurement environment.

<Measurement of visceral fat using impedance of rectus abdominis muscle>
Next, measurement of visceral fat and the like using the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle will be described.
By using the skeletal muscle (stratus abdominis) tissue layer as a virtual electrode layer, increase the amount of current to the internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue inside the skeletal muscle tissue layer to ensure measurement sensitivity to the visceral adipose tissue At the same time, the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer itself is also measured. 35 to 37 show an electrode arrangement method in measurement of a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer using a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer virtual electrode that can be used in the present invention. FIG. 35 shows the actual structure of the trunk abdomen from the front side and the back side, and FIG. 36 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of FIG. FIG. 37 is a diagram showing FIG. 35 as an equivalent circuit.

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 35 to 37, one current application electrode 43 is arranged near the upper upper end of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer at the lower trunk side of the trunk, and the other current application electrode 44 is arranged at the lower back waist. Yes. One electrode 46 of the voltage measurement electrode pair for visceral adipose tissue measurement is placed apart until the influence of the spreading resistance in the vicinity of the current application electrode can be ignored. The other electrode 47 is arranged near the circumference of the umbilical cord on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer in order to remove the series impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. Further, one electrode 48 of the voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is disposed on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer so as to be separated from the current application electrode 43 until the influence of the spreading resistance in the vicinity of the current application electrode can be ignored. . The other electrode 47 is shared with the voltage measurement electrode for visceral adipose tissue measurement. This voltage measuring electrode 47 for measuring the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer can be placed on the umbilicus or the lower umbilicus or in a position including the umbilicus with reference to the position of the umbilicus A from the middle to the lower abdominal muscle tissue It is.

When a current I is applied between the electrode 43 and the electrode 44, the current flows along a path as indicated by a broken line in FIGS. Therefore, the potential difference V1 measured by the electrodes 46 and 47 is a visceral adipose tissue measurement potential difference, and the measurement range of V1 is indicated by S1. The potential difference V2 measured by the electrodes 47 and 48 is a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement potential difference, and the measurement range of V2 is indicated by S2. The current-applying electrode position selected here has a very thin subcutaneous adipose tissue layer on both the front-side dovetail lower part and the back-side lower waist part. Just fine. Therefore, the following impedance is obtained from I, V1, and V2.
Ztm ＝ V1 / I ＝ ZMM2 /／ (ZVM + ZFV)
ZMM1 ＝ V2 / I

  As described above, in one embodiment of the present invention, the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer can use a two-frequency measurement value. This is because the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is measured by an applied current having a frequency f1 with high sensitivity to the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer, and the bioimpedance of the trunk is measured at a frequency higher than f1. This is performed by an applied current having a frequency f2 that is hardly affected by the fibers.

  FIGS. 38 to 41 show a combination electrode arrangement example or an electrode arrangement positioning method for measurement of visceral adipose tissue, rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer and subcutaneous adipose tissue layer that can be used in the present invention. In both figures, the right side is a diagram of the front side of the abdomen viewed from the subject's navel A, and the left side is a diagram of the back side of the subject.

(i) Visible electrode arrangement of visceral adipose tissue, rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer and subcutaneous adipose tissue layer In FIG. 38, 83 to 85 denote current application electrodes, and 86 to 89 denote voltage measurement electrodes. The electrodes 83, 84, 86, 87, 88 correspond to 43, 44, 47, 48, 46 in FIG. 35, and their arrangement is the same as in FIG. The electrode 86 can be placed on the umbilicus or in the lower umbilicus, or in a position including the umbilicus, based on the position of the umbilicus A from the middle part of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. S <b> 7 indicates an allowable range in the arrangement of the electrodes 86.

  The electrodes 84 and 85 are electrodes constituting a current applying electrode pair for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and the electrodes 88 and 89 are electrodes constituting a voltage measuring electrode pair for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. The electrode 89 is disposed in the vicinity of the current application electrode 85 at a position where the influence of the spreading resistance immediately below the current application electrode is dominant, and the electrode 88 has a spreading resistance immediately below the current application electrode 84 with respect to the current application electrode 84. It is placed away until the impact is reduced. V1 is a visceral adipose tissue measurement potential difference due to the applied current I, V2 is a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement potential difference due to the applied current I, and V3 is a subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference due to the applied current I3 (especially the positions of the electrodes 85 and 89). Taking into account the back waist side subcutaneous fat tissue layer measured potential difference).

(ii) Arrangement of measurement electrodes shared with voltage electrodes In FIG. 39, 90 to 92 denote current application electrodes, and 93 to 95 denote voltage measurement electrodes. In FIG. 39, the arrangement of the visceral adipose tissue measurement electrode and the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement electrode is the same as in FIG. 38, and only the electrode arrangement for the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer measurement is different. The electrodes 90 and 92 are electrodes constituting a current applying electrode pair for subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement, and the electrodes 93 and 94 are electrodes constituting a voltage measurement electrode pair for subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement. The electrodes 93 and 94 also serve as electrodes for measuring the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. These voltage measurement electrodes are arranged in the above-described relationship with the applied current electrode in consideration of the influence of the spreading resistance directly under the current applied electrode. V1 is the visceral adipose tissue measurement potential difference due to the applied current I, V2 is the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement potential difference due to the applied current I, and V3 is the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential difference due to the applied current I2 (particularly the positions of the electrodes 93 and 94). Taking into consideration the umbilical position, the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer measured potential difference) is shown.

(iii) Measurement Electrode Arrangement Using Tendon Drawing or Umbilical Position for Positioning Electrode In FIG. 40, reference numerals 100 to 101 denote current application electrodes, and reference numerals 102 to 104 denote voltage measurement electrodes. FIG. 40 shows a positioning method when arranging the voltage measurement electrode for measuring the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. It is set as the paste mark position. The rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the trunk, and is divided into upper, middle, and lower (existing umbilicus) parts by tendon drawings (tendon parts). Used as a reference position. Further, when the electrode 104 for measuring the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is arranged, the umbilical portion is set as the electrode attachment mark position. That is, it arrange | positions in the position on the umbilicus or the lower umbilicus, or the position including the umbilical part on the basis of the position of the umbilicus A below the middle part of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. If the concave portion of the umbilicus has a length that allows the voltage measurement electrode to be partly secured, it can be considered as an allowable range as a measurement area. V1 indicates the visceral fat tissue measurement potential difference due to the applied current I, and V2 indicates the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement potential difference due to the applied current I.

(iv) Measurement electrode arrangement using either left or right half of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer for measurement In FIG. 41, 110 to 112 indicate current application electrodes, and 113 to 116 indicate voltage measurement electrodes. FIG. 18 is the same as FIG. 38 in the arrangement of the visceral adipose tissue measurement electrode and the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement electrode, and only the electrode arrangement for the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement is different. The electrodes 110 and 112 are electrodes constituting a current applying electrode pair for measuring subcutaneous fat tissue layers, and the electrodes 114 and 115 are electrodes constituting a voltage measuring electrode pair for measuring subcutaneous fat tissue layers. These voltage measurement electrodes are arranged in the above-described relationship with the applied current electrode in consideration of the influence of the spreading resistance directly under the current applied electrode. The current application electrode 112 and the voltage measurement electrode 115 are arranged on the left half side of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. Since the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is separated from the left and right by a white line (see FIG. 30), only the left or right divided by the white line can be the target of measurement and energization guide. Therefore, the length of the electrode is also smaller than other electrodes. In FIG. 41, it is arranged in the left half, but it can also be arranged in the right half. On the other hand, the current application electrode 80 and the voltage measurement electrodes 113 and 114 arranged on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer both straddle the white line so as to contribute to energization and measurement equally to the left and right rectus abdominis muscle tissue layers. Have a measurable length.

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 35 to 41, the current application electrode pair is disposed between the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer upper part and the lower back lower part of the trunk surface side dovetail, It can also be placed on the trunk frontal rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. In that case, one electrode of the current applying electrode pair is disposed near the upper upper end of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer at the lower trunk side of the trunk, and the other electrode is disposed below the umbilic position on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. Then, one electrode of the voltage measurement electrode pair is arranged at a certain distance from the one current application electrode. Since the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is thinly distributed near the upper upper end of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer at the lower part of the trunk on the trunk side, it is less affected by spreading resistance and can be arranged close to the current application electrode to some extent. Further, the other voltage measuring electrode is arranged on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer while ensuring a distance that spreads from the other current application electrode and avoids the influence of resistance. Since the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer is thickly distributed in the vicinity of the umbilicus, it is necessary to ensure a wide distance for avoiding the influence of spreading resistance.

<Measurement of trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat by combination electrode arrangement of extremities and trunk>
Next, the trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat according to the present invention using the above techniques comprehensively will be described. 42 to 45 show an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk abdomen (trunk) including the upper and lower limbs, which is assumed in the technique of the present invention, in the same manner as in FIGS. Show.

FIG. 42 is a diagram showing an electrical equivalent circuit of the structure of the trunk abdomen in consideration of the impedance Zh of the upper limb and the impedance Zf of the lower limb. In particular, on the right side, in order to obtain the skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance ZMM, an electrical equivalent circuit is shown with a more detailed configuration of the skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance. As shown in this figure, the impedance Zh of the upper limb and the impedance Zf of the lower limb are respectively connected in series with the impedance Ztm of the middle trunk, and the impedance Ztm of the middle trunk Among them, in particular, the skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance ZMM is “dominant rectus muscle is dominant over the series circuit of“ tendon ZAM1 ”,“ skeletal muscle ZMM2 such as spine and oblique oblique muscles ”and“ tendon ZAM2 ”. Skeletal muscle ZMM1 ”can be regarded as being connected in parallel. In general, the following relational expression holds between these impedances.
ZMM = ZMM1 // (ZAM1 + ZMM2 + ZAM2)

  43 to 45 are respectively based on the electrical equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 42, an induction method by energization between the upper limb part and the lower limb part, an induction method by energization between the upper limb part and the trunk abdomen, and a lower limb part— It shows a guidance method by energization between trunk and abdomen. In each figure, the circuit shown on the left side can be considered as a simplification of the circuit shown on the right side.

As shown in FIG. 43, when the current is applied between the upper limb part and the lower limb part, in particular, the impedance of the skeletal muscle ZMM can be regarded as “skeletal muscle ZMM1 in which the rectus abdominis muscle is dominant”. As a result, it can be simplified and understood as an electrical equivalent circuit as shown on the right side of FIG. More specifically, the electrical equivalent circuit on the right assumes that the following relational expression holds.
ZAM1 ≒ ZAM2 >>ZMM2> ZMM1
∴ZMM ≒ ZMM1
In this circuit, the current I from the current application electrode mainly flows into I21 on the skeletal muscle ZMM side and I11 on the visceral ZMV and ZFV sides.

  As shown in FIG. 44, when energized between the upper limb part and the trunk abdomen, since the aponeurosis ZAM2 has only a low resistance, the current is considered to conduct the aponeurosis ZAM2, and as a result, It can be simplified and understood as an electrical equivalent circuit as shown on the right side of FIG. In this circuit diagram, the current I from the current application electrode flows separately into I22 on the skeletal muscle ZMM side and I12 on the visceral ZMV and ZFV side. In this case, I22 < There is a relationship of I12.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 45, when electrification is performed between the lower limbs and the trunk abdomen, “tendon membrane ZAM1” and “skeletal muscles ZMM2 such as spine and abdominal oblique muscles”, which are constituent elements of skeletal muscle ZMM. As a result, it can be grasped as an electric equivalent circuit as shown on the right side of FIG. In this circuit diagram, the current I from the current application electrode flows separately into I23 on the skeletal muscle ZMM side and I13 on the visceral ZMV and ZFV side. In this case, I23 < There is a relationship of I13.

  Next, a basic concept for performing measurement of trunk visceral / subcutaneous fat according to the present invention will be briefly described.

  In the present invention, the concept of the four-electrode method is used. Regarding the basic four electrodes used in the four-electrode method, one of the current-applying electrodes necessary for energization is the limb or head that protrudes from the trunk (for example, as a clip electrode on the ear of the head) It is assumed that the other current application electrode is placed on the trunk abdomen. According to this configuration, for example, since it can be measured as a clip electrode on the ear and can be measured between the trunk, measurement of a subject who is bedridden and has both hands free is also possible (in this case, For example, the ear clip electrode may be pulled out from the apparatus main body with a lead wire). Further, according to the present invention, the electrode to be arranged on the trunk is only one of the current application electrodes, and the other electrodes, that is, two voltage measurement electrodes, are the remaining limbs other than the other current application electrode arrangement or You may make it arrange | position to a head. Here, a new induction method applying the induction method of Organ et al. Can also be introduced. According to this method, the restriction on the voltage measurement electrode disposed on the trunk abdomen can be significantly improved by using only one side of the current application electrode disposed on the trunk abdomen.

  In the present invention, in order to easily measure the visceral fat tissue and subcutaneous fat tissue layer information of the trunk abdomen, energization to the trunk is simplified. For example, when measuring the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer, the other current application electrode is arranged on the trunk abdomen to be measured, and the current application electrode is arranged as a voltage measurement electrode arrangement for measuring the spreading resistance component immediately below the electrode. One of the voltage measurement electrodes is disposed in proximity to the electrode. The voltage measurement electrode on the other side is the information on the subcutaneous fat tissue layer (thickness) from the potential difference obtained with the voltage measurement electrode that is arranged with a distance to the extent that it is not affected by the spreading resistance from the current application electrode. Secure. The other voltage measurement electrode may be arranged on the trunk abdomen, or may be arranged on the extremities by a new induction method applying the induction method of Organ et al.

  In the voltage measurement electrode placement during subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement, it is placed at a close position where the influence of the spreading resistance under the electrode is dominant from the current application electrode placed on the trunk, and the other can be almost ignored Securing the electrode. Both electrodes may be on the circumference of the umbilical cord, or one may be in the longitudinal direction of the trunk. The arrangement in the longitudinal direction may not be in the energization section as long as the potential is equal to the measurement target potential position.

  Since the subcutaneous fat tissue layer thickness distribution on the circumference of the umbilical cord has individual differences depending on the site, it is advantageous to improve the estimation accuracy of the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue that can secure measurement information of a plurality of sites having characteristics of each individual. A plurality of current application electrodes arranged on the trunk side corresponding to one of the current application electrodes arranged on the limbs and the head are arranged near the circumference of the umbilical cord, and subcutaneous fat tissue layer information directly under the current application electrodes As many voltage measuring electrodes as possible can be measured.

  In the present invention, when measuring visceral adipose tissue, the arrangement of the other current application electrode on the trunk abdomen to be measured is poor in electrical conductivity except for the skeletal muscle tissue layer constituting the trunk abdomen. By using the aponeurosis (connective tissue with skeletal muscle), the current from the limbs and the head is prevented from becoming dominant in the skeletal muscle tissue layer on the surface of the trunk, deep internal organ tissue + visceral fat Improves the sensitivity of the visceral adipose tissue by improving the ratio of the current applied to the composite tissue layer of the tissue.

In more detail, here
1) One of the current-applying current application electrodes is disposed on a protruding portion (for example, limb or head) from the trunk, and the other is disposed on the trunk abdomen.
2) The other is placed on the aponeurosis excluding the skeletal muscle tissue of the trunk abdomen.
3) The optimal aponeurosis is the connecting section between the left and right abdominal rectus muscles and the external oblique muscles.
4) When a current is applied from the upper limbs and the head, the other current application electrode is disposed in the vicinity of the umbilical circumference in the aponeurosis.
5) When a current is applied from the lower limb, the other current application electrode is disposed in the vicinity of the greater diaphragm near the upper limb than the circumference of the umbilicus in the aponeurosis.
6) The electrode to be arranged on the trunk is only one of the current application electrodes, and the other electrodes, that is, the voltage measurement electrodes, are both arranged on the remaining limbs or head other than the other current application electrode arrangement. I can do it. Again, a new guidance method can be introduced that applies the guidance method of Organ et al.

Further, when measuring visceral adipose tissue, the arrangement of the other current application electrode on the trunk abdomen to be measured is a aponeurosis with poor electrical conductivity excluding the skeletal muscle tissue layer constituting the trunk abdomen. By using the body part (connective tissue with the skeletal muscle tissue layer), the current flowing from the limbs and the head is prevented from becoming the dominant skeletal muscle tissue layer on the surface of the trunk, deep internal organ tissue + visceral fat The ratio of the energization current to the composite tissue layer of the tissue can be improved, and the estimation sensitivity of visceral adipose tissue can be improved. In more detail, here
1) The voltage measurement electrode is a guiding method for ensuring measurement information of both the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and the visceral adipose tissue. The electrodes for both the arrangement of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement and the arrangement of the visceral fat tissue measurement are used as the trunk. You may arrange.
2) The voltage measurement electrode may be arranged on the trunk abdomen for both the measurement electrodes.
3) When current is applied from the upper limbs and the head, one of the voltage measurement electrodes is arranged on the vicinity of the umbilical girth together with the current application electrode, and the other is on the circumference of the umbilical girth or in the current-carrying section in the longitudinal direction of the trunk Shall be placed.
4) In the case of applying current from the lower limb, one of the voltage measurement electrodes is disposed in the vicinity of the current application electrode, and the other is disposed in the vicinity of the umbilical circumference or in the current-carrying section in the longitudinal direction of the trunk. .
5) When measuring visceral adipose tissue, the voltage measurement electrode should be placed at a distance from the current application electrode placed on the trunk so that the effect of spreading resistance under the electrode can be almost ignored. In the case of current application from the upper limb and head, one is on the circumference of the umbilical girth and the other is in the current-carrying section in the longitudinal direction of the trunk, while in the case of current application from the lower limb, one is on the upper limb from the umbilical girth It arrange | positions in a near region and makes the other into the energization area of a trunk | body longitudinal direction.

  46 to 53, a guidance method according to the present invention for measuring adipose tissue, in particular, visceral adipose tissue, by combination electrode arrangement of limbs and trunks will be described.

  46A to 46C, one of the current application electrodes for energization is provided on the palm (as a grip electrode), the other current application electrode is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and the other two voltage measurement electrode pairs are provided. The guidance method arrange | positioned on a trunk abdomen is shown.

  FIG. 46A particularly relates to the right arm-trunk abdomen energization measurement. In order to apply the current I1, one current applying electrode 10d of the current applying electrode pair is provided on the palm of the right hand (as the grip electrode 14b). For the abdomen, the other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and the voltage measurement electrode pairs 11e and 11g and the voltage measurement electrode pair 11f are used to measure the potential differences V1 and V1 ′. , 11 g are respectively arranged on the trunk abdomen, and an electrode arrangement for measuring visceral adipose tissue is shown. In particular, the voltage measurement electrode 11f can be disposed anywhere as long as it can secure a distance from the current application electrode 10e on the circumference of the umbilicus that can avoid the influence of spreading resistance and can measure an equivalent potential. . Note that substantially the same measurement result can be obtained by either the potential difference V1 or the potential difference V1 '.

  FIG. 46B relates to the left arm-trunk abdomen energization measurement for measuring the potential difference V2, V2 ′ by applying the current I2. FIG. 46A shows the electrode arrangement position symmetrically. It is.

  FIG. 46C relates to the measurement of energization of both arms and trunk abdomen by combining FIGS. 46A and 46B. In order to apply the current I3, one current application electrode 10d of the current application electrode pair is defined as a grip electrode 14b. ) Provided in the palm of the right hand, the other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis) for the abdomen, or one current application electrode 10c of the current application electrode pair (grip electrode 14a) And the other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis) for the abdomen, and the voltage measurement electrode pair 11e is used to measure the potential differences V3 and V3 ′. , 11g and voltage measurement electrode pairs 11f, 11g are respectively arranged on the trunk abdomen to show an electrode arrangement for measuring visceral adipose tissue.

  47D to 47F, one of the current application electrodes for energization is provided on the sole (as a foot electrode), the other current application electrode is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and the other two voltage measurement electrodes The guidance method which arrange | positions a pair on a trunk abdomen is shown.

  FIG. 47D particularly relates to right leg-trunk abdomen energization measurement. In order to apply the current I4, one current application electrode 10a of the current application electrode pair (as a foot electrode) is used for the sole of the right leg. The other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and the voltage measurement electrode pairs 11f and 11g and the voltage measurement electrode pairs 11e and 11g are used to measure the potential differences V4 and V4 ′. Are arranged on the trunk abdomen, and an electrode arrangement for measuring visceral adipose tissue is shown.

  FIG. 47E relates to left leg-trunk abdomen energization measurement for measuring potential difference V5, V5 ′ by applying current I5. FIG. 47D is symmetrical with respect to the electrode placement position. It is what.

  FIG. 47F relates to both leg-trunk abdomen energization measurement in which FIGS. 47D and 47E are combined. In order to apply the current I6, one current application electrode 10a of the current application electrode pair is set to the right (as a foot electrode). Provided on the sole of the leg, the other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), or one current application electrode 10b of the current application electrode pair (as a foot electrode) On the back side, the other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and in order to measure the potential difference V6, V6 ′, the voltage measurement electrode pair 11e, 11g and the voltage measurement electrode pair 11f, 11g Are arranged on the trunk abdomen, and an electrode arrangement for measuring visceral adipose tissue is shown.

  48G to 48I, one of the current application electrodes for energization is provided in the head ear part (as a clip electrode sandwiched between ear lobes or the like), and the other current application electrode is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis). An induction method of arranging one or a plurality of voltage measurement electrode pairs on the trunk abdomen or the like will be described.

  FIG. 48G particularly relates to the right ear-trunk abdomen energization measurement, and in order to apply the current I7, one current application electrode 10f of the current application electrode pair (on the right side as a clip electrode sandwiched between ear lobes) is shown. The other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and in order to measure the potential difference V7, the voltage measurement electrode pair 11e, 11f is provided on the trunk abdomen. The electrode arrangement | positioning which each arrange | positions and measures a visceral fat tissue is shown.

  48H relates to the left ear-trunk abdomen energization measurement for measuring the potential difference V8 by applying the current I8, and G in FIG. 48 is symmetrical with respect to the electrode arrangement position. It is a thing.

  FIG. 48I relates to right ear-trunk abdomen energization measurement by Organ's method combining G and H in FIG. 48, and applies current I7. The current application electrode 10f is provided on the right ear part (as a clip electrode sandwiched between ear lobes, etc.), the other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and potential differences V9, V9′V9. In order to measure '', V9 '' ', the voltage measurement electrode pairs 11e, 11d, and 11c and the voltage measurement electrode pairs 11f, 11d, and 11c are arranged on the trunk abdomen, and electrodes for measuring visceral adipose tissue Indicates placement.

  49J and 49K, one of the current application electrodes for energization is provided in the palm (as a grip electrode), and the other current application electrode is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis). An induction method is shown in which one is provided on a palm part (as a grip electrode) opposite to a current application electrode and the other is arranged on a trunk abdomen.

  FIG. 49J particularly relates to the measurement of the right arm-trunk abdomen energization by the method of Organ et al., In order to apply the current I1, one current application electrode 10d of the current application electrode pair (as a grip electrode). One voltage measurement common to each voltage measurement electrode pair is provided in the palm of the right hand, the other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and the potential differences V10 and V10 ′ are measured. The electrode 11c is provided on the palm part (as a grip electrode) opposite to the current application electrode 10d, and the other voltage measurement electrodes 11e and 11f of the two voltage measurement electrode pairs are respectively disposed on the trunk abdomen. The electrode arrangement | positioning which measures a visceral fat tissue is shown.

  FIG. 49K relates to the left arm-trunk abdomen energization measurement by the method of Organ et al. For measuring the potential difference V11, V11 ′ by applying the current I2, and FIG. Is symmetrical.

  50L and 50M, one of the current application electrodes for energization is provided on the sole (as a foot electrode), and the other current application electrode is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis). One of these is provided on the sole part (as a foot electrode) opposite to the current application electrode, and the other is arranged on the trunk abdomen.

  FIG. 50L particularly relates to right leg-trunk abdomen energization measurement by the method of Organ et al., In order to apply current I4, one current application electrode 10a of the current application electrode pair (as a foot electrode). ) Provided on the sole of the right leg, the other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and further, the potential difference V12, V12 ′ is measured. The voltage measurement electrode 11a is provided on the sole part (as a foot electrode) opposite to the current application electrode 10a, and the other voltage measurement electrode 11e, 11f of the two voltage measurement electrode pairs is provided on the trunk abdomen. The electrode arrangement | positioning which each arrange | positions and measures a visceral fat tissue is shown.

  FIG. 50M relates to the left leg-trunk abdomen energization measurement by the method of Organ et al. For measuring the potential differences V13 and V13 ′ by applying the current I5, and FIG. Are arranged symmetrically.

  51N to 51R, one of the current application electrodes for energization is provided in any one of the limbs (and the head), and the other current application electrode is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis). An induction method is shown in which one of the voltage measurement electrode pairs is provided on the left and right limbs that are opposite to the limb current application electrodes, and the other is disposed on either the left or right of the two opposite limbs that are not provided with the current application electrodes.

  FIG. 51N relates in particular to the measurement of right arm-trunk abdomen energization by the method of Organ et al., In order to apply current I1, one current application electrode 10d of the current application electrode pair (as a grip electrode). Provided on the palm of the right hand, the other current application electrodes 10e (left side) and 10f (right side) are provided on the left and right sides centered on the umbilicus A, and further, the potential difference V14 is measured. One voltage measurement electrode 11c is provided on the palm portion (as a grip electrode) opposite to the current application electrode 10d, and the other voltage measurement electrode 11a, 11b of the two voltage measurement electrode pairs is provided on the legs of the left and right legs. An electrode arrangement for measuring visceral adipose tissue is shown on the back (as a foot electrode).

  FIG. 51O relates to the left arm-trunk abdomen energization measurement by the method of Organ et al. For measuring the potential difference V15, V15 ′ by applying the current I2, and FIG. The arrangement position is symmetrical.

  FIG. 51P relates to the right ear-trunk abdomen energization measurement by the method of Organ et al., In order to apply the current I7, one current application electrode 10h (left side) or 10g (right side) of the current application electrode pair. ) (As clip electrodes sandwiched between ear lobes, etc.) at the left and right head ears, and the other current application electrode 10f (left side) or 10c (right side) is placed inside the trunk abdomen (tendon). Further, in order to measure the potential difference V16, 16 ′, one voltage measurement electrode 11d of one voltage measurement electrode pair is placed on the palm of the right hand, and the other voltage measurement electrode 11b is placed on the left leg or the right leg. The other voltage measurement electrode 11c is disposed on the palm of the left hand and the other voltage measurement electrode 11a is disposed on the left or right leg sole. Electrode arrangement to measure visceral adipose tissue It is.

  FIG. 51Q relates to right leg-trunk abdomen energization measurement by the method of Organ et al., And in order to apply the current I4, one current application electrode 10a of the current application electrode pair is set to the right (as a foot electrode). Provided on the soles of the legs, the other current application electrodes 10e and 10f are provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and further, one voltage measurement electrode 11a common to each voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring V17. Is provided on the sole of the left leg (as a foot electrode), and the other voltage measurement electrodes 11c and 11d of the two voltage measurement electrode pairs are arranged on the palms of the left and right hands, respectively. The electrode arrangement to be measured is shown.

  FIG. 51R relates to left leg-trunk abdomen energization measurement by the method of Organ et al. For measuring the potential difference V18, V18 ′ by applying the current I5, and FIG. 49N is an electrode arrangement. The position is symmetrical.

  52 and 53 are diagrams showing a specific electrode arrangement example of the arrangement method described above for measuring visceral adipose tissue by the same method as in FIG. 15 and the like.

  In FIG. 52, in order to apply the current I, one current applying electrode 10e of the current applying electrode pair is provided on the right aponeurosis 15R around the umbilicus A, and the other current applying electrode 10c is sufficiently separated from the trunk. In order to measure the potential difference V, V ′, one voltage measurement electrode 11c common to each voltage measurement electrode pair is connected to the other current application electrode. 10c may be provided on the left upper limb side, for example, on the palm of the hand of the left arm, or one voltage measurement electrode 11e may be provided on the right aponeurosis 15R sufficiently away from the current application electrode 10e, The voltage measurement electrode 11f is placed close to the current application electrode 10e, and the other voltage measurement electrode 11g is placed on the left aponeurosis 15L of the trunk around the umbilicus A, respectively. Indicates the electrode arrangement to be measured

  Further, in FIG. 53, in order to apply the current I, one current application electrode 10e of the current application electrode pair is provided on the right aponeurosis 15R of the trunk, and the other current application electrode 10a is sufficiently separated from the trunk. For example, one voltage measurement electrode 11a common to each voltage measurement electrode pair is placed on the foot side of the right leg, and the left lower limb facing the other current application electrode 10a. For example, the voltage measurement electrode 11f is provided on the right aponeurosis 15R around the umbilicus A sufficiently away from the current application electrode 10e, or the other voltage measurement. The electrode 11e may be arranged close to the current application electrode 10e, and may be further provided. In order to measure the potential difference V ′, one voltage measurement electrode 11e of the voltage measurement electrode pair is placed close to the current application electrode 10e. Install the other power The measurement electrode 11g, the left aponeurosis 15L of the trunk around the navel A, arranged respectively show an electrode arrangement for measuring the visceral fat tissue.

  Furthermore, with reference to FIGS. 54 to 59, a guidance method for measuring an adipose tissue, in particular, a subcutaneous adipose tissue layer, by the combination electrode arrangement of the extremities and the trunk will be described.

  54S to 54U, one of the current application electrodes for energization (grip electrode) is provided in the palm, the other current application electrode is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and the other two voltage measurement electrode pairs are provided. The guidance method arrange | positioned on a trunk abdomen is shown.

  FIG. 54S particularly relates to the right arm-trunk abdomen energization measurement. In order to apply the currents I1a and I1b, one current application electrode 10d of the current application electrode pair (as the grip electrode 14b) is placed in the palm of the right hand. The other current application electrodes 10e (right side) and 10f (left side) are for the abdomen and are provided on the left and right sides of the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis) centered on the left and right sides. In order to measure V1 and V1 ′, one voltage measurement electrode 11e common to each of the voltage measurement electrode pairs is separated from the current application electrodes 10e and 10f on the trunk abdomen and provided on the trunk abdomen. The other voltage measurement electrodes 11f (right side) and 11g (left side) are arranged close to the current application electrodes 10e and 10f, respectively, and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer or the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and the visceral fat tissue are selectively used. It shows an electrode arrangement for measuring.

  FIG. 54T relates to left arm-trunk abdomen energization measurement for measuring the potential differences V2a, V2a ′ by applying the currents I2a, I2b, and FIG. It is a thing.

  FIG. 54U relates to both arm-trunk abdomen energization measurement. In order to apply currents I3a and I3b, one current application electrode 10d and 10c of the current application electrode pair is short-circuited and 10d is connected. Provided in the palm of the right hand (as the grip electrode 14b) and 10c (as the grip electrode 14a) in the palm of the left hand, and the other current application electrode 10f corresponding to this is for the abdomen (in the aponeurosis) Upper) provided on the left side centered on the umbilicus A, and the other current application electrode 10e corresponding to this is provided on the right side centered on the umbilicus A in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis) for the abdomen. , V3b and V3b ′ are measured, one voltage measurement electrode 11e common to each voltage measurement electrode pair is separated from the current application electrodes 10e and 10f on the trunk abdomen, and is provided between the two voltage measurement electrode pairs. The other voltage measurement electrodes 11f (right side) and 11g (left side) are arranged close to the current application electrodes 10e and 10f, respectively, and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer or the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and the visceral fat tissue are selected. The electrode arrangement to be measured is shown.

In FIG. 55, one of the current application electrodes for energization is provided on the sole (as a foot electrode), the other current application electrode is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and the other two voltage measurement electrode pairs are provided. The guidance method arrange | positioned on a trunk abdomen is shown.
FIG. 55 particularly relates to right leg-trunk abdomen energization measurement, and in order to apply currents I4a and I4b, one current application electrode 10a common to each of the current application electrode pairs is connected to the sole of the right leg. The other current application electrode 10e (right side) and 10f (left side) are provided on the left and right sides of the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis) centered on the left and right sides, and V4a In order to measure the voltage measurement electrode, one voltage measurement electrode 11e of the voltage measurement electrode pair is provided on the trunk abdomen sufficiently separated from the current application electrodes 10e and 10f, and the other voltage measurement electrode 11f is placed close to the current application electrode 10e. In order to measure V4b on the right side, one voltage measurement electrode 11e of the voltage measurement electrode pair is provided on the trunk abdomen so as to be separated from the current application electrodes 10e and 10f, and the other voltage measurement electrode 11g is Applied electrode In order to measure V4c on the left side close to 0e, one voltage measurement electrode 11e of the voltage measurement electrode pair is separated from the current application electrodes 10e and 10f and provided on the trunk abdomen, and the other voltage measurement The electrode 11h is placed close to the current application electrode 10f on the right side, and in order to measure V4d again, one voltage measurement electrode 11e of the voltage measurement electrode pair is separated from the current application electrodes 10e and 10f, and the trunk abdomen. The other voltage measurement electrode 11i is provided on the left side of the current application electrode 10f in the vicinity thereof, and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer or the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and the visceral fat tissue are selectively measured. An electrode arrangement is shown.

In FIG. 56, one of the current application electrodes for energization is provided in the palm (as a grip electrode), the other current application electrode is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and one of the two voltage measurement electrode pairs is provided. An induction method is shown in which the palm part (as a grip electrode) opposite to the current application electrode is provided on the left and right, and the other is placed on the trunk abdomen.
FIG. 56 particularly relates to the right arm-trunk abdomen energization measurement by the method of Organ et al., In order to apply the current I1, so that one current application electrode 10d of the current application electrode pair (as a grip electrode) is used. One voltage measurement common to each voltage measurement electrode pair is provided in the palm of the right hand, the other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and the potential differences V5 and V5 'are measured. The electrode 11c is provided on the palm of the left hand opposite to the current application electrode 10d (as a grip electrode), and the other is placed on the left and right sides of the trunk abdomen in close proximity to the current application electrode 10e. The electrode arrangement | positioning which selectively measures a tissue layer or a subcutaneous fat tissue layer and a visceral fat tissue is shown.

In FIG. 57, one of the current application electrodes for energization is provided on the sole (as a foot electrode) and the other current application electrode is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis). Is provided on the sole (left and right) opposite to the current application electrode, and the other is placed on the trunk abdomen.
FIG. 57 particularly relates to the right leg-trunk abdomen energization measurement by the method of Organ et al., And in order to apply the current I4, one current application electrode 10a of the current application electrode pair is used as a foot electrode. ) Provided on the sole of the right leg, the other current application electrode 10e is provided in the trunk abdomen (on the aponeurosis), and further, the potential difference V6, V6 ′ is measured. The voltage measurement electrode 11a is provided on the sole (left and right) opposite to the current application electrode 10a (as a foot electrode), and the other voltage measurement electrodes 11f and 11e are placed close to the current application electrode 10e to An electrode arrangement for selectively measuring the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer or the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer and the visceral adipose tissue is shown on each of the left and right sides.

  58 and 59 show specific examples of electrode arrangement of the above-described arrangement method for selectively measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer or the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and the visceral adipose tissue, as shown in FIG. It is the figure shown by the same method.

  58, in order to apply the current I, one current application electrode 10e of the current application electrode pair is provided on the right aponeurosis 15R around the umbilicus A, and the other current application electrode 10c is sufficiently separated from the trunk. In order to measure the potential difference V, V ′, one voltage measurement electrode 11c common to each voltage measurement electrode pair is connected to the other current application electrode. 10c may be provided on the left upper limb side opposite to the left and right sides, for example, on the palm of the hand of the left arm, or one voltage measurement electrode 11e may be provided on the right aponeurosis 15R sufficiently separated from the current application electrode 10e. The other voltage measurement electrode 11f is disposed on the right side of the current application electrode 10e, and the other voltage measurement electrode 11g is disposed on the left side of the current application electrode 10e. Organizational layer or Showing a selectively electrode arrangement for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and visceral adipose tissue.

  Further, in FIG. 59, in order to apply the current I, one current application electrode 10e of the current application electrode pair is provided on the right aponeurosis 15R of the trunk, and the other current application electrode 10a is sufficiently separated from the trunk. For example, in order to measure the potential difference V, V ′, one voltage measurement electrode 11a common to each voltage measurement electrode pair is connected to the other current application electrode 10a on the left and right sides. It is provided on the opposite left lower limb side, for example, on the sole of the left leg, or one voltage measurement electrode 11e may be disposed on the right aponeurosis 15R sufficiently away from the current application electrode 10e. The voltage measurement electrode 11f is arranged close to the current applying electrode 10e on the right aponeurosis 15R around the umbilicus A, and the other voltage measurement electrode 11g is arranged on the right aponeurosis 15R around the umbilicus A. Close to the current application electrode 10e Respectively placed, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, or show a selective electrode arrangement for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and visceral adipose tissue.

  Finally, referring to the main flowchart shown in FIG. 60 and the subroutine flowcharts shown in FIGS. 61 to 68, an example of the operation and operation of the trunk visceral fat measuring device in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. Will be explained.

  In the main flowchart shown in FIG. 60, when a power switch (not shown) in the input unit 5a is turned on, power is supplied from the power supply unit 1 to each part of the electrical system, and the height and the like are displayed by the display unit 5b. A screen for inputting body specifying information (height, weight, sex, age, etc.) is displayed (step S1).

  Subsequently, according to this screen, the user inputs height, weight, sex, age, and the like from the input unit 5a (step S2). In this case, the body weight is measured by the body weight measurement unit 2 with respect to the voltage based on the body eye identification information (weight), and the body weight identification information (body weight) is calculated by the calculation / control unit 7. Good. These input values are stored in the storage unit 4.

  Next, in step S3, it is determined whether or not morphological measurement actual values such as limb length, trunk length, and abdominal girth length are input. If these morphometric actual measurement values are input, in step S4, Morphological measurement is performed, and measured values such as limb length (upper limb length, lower limb length), trunk length (mid-trunk length), abdominal circumference length are input from the input unit 5a, and the process proceeds to step S6. If it is determined in step S3 that the morphometric measurement actual value is not input, the process proceeds to step S5. These input values are also stored in the storage unit 4. Similarly, numerical information obtained in the following processing is stored in the storage unit 4.

  In step S5, the calculation / control unit 7 estimates the upper limb length, the lower limb length, the trunk middle length, the abdominal circumference length, and the like from the body specifying information such as height, weight, sex, and age stored in the storage unit 4. Morphological measurement information estimation processing (for example, using a calibration curve created from a human body information database) is performed.

  Subsequently, in step S6, the limb and trunk impedance measurement processing is performed by the part impedance measuring unit 3. The limb and trunk impedance measurement processing will be described later with reference to the subroutine flowcharts shown in FIGS. 64 and 67.

Next, in step S7, the calculation / control section 7 performs calculation processing of body composition information (body fat percentage, etc.). According to this calculation processing, for example, the length Lu of the upper limb stored in the storage unit 4, the impedance value Zu of the upper limb, the length Ll of the lower limb, the impedance value Zl of the lower limb, the trunk length Ltm, Using the impedance Ztm of the entire trunk, the body fat percentage% Fat is obtained by the following calculation formula.
% Fat = a * Lu ² / Zu + b * Ll ² / Zl + c * Ltm ² / Ztm + d
Here, a, b, c, and d are constants.

  Next, in step S8, the calculation and control unit 7 performs limb skeletal muscle mass estimation processing. In this limb skeletal muscle mass estimation process, the lower limb skeletal muscle mass is calculated according to the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equation 2, and the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described numerical values are also calculated. In this process, the upper limb skeletal muscle mass is calculated according to Equation 3.

  Next, in step S <b> 9, the computation / control section 7 performs mid-trunk skeletal muscle mass estimation processing. This estimation process of the middle trunk skeletal muscle mass is stored in the storage unit 4, the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4, the lower limb skeletal muscle amount and the upper limb skeletal muscle amount obtained in step S 8, and Based on Formula 1 or Formula 4 or Formula 5, Formula 5, Formula 5-1, and Formula 5-2, the mid-trunk skeletal muscle mass is calculated.

  Next, in step S10, the computation / control section 7 performs mid-trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance estimation processing. This estimation process is performed by using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the mid-trunk skeleton tissue amount obtained in step 9 and the above-described equations 19-1, 19-2, 20, and 21. Middle skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance is calculated.

  In step S11, the computation / control section 7 performs an estimation process of the subcutaneous fat tissue volume and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance. Step 11 will be described in detail later with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  In step S12, the calculation / control unit 7 performs an estimation process of the internal organ tissue amount and the internal organ tissue impedance. Step 12 will be described in detail later with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  In step S13, the computation / control section 7 performs a visceral fat tissue impedance and visceral fat tissue amount estimation process. Step 13 will be described in detail later with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  Next, in step S14, the calculation / control section 7 performs a calculation process of the visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio. This calculation process calculates the trunk abdominal adipose tissue amount according to the above-described equation 29 stored in the storage unit 4 using the subcutaneous fat tissue amount and the visceral adipose tissue amount stored in the storage unit 4. The visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio is calculated according to the above-described equation 30 stored in the above.

Next, in step S15, the calculation / control section 7 performs a visceral fat rate calculation process. In this calculation process, the trunk visceral fat percentage VFat is calculated from the body fat percentage% Fat, the visceral fat tissue V, and the subcutaneous fat tissue S calculated by the calculation process described above and stored in the storage unit 4 by the following formula. Is.
% VFat =% Fat * (V / S) / [(V / S) +1]

  Next, in step S16, the calculation and control unit 7 displays the visceral adipose tissue information, body composition information obtained by the calculation process as described above, advice guidelines and the like obtained by the process described later, A display process such as that displayed in 5b is performed. Thereby, a series of processes is completed (step S17).

  Next, the subcutaneous fat tissue volume and subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance estimation processing in step S11 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue is calculated by using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equations 22-1 and 22-2 in step S18, and in step S19, the storage unit 4 The subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance is calculated using the numerical values and the subcutaneous fat tissue amount stored in the above, and the equations 23-1, 23-2, and 24 described above.

  Next, the internal organ tissue quantity and internal organ tissue impedance estimation processing in step S12 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, the internal organ tissue amount is calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described formulas 13-1 and 13-2 in step S20, and stored in the storage unit 4 in step S21. The internal organ tissue impedance is calculated using the numerical values obtained and the above-described formulas 14-1, 14-2, 15, 15, 16, 17-1, and 17-2.

  Next, the visceral adipose tissue impedance and visceral adipose tissue amount estimation processing in step S13 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, in step S22, the visceral fat tissue impedance is calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equations 6 to 12, equation 16, equation 17, equation 21, and equation 24, and step S23. , The amount of visceral fat tissue calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the calculated visceral adipose tissue impedance and the above-described Equation 25, Equation 26, Equation 27, Equation 28-1, and Equation 28-2 It is.

  Next, the limb and trunk impedance measurement processing in step S6 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. 64 showing the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, the above-mentioned 10. As described in (28) and (29), the “removal effect removal process due to respiration” and the “abnormal value determination process by eating and drinking and water retention (urine etc.) in the bladder, etc.” are performed. First, in step S24, the calculation / control section 7 performs initial setting of various memory counter numbers and flag F of measurement data of impedance Ztm of the trunk abdomen (middle part) based on an instruction from the input unit 5a or the like.

Subsequently, in step S25, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not it is a measurement timing. If it is determined as the measurement timing, in step S26, the calculation / control section 7 performs a trunk core impedance (Ztm) measurement electrode arrangement setting process, and performs a trunk core impedance (Ztmx) measurement process. In this case, the calculation / control section 7 selects one of the electrode arrangements as described with reference to FIG.
Next, in step S27, it is determined whether F is “0” or the previous measurement upper limb. If not, the process proceeds to step S28, where the arithmetic and control unit 7 Upper limb impedance (Zu) measurement electrode arrangement setting processing is performed, and upper limb impedance (Zux) measurement processing is performed. In step S29, F "" 0 "" is set.

  In step S27, when F is “0” and it is determined that the previous measurement upper limb, in step S32, the calculation / control unit 7 performs a lower limb impedance (Zl) measurement electrode arrangement setting process. Lower limb impedance (Zlx) measurement processing is performed, and F is set to “1” in step S31. Such operations from step S25 to step S31 are repeated.

  When it is determined in step S25 that it is not the measurement timing, the process proceeds to step S32, and measurement impedance (Zx) data smoothing processing (moving average processing or the like) is performed. Then, in step 33, trunk trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction processing is performed. This correction process will be described later with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG.

  Subsequently, in step S34, the calculation / control section 7 performs time-series stability confirmation processing of measurement impedance for each part. This is performed by determining whether each value after the mid-trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process in step S33 has converged to a value within a predetermined fluctuation a predetermined number of times. In step S35, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not each of the measured Zlx, Zux, and Ztmx satisfies the stability condition. This determination is such that it is determined that the respiration median value is determined when the respiration median value for each respiration cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times. If it is determined in step S35 that the stability condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S36, where the determined median impedance value is set as the trunk abdominal impedance value, and the final stable condition determination value is the measured value. The result value is registered in the storage unit 4 and the measurement is completed. If it is determined in step S35 that the stability condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step S25 and the same processing is repeated.

  Subsequent to step S36, in step S37, the computation / control section 7 performs an abnormal value determination process based on eating and drinking and urinary bladder retention. This abnormal value determination processing will be described later with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG.

Next, the mid-trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process in step S33 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. First, in step S38, an inflection point detection process is performed from the time series data processed in step S33. In step S39, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not it is an inflection point. This is performed by detecting data of polarity change positions of the front and rear derivatives or difference values. When it is determined in step S39 that the point is an inflection point, the process proceeds to step S40, and it is determined whether or not the maximum value is reached. This is a step of distributing the maximum value and the minimum value. If it is not the maximum value, the minimum value determination data moving average process is performed in step S41 using the following equation stored in the storage unit 4.
[Ztm] min _x ← ([Ztm] min _x-1 + [Ztm] min _x ) / 2

If the maximum value is determined in step S40, the maximum value determination data moving averaging process is performed in step S42 using the following equation stored in the storage unit 4.
[Ztm] max _x ← ([Ztm] max _x-1 + [Ztm] max _x ) / 2

Subsequently, in step S43, it is determined whether the maximum value and minimum value data for one respiratory cycle have been secured. If it is determined in step S43 that the data has been secured, in step S44, the following formula stored in the storage unit 4 is used to calculate the respiratory fluctuation median value (the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value data). Operation).
Ztm _x ← ([Ztm] max _x + [Ztm] min _x ) / 2
If it is determined in step S39 that the point is not an inflection point, the process proceeds to return. If it is determined in step 43 that the maximum value and minimum value data for one breathing cycle are not secured, the process proceeds to return. become.

Next, the abnormal value determination processing based on eating and drinking and urinary bladder retention in step S37 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. First, in step S45, the calculation / control section 7 checks whether the mid-trunk impedance (Ztm) is within the normal allowable range using the following formula stored in the storage section 4.
Mean-3SD ≦ Ztm ≦ Mean + 3SD
Here, as an example of an allowable value, 26.7 ± 14.4 (Mean ± 3SD) is conceivable with respect to 26.7 ± 4.8 (Mean ± SD).

  In step S46, it is determined whether the trunk core impedance is within an allowable range. When it is determined that the value is not within the allowable range, the process proceeds to step S47, where the arithmetic and control unit 7 performs message notification and buzzer notification processing regarding the middle trunk (abdomen) condition abnormality, and the display unit 5b Display of a proper advice and generation of a buzzer sound in the buzzer notification unit 15. As this advice, for example, a message “perform preparatory processing such as defecation and urination for abnormal trunk condition”, a notification of “pip, beep, beep” and the like is given. Further, when the same determination result is obtained after the preparation process, the measurement can be completed using the abnormal value, and the measurement can be stopped.

  If it is determined within the allowable range in step S46, in step S48, the calculation and control unit 7 performs message notification and buzzer notification processing regarding normal condition of the middle trunk (abdomen) condition, and appropriate advice in the display unit 5b. Is displayed and the buzzer notification unit 15 generates a buzzer sound. As this advice, for example, a display of “normal torso condition”, notification of “beep” sound, etc. is made.

Next, the limb and trunk impedance measurement processing in step S6 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. 67 showing the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the above 10. As described in (28) and (30), the “removal effect removal process due to respiration” and the “abnormality determination process of abdominal organ tissue, etc.” are performed. First, in step S49, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not it is a measurement timing. If it is determined as the measurement timing, as part of trunk measurement, in step S50, the computation / control section 7 performs trunk trunk impedance (Ztmrr) measurement electrode arrangement setting processing (right arm-right leg energization). ) (See (A) of FIG. 3) to perform mid-trunk impedance (Ztmrr _x ) measurement processing. Next, in step S51, the computation / control section 7 performs a mid-trunk impedance (Ztml) measurement electrode arrangement setting process (left arm-left leg energization) (see FIG. 3B), and the mid-trunk impedance. perform (Ztmll _x) measurement process. Next, in step S52, the computation / control section 7 performs a mid-trunk impedance (Ztmrl) measurement electrode arrangement setting process (right arm-left leg energization) (see (C) in FIG. 3), and the mid-trunk impedance. (Ztmrl _x ) Measurement processing is performed. Next, in step S53, the computation / control section 7 performs a mid-trunk impedance (Ztmlr) measurement electrode arrangement setting process (left arm-right leg energization) (see FIG. 3D), and the mid-trunk impedance. (Ztmlr _x ) Measurement processing is performed. The calculation / control section 7 performs such a measurement operation until a predetermined number of samples are obtained.

If it is determined in step S49 that the measurement timing is not reached, the process proceeds to step S54, and measurement impedance (Zx) data smoothing processing (moving average processing, etc.) is performed (central trunk: Ztmrr _x , Ztmll _x , Ztmrl _x , Ztmlr _x ). Then, in step 55, a trunk trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process is performed for each guidance method. The correction process for each guidance method is the same as that described above with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG.

  Subsequently, in step S56, the computation / control section 7 performs a time series stability confirmation process of the measured impedance for each induction method. This is performed by determining whether each value after the mid-trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process for each guidance method in step S55 has converged to a value within a predetermined fluctuation a predetermined number of times. In step S57, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not each of the measured Ztmx satisfies the stability condition. This determination is such that it is determined that the respiration median value is determined when the respiration median value for each respiration cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times. If it is determined in step S57 that the stability condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step 49 to repeat the same measurement operation and processing.

  If it is determined in step S57 that the stability condition has been satisfied, the process proceeds to step S58 to perform an abnormality determination process for the trunk abdominal organ tissue and the like. This determination process will be described later with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG.

Subsequently, in step S59, the calculation / control section 7 stores and registers the final stability condition determination value in the measurement of the trunk core impedance in the storage section 4 as the measurement result value (Ztm ← Ztmlr _x ). Here, Ztmlr (left arm-right leg conduction impedance) is adopted from the four trunk impedances.

  Next, the calculation / control section 7 proceeds to step 60 to measure the extremities, and determines whether it is a measurement timing. Here, when it is determined as the measurement timing, in step S61, the calculation and control unit 7 performs the lower limb impedance (Zl) measurement electrode arrangement setting process, performs the lower limb impedance (Zlx) measurement process, In S62, an upper limb impedance (Zu) measurement electrode arrangement setting process is performed, and an upper limb impedance (Zux) measurement process is performed. Then, the calculation / control section 7 repeatedly performs such a measurement operation.

In step S60, if it is determined not to be measured timing, in step S63, the arithmetic and control unit 7, the measurement impedance (Zx) data smoothing process (the moving average processing or the like) performing (upper limb: Zu _x, leg Part Zl _x ). Then, in step 64, the calculation / control section 7 performs time-series stability confirmation processing of the measured impedance for each part. This is performed by determining whether or not each value after the processing of step S64 has converged to a value within a predetermined variation for a predetermined number of times. In step S65, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not each of the measured Zl _x and Zu _x satisfies the stability condition. This determination is such that it is determined that the respiration median value is determined when the respiration median value for each respiration cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times. If it is determined in step S65 that the stability condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step 60 and the same measurement operation and processing are repeated.

If it is determined in step S65 that the stability condition is satisfied, in step S66, the final stability condition determination value in the measurement of limb impedance is stored and registered in the storage unit 4 as a measurement result value (Zl ← Zl). _x , Zu ← Zu _x ).

  Next, the trunk abdominal internal organ abnormality determination process in step S58 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. First, in step S67, the calculation / control section 7 checks whether the relationship between the trunk core impedances (Ztm) by the respective induction methods satisfies the normal balance condition. 10 above. As described in (30) and (d), the normal condition is a relationship of Ztmlr≈Ztmll <Ztmrr≈Ztmrl.

If it is determined in step S68 that the normal condition is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step S69, and in step 70, it is determined whether or not the following expression is satisfied.
Ztmlr ≒ Ztmll and Ztmrr ≒ Ztmrl
If it is determined that this condition is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step S71, and in step S72, it is determined whether or not the following expression is satisfied.
Ztmrl <Ztmrr
If this condition is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step S73, and it is determined in step S74 whether the following expression is satisfied.
Ztmrl> Ztmrl
If this condition is not satisfied, it is determined that there is an abnormal balance in the upper left tissue of the middle trunk (abdomen), and in step S75, the computation / control section 7 sends a message regarding the middle trunk (abdomen) condition abnormality A notification process is performed, and appropriate advice is displayed on the display unit 5b. As this advice, for example, notification such as “abnormal upper left trunk condition” can be considered.

  In step S74, when it is determined that the condition is satisfied, it is determined that there is an abnormal balance in the lower right tissue of the middle trunk (abdomen), and in step S76, the calculation and control unit 7 A message notification process related to an abnormal condition of the middle trunk (abdomen) condition is performed, and appropriate advice is displayed on the display unit 5b. As this advice, for example, notification such as “abnormal lower right trunk condition” may be considered.

  If it is determined in step S72 that the condition is satisfied, it is determined that there is an abnormal balance in the lower left tissue of the middle trunk (abdomen), and in step S77, the calculation / control unit 7 A message notification process related to an abnormal condition of the middle trunk (abdomen) condition is performed, and appropriate advice is displayed on the display unit 5b. As this advice, for example, notification such as “abnormality of lower left trunk condition” can be considered.

  If it is determined in step S70 that the condition is satisfied, it is determined that there is an abnormal balance in the upper right tissue of the middle trunk (abdomen), and in step S78, the calculation and control unit 7 A message notification process related to an abnormal condition of the middle trunk (abdomen) condition is performed, and appropriate advice is displayed on the display unit 5b. As this advice, for example, a notification such as “abnormal upper right trunk condition” can be considered.

  In this way, the calculation / control section 7 performs message notification and buzzer notification processing relating to the middle trunk (abdomen) condition abnormality in step S79. For example, a message such as “Perform preparatory processing such as defecation and urination when the trunk condition is abnormal” is displayed on the display unit 5 b, and a buzzer sound “beep” is generated in the buzzer notification unit 15. Further, when the same determination result is obtained after the preparation process, the measurement can be completed using the abnormal value, and the measurement can be stopped.

  In step S68, when it is determined that the condition is satisfied, in step S80, the calculation / control unit 7 performs message notification and buzzer notification processing regarding the middle trunk (abdomen) condition normality, and the display unit In 5b, an appropriate advice is displayed, and the buzzer notification unit 15 generates a buzzer sound. As this advice, for example, the display of “normal trunk condition”, notification of “beep” sound, etc. are made.

<Measurement of subcutaneous fat>
Next, with reference to the basic flowchart shown in FIG. 69 and the subroutine flowcharts shown in FIGS. 70 to 72 and FIGS. 64 and 65, the operation for measuring the subcutaneous fat tissue layer will be mainly described.

  In the basic flowchart shown in FIG. 69, when a power switch (not shown) in the display / input unit 5 is turned on, power is supplied from the power supply unit 1 to each part of the electrical system, and the height is displayed by the display unit 5b. A screen for inputting body specifying information (height, weight, gender, age, etc.) including the like is displayed (step S81).

  Subsequently, according to this screen, the user inputs height, weight, sex, age, and the like from the display / input unit 5 (step S82). In this case, the weight may be input from the display / input unit 5, but the data measured by the weight measurement unit 2 is automatically input, and the body identification information (weight) is calculated by the calculation / control unit 7. ) May be calculated. These input values are stored in the storage unit 4.

  Next, in step S83, it is determined whether or not morphometric measurement actual values such as trunk length and abdominal circumference length are input. If these morphometric measurement actual values are input, morphometric measurement is performed in step S84. The actual values such as the trunk length and the abdominal circumference are input from the display / input unit 5 and the process proceeds to step S86. If it is determined in step S83 that the morphometric measurement actual value is not input, the process proceeds to step S85. These input values are also stored in the storage unit 4. Similarly, numerical information obtained in the following processing is stored in the storage unit 4.

  In step S85, the computation / control section 7 estimates the trunk (part) length, abdominal circumference length, and the like from the body specifying information such as height, weight, sex, and age stored in the storage section 4. Processing (for example, using a calibration curve created from a human body information database) is performed.

  Subsequently, in step S86, trunk impedance measurement processing is performed by the impedance measurement unit. The trunk impedance measurement process will be described later with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  Next, in step S87, the computation / control section 7 performs a trunk skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area amount (AMM) estimation process. This calculation process is performed based on the above-described equation 32 using, for example, the height H, the weight W, and the age Age stored in the storage unit 4.

  Next, in step S88, the computation / control section 7 performs trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance (ZMM) estimation processing. This ZMM is performed based on the above-described equation 33 using the height H stored in the storage unit 4 and the AMM obtained in step S87.

  Next, in step 89, the calculation and control unit 7 performs an estimation process of the subcutaneous fat tissue mass (AFS). This estimation process can be calculated by the above-described Expression 45.

  In step S90, the calculation and control unit 7 performs an estimation process of the internal organ tissue amount (AVM) and the internal organ tissue impedance (ZVM). Step 90 will be described in detail later with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  In step S91, the calculation / control section 7 performs a visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV) and visceral fat tissue volume (AFV) estimation process. Step 91 will be described later in detail with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  Next, in step S92, the calculation / control section 7 performs calculation processing of the visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio (V / S). This process is performed according to the above-described equation 42 stored in the storage unit 4.

Next, in step S93, the computation and control unit 7 performs a computation process of a physique index (BMI). This calculation process can be calculated from the weight W and the height H stored in the storage unit 4 by the following formula.
BMI = W / H ²

Further, in step S94, the calculation / control section 7 performs a calculation process of the trunk body fat percentage (% Fatt). This calculation processing is performed from the subcutaneous fat tissue volume (AFS), the visceral fat tissue volume (AFV), the trunk skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area volume (AMM), and the internal organ tissue volume (AVM) stored in the storage unit 4. It is calculated by the following formula.
% Fatt = (AFS + AFV) / [(AFS + AFV) + AMM + AVM] * 100

Next, in step S95, the calculation / control section 7 performs a calculation process of the visceral fat rate (% VFat). This processing is performed by the following equation from the trunk body fat percentage (% Fatt) and the visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio (V / S) calculated by the above-described arithmetic processing and stored in the storage unit 4.
% VFat =% Fatt * (V / S) / [(V / S) +1]

  Finally, in step S96, the calculation / control unit 7 calculates the visceral fat tissue information (AFV,% VFat), body composition information (% Fatt, AMM, AFS, AVM) obtained by the calculation process as described above, A display process is performed to display the physique index (BMI), advice guidelines obtained by the process described later, and the like on the display unit 5b. As a result, the series of processing ends (step S97).

  Next, the internal organ tissue quantity (AVM) and internal organ tissue impedance (ZVM) estimation processing in step S90 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, the internal organ tissue amount (AVM) is calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equation 40 in step S98, and the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 in step S19. And using equation 41 above.

  Next, the visceral adipose tissue impedance (ZFV) and visceral adipose tissue volume (AFV) estimation processing in step S91 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, the visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV) is calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equation 36 in step S100, and the height H stored in the storage unit 4 in step S101. And the visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV) and the above-described equation 39 are used to calculate the visceral fat tissue mass (AFV).

  Next, the trunk impedance measurement process in step S86 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. 72 showing the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, the above-mentioned 10. As described in (28) and (29), the “removal effect removal process due to respiration” and the “abnormal value determination process by eating and drinking and water retention (urine etc.) in the bladder, etc.” are performed. First, in step S102, the calculation / control unit 7 performs initial setting of the number of samples of measurement data of the impedance Ztm of the initial setting trunk such as a counter based on an instruction from the display / input unit 5 or the like.

Subsequently, in step S103, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not it is a measurement timing. If it is determined as the measurement timing, in step S104, the calculation / control unit 7 performs a trunk impedance (Ztm) measurement electrode arrangement setting process, and performs a trunk impedance (Ztm _x ) measurement process. Further, in step 105, subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (ZFS) measurement electrode arrangement setting processing and subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (ZFSx) measurement processing are performed, and the processing returns to step 103.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S103 that it is not the measurement timing, the process proceeds to step S106, and the measured impedance (Zx) data for the trunk impedance (Ztm _x ) and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (ZFS _x ). Smoothing processing (moving average processing or the like), that is, Z _x = (Z _x-1 + Z _x ) / 2 is performed. Then, in step 107, trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction processing is performed. This correction processing is the same as that described with reference to FIG. It should be noted that the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (ZFS _x ) is not affected by respiratory fluctuations, and thus correction processing is not performed like the trunk impedance.

Subsequently, in step S108, the calculation / control unit 7 performs time-series stability confirmation processing of the measured impedance for each part. This is performed by determining whether or not each value after the trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process in step S107 has converged to a value within a predetermined fluctuation a predetermined number of times. In step S109, the arithmetic and control unit 7, the measured Ztm _x and ZFS _x is to determine whether to satisfy the stability condition. This determination is such that it is determined that the respiration median value is determined when the respiration median value for each respiration cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times. If it is determined in step S109 that the stability condition has been satisfied, the process proceeds to step S110, where the determined median impedance value is set as the trunk trunk impedance value or the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance value, and finally stabilized. The condition determination value is registered in the storage unit 4 as a measurement value result value. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S109 that the stability condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step S103 and the same processing is repeated.

  Subsequent to step S110, in step S111, the calculation / control section 7 performs an abnormal value determination process such as eating and drinking and urinary bladder retention, and in step S112, the notification buzzer 15 indicates the completion of the measurement (see FIG. 2). Using a buzzer or the like to notify the user, the measurement is completed. The abnormal value determination process in step 111 is as shown in the subroutine flowchart of FIG.

<Measurement of visceral adipose tissue using aponeurosis>
Finally, the operation for measuring visceral adipose tissue and the like using the aponeurosis will be described. This operation is substantially the same as that described with reference to FIGS. Therefore, only those differences will be described here.

  First, in this embodiment, the subcutaneous fat tissue mass (AFS) estimation process in step S89 is performed according to a subroutine chart shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 73, this estimation process is performed in step S113 using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equations 22-1 and 22-2.

Further, in this embodiment, the measurement process in step 105, that is, the process related to the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance is not performed, and related to the process related to the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance in steps 103, 107, 109, and 110. Is not done.
Other points may be considered similar to those described in FIGS.

  By such operations and operations, visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk (trunk abdomen) can be obtained, and furthermore, due to the influence removal processing of fluctuation due to breathing and water retention (urine etc.) in the bladder and the like Abnormality determination processing can be performed, and advice information corresponding to that can be provided. In the above-described embodiment, the trunk visceral adipose tissue information is obtained as the body fat percentage. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and by using an appropriate conversion formula, the cross-sectional area amount, the volume amount, the weight, etc. Can be obtained as

  According to the present invention, high-accuracy screening information can be made obvious while following the conventional simple measurement method for the adhesion in the vicinity of internal organ tissue and the accumulation of accumulated fat tissue according to the level.

  According to the present invention, the visceral adipose tissue of the trunk can be accurately measured with a small and simple device, so that it can be optimized for home use. Moreover, an abdominal condition check prior to measurement, that is, early check of inflammation or pathological abnormal fluid distribution in internal organ tissues or the like is possible, and appropriate health guide advice can be given accordingly. Therefore, it is possible for the user to obtain various information useful for self-management for maintaining and promoting sustainable health by appropriately performing daily diet and exercise and maintaining motivation for it. Can be very useful.

It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the trunk visceral fat measuring device as one Example of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the trunk visceral fat measuring apparatus of FIG. It is an expansion perspective view of the grip part used for the apparatus of FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the limb guidance | induction method used in this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of a trunk abdomen. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of the trunk abdomen of FIG. 4 as an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk abdomen in which the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is omitted. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of the trunk abdomen of FIG. 4 as an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk abdomen without considering the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is the figure which modeled the schematic diagram of the trunk shown in FIG. 6 in the abdominal circumference cross section in umbilical height. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the model diagram of FIG. 9 as an electrical equivalent circuit. FIG. 11 shows a simplified circuit of FIG. 10. It is a figure explaining the relationship between the distance between electrodes, and spreading resistance. It is a figure explaining the relationship between the distance between electrodes, and spreading resistance. It is a figure which shows typically an example of electrode arrangement | positioning which can be used by this invention with the structure of a trunk abdomen. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring the information of only a subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring the information of only a subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring the information of only a subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring the information of only a subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring as both the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information and the visceral fat tissue information isolate | separated simultaneously. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring as both the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information and the visceral fat tissue information isolate | separated simultaneously. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring as both the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information and the visceral fat tissue information isolate | separated simultaneously. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for measuring as both the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information and the visceral fat tissue information isolate | separated simultaneously. It is a figure which shows typically an example of electrode arrangement | positioning which can be used by this invention with the structure of a trunk abdomen. It is a figure which shows an example of electrode arrangement | positioning. It is a figure which shows an example of electrode arrangement | positioning. It is a figure which shows an example of electrode arrangement | positioning. It is a structural diagram of the trunk abdomen showing an example of electrode arrangement that can be used in the present invention. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the trunk abdominal part of FIG. It is a figure which shows the electrical equivalent circuit of FIG. It is a structural diagram of the trunk abdomen showing an example of electrode arrangement that can be used in the present invention. It is a structural diagram of the trunk abdomen showing an example of electrode arrangement that can be used in the present invention. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for performing subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement which can be used by this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for performing the combined measurement of the visceral fat tissue measurement and subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement which can be used by this invention. It is a figure which shows the electrode positioning method for the electrode arrangement | positioning in the combination measurement which can be used by this invention. It is a structural diagram of the trunk abdomen showing an example of electrode arrangement that can be used in the present invention. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the trunk abdominal part of FIG. It is a figure which shows the electrical equivalent circuit of FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for performing the combination measurement which can be used by this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for performing the combination measurement which can be used by this invention. It is a figure which shows the electrode positioning method for the electrode arrangement | positioning in the combination measurement which can be used by this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of electrode arrangement | positioning for performing the combination measurement which can be used by this invention. It is a figure which shows the electrical equivalent circuit of the structure of a trunk abdomen which also considered the impedance of the upper limb part and the impedance of the lower limb part. It is a figure which shows the induction | guidance | derivation method by energization between upper limb part-lower limb parts based on the electrical equivalent circuit shown in FIG. FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an induction method by energization between the upper limb part and the trunk abdomen based on the electrical equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 42. It is a figure which shows the induction | guidance | derivation method by energization between a leg part and trunk trunk abdomen based on the electrical equivalent circuit shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring an adipose tissue, especially a visceral adipose tissue by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring an adipose tissue, especially a visceral adipose tissue by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring an adipose tissue, especially a visceral adipose tissue by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring an adipose tissue, especially a visceral adipose tissue by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring an adipose tissue, especially a visceral adipose tissue by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring an adipose tissue, especially a visceral adipose tissue by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring an adipose tissue, especially a visceral adipose tissue by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring an adipose tissue, especially a visceral adipose tissue by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring a fat tissue, especially a subcutaneous fat tissue layer by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring a fat tissue, especially a subcutaneous fat tissue layer by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring a fat tissue, especially a subcutaneous fat tissue layer by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring a fat tissue, especially a subcutaneous fat tissue layer by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring a fat tissue, especially a subcutaneous fat tissue layer by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure explaining the induction | guidance | derivation method for measuring a fat tissue, especially a subcutaneous fat tissue layer by the combination electrode arrangement | positioning of a limb part and a trunk. It is a figure which shows the specific measurement basic flow of the visceral fat tissue by the energization induction method to the trunk as one Example of this invention. FIG. 61 is a diagram showing an estimation processing flow of subcutaneous fat tissue volume and subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. 60. FIG. 61 is a diagram showing an internal organ tissue quantity and internal organ tissue impedance estimation processing flow as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. 60. FIG. 61 is a diagram illustrating a processing flow for estimating visceral fat tissue impedance and visceral fat tissue amount as a subroutine of the basic flow in FIG. 60. FIG. 61 is a diagram showing a limb and trunk impedance measurement processing flow as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. 60. FIG. 67 is a diagram showing a trunk trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process flow as a subroutine of the limb and trunk impedance measurement process flow of FIG. 64. FIG. 65 is a diagram showing an abnormal value determination processing flow due to eating and drinking, bladder retention, and the like as a subroutine of the limb and trunk impedance measurement processing flow of FIG. 64. FIG. 67 is a diagram showing a limb / trunk impedance measurement process flow different from the flow of FIG. 64 as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. 60. FIG. 68 is a diagram showing an abnormality determination processing flow for organs in the trunk and abdomen as a subroutine of the limb and trunk impedance measurement processing flow of FIG. 67. It is a figure which shows the basic flowchart for trunk internal organs and subcutaneous fat tissue measurement by one Example of this invention. FIG. 70 is a diagram showing an estimation processing flow of an internal organ tissue amount and internal organ tissue impedance as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. 69. FIG. 70 is a diagram showing a processing flow for estimating visceral fat tissue impedance and visceral fat tissue amount as a subroutine of the basic flow in FIG. 69. FIG. 70 is a diagram showing a trunk impedance measurement process flow as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. 69. FIG. 70 is a diagram showing a subcutaneous fat tissue amount estimation processing flow as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. 69.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power supply part 2 Body weight measurement part 3 Site impedance measurement part 4 Memory | storage part 5 Display and input part 6 Printing part 7 Calculation and control part 8 Current supply part 9 Current application electrode switching part 10 Current application electrode 11 Voltage measurement electrode 12 Voltage measurement Electrode switching unit 13 Voltage measuring unit 14 Grip unit 15 aponeurosis unit 16 Side abdominal region 20 External oblique muscle tissue layer 21 Tendon drawing 23 White line 25 Left and right gluteal muscle 27 Wide spine 30 Spread resistance region 33 Current application electrode 34 Current application electrode 36, 37, 38 Electrode 43, 44 Current application electrode 46, 47 Voltage measurement electrode 50 Rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer 53, 54 Current application electrode 55-60 Voltage measurement electrode 61, 62 Current application electrode 63-68 Voltage measurement electrode 70-73 Current Applied electrodes 74 to 77 Voltage measuring electrode 112 Operation panel 120 Right ventral side surface A Umbilical cord

Claims (19)

A current is applied to the trunk from the first current application electrode disposed on the trunk and the second current application electrode disposed at a portion protruding from the trunk, and the potential difference generated in the trunk is first and A method for obtaining visceral adipose tissue information and / or subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information of the trunk by measuring the impedance of the trunk and measuring the impedance of the trunk.
The trunk fat measurement method, wherein the first current application electrode is arranged on either the left or right tendon when viewed from the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction. A current is applied to the trunk from the first current application electrode disposed on the trunk and the second current application electrode disposed at a portion protruding from the trunk, and the potential difference generated in the trunk is first and measured by second voltage measuring electrode, wherein is estimated from the impedance of the measured said torso was determined by using a potential difference, visceral fat tissue information of the torso, and / or, use of subcutaneous fat tissue layer information A method for measuring a trunk internal organ and / or subcutaneous fat tissue mass ,
In order to obtain subcutaneous fat tissue layer information of the trunk,
Said first current supply electrode, disposed to the left or right of the tendon when viewed around the umbilicus in the trunk circumferential direction,
The first voltage measurement electrode is disposed adjacent to the first current application electrode;
Said second voltage measuring electrode, trunk Buabura肪measuring method comprising placing at a distance from the first current supply electrode.   A current is applied to the trunk from the first current application electrode disposed on the trunk and the second current application electrode disposed at a portion protruding from the trunk, and the potential difference generated in the trunk is first and Using the visceral adipose tissue information and / or subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information of the trunk estimated from the impedance of the trunk measured using the measured voltage difference A method for measuring a trunk internal organ and / or subcutaneous fat tissue mass,
To obtain visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk,
  The first current application electrode is disposed on either the left or right tendon when viewed around the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction,
  The first voltage measurement electrode is disposed on the tendon where the first current application electrode is disposed at a distance from the first current application electrode,
  The trunk part characterized in that the second voltage measurement electrode is arranged at a distance in the trunk length direction from the first voltage measurement electrode on the tendon part on which the first current application electrode is arranged. Fat measurement method.   A current is applied to the trunk from the first current application electrode disposed on the trunk and the second current application electrode disposed at a portion protruding from the trunk, and the potential difference generated in the trunk is first and Using the visceral adipose tissue information and / or subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information of the trunk estimated from the impedance of the trunk measured using the measured voltage difference A method for measuring a trunk internal organ and / or subcutaneous fat tissue mass,
To obtain visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk,
  The first current application electrode is disposed on either the left or right tendon when viewed around the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction,
  The first voltage measurement electrode and the second voltage measurement electrode protrude from the trunk, but are different from the portion protruding from the trunk where the second current application electrode is disposed. A method for measuring trunk fat, characterized in that each of them is arranged. First and second current application electrodes for applying a current to the trunk, and first and second voltage measurement electrodes for measuring a potential difference generated in the trunk, using the measured potential difference Using the obtained visceral fat tissue information and / or subcutaneous fat tissue layer information of the trunk estimated from the obtained impedance of the trunk, the trunk visceral and / or subcutaneous fat tissue mass is measured. A device,
In order to obtain subcutaneous fat tissue layer information of the trunk,
Wherein the first current supply electrode disposed on either left or right tendon when viewed around the umbilicus in the trunk circumferential direction,
The second current application electrode is disposed at a portion protruding from the trunk ,
The first voltage measurement electrode is disposed in proximity to the first current application electrode;
Trunk Buabura肪measuring device, characterized in that said second voltage measuring electrodes are arranged at a distance from the first current supply electrode.   First and second current application electrodes for applying a current to the trunk, and first and second voltage measurement electrodes for measuring a potential difference generated in the trunk, using the measured potential difference Using the obtained visceral fat tissue information and / or subcutaneous fat tissue layer information of the trunk estimated from the obtained impedance of the trunk, the trunk visceral and / or subcutaneous fat tissue mass is measured. A device,
To obtain visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk,
  The first current application electrode is disposed on either the left or right tendon when viewed around the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction,
  The second current application electrode is disposed at a portion protruding from the trunk,
  The first voltage measurement electrode is disposed at a distance from the first current application electrode on the tendon where the first current application electrode is disposed;
  The second voltage measurement electrode is disposed on the tendon portion where the first current application electrode is disposed at a distance from the first voltage measurement electrode in the trunk length direction. Torso fat measuring device. First and second current application electrodes for applying a current to the trunk, and first and second voltage measurement electrodes for measuring a potential difference generated in the trunk, using the measured potential difference Using the obtained visceral fat tissue information and / or subcutaneous fat tissue layer information of the trunk estimated from the obtained impedance of the trunk, the trunk visceral and / or subcutaneous fat tissue mass is measured. A device,
To obtain visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk,
  The first current application electrode is disposed on either the left or right tendon when viewed around the umbilicus in the trunk periphery direction,
  The second current application electrode is disposed at a portion protruding from the trunk,
  The first voltage measurement electrode and the second voltage measurement electrode protrude from the trunk, but are different from the protrusion protruding from the trunk where the second current application electrode is disposed. The trunk fat measuring device, wherein the trunk fat measuring device is arranged in each. The trunk fat measuring device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the part protruding from the trunk where the second current application electrode is disposed is a limb or a head. The trunk fat measuring device according to claim 8, wherein the part protruding from the trunk is an ear of the head. The first voltage measurement electrode is disposed at a position close to the first current application electrode, and the second voltage measurement electrode is located at a position far from the first current application electrode in the longitudinal direction of the trunk. placed, trunk fat measuring device according to claim 5 for obtaining the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer information by measuring the impedance of the trunk. The first current application electrode applies a current to the tendon,
The first voltage measurement electrode is disposed in any of the vicinity of the umbilical position, the flank, and the dorsum of the umbilicus directly below the first current application electrode, and the second voltage measurement electrode is disposed on the umbilicus and the iliac crest. is disposed between the edge, to claim 5, 8, 9 or 10 to obtain a subcutaneous fat tissue layer information by measuring the potential difference between said first voltage measuring electrode and the second voltage measuring electrode The trunk fat measuring apparatus as described. The first voltage measurement electrode is disposed in a proximity position with respect to the first current application electrode, and the second voltage measurement electrode is disposed in a proximity position with respect to the first current application electrode. wherein arranged from a sufficiently distant position the first voltage measuring electrode, it claims to obtain information of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer by measuring the potential difference between the said first voltage measuring electrode and the second voltage measuring electrodes 11. The trunk fat measuring device according to 11 . The trunk fat measurement device according to claim 12 , wherein the sufficiently distant position is a position that is three times or more the close position. Having at least two sets of the first and second voltage measuring electrodes ;
The first current application electrode applies a current to the tendon,
The first voltage measurement electrode included in one set of the voltage measurement electrodes of the at least two sets of the voltage measurement electrodes is disposed in any of the vicinity of the umbilical position, the flank, and the dorsum immediately below the first current application electrode. And the second voltage measurement electrode is disposed between the umbilicus and the upper edge of the iliac crest, and measures the potential difference between the first voltage measurement electrode and the second voltage measurement electrode. To obtain subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information ,
First and second voltage measuring electrode of the other set of said at least two pairs of voltage measuring electrodes is to obtain visceral fat tissue information by measuring a potential difference is placed on the tendon,
A switching device that selectively selects the one set of voltage measurement electrodes and the other set of voltage measurement electrodes and selectively obtains the subcutaneous fat tissue layer information and the visceral fat tissue information . The trunk fat measuring device according to 11, 12, or 13 . Said at least two pairs of voltage measuring electrodes to thus measured potential difference of the trunk pointing to the impedance and the trunk visceral fat tissue volume estimating means for estimating the trunk visceral fat tissue volume based on the body specifying information The trunk fat measuring device according to claim 14 , further comprising: The trunk fat measurement according to any one of claims 5 to 15 , further comprising a breathing fluctuation influence removing means for removing the influence of fluctuation due to breathing based on the impedance of the trunk measured in a sampling cycle shorter than the breathing cycle time. apparatus. The trunk fat measurement device according to any one of claims 5 to 15 , further comprising an abnormal value determination processing unit that performs an abnormal value determination process by comparing the measured impedance of the trunk with a general value of a group.   The trunk fat measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tendon portion is a joint tendon portion between the rectus abdominis muscle and the external oblique muscle.   The trunk fat measurement device according to any one of claims 5 to 17, wherein the tendon portion is a joint tendon portion between a rectus abdominis muscle and an external oblique muscle.

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