JP4740637B2 - Trunk visceral fat measurement method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a trunk visceral fat measurement method and apparatus.

  Body fat tissue estimation technology using bioelectrical impedance has spread to the world as a technique for measuring body fat tissue volume and body fat percentage, but in reality, it is not directly measuring fat tissue. In addition, it is an electrical measurement of lean tissue in which water other than adipose tissue is dominant. In particular, in the whole body measurement, the conventional type models one hand-one leg with a single cylinder in the supine position (one-hand-one leg guidance method). Measure between both palms to measure, guide between both legs integrated with weight scale, upper and lower limbs, upper and lower limbs and trunk, or left and right upper limbs, left and right lower limbs, trunk as 5 segments The technique of measuring the impedance by making it possible to apply a cylindrical model separately has also become apparent. In addition, a patent application has been filed for a measurement technique that simplifies the impedance CT measurement technique, arranges current application / voltage measurement electrodes in the trunk umbilical girdle, measures the impedance of the abdomen, and estimates the visceral fat tissue mass. (See Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent No. 3396677 Japanese Patent No. 3396684

  However, information on body adipose tissue is particularly useful for screening lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and in particular, visceral fat that has adhered and accumulated in the vicinity of internal organ tissues. For organizations, the importance of measurement is increasing day by day.

  Visceral adipose tissue is an adipose tissue that is intensively distributed near the abdomen of the trunk, and has been determined by the cross-sectional area of the adipose tissue in an abdominal cross-sectional image obtained by X-ray CТ or MRI. However, the apparatus is large, and in the case of X-rays, there is a problem of exposure, and there is a cost aspect, which is not suitable for measurement in the field and home. Therefore, the visceral adipose tissue is generally estimated from the correlation with the whole body adipose tissue or the correlation with the whole body lean tissue, and sufficient reliability has not been ensured even for screening.

  Recently, a method for estimating visceral adipose tissue information by placing electrodes around the umbilical girth of the trunk and measuring the internal impedance of the trunk is also under development. However, this method is based on the fact that there is a significant correlation among the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and the visceral adipose tissue. It is assumed that estimation is possible. For this reason, good results can be expected for healthy subjects with high independence where a very significant correlation can exist, but subjects with different correlations between tissues, such as visceral adipose tissue, are significantly enlarged. In addition, the measurement result in the subject having a remarkably low correlation with the subcutaneous fat tissue layer or the skeletal muscle tissue layer can include a large error. In other words, even if this method is under development, if it is a subject who can live a healthy independent life, it is possible to measure somehow regardless of where the electrodes are placed around the entire umbilicus. In particular, the problem is large when measurement is performed on a bedridden patient on a bed.

  In addition, this method under development can be said to be a high technology in that the impedance value related to the internal tissue is obtained by applying current from the abdominal surface to the tissue site to be measured. The fact is that the measured impedance information itself has little useful sensitivity to visceral adipose tissue due to problems in the internal structure of the trunk, which is the part. That is, the trunk that is the measurement site is short and thick, the multiple structure, that is, the visceral fat tissue that is the measurement target is covered with a skeletal muscle tissue layer that exhibits very good conductivity together with the internal organ tissue and the spine tissue, This skeletal muscle tissue layer has a structure in which it is covered with a subcutaneous fat tissue layer having very poor conductivity. In particular, the visceral adipose tissue that is the subject of measurement is dominated by internal organ tissues that are less conductive than the skeletal muscle tissue layer and visceral adipose tissues that are attached and accumulated on this internal organ tissue and have poor conductivity. Due to the configuration, the internal conductivity is considerably inferior to that of the skeletal muscle tissue layer. For this reason, even if the current application electrode is simply arranged around the abdomen, the majority is energized through the skeletal muscle tissue layer, and the current density distribution is also a potential distribution dominant to the skeletal muscle tissue layer from the surface measurement electrode. Will be observed. Furthermore, the distribution of the applied current density is determined by the surface area of the electrode to which the current is applied or the electrode width in the abdominal circumference direction, and the current density in the subcutaneous fat tissue layer immediately below the electrode is widened, and the observation of information in the resistance region becomes dominant. End up.

  Furthermore, because the trunk, which is the measurement site, is thick and short, the sensitivity in the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer in the current density concentration (spreading resistance) region directly under the current application electrode is higher, and the skeletal muscle tissue layer is more in comparison with the adipose tissue. Since the electrical conductivity is considerably high, a route in which most of the current passing through the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer returns through the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer to the side of the current application electrode through the skeletal muscle tissue layer is taken. In addition, the internal potential distribution is greatly distorted in this skeletal muscle tissue layer. Therefore, in the conventional method, most of the measured potential is information of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and the visceral adipose tissue to be measured, that is, the visceral adipose tissue that adheres to and accumulates in the internal organ tissue and its surroundings. It is almost impossible to energize the battery, and only information with extremely low measurement sensitivity of 10% or less of the entire impedance measurement section can be captured.

  In order to avoid these problems, a method for preventing an increase in the estimation error by incorporating an abdominal circumference that is highly correlated with the area of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer into the estimation formula has been considered. It is nothing but indirect estimation based on the correlation between the constituent tissues, and it is difficult to say that it is a measurement method that secures the necessary energization sensitivity at the center of the abdomen. In other words, individual errors that deviate from the statistical correlation design cannot be guaranteed, especially when there are many pathologically subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissues, or when there are many / small intermediate skeletal muscle tissue layers. obtain. It should be noted that the area of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is highly correlated with the abdominal circumference, because the human trunk has a concentric tissue arrangement design, and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is the outermost arrangement, so the outer circumference This is because the area is determined by the length and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat tissue.

  Usually, the four-electrode method is also used for the electrode arrangement on the trunk. In this method, a current is applied to the body of the subject, and a potential difference generated in the measurement site of the subject due to the applied current is measured to measure the bioelectrical impedance in the measurement site section. When the four-electrode method is applied to a thick and short measurement site such as the trunk, the current density concentration at the beginning of current spreading (ie, spreading resistance region) is large, for example, near the subcutaneous fat tissue layer directly under the current application electrode. A potential difference is generated, and this potential difference occupies most of the potential difference measured between the voltage measurement electrodes. In order to reduce the influence of the spreading resistance, it is important to arrange the current application electrode and the voltage measurement electrode with a sufficient distance. Since general measurement is performed under the condition that the measurement interval is long and the distance between the voltage measurement electrodes can be sufficiently secured, so-called S / N sensitivity (N is an influence (noise) due to spreading resistance, and S is between the voltage measurement electrodes). The signal to be measured) should be sufficiently secured. However, in the case of a thick and short measurement site such as the trunk, if the voltage measurement electrode is moved away from the current application electrode in order to reduce N, the voltage measurement electrode section distance becomes smaller. As a result, S becomes smaller and eventually the S / N becomes worse. Further, the spreading resistance portion having a high current density is a subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and a thick and obese subject is generally used. Therefore, the N is considerably large, and the S / N is doubled. End up. As described above, when the four-electrode method is used for a short and short measurement site such as the trunk, a useful S / N sensitivity to visceral adipose tissue can be obtained simply by placing an electrode on the circumference of the umbilicus. It is speculated that it is quite impossible to secure. The S / N will be described in more detail in the description of the embodiments described later.

  The object of the present invention is to eliminate these problems in the prior art, ensuring the sensitivity necessary for measurement even in areas of internal organ tissues and visceral adipose tissues with poor electrical conductivity, and fat accumulated in the trunk. In addition to making it possible to measure visceral adipose tissue that adheres to and accumulates around internal organ tissues and subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information that accumulates in the subcutaneous layer with high accuracy and simplicity, it is also an error factor due to complex mixed tissues It is to provide a trunk visceral fat measurement method and apparatus capable of providing measurement result information with high measurement reproducibility and high reliability, and a health guideline advice apparatus using the measurement information. In particular, an object of the present invention is to estimate a skeletal muscle tissue layer that is a main factor of estimation error when estimating the amount of visceral adipose tissue without using a method based only on body-specific information. By making it possible to measure tissue layer information related to muscle development of the human by means of electrical measurement means, it is possible to estimate the amount of visceral adipose tissue using the captured information.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, the trunk viscera for obtaining the amount of trunk visceral adipose tissue using the bioimpedance of the trunk measured using the current application electrode pair and the voltage measurement electrode pair disposed on the trunk. In the fat measurement method, one current application electrode is arranged on the skeletal muscle group that is arranged long in the longitudinal direction of the trunk abdomen from the umbilical position, and the skeletal muscle group that is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the trunk abdomen is used as a virtual electrode layer In addition to increasing the amount of current applied to internal organ tissue and visceral fat tissue inside the skeletal muscle tissue layer, another voltage measurement electrode pair is further placed on the skeletal muscle group that is arranged long in the trunk abdomen longitudinal direction. Thus, a trunk visceral fat measuring method is provided, wherein the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is measured, and the trunk visceral fat tissue amount is obtained using the measured impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, the impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk is obtained based on the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer, and the internal organ tissue amount of the trunk is calculated based on the body specifying information. Determining the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk based on the determined internal organ tissue amount and body specifying information of the trunk, and determining the bioimpedance of the trunk and the determined trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer The impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue is obtained based on the impedance and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk, and the amount of the trunk visceral adipose tissue is determined based on the impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue and the body specifying information. You may ask for it.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, the impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk is obtained based on the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer and the body specifying information, and the trunk is based on the body specifying information. The internal organ tissue amount of the trunk, the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk based on the determined internal organ tissue amount of the trunk and the body specifying information, the bioimpedance of the trunk, and the determined body The impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue is determined based on the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance of the internal organs of the trunk, and the body is determined based on the determined impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue and the body specifying information. The amount of trunk visceral adipose tissue may be determined.

  According to another embodiment of the present invention, the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is measured by an applied current having a frequency f1 with high sensitivity to the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer, and the bioimpedance of the trunk is measured. The measurement may be performed with an applied current at a frequency f2 that is less affected by muscle fibers at a frequency higher than f1.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, a third voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring the impedance of the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer is further arranged, and one voltage measurement electrode of the third voltage measurement electrode pair is arranged. Is placed near the current application electrode where the influence of the spreading resistance directly under the current application electrode is dominant, and the other voltage measurement electrode is arranged until the influence of the spreading resistance under the current application electrode is reduced. The amount of trunk visceral adipose tissue may be obtained using the impedance of the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer measured by the voltage measurement electrode pair.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, one current application electrode of the second current application electrode pair is further arranged at a position close to one voltage measurement electrode of the third voltage measurement electrode pair. The trunk visceral adipose tissue amount may be obtained using the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measured by the voltage measurement electrode pair.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the bioelectrical impedance of the trunk, and the determined impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk. Determining the impedance of the trunk, the electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk is an impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer with respect to a series circuit of the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and the impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue May be connected in parallel.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the bioelectrical impedance of the trunk, and the determined impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk. Determining the impedance of the trunk, the electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk is connected to the series circuit of the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and the impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer The impedance and the impedance of the trunk trunk fat tissue layer may be connected in parallel.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the group of skeletal muscles arranged long in the trunk abdomen longitudinal direction is preferably a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the current application electrode pair may be disposed between the upper part of the rectus abdominis muscle layer and the lower back of the trunk on the trunk front side. In this case, one current application electrode of the current application electrode pair is disposed near the upper upper end of the rectus abdominis muscle layer at the lower trunk side of the trunk, and one voltage measurement electrode of the voltage measurement electrode pair is applied to the one current application Place a certain distance from the electrode, and place the other voltage measurement electrode on the umbilicus or lower umbilicus, or on the umbilicus, including the umbilicus, based on the midline to lower umbilicus position. It is preferable.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the current application electrode and the voltage measurement electrode are arranged symmetrically on both sides across the white line so as to contribute equally to the conduction and measurement of the left and right rectus abdominis muscle tissue layers. May be.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the current application electrode and the voltage measurement electrode may be arranged only in one of the left and right rectus abdominis muscle tissue layers.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the voltage measurement electrode may be disposed with reference to a tendon portion of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the voltage measurement electrode may be disposed in the concave portion of the umbilicus.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, the trunk viscera for obtaining the trunk visceral adipose tissue amount using the bioimpedance of the trunk measured using the current application electrode pair and the voltage measurement electrode pair arranged on the trunk. In the fat measurement device, one current application electrode of the current application electrode pair is arranged on a skeletal muscle group that is arranged long in the longitudinal direction of the trunk abdomen from the umbilical position, and the skeletal muscle arranged in the longitudinal direction of the trunk abdomen There is provided a trunk visceral fat measuring device characterized in that another voltage measuring electrode pair for measuring the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is further arranged on the group.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance estimating means for estimating the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer based on the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer, and body specifying information The internal organ tissue of the trunk is estimated based on the internal organ tissue amount of the trunk and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk is estimated based on the estimated internal organ tissue amount of the trunk and the body specifying information Trunk viscera for estimating impedance of trunk visceral adipose tissue based on impedance estimation means, biological impedance of the trunk, impedance of the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer and impedance of internal organ tissue of the trunk A trunk that estimates the amount of trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the fat tissue impedance estimation means and the estimated impedance and body specific information of the trunk visceral adipose tissue It may further comprise a visceral fat tissue volume estimating means.

  According to another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance estimation means for estimating the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer based on the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer and body specifying information And estimating the internal organ tissue amount of the trunk based on the body specifying information, and estimating the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk based on the estimated internal organ tissue amount of the trunk and the body specifying information Torso organ tissue impedance estimation means, based on the biomedical impedance of the trunk, impedance of the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer and impedance of the trunk internal organ tissue based on the impedance of the trunk internal organ tissue A trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance estimating means for estimating the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the estimated impedance and body specifying information of the trunk visceral adipose tissue It may further comprise a trunk visceral fat tissue volume estimating means for estimating a.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, a third voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring the impedance of the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer is further arranged, and one voltage measurement electrode of the third voltage measurement electrode pair is arranged. However, it is arranged at a position close to the current application electrode where the influence of the spreading resistance just under the current application electrode is dominant, and the other voltage measurement electrode is reduced until the influence of the spreading resistance just under the current application electrode is reduced. The amount of trunk visceral adipose tissue may be determined using the impedance of the trunk subcutaneous adipose tissue layer disposed at a position away from the body and measured by the voltage measurement electrode pair.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, one current application electrode of the second current application electrode pair is further arranged at a position close to one voltage measurement electrode of the third voltage measurement electrode pair. The trunk visceral adipose tissue amount may be obtained using the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measured by the voltage measurement electrode pair.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance estimating means is configured such that an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk includes the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and the trunk visceral adipose tissue. The estimation may be performed on the assumption that the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer is connected in parallel to the series circuit with the impedance.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance estimating means is configured such that an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk includes the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and the trunk visceral adipose tissue. For the series circuit with the impedance, the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance of the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer may be estimated in parallel.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the group of skeletal muscles arranged long in the trunk abdomen longitudinal direction is preferably a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the current application electrode pair may be disposed between the rectus abdominis muscle layer upper part and the lower back waist part of the trunk front side dovetail lower part.

  According to the present invention, the upper part of the abdominal rectus muscle tissue layer at the lower trunk side dovetail where one current application electrode is arranged is a region where the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is thinly distributed and is less affected by spreading resistance. Highly visceral adipose tissue information can be measured. Further, since the voltage measurement electrode can be arranged close to the current application electrode to some extent, information on the skeletal muscle tissue layer related to muscle development can be measured. In particular, the abdominal muscle group has greater individual differences as anti-gravity muscles than the back muscle group, and has strong characteristics of muscle development in the trunk abdomen. Therefore, although it is local information, it is strongly related to the whole body skeletal muscle design. Therefore, by measuring information on the skeletal muscle tissue layer related to muscle development, errors in the estimation method of the skeletal muscle tissue layer can be reduced. In particular, based on the frequency characteristics of the skeletal muscle tissue layer, errors can be further reduced by using measurement information obtained by applying currents of two frequencies. In addition, by adding subcutaneous adipose tissue layer measurement as a combination measurement, the main cause of error due to individual differences in both skeletal muscle tissue layer and subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can be solved, greatly improving the accuracy of visceral adipose tissue estimation it can. Further, it is useful for improving the measurement accuracy of the V / S ratio as a ratio expression of visceral fat and subcutaneous fat.

  In addition, it can provide averaged and highly reproducible electrical information for complex tissue layers of internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue, and can measure subtle changes in internal tissue placement due to breathing and posture. The influence can be reduced, and the influence by the storage of urine and feces in the internal organ tissue can be reduced.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to accurately measure the trunk visceral adipose tissue by increasing the energization amount and sensitivity to the visceral organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue. Further, the S / N characteristic can be improved by arranging the voltage measurement electrode at the position where the muscle belly is removed from the N component due to the disturbance of the potential due to the skeletal muscle tissue layer that becomes noise.

  Further, even in a paralyzed patient and a subject who is bedridden due to care or the like, the subject can easily measure by setting the measurement part to the front of the abdomen and the abdominal measurement surface excluding the back part. Furthermore, since the subject can be aware of the measurement site by attaching electrodes to the abdomen, it is beneficial to improve measurement accuracy and to ensure motivation by conscious restraint.

  Furthermore, it is possible to reveal highly accurate screening information according to the required level in the vicinity of internal organ tissues and the accumulation of accumulated fat tissues following the combination with the conventional simple measurement method and simplicity. .

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue can be accurately measured with a small and simple device, so that it can be optimized for home use. Moreover, an abdominal condition check prior to measurement, that is, early check of inflammation or pathological abnormal fluid distribution in internal organ tissues or the like is possible, and appropriate health guide advice can be given accordingly. Therefore, it is possible for a user to obtain various information useful for self-management for maintaining and promoting sustainable health by appropriately performing daily diet and exercise and maintaining motivation therefor. Can be very useful.

  Before describing the embodiments and examples of the present invention in detail, the principle of measuring the visceral fat of the trunk according to the present invention will be described. The present invention basically uses the bioelectrical impedance information and the body specifying information, and visceral fat tissue information (cross-sectional area amount, volume amount or weight) of the trunk (trunk abdomen), more specifically, the body The present invention relates to a method and the like that makes it possible to easily and accurately measure adipose tissue accumulated in the trunk, particularly visceral adipose tissue attached and accumulated around the internal organ tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue layer information accumulated in the subcutaneous layer.

For this reason, the present invention makes full use of the following technique.
(1) The tissue information included in the bioelectrical impedance information of the trunk is assumed to be an equivalent circuit model in which the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the internal organ tissue, and the visceral fat tissue are serially parallel. Here, the internal organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue are considered in series (therefore, a change in energization amount can be expected depending on the size of the visceral adipose tissue).

(2) When the abdominal circumference can be secured as body specific information, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the internal organ tissue, and the visceral fat are included as a high-accuracy model including the subcutaneous fat tissue amount in the equivalent circuit model. Assuming a series-parallel equivalent circuit model in the organization.

(3) Subcutaneous adipose tissue mass estimation is made up of multiple regression equations with the abdominal circumference in the body specifying information as the main explanatory variable. Furthermore, put the square of the waist circumference as the main explanatory variable.

(4) The determination of internal organ tissue information is made up of multiple regression equations with height information as the main explanatory variable in the body specific information, and is used to determine uncertain information for visceral fat tissue information estimation. .

(5) The standard measurement of the tissue used for the multiple regression analysis (calibration curve creation method) for quantifying each tissue is the tissue cross-sectional area (CSA) from the X-ray CT tomographic image at the umbilical position or the CSA by the MRI method. Tissue volume and weight using the DEXA method and MRI method (integration processing for each slice in the length direction) for the entire trunk can be calculated from the tissue density information from previous studies. ). In the DEXA method, the total adipose tissue information of the total of the abdominal visceral adipose tissue and the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can be measured as a reference.

(6) In order to be able to capture visceral adipose tissue information with high accuracy using the method as described above, it is necessary to take a means to replace fluctuations in the measured impedance information of the trunk due to breathing or the like with a certain condition value. The impedance measurement sampling period is within 1/2 of the general respiratory cycle, the respiratory change is monitored in time series, the maximum value and the minimum value for each respiratory cycle are determined for each respiratory cycle, Capability to capture median rest breathing.

(7) Further, it is also possible to check in advance of adverse effects caused by eating and drinking before the measurement and retention of bladder and urine from the measured impedance information. Generally, the information on the skeletal muscle tissue layer is dominantly reflected in the impedance value of the trunk in a general healthy subject group. In addition, information on the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk is very small as a measurement value, and no great difference is recognized between individuals. The reason is that the design is highly correlated with anti-gravity muscles that support and develop their own weight under the earth's gravity, so subjects who are specially bedridden and not affected by gravity, or athletes who are subject to several times the stress of their own weight This is because it is almost determined by body size except for special groups. Here, the influence on the impedance of the trunk other than the skeletal muscle tissue layer and the respiratory fluctuation is an adverse effect due to food and drink and urinary bladder urine storage. Therefore, when the impedance values of the trunk are collected as collective data and viewed as the mean value [mean] and deviation [SD], it can be seen that the effects of food and drink and bladder urine retention are in the range exceeding 2SD. It was. However, considering even a semi-general group such as athletes to a certain extent, 3SD can be used as a criterion to screen for this effect.

  Next, the measurement principle of the present invention based on the above-described method will be described in further detail.

1. Electrical equivalent circuit modeling of trunk tissue (1) The trunk mainly consists of subcutaneous fat tissue layer, skeletal muscle tissue layer (abdominal muscle group, back muscle group), internal organ tissue and visceral fat attached to the gap It can be thought of as an organization. The reason why the bone tissue is not listed as a constituent tissue is that the bone tissue has a very high quantitative correlation with the skeletal muscle tissue layer and can be considered as an integral tissue body. The volume resistivity is considered to have a property that is considerably good in conductivity by including bone marrow tissue and the like in a living body, and has characteristics close to those of a skeletal muscle tissue layer and internal organ tissue. Therefore, when these four tissues are represented by an electrical equivalent circuit model, the internal organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue are configured in series, and the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer and the skeletal muscle tissue layer are respectively formed with respect to the serial composite tissue layer. Configured in parallel. This equivalent circuit model will be described in detail in the description of FIGS. According to this model, a current flows predominantly through the skeletal muscle tissue layer when energized in the length direction of the trunk. Since visceral adipose tissue adheres to the gaps around the internal organ tissue, when there is no visceral adipose tissue or when there is little visceral tissue, the internal organ tissue exhibits conductivity close to that of the skeletal muscle tissue layer. Also, a current is applied. Further, as the visceral adipose tissue increases, the energization amount to the composite tissue layer as a complex of the internal organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue decreases. The model impedance when the measured impedance of the trunk and the four tissues constituting it are expressed by an equivalent circuit model can be expressed as follows.
Ztm = ZFS // ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 1
here,
Impedance of the whole trunk: Ztm
Impedance of subcutaneous adipose tissue layer: ZFS: Volume resistivity is large.
Impedance of skeletal muscle tissue layer: ZMM: Volume resistivity is small.
Impedance of internal organ tissue: ZVM ... It is considered as volume resistivity close to the skeletal muscle tissue layer.
Impedance of visceral adipose tissue: ZFV: Volume resistivity is considered to be equal to or slightly smaller than the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer. Since the synthetic decomposition of adipose tissue is faster than that of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer, it is considered that the blood vessels and blood volume in the tissue are large.

The electrical characteristics between tissues are determined by volume resistivity ρ [Ωm] rather than impedance. From the above relationship, the electrical characteristic values of each tissue are generally explained by the following relationship.
ρMM << ρ (VM + FV) << ρFS
ρVM << ρFV
ρMM = ρMV or ρMM <ρMV
ρFV = ρFS or ρFV <FS
here,
Volume resistivity of subcutaneous adipose tissue layer: ρFS
Volume resistivity of composite tissue layer of internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue inside skeletal muscle tissue layer: ρ (VM + FV)
Volume resistivity of skeletal muscle tissue layer: ρMM
Therefore, due to the relationship with Equation 1, the electrical property comparison relationship between the tissues is
ZFS >> (ZVM + ZFV) >> ZMM ... Formula 2
It becomes.

(2) By simply placing an electrode on the circumference of the abdominal umbilicus using the conventional method, the impedance component of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer becomes the dominant measurement due to the effect of spreading resistance directly under the current application electrode, Separation and removal of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer by the ideal four-electrode method could not be realized. According to the present invention, an ideal four-electrode method can be realized by applying the new electrode arrangement method, and the impedance component of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer can be deleted.
As will be described later, according to the electrode placement method of the present invention, the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is used as a virtual electrode. Therefore, the electrical equivalent circuit model can be expressed as shown in FIG. That is,
Ztm = 2 * ZFS + ZMM2 // (ZVM + ZFV) ・ ・ ・ Equation 3
The skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM) is divided into the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer (MM1) and the skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM2) in which the muscle fibers other than the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer are diagonally inclined, and ZMM1 and ZMM2 Are the impedances of MM1 and MM2, respectively. According to the electrode placement method of the present invention, the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can be separated and removed because the effect of spreading resistance in the vicinity of the current application electrode can be ignored, and the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer can be removed. In order to use it as a virtual electrode, the impedance series part of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer can be removed by further securing the inter-electrode distance corresponding to the voltage drop in the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. Therefore, when ZMM = ZMM2 is set, Equation 3 is expressed as follows.
Ztm = ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 4

2. Estimation of trunk skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area [AMM] and trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance [ZMM] (3) trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance (ZMM) impedance of rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer (ZMM1) Estimated from the measurement information. The skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk abdomen is divided into the back muscle group and the abdominal muscle group. high. The information of muscle development related to the individual's activity ability is likely to appear in the abdominal muscle group, and the individual variation also appears prominently in the abdominal muscle group. The abdominal muscle group is composed of a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer, an oblique abdominis muscle tissue layer, etc., and the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is highly related to muscle development. Further, according to the present technology, the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer can be captured as impedance information. Therefore, except for athletes and non-gravity adaptors such as paralyzed patients and caregivers, it is possible to estimate with the impedance information and body specifying information of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. This estimation is performed by substituting impedance ZMM1, height H, weight W, and age Age of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer into the following equation.
ZMM = a0 * ZMM1 + b0 * H + c0 * W + d0 * Age + e0 Equation 5
Here, a0, b0, c0, d0, and e0 are constants that give different values for men and women.

(4) The cross sectional area (skeletal muscle tissue mass) AMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk abdomen can be expressed by the following equation using the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance ZMM.
AMM = a * H / ZMM + b ・ ・ ・ Formula 6
Here, a and b are constants.

3. Estimating internal organ tissue volume [AVM] and internal organ tissue impedance [ZVM] (5) Estimating internal organ tissue volume [VM] of the trunk from body (individual) specific information such as height, weight, sex, and age I can do it. Among the explanatory variables, the influence of the height term is large.
Internal organ tissue volume [AVM] = a1 * Height [H] + b1 * Weight [W] + c1 * Age [Age] + d1 Equation 7
Here, a1, b1, c1, and d1 are constants that give different values for men and women.

(6) Next, the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue is estimated.
The internal organ tissue impedance ZVM can be estimated from body (individual) specifying information such as height, weight, sex, and age. Among the explanatory variables, the influence of the height term is large. For convenience, the internal organ tissue amount AVM obtained above is used here. This estimation can be performed using the following equation.
ZVM = a2 * H / AVM + b2 Equation 8
Here, a2 and b2 are constants that give different values for men and women.

4). Estimation of visceral adipose tissue impedance [ZFV] and visceral adipose tissue volume [AFV] (7) Next, the impedance ZFV of the visceral adipose tissue is estimated.
When Equation 4 is transformed,
1 / Ztm = 1 / ZMM + 1 / (ZVM + ZFV) (9)
When ZFV is derived from Equation 9, the following is obtained, and impedance information having information on visceral adipose tissue can be obtained.
ZFV = 1 / [1 / Ztm-1 / ZMM]-ZVM ... Equation 10
In this equation, Ztm is an actual measurement value. The impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer can use a two-frequency measurement value. Moreover, since the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance ZMM and the internal organ tissue impedance ZVM can be estimated as described above, ZFV can be extracted by substituting the estimated values. That is, it can be calculated by substituting Equation 5 and Equation 8 into Equation 10.

(8) Visceral adipose tissue volume AFV is treated here as the cross-sectional area of visceral adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue amount AFV can be calculated from the above impedance information and height information,
AFV = aa * H / ZFV + bb ... Formula 11
Here, aa and bb are constants.

5. Estimation of subcutaneous fat tissue volume [AFS] (9) The subcutaneous fat tissue volume AFS of the trunk can be estimated from impedance information ZFS of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and abdominal circumference Lw.
Subcutaneous fat tissue volume [AFS] = aa0 * ZFS * Lw + bb0
Here, aa0 and bb0 are constants.

6). Estimating the trunk visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio [V / S] (10) The visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio [V / S] is calculated based on the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue [AFS] from Equation 12 and the visceral fat tissue from Equation 11 It can be obtained from the quantity [AFV].
V / S = AFV / AFS Equation 13

7). Concept of internal organ tissue abnormality judgment by trunk (middle) impedance (11) Trunk impedance Ztm necessary for visceral adipose tissue mass estimation is also a part that varies greatly due to breathing and eating and drinking, stability and Measurement of highly reliable information is required. Therefore, highly reliable impedance information of the trunk can be secured by applying the following processing. In addition, it is possible to determine a tissue abnormality of the trunk from the viewpoint as information related to the disturbance of the body fluid distribution of the trunk.

(12) Removal of influence of fluctuation due to respiration (a) The impedance of the trunk is measured at a sampling cycle shorter than 1/2 of a general respiration cycle time.
(B) A smoothing process such as moving average is performed on the measurement data for each sampling.
(C) From the time series data after processing, the periodicity of respiration and the maximum and minimum values for each cycle are detected.
(D) A maximum value and a minimum value for each period are averaged separately.
(E) The average value of the maximum value and the minimum value is averaged, and the median value of respiration is calculated.
(F) When the median respiration for each respiratory cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times, it is determined that the median respiration is confirmed, and the determined impedance value is registered as the impedance value of the trunk. And complete the measurement.

(13) Abnormal value determination processing due to eating and drinking and water retention (such as urine) in the bladder (a) As for the impedance of the trunk, 26.7 ± 4.8Ω (mean ± SD) is a general value of the group.
(B) On the other hand, the value at the time of constipation and urinary bladder retention and fullness of food and drink in the stomach exceeds the range of mean ± 3SD.
(C) Therefore, when a measured value exceeding 3SD is obtained, the subject is informed of the possibility of effects such as eating and drinking and bladder and urine, and is encouraged to hope for the measurement in the best environment. However, in a subject whose skeletal muscle tissue layer development and internal organ tissue are different from the standard size without actually having these effects, proceed so that the measurement can be continued.
(D) Further, as a method for increasing the measurement sensitivity, the specified values are subdivided according to sex, weight, and height. Alternatively, the specified value is defined as a unit-specific value divided by weight or divided by height.

  Next, based on the measurement principle of the present invention as described above, an embodiment of a trunk visceral fat measurement method and apparatus according to the present invention and a health guide advice device using measurement information will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an appearance of an embodiment of a trunk visceral fat measuring device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a method for using the same, and FIG. 3 is included in the trunk visceral fat measuring device according to the present invention. FIG.

  The trunk visceral fat measuring device 1 of the present invention includes a main body part 11, a grip electrode part 130 directly connected to the main body part 11, and a grip electrode part 140 connected to the main body part 11 via a band 120. . As shown in FIG. 2, the grip electrode portions 130 and 140 are used by holding the grip electrode portions 130 and 140 in each hand and pressing them on the measurement site of the subject, for example, the abdomen.

  On the front surface of the main body 11, an operation display panel 5 having an operation unit 51 and a display unit 52, an alarm buzzer 22, and the like are provided. As is apparent from FIG. A control unit 21, a power supply unit 18, a storage unit (memory) 4, an impedance measurement unit, and the like are provided.

  The operation unit 51 can be used for inputting body specifying information including height, weight, and the like, and the operation display panel 5 displays various results, advice information, and the like through the display unit 52. The operation display panel 5 may be formed as a touch panel type liquid crystal display in which the operation unit 51 and the display unit 52 are integrated.

  The calculation / control unit 21 calculates the amount of body skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area based on the body identification information (weight, etc.) input from the operation unit 51, the measured impedance, and the equations 1 to 13. Calculate trunk trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance, visceral fat tissue impedance, visceral fat tissue volume, internal organ tissue volume, internal organ tissue impedance, subcutaneous fat tissue volume, trunk visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio, etc. The process of removing the influence of the above, processing of internal organ tissue abnormality determination, and other various input / output, measurement, calculation and the like are performed.

  The power supply unit 18 supplies power to each part of the electrical system of the present apparatus. The storage unit 4 stores body identification information such as height, trunk length, trunk manager, etc., the above formulas 1 to 13, and the like, as well as appropriate messages for health guide advice as described later. To do.

  The impedance measurement unit includes a plurality of current application electrodes 13 for applying current to the measurement site of the subject, a plurality of voltage measurement electrodes 14 for measuring a potential difference at the measurement site of the subject, and a current for supplying current to the current application electrode 13. A voltage for selecting an arbitrary electrode from the source 12, a current applying electrode selector 20 a for selecting an arbitrary electrode and a plurality of current sources 12 from the plurality of current applying electrodes 13, and a plurality of voltage measuring electrodes 14. A measurement electrode selection unit 20b, a differential amplifier 23 that amplifies the potential difference measured by the voltage measurement electrode 14, a bandpass filter (BPF) 24 for filtering, a detection unit 25, an amplifier 26, and an A / D converter 27 Etc. are included.

  The current application electrode 13 and the voltage measurement electrode 14 are provided on the contact surfaces of the grip electrode portions 130 and 140. For example, the current application electrode 13 is provided below the contact surface of the grip electrode part 140 and above the contact surface of the grip electrode part 130, and the voltage measurement electrode 14 is provided above the contact surface of the grip electrode part 140 and the grip electrode. Provided below the contact surface of the portion 130. In addition, the arrangement | positioning and number of electrodes are determined according to a use aspect, and are not specifically limited.

  The current application electrode 13 and the voltage measurement electrode 14 may be realized by performing metal plating on the surface of the SUS material and the resin material. This type of electrode is used by coating a water-retaining polymer film on the surface of a metal electrode to wipe off moisture before measurement or wet it with water. By soaking in water, the stability of the electrical contact with the skin can be ensured. Further, although not particularly shown, it is possible to use an adhesive-attached electrode. This is a type in which a replaceable adhesive pad is attached to the base electrode surface of each electrode to ensure contact stability with the skin. This type is often used in, for example, low-frequency treatment devices and electrocardiogram electrodes, etc., and a disposable form that is removed and discarded after measurement, and the pad surface is dirty, resulting in decreased adhesion and moisture evaporation In some cases, the waste is replaced only when it is stored, and is stored in a cover sheet or the like until it is discarded.

  The current application electrode selection unit 20 a is connected between the current application electrode 13 and the current source 12, and the voltage measurement electrode selection unit 20 b is connected between the voltage measurement electrode 14 and the differential amplifier 23.

  In order to explain the principle of the present invention, an electrical equivalent circuit model is introduced. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the trunk abdomen which is the basis of this equivalent circuit. From the viewpoint of electrical characteristics, the trunk is composed of subcutaneous fat tissue layer (FS), skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM), internal organ tissue (VM), and visceral adipose tissue (FV) adhering to the gap. Can be divided into

  FIG. 5 is a diagram in which the schematic diagram of the trunk shown in FIG. 4 is modeled in the abdominal circumference cross section at the umbilical height. As shown in this figure, the trunk cross section includes the outermost subcutaneous adipose tissue layer (FS), the skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM) just inside, and the inner organ tissue (VM) inside. It includes visceral adipose tissue (FV) surrounding it.

  FIG. 6 shows the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 5 as an electrical equivalent circuit. Here, as an example, current (I) is applied by the current application electrode 13 in the vicinity of the front and rear of the navel, and the voltage (V) is measured by the voltage measurement electrode 14 disposed in the vicinity thereof. In the case of an equivalent circuit, the electrical resistance is mainly determined by the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layers around the umbilicus (ZFS1, ZFS2), the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layers around the abdomen (ZFS0), and the skeleton on the left and right sides of the navel It appears as the impedance of the muscle tissue layer (ZMM1, ZMM2), the impedance of the visceral adipose tissue near the umbilicus (ZFV1, ZFV2), and the impedance of the internal organ tissue (ZVM) near the center of the trunk.

  FIG. 7 shows a circuit obtained by further simplifying FIG. Since ZFS1 and ZFS2 are considered to have substantially the same size, they are collectively represented as ZFS here, and ZMM1 and ZMM2 or ZFV1 and ZFV2 are represented as ZMM and ZFV, respectively. In addition, ZFS0, which is considered to be significantly lower in conductivity than other regions, is omitted. The point where this can be omitted will be apparent from the description in the previous section “1. Modeling an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk tissue” (1).

  Next, the relationship between the interelectrode distance and the spreading resistance in the four-electrode method will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the distance between the electrodes and the spreading resistance. In the figure, a portion 30 surrounded by a round dotted line is a spreading resistance region. The current from the current application electrode gradually spreads in the subject's body after application, but in the region immediately after application, that is, in the spreading resistance region, it does not spread so much. The density will be very high compared to other areas. Therefore, when the current application electrode 13 and the voltage measurement electrode 14 are arranged too close to each other, the voltage measured at the voltage measurement electrode 14 spreads and is greatly affected by the current in the resistance region.

For example, as is apparent from Equation 2 described above, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer (ZFS) near the umbilicus, the impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layer (ZMM), the impedance of the visceral fat tissue (ZFV), and the center of the trunk Between the impedance (ZVM) of nearby internal organ tissues,
ZFS >> (ZVM + ZFV) >> ZMM ... Formula 2
There is a relationship.
Therefore, the potential difference measurement impedance ΣZ1 when arranged close to each other with almost no distance between the IV electrodes is as follows:
ΣZ1 = 2 * ZFS + ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) ≈2 * ZFS
It becomes. As is clear from this, ZFS is amplified several times under the influence of spreading resistance, and information by ZFS is dominant here.

In order to reduce the influence of the spreading resistance, it is necessary to increase the distance between the current application electrode and the voltage measurement electrode. For example, the potential difference measurement impedance ΣZ2 when the distance between the IV electrodes is secured to about 10 cm is
ΣZ2≈2 * ZFS + ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV)
It becomes. By increasing the distance between the IV electrodes, the influence of the spreading resistance is somewhat reduced. However, the ZFS information is still dominant only by separating the distance.

In order to further reduce the influence of spreading resistance, as shown in FIG. 9, consider a case where the distance between the IV electrodes and the VV electrodes is about 10 cm so that the distance between them is about 1/3. . The potential difference measurement impedance ΣZ3 in this case is
ΣZ3≈2 * ZFS + ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV).
At this time, the relationship of the voltage drop measured between the electrodes is approximately as follows.
V1 = I * ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV)
V2 = V3 = I * 2 * ZFS
V1: (V2 + V3) ≈1-2: 10-20 = S: N
Here, S 1-2 and N 10-20 variation are due to individual differences in the thickness of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer and the development of the skeletal muscle tissue layer. As can be seen from this result, it is difficult to say that a sufficient S / N can be secured even if the distance between the electrodes is adjusted.

In addition, since most of the current is predominantly energized in the skeletal muscle tissue layer, it is not possible to sufficiently secure energization sensitivity to the composite tissue layer of internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue. That is, if the current flowing in the skeletal muscle tissue layer is I1, and the current flowing in the internal organ tissue and visceral fat tissue to be measured is I2,
V1 = I * ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) = I1 * ZMM = I2 * (ZVM + ZFV)
I = I1 + I2
And therefore
ZMM: (ZVM + ZFV) = I2: I1≈1: 2-5
It becomes. As is clear from this, even if the influence of spreading resistance can be eliminated, the current flowing through the skeletal muscle tissue layer reaches 2-5 times the current flowing through the internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue. The S / N characteristic is further deteriorated. In this way, in a thick and short measurement site such as the trunk, even if the inter-electrode distance is adjusted, the upper limit is determined by the distance between the current electrodes, so there is a limit to the improvement of the S / N characteristics. .

  Therefore, according to the present invention, by using the skeletal muscle (stratus abdominis) tissue layer as a virtual electrode layer, the current conduction amount is increased in the internal organ tissue and the visceral fat tissue inside the skeletal muscle tissue layer, and the visceral fat In addition to ensuring measurement sensitivity to the tissue, the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer itself is also measured. 10 to 12 show an electrode arrangement method in measurement of a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer using a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer virtual electrode according to the present invention. FIG. 10 shows the actual structure of the trunk abdomen from the front side and the back side, and FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating FIG. 10 as an equivalent circuit.

  As shown in FIG. 10, in the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer 30, muscle fibers are regularly arranged along the trunk longitudinal direction, and a highly sensitive frequency current is passed along the trunk length to muscle fibers near 50 KHz. If it does, it will become a conductive guide by which an electric current is mainly induced | guided | derived to a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. The other external oblique muscle tissue layer 31 has muscle fibers running obliquely and is less electrically conductive than the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer 30.

  In particular, in the longitudinal direction of the trunk, in the section in which the trunk is energized diagonally between the dovetail and the back waist, the external oblique muscle tissue layer 31 is arranged so that the fiber direction is perpendicular to the energization direction, Since it has the highest volume resistivity, its function as an energizing guide is low.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the structure of the trunk abdomen consists of a subcutaneous fat tissue layer (FS), a skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM), a visceral fat tissue (FV), and an internal organ tissue (VM) from the outside to the inside. Represented as a layered structure of tissue. This is as shown in FIG. The skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM) is divided into a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer (MM1) and a skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM2) diagonally extending to the muscle fibers other than the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer.

The electrical characteristics between tissues are determined by the volume resistivity ρ [Ωm], and the tissues of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer (MM1) and the skeletal muscle tissue layer (MM2) diagonally muscle fiber other than the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer In consideration of the electrical characteristic values of the tissue, the electrical characteristic values of the tissues described in “1. Modeling the electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk tissue” are generally described in the following relationship.
ρMM1 << ρ (VM + FV) << ρFS
ρVM << ρFV
ρMM1 <ρMM2
ρMM2 = ρVM or ρMM2 <ρVM
ρFV = ρFS or ρFV <FS
here,
Volume resistivity of subcutaneous adipose tissue layer: ρFS
Volume resistivity of composite tissue layer of internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue: ρ (VM + FV)
Volume resistivity of rectus abdominis muscle layer in skeletal muscle tissue layer: ρMM1
Volume resistivity of skeletal muscle tissue layer with oblique muscle fiber orientation other than skeletal muscle tissue layer: ρMM2
Therefore, when replaced with impedance information, the above equation 2 is expressed as follows.
ZFS >> Z (VM + FV) >>ZMM2> ZMM1 Equation 14
It becomes.
here,
Impedance of subcutaneous adipose tissue layer: ZFS
Impedance of rectus abdominis muscle layer in skeletal muscle tissue layer: ZMM1
Impedance of skeletal muscle tissue layer with diagonally oriented muscle fibers other than skeletal muscle tissue layer: ZMM2
Impedance of the composite tissue layer of internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue: Z (VM + FV) = ZVM + ZFV

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, one current application electrode 33 is arranged near the upper upper end of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer at the lower trunk side of the trunk, and the other current application electrode 34 is arranged at the lower back waist. ing. One electrode 36 of the voltage measurement electrode pair for visceral adipose tissue measurement is placed apart until the influence of spreading resistance in the vicinity of the current application electrode can be ignored. The other electrode 37 is arranged near the circumference of the umbilical cord on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer in order to remove the series impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. Further, one electrode 38 of the voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is disposed on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer so as to be separated from the current application electrode 33 until the influence of the spreading resistance in the vicinity of the current application electrode can be ignored. . The other electrode 37 is shared with the voltage measurement electrode for visceral adipose tissue measurement. This voltage measurement electrode 37 for measuring the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer can be placed on the umbilicus or the lower umbilicus or in a position including the umbilicus with reference to the position of the umbilicus A from the middle part of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer It is.

When a current I is applied between the electrode 33 and the electrode 34, the current flows along a path as indicated by a broken line in FIGS. Therefore, the potential V1 measured by the electrodes 36 and 37 is a visceral adipose tissue measurement potential, and the measurement range of V1 is indicated by S1. The potential V2 measured by the electrodes 37 and 38 is a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement potential, and the measurement range of V2 is indicated by S2. The current-applying electrode position selected here has a very thin subcutaneous adipose tissue layer on both the front-side dovetail lower part and the back-side lower waist part. Just fine. Therefore, the following impedance is obtained from I, V1, and V2.
Ztm ＝ V1 / I ＝ ZMM2 /／ (ZVM + ZFV)
ZMM1 ＝ V2 / I

Here, Ztm is the combined impedance of the trunk abdomen captured by the voltage measurement electrodes 36 and 37, and when ZMM = ZMM2,
Ztm = ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV)
Which is the same as in Equation 4 above. Therefore, the amount of visceral adipose tissue can be measured by the method described above.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer can use a two-frequency measurement value. This is because the measurement of the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is performed with an applied current having a frequency f1 with high sensitivity to the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer, and the bioimpedance of the trunk is measured at a frequency higher than f1. This is performed by an applied current having a frequency f2 that is hardly affected by the fibers.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the surface-side current application electrode 33 can be arranged in the upper part of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer 30 up to the upper part of the second stage divided into six sections by the tendon 40. In this case, an electrode width that spans both the right and left rectus abdominis muscle layers sandwiching the white line 41 is secured. The position of the back side current application electrode 34 can be arranged in the range from the position (height) of the umbilicus A to the connected aponeurosis between the left and right gluteus medius 42. In FIG. 13, S3 and S4 indicate the allowable range of the current application electrode arrangement of the electrodes 33 and 34.

  Moreover, as a position of the surface side voltage measurement electrode 37, as shown in FIG. 14, on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer, it is possible to arrange from slightly above the umbilicus position to below the umbilicus position. The connected aponeurosis part of the external oblique muscle layer and the rectus abdominis muscle layer is also an allowable range in the vicinity of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. The position of the back side voltage measuring electrode 36 can be arranged in the range from the current applied voltage to the abdominal side at the joint aponeurosis part of the latissimus dorsi muscle 43 and the gluteal muscle 42 while ensuring the distance of the influence of the resistance spreading from the applied voltage. It is. In FIG. 14, S5 and S6 indicate the allowable range of the voltage measurement electrode arrangement of the electrodes 37 and 36.

  According to the present invention, the measurement technique of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can be combined with the measurement technique of the visceral fat tissue and rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer as described above. Such a combination of measurement techniques will be described below.

  FIGS. 15 to 18 show a combination electrode arrangement example or an electrode arrangement positioning method for measurement of visceral adipose tissue, rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer and subcutaneous adipose tissue layer according to the present invention. The right side is a diagram of the front side of the abdomen viewed from the subject's navel A, and the left side is a diagram of the back side of the subject.

(i) Visible electrode arrangement of visceral adipose tissue, rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer and subcutaneous adipose tissue layer In FIG. 15, reference numerals 53 to 55 denote current application electrodes, and reference numerals 56 to 59 denote voltage measurement electrodes. The electrodes 53, 54, 56, 57 and 58 correspond to 33, 34, 37, 38 and 36 in FIG. 10, and their arrangement is the same as in FIG. The electrode 56 can be arranged on the umbilicus or the lower umbilicus, or at a position including the umbilicus with reference to the position of the umbilicus A below the middle part of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. S <b> 7 indicates an allowable range in the arrangement of the electrodes 56.

  The electrodes 54 and 55 are electrodes constituting a current applying electrode pair for measuring subcutaneous fat tissue layer tissue, and the electrodes 58 and 59 are electrodes constituting a voltage measuring electrode pair for measuring subcutaneous fat tissue layer. The electrode 59 is disposed near the current application electrode 55 at a position where the influence of the spreading resistance immediately below the current application electrode is dominant, and the electrode 58 has a spreading resistance immediately below the current application electrode with respect to the current application electrode 54. It is placed away until the impact is reduced. V1 is a visceral adipose tissue measurement potential by the applied current I, V2 is a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement potential by the applied current I, and V3 is a subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential by the applied current I3 (in particular, the positions of the electrodes 55 and 59). Taking into account the back waist side subcutaneous adipose tissue layer measurement potential).

(ii) Measurement Electrode Arrangement Shared with Voltage Measurement Electrode In FIG. 16, reference numerals 60 to 62 denote current application electrodes, and 63 to 65 denote voltage measurement electrodes. FIG. 16 is the same as FIG. 15 in the arrangement of the visceral adipose tissue measurement electrode and the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement electrode, and only the electrode arrangement for the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement is different. The electrodes 60 and 62 are electrodes constituting a current applying electrode pair for subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement, and the electrodes 63 and 64 are electrodes constituting a voltage measurement electrode pair for subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement. The electrodes 63 and 64 also serve as electrodes for measuring the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. These voltage measurement electrodes are arranged in the above-described relationship with the applied current electrode in consideration of the influence of the spreading resistance directly under the current applied electrode. V1 is a visceral fat tissue measurement potential by the applied current I, V2 is a rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement potential by the applied current I, and V3 is a subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential by the applied current I2 (particularly, the positions of the electrodes 63 and 64). Taking into consideration the umbilical position near the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement potential) is shown respectively.

(iii) Measurement Electrode Arrangement Using Tendon Drawing or Umbilical Position for Positioning Electrode In FIG. 17, reference numerals 70 to 71 denote current application electrodes, and reference numerals 72 to 74 denote voltage measurement electrodes. FIG. 17 shows a positioning method when arranging the voltage measurement electrode for measuring the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. It is set as the paste mark position. The rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the trunk, and is divided into upper, middle, and lower parts (the umbilicus is present) by tendon drawings (tendon parts). Used as a reference position. When the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement electrode 74 is disposed, the umbilical portion is set as an electrode attachment mark position. That is, it arrange | positions in the position on the umbilicus or the lower umbilicus, or the position including the umbilical part on the basis of the position of the umbilicus A below the middle part of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. If the concave portion of the umbilicus has a length that allows the voltage measurement electrode to be partly secured, it can be considered as an allowable range as a measurement area. V1 indicates the visceral fat tissue measurement potential by the applied current I, and V2 indicates the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement potential by the applied current I.

(iv) Measurement electrode arrangement using either right or left half of rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer for measurement In FIG. 18, 80 to 82 indicate current application electrodes, and 83 to 86 indicate voltage measurement electrodes. FIG. 18 is the same as FIG. 15 in the arrangement of the visceral adipose tissue measurement electrode and the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer measurement electrode, and only the electrode arrangement for the subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement is different. The electrodes 80 and 82 are electrodes constituting a current applying electrode pair for subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement, and the electrodes 84 and 85 are electrodes constituting a voltage measurement electrode pair for subcutaneous fat tissue layer measurement. These voltage measurement electrodes are arranged in the above-described relationship with the applied current electrode in consideration of the influence of the spreading resistance directly under the current applied electrode. The current application electrode 82 and the voltage measurement electrode 85 are disposed on the left half side of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. Since the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer is separated left and right by a white line (see FIG. 13), only the left or right divided by the white line can be the target of measurement and energization guide. Therefore, the length of the electrode is also smaller than other electrodes. In FIG. 18, it is arranged in the left half, but it can also be arranged in the right half. On the other hand, the current application electrode 80 and the voltage measurement electrodes 83 and 84 arranged on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer both straddle the white line so as to contribute equally to the conduction and measurement to the left and right rectus abdominis muscle tissue layers. Have a measurable length.

  Next, referring to the basic flowchart shown in FIG. 19 and the subroutine flowcharts shown in FIGS. 20 to 25, the trunk visceral fat measuring device in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS. 15 to 18. The operation and operation will be described.

  In the basic flowchart shown in FIG. 19, first, when a power switch (not shown) in the operation unit 51 is turned on, power is supplied from the power supply unit 18 to each part of the electrical system, and the display unit 52 includes the height and the like. A screen for inputting body specifying information (height, weight, sex, age, etc.) is displayed (step S1).

  Subsequently, according to this screen, the user inputs height, weight, sex, age, and the like from the operation unit 51 (step S2). In this case, the body weight may be input from the operation unit 51. However, data measured by a body weight measuring device (not shown) connected to the main body unit 11 is automatically input, and calculation / control is performed. The body eye identification information (weight) may be calculated by the unit 21. These input values are stored in the storage unit 4.

  Next, in step S3, it is determined whether or not morphometric measurement actual values such as trunk length and abdominal circumference length are input. If these morphometric measurement actual values are input, morphometric measurement is performed in step S4. The actual values such as the trunk length and the waist circumference are input from the operation unit 51, and the process proceeds to step S6. If it is determined in step S3 that the morphometric measurement actual value is not input, the process proceeds to step S5. These input values are also stored in the storage unit 4. Similarly, numerical information obtained in the following processing is stored in the storage unit 4.

  In step S <b> 5, the calculation / control unit 21 estimates the middle trunk length, the abdominal circumference length, and the like from the body specifying information such as the height, weight, sex, and age stored in the storage unit 4 ( For example, a calibration curve created from a human body information database is used).

  Subsequently, in step S6, the impedance measurement unit performs trunk impedance (Zx) measurement processing. In this trunk impedance measurement process, the trunk middle impedance (Ztm), rectus abdominis muscle layer impedance (Zmm1), and subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (ZFS) are measured. This trunk impedance measurement process will be described later with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  Next, in step S7, the calculation / control unit 21 performs trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance (ZMM) estimation processing. This ZMM is performed based on the above-described equation 5 using the height H stored in the storage unit 4 and the Zmm1 measured in step S6.

  Next, in step S8, the calculation / control unit 21 performs an estimation process of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area (AMM). This calculation process is performed based on the above-described Expression 6 using, for example, the height H, the weight W, the age Age stored in the storage unit 4 and the ZMM obtained in the above step.

  Next, in step 9, the calculation / control unit 21 performs an estimation process of the subcutaneous fat tissue mass (AFS). Step 9 will be described in detail later with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  In step S10, the calculation / control unit 21 performs an internal organ tissue amount (AVM) and internal organ tissue impedance (ZVM) estimation process. Step 10 will be described in detail later with reference to the subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  In step S11, the calculation / control unit 21 performs a visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV) and visceral fat tissue amount (AFV) estimation process. Step 11 will be described in detail later with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  Next, in step S12, the calculation / control unit 21 performs a calculation process of the visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio (V / S). This process is performed according to the above-described equation 13 stored in the storage unit 4.

Next, in step S <b> 13, the calculation / control unit 21 performs a physique index (BMI) calculation process. This calculation process can be calculated from the weight W and the height H stored in the storage unit 4 by the following formula.
BMI = W / H ²

Furthermore, in step S14, the calculation / control unit 21 performs a calculation process of the trunk body fat percentage (% Fatt). This calculation processing is performed from the subcutaneous fat tissue volume (AFS), the visceral fat tissue volume (AFV), the trunk skeletal muscle tissue cross-sectional area volume (AMM), and the internal organ tissue volume (AVM) stored in the storage unit 4. It is calculated by the following formula.
% Fatt = (AFS + AFV) / [(AFS + AFV) + AMM + AVM] * 100

Next, in step S15, the calculation / control unit 21 performs a calculation process of the visceral fat rate (% VFat). This processing is performed by the following equation from the trunk body fat percentage (% Fatt) and the visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio (V / S) calculated by the above-described arithmetic processing and stored in the storage unit 4.
% VFat =% Fatt * (V / S) / [(V / S) +1]

  Finally, in step S16, the calculation / control unit 21 calculates the visceral fat tissue information (AFV,% VFat), body composition information (% Fatt, AMM, AFS, AVM) obtained by the calculation process as described above, A display process is performed to display a physique index (BMI), advice guidelines obtained by a process described later, and the like on the display unit 52. Thereby, a series of processes is completed (step S17).

  Next, the subcutaneous fat tissue mass (AFS) estimation processing in step S9 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. This estimation process is performed in step S18 using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equation 12.

  Next, the internal organ tissue quantity (AVM) and internal organ tissue impedance (ZVM) estimation processing in step S10 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, the internal organ tissue amount (AVM) is calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equation 7 in step S19, and the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 in step S20. And using Equation 8 above.

  Next, the visceral adipose tissue impedance (ZFV) and visceral adipose tissue volume (AFV) estimation processing in step S11 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, the visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV) is calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equation 10 in step S21, and the height H stored in the storage unit 4 in step S22. And the visceral fat tissue amount (AFV) is calculated using the calculated visceral fat tissue impedance (ZFV) and the above-described equation 11.

  Next, the trunk impedance (Zx) measurement process in step S6 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. 23 showing the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, the preceding section 7. As described in (12) and (13), the “removal effect removal process due to respiration” and the “abnormal value determination process due to eating and drinking and water retention (urine etc.) in the bladder” are performed. First, in step S23, the calculation / control unit 21 performs initial setting of a counter or the like, for example, initial setting of the number of samples F of measurement data of the trunk impedance Ztm based on an instruction from the operation unit 51 or the like.

Subsequently, in step S24, the calculation / control unit 21 determines whether or not it is a measurement timing. If the measurement timing is determined, in steps S25a to S25c, the calculation / control unit 21 determines the trunk impedance (Ztm), the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (ZFS), and the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer impedance (Zmm1). ) Measuring electrode arrangement setting process, and measuring the trunk impedance (Ztm _x ), subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance (ZFS _x ), and rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer impedance (Zmm1 _x ). In this sub-routine flowchart, according to the example of electrode arrangement as shown in FIG. 15, FIG. 16, or FIG. In this case, the calculation / control unit 21 sequentially performs measurement processing of the measured values (Ztm _x ), (ZFS _x ), and (Zmm1 _x ) of each trunk impedance. . That is, the circuit arrangement as shown in FIG. 15, FIG. 16 or FIG. 18 is performed, and the visceral fat tissue measurement potentials V1 (I), V2 (I), V3 (I2) and V3 (I3) are measured and From the measured values, Ztm _x , ZFS _x and Zmm1 _x are calculated.

  Next, when it is determined in step S24 that it is not the measurement timing, the process proceeds to step S26, and measurement impedance (Zx) data smoothing processing (moving average processing or the like) is performed. Then, in step 27, trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction processing is performed. This correction process will be described later with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG.

  Subsequently, in step S28, the calculation / control unit 21 performs time-series stability confirmation processing of the measurement impedance for each part. This is performed by determining whether or not each value after the trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process in step S27 has converged to a value within a predetermined fluctuation a predetermined number of times.

In step S29, the calculation / control unit 21 determines whether the measured Ztm _x , ZFS _x, and Zmm1 _x satisfy the stability condition. This determination is such that it is determined that the respiration median value is determined when the respiration median value for each respiration cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times. If it is determined in step S29 that the stability condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S30, where the determined impedance value of the median is used as the impedance value of the trunk, and the final stability condition determination value is the measurement result value. Is registered in the storage unit 4 as follows. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S29 that the stability condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step S24 and the same processing is repeated.

  Subsequent to step S30, in step S31, the calculation / control unit 21 performs an abnormal value determination process such as eating and drinking and urinary bladder retention, and in step S32, the alarm buzzer 22 (see FIG. 2) indicates the completion of the measurement. Using a buzzer or the like to notify the user, the measurement is completed. The abnormal value determination process in step 31 will be described later with reference to a subroutine flowchart of FIG.

Next, the trunk impedance measurement data respiration variation correction process in step S27 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. First, in step S33, the calculation / control unit 21 performs an inflection point detection process from the time-series data processed in step S27. In step S34, it is determined whether or not it is an inflection point. This is performed by detecting data of polarity change positions of the front and rear derivatives or difference values. When it is determined in step S34 that the point is an inflection point, the process proceeds to step S35, and it is determined whether or not the maximum value is reached. This is a step of distributing the maximum value and the minimum value. When it is not the maximum value, the minimum value determination data moving average process is performed by the following equation stored in the storage unit 4 in step S36.
[Ztm] min _x ← ([Ztm] min _x-1 + [Ztm] min _x ) / 2

When it is determined in step S35 that the maximum value is obtained, in step S37, the maximum value determination data moving averaging process is performed using the following equation stored in the storage unit 4.
[Ztm] max _x ← ([Ztm] max _x-1 + [Ztm] max _x ) / 2

Subsequently, in step S38, it is determined whether the maximum value and minimum value data for one breathing cycle have been secured. If it is determined in step S38 that the data has been secured, in step S39, the respiration fluctuation median value calculation process (average value of maximum value and minimum value data) is calculated using the following formula stored in the storage unit 4. Operation).
Ztm _x ← ([Ztm] max _x + [Ztm] min _x ) / 2

Next, the abnormal value determination processing based on eating and drinking and urinary bladder retention in step S31 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. First, in step S40, the calculation / control unit 21 checks whether the trunk impedance (Ztm) is within the normal allowable range using the following equation stored in the storage unit 4.
Mean-3SD ≦ Ztm ≦ Mean + 3SD
Here, 26.7 ± 4.8 (Mean ± 3SD) can be considered as an example of the allowable value.

  In step S41, it is determined whether the trunk impedance is within an allowable range. When it is determined that the value is not within the allowable range, the process proceeds to step S42, where the arithmetic / control unit 21 performs message notification processing regarding a trunk (abdomen) condition abnormality, and displays appropriate advice on the display unit 52. Etc. are made. As this advice, for example, a notification such as “performing a preparation process such as defecation and urination for abnormal trunk condition” can be considered. Further, when the same determination result is obtained after the preparation process, the measurement can be completed using the abnormal value, and the measurement can be stopped.

  When it is determined within the allowable range in step S41, in step S43, the calculation / control unit 21 performs message notification processing regarding normal condition of the trunk (abdomen) condition, and displays appropriate advice on the display unit 52. Made. As this advice, for example, notification such as “normal trunk condition” can be considered.

  With such operations and operations, according to the present invention, visceral adipose tissue information of the trunk (trunk abdomen) can be obtained, and furthermore, the influence removal process of fluctuation due to breathing, and the moisture in the bladder and the like It is possible to perform abnormality determination processing due to storage (such as urine) and provide advice information accordingly. In the above-described embodiment, the fat percentage is obtained as the trunk visceral fat tissue information. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and by using an appropriate conversion formula, the cross-sectional area amount and the volume amount are obtained. Or weight. Further, in the multi-measurement embodiment of the present invention, an example is described in which electrodes are arranged between the left and right aponeurosis, but the same combination of electrodes can also be implemented in the measurement between the back and the umbilicus. .

It is a schematic perspective view which shows the external appearance of one Example of the trunk visceral fat measuring device by this invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating how the apparatus of FIG. It is a block diagram of the main-body part of the trunk visceral fat measuring device by this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of a trunk abdomen. It is the figure which modeled the schematic diagram of the trunk shown by FIG. 4 in the abdominal circumference cross section in umbilical height. It is the figure which represented the model figure of FIG. 5 as an electrical equivalent circuit. FIG. 7 is a simplified diagram of the circuit of FIG. 6. It is a figure explaining the relationship between the distance between electrodes, and spreading resistance. It is a figure explaining the relationship between the distance between electrodes, and spreading resistance. It is a structural view of the trunk abdomen showing an example of electrode arrangement according to the present invention. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the trunk abdominal part of FIG. It is a figure which shows the electrical equivalent circuit of FIG. It is a structural view of the trunk abdomen showing an example of electrode arrangement according to the present invention. It is a structural view of the trunk abdomen showing an example of electrode arrangement according to the present invention. It is a figure which shows the example of an electrode arrangement | positioning for performing the combination measurement of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of an electrode arrangement | positioning for performing the combination measurement of this invention. It is a figure which shows the electrode positioning method for the electrode arrangement | positioning in the combination measurement of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of an electrode arrangement | positioning for performing the combination measurement of this invention. It is a figure which shows the basic flowchart for the trunk visceral fat tissue measurement by one Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the estimation processing flow of the amount of subcutaneous fat tissues as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an internal organ tissue amount and internal organ tissue impedance estimation processing flow as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. 19. It is a figure which shows the estimation processing flow of the visceral fat tissue impedance and visceral fat tissue amount as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a trunk impedance measurement processing flow as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. 19. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a trunk impedance measurement data respiration variation correction process flow as a subroutine of the trunk impedance measurement process flow of FIG. 23. It is a figure which shows the abnormal value determination processing flow by eating and drinking, urinary bladder urine retention, etc. as a subroutine of the trunk impedance measurement processing flow of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Trunk visceral fat measuring apparatus 5 Operation display panel 11 Main body part 12 Band 13 Current application electrode 14 Voltage measurement electrode 21 Calculation / control part 51 Operation part 52 Display part 130 Grip electrode part 140 Grip electrode part A Umbilical 30 Abdominal rectus muscle tissue Layer 31 External oblique muscle tissue layer 40 Tendon drawing 41 White line 42 Gastrocnemius 43 Greater back muscle S1 V1 measurement range S2 V2 measurement range S3 Current application electrode arrangement allowable range S4 Current application electrode arrangement allowable range S5 Voltage measurement electrode arrangement allowable range S6 Voltage Measurement electrode arrangement allowable range S7 Voltage measurement electrode arrangement allowable range 33, 34, 53, 54, 55 Current application electrode 60, 61, 62, 70, 71, 80, 81, 82 Current application electrode 36, 37, 38, 56, 57, 58 Voltage measurement electrode 63, 64, 65, 72, 73, 74, 83, 84, 85, 86 Voltage measurement electrode

Claims (9)

In the trunk visceral fat measurement method for obtaining the amount of trunk visceral fat tissue using the bioimpedance of the trunk measured using the current application electrode pair and the voltage measurement electrode pair arranged on the trunk, the current application electrode pair along with utilizing the first current supply electrode disposed in trunk abdomen longitudinally elongated rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer as a virtual electrode layer, the second on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer A trunk viscera characterized in that a voltage measurement electrode pair is further arranged to measure the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer, and the trunk visceral adipose tissue amount is determined using the measured impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer Fat measurement method. In the trunk visceral fat measuring device for obtaining the amount of trunk visceral fat tissue using the bioimpedance of the trunk measured using the current applying electrode pair and the voltage measuring electrode pair arranged on the trunk, the current applying electrode pair first current applying electrode is placed on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer extending long in the trunk abdomen longitudinally, a second voltage measurement for measuring the impedance of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer over the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer of A trunk visceral fat measuring device, further comprising an electrode pair. The first voltage measurement electrode of the voltage measurement electrode pair is disposed apart until the influence of the spreading resistance in the vicinity of the second current application electrode of the current application electrode pair can be ignored. Trunk visceral fat measuring device . The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the second current application electrode is disposed on a lower back waist . The second voltage measurement electrode of the voltage measurement electrode pair is disposed on the rectus abdominis rectus muscle tissue layer facing the first voltage measurement electrode, and is disposed apart from the first current application electrode. The trunk visceral fat measuring apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the trunk visceral fat measuring apparatus is characterized. The first current application electrode is disposed near the upper upper end of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer at the lower part of the body surface dovetail, and the second voltage measurement electrode is disposed near the circumference of the umbilical cord on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vicinity of the upper upper part of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer at the lower part of the body surface dovetail is the range of the upper part of the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer to the upper part of the second stage divided into 6 sections by tendon drawings, Is the range from the position (height) of the umbilicus to the connected aponeurosis between the left and right gluteus medius and is separated until the influence of the spreading resistance in the vicinity of the second current application electrode can be ignored. While securing the distance of the influence of spreading resistance from the applied electrode, it is the range from the latissimus dorsi and the gluteal muscle to the ventral side, and the vicinity of the umbilical circumference on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to claim 6, wherein the trunk visceral fat measuring device is in a range from slightly above the umbilicus position to below the umbilicus position on the rectus abdominis muscle tissue layer. A third voltage measurement electrode pair for measuring the impedance of the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer is further disposed, and the first voltage measurement electrode of the third voltage measurement electrode pair is affected by the spreading resistance immediately below the current application electrode. The second voltage measurement electrode of the third voltage measurement electrode pair is arranged at a position close to the dominant current application electrode, and is separated from the current application electrode until the influence of the spreading resistance immediately under the current application electrode is reduced. disposed position, any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that to determine the subcutaneous adipose tissue mass by utilizing the impedance of the third voltage trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer measured by the measuring electrode pair The trunk visceral fat measuring device described in 1. A first current application electrode of the second current application electrode pair is further arranged at a position close to the first voltage measurement electrode of the third voltage measurement electrode pair, and the measurement is performed by the third voltage measurement electrode pair. trunk visceral fat measuring apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the determination of the subcutaneous adipose tissue mass by using the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer.

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