JP4736067B2 - Waste disposal methods in foundries - Google Patents
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- JP4736067B2 JP4736067B2 JP2009017436A JP2009017436A JP4736067B2 JP 4736067 B2 JP4736067 B2 JP 4736067B2 JP 2009017436 A JP2009017436 A JP 2009017436A JP 2009017436 A JP2009017436 A JP 2009017436A JP 4736067 B2 JP4736067 B2 JP 4736067B2
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 12
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Description
本発明は、鋳物を製造する鋳造ラインから発生する廃棄物中に含まれる重金属やハロゲンなどの有害物質を、不溶化処理する廃棄物処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to toxic substances such as heavy metals or halogens contained in waste generated from the casting line for producing a casting, a waste treatment method of insolubilization treatment.
従来、鋳物工場から排出される廃棄物である、こぼれ砂および集塵ダストを含む廃棄砂は、セメント原料および路盤材原料として再利用されてきた。しかしながら、近年の土壌を含めた環境浄化の規制強化により、環境省告示４６号に示される重金属・ハロゲンなどの有害物質が溶出基準値を超えないようにする、有害物質の溶出防止技術のひとつである、不溶化処理をする必要が生じてきた。 Conventionally, waste sand containing spilled sand and dust collection dust, which is waste discharged from a foundry, has been reused as a raw material for cement and a raw material for roadbed materials. However, due to the recent tightening of environmental clean-up regulations including soil, it is one of the toxic substance elution prevention technologies to prevent toxic substances such as heavy metals and halogens shown in Ministry of the Environment Notification No. 46 from exceeding the elution standard value. There has been a need for insolubilization.
不溶化処理に使用する不溶化剤は、多くの種類があるが、その殆どが処理物に対して重量比数パーセント添加して加湿混練する必要がある。この場合、不溶化剤の消費量がランニングコストの殆どを占めることになる。従って、不溶化剤消費量の低減が課題となる（特許文献１参照）。 There are many types of insolubilizers used for the insolubilization treatment, but most of them need to be added to the treated product by several percent by weight and humidified and kneaded. In this case, the consumption of the insolubilizing agent occupies most of the running cost. Therefore, reduction of insolubilizing agent consumption becomes a subject (refer patent document 1).
これまでの鋳物工場においての廃棄物である、こぼれ砂および集塵ダストを含む廃棄砂の不溶化処理は、図３に示すように、工場の各鋳造工程から発生する廃棄砂を１箇所に集約したのち、まとめて不溶化処理するのが通例である。 As shown in FIG. 3, the insolubilization treatment of waste sand including spilled sand and dust collection dust, which has been waste in conventional foundries, aggregates waste sand generated from each casting process of the factory in one place. After that, it is customary to insolubilize them together.
この処理方法では、不溶化処理の対象砂量が膨大となり、不溶化処理のために使用する不溶化剤を多量に必要とするため、ランニングコストが高いという問題がある。 In this treatment method, the amount of sand to be insolubilized becomes enormous, and a large amount of insolubilizing agent used for the insolubilization treatment is required.
本発明は、鋳物工場から発生する廃棄物に含まれるハロゲンなどの有害物質を不溶化処理する工程において、不溶化剤の消費量を低減できる廃棄物処理方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment method capable of reducing consumption of an insolubilizing agent in a step of insolubilizing harmful substances such as halogen contained in waste generated from a foundry.
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明の鋳物工場における廃棄物処理方法は、鋳造ラインの各工程別に発生する廃棄物を各工程別に収集し、収集した各々の廃棄物を不溶化処理することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the waste processing method in the foundry of the present invention collects waste generated in each process of the casting line for each process, and insolubilizes each collected waste. Features.
また、本発明の鋳物工場における廃棄物処理方法は、前記廃棄物が、鋳造ラインからのこぼれ砂および集塵ダストを含む廃棄砂であることを特徴とする。 In the waste disposal method in a foundry according to the present invention, the waste is waste sand containing spilled sand and dust collection dust from a casting line.
さらに本発明の鋳物工場における廃棄物処理方法は、前記化学物質や重金属が、カドミウム、六価クロム、水銀、セレン、鉛、砒素、フッ素、ホウ素等、土壌汚染対策法の第２種特定有害物質であり、そのうちの少なくとも1つを選択したものであることを特徴とする。 Furthermore, the waste disposal method in a foundry according to the present invention includes the above-mentioned chemical substances and heavy metals such as cadmium, hexavalent chromium, mercury, selenium, lead, arsenic, fluorine, boron, etc. And at least one of them is selected.
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明の鋳物工場における鋳造ラインシステムは、鋳造ラインの２ヶ所以上から発生する廃棄物を発生源別に処理する処理手段を有することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a casting line system in a foundry according to the present invention is characterized by having processing means for processing waste generated from two or more locations of the casting line for each source.
本発明によれば、鋳造ラインから発生する廃棄物である、こぼれ砂および集塵ダストを含む廃棄砂に含まれる化学物質や重金属を処理するための廃棄物処理方法及び鋳造ラインシステムにおいて、廃棄物を鋳造ラインの各工程別に収集し、収集した各々の廃棄物を個別に適切な量の不溶化剤により処理することで、１箇所にまとめて実施する従来の方法と比較して、安価なランニングコストでシステムを構築することができる。 According to the present invention, in a waste processing method and a casting line system for processing chemical substances and heavy metals contained in waste sand including spilled sand and dust collection dust, which are waste generated from a casting line, Compared to the conventional method that collects wastes for each process of the casting line and processes each collected waste individually with an appropriate amount of insolubilizer, which is carried out in one place, the running cost is low You can build a system.
以下、本発明を実施するための形態を説明する。
本発明は、鋳物を製造する鋳造ラインから発生する廃棄物に含まれる化学物質や重金属を処理するための廃棄物処理方法であり、鋳造ラインの各工程別に発生する廃棄物を各工程別に収集し、収集した各々の廃棄物を不溶化処理するものである。
Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described.
The present invention is a waste treatment method for treating chemical substances and heavy metals contained in waste generated from a casting line for producing castings. The waste generated in each process of the casting line is collected for each process. The collected waste is insolubilized.
廃棄物は、その汚染度合いにより低濃度汚染、中濃度汚染及び高濃度汚染に分類される。こぼれ砂は、低濃度汚染及び中濃度汚染に区分される。また、鋳造ラインの全ての工程の集塵装置から捕集される集塵ダストは、こぼれ砂に比べ、粒度が小さく細かいために重量あたりの表面積が大きくなり、より多くの化学物質や重金属を保持するため、高濃度汚染に区分される。 Wastes are classified into low-concentration contamination, medium-concentration contamination, and high-concentration contamination according to the degree of contamination. Spilled sand is classified into low and medium level pollution. In addition, dust collected from dust collectors in all processes in the casting line is smaller in size and finer than spilled sand, so it has a larger surface area per weight and retains more chemical substances and heavy metals. Therefore, it is classified as high concentration pollution.
なお、低濃度汚染されたこぼれ砂は、鋳物砂を混練して鋳型造型に使用する鋳物砂を混練して造型機に供給する工程にて発生し、中濃度汚染されたこぼれ砂は、注湯後の枠バラシからバラシ砂を砂処理設備に搬送する工程及び枠バラシによりバラシ砂より分離された砂付き鋳物を表面処理機に搬送する工程にて発生する。 Low concentration contaminated spilled sand is generated in the process of kneading foundry sand and kneading foundry sand used for mold making and supplying it to the molding machine. It occurs in the step of conveying the sand from the subsequent frame ballast to the sand treatment facility and the step of conveying the casting with sand separated from the ballast sand by the frame ballast to the surface treatment machine.
前記こぼれ砂とは、鋳物砂やバラシ砂が搬送されるベルトコンベヤや振動コンベヤなどから溢れたり飛び散ったりして、鋳造ラインの搬送装置外に蓄積した砂をいう。 The spilled sand is sand that has overflowed or scattered from a belt conveyor or vibration conveyor on which casting sand or bulk sand is conveyed and accumulated outside the conveying device of the casting line.
鋳物を製造する鋳造ラインから発生する廃棄物に含まれる化学物質や重金属を不溶化処理するための鋳造ラインの廃棄物処理システムにおいて、鋳造ラインの２ヶ所以上から発生する廃棄物を発生源別に収集する手段としては、各工程の砂や鋳物の搬送コンベヤ下にこぼれ砂を受けるシュート等を設置し、その下方にこぼれ砂の収集用のベルトコンベヤを設置してこぼれ砂を各不溶化処理工程に搬送するものがある。また、その他床面等に蓄積したこぼれ砂については、人力で収集し、各不溶化処理工程に搬送する必要がある。 In a waste line treatment system for insolubilizing chemicals and heavy metals contained in waste generated from a casting line that produces castings, waste generated from two or more locations on the casting line is collected by source. As a means, a chute for receiving spilled sand is installed under the conveyor for sand and casting in each process, and a belt conveyor for collecting spilled sand is installed below it to transport the spilled sand to each insolubilization process. There is something. In addition, spilled sand accumulated on the floor surface and the like must be collected manually and transported to each insolubilization process.
また、集塵ダストについては、集塵装置を発生源ごとに配置することにより、捕集した集塵ダストを各不溶化処理工程に搬送することができる。 Moreover, about dust collection dust, the collected dust collection dust can be conveyed to each insolubilization process process by arrange | positioning a dust collector for every generation source.
本発明である前記鋳物を製造する鋳造ラインから発生する廃棄物に含まれる化学物質や重金属を発生源別に処理する場合の例を以下に示す。
図１に示す鋳造ラインの各鋳造工程の鋳物砂や鋳物の搬送コンベヤ下に廃棄物であるこぼれ砂を受けるシュート等を設置し、ベルトコンベヤ等の搬送手段１で発生源別のこぼれ砂貯槽２まで搬送し、貯留する。また、床面などに蓄積したこぼれ砂は人力で収集し、前記各発生源別のこぼれ砂貯槽２に貯留する。
さらに廃棄物である集塵ダストは各発生源に設置された集塵装置３にて捕集され、搬送手段１で各発生源別の集塵ダスト貯槽４，４に搬送されて貯留する。
An example in which chemical substances and heavy metals contained in waste generated from the casting line for producing the casting according to the present invention are treated according to the generation source will be described below.
A casting sand for each casting process of the casting line shown in FIG. 1 or a chute for receiving spilled sand as waste is installed under the casting conveyor, and a spilled sand storage tank 2 for each source by a conveyor means 1 such as a belt conveyor. Transport to and store. The spilled sand accumulated on the floor surface is collected manually and stored in the spilled sand storage tank 2 for each source.
Furthermore, dust collection dust, which is waste, is collected by a dust collector 3 installed at each generation source, and is transported and stored in the dust collection tanks 4 and 4 for each generation source by the transport means 1.
その後、前記各発生源別に収集し、各貯槽２，４に貯留したこぼれ砂・集塵ダストを各貯槽２，４毎、個別に不溶化処理を行う。 Thereafter, the spilled sand and dust collected in the respective storage tanks 2 and 4 are separately insolubilized for each of the storage tanks 2 and 4.
前記不溶化処理は、混練機へ一定量投入し、不溶化剤および水を加え、混練する。混練機より排出されたこぼれ砂または集塵ダストは不溶化処理砂として廃棄する。 In the insolubilization treatment, a certain amount is charged into a kneader, and an insolubilizing agent and water are added and kneaded. Spilled sand or dust collected from the kneader is discarded as insolubilized sand.
前記こぼれ砂や集塵ダストを各発生源から各貯槽２，４に搬送する搬送手段１は、ベルトコンベヤ、空気輸送、ニーダ、ホッパによる搬送等、その方法は問わない。 The conveying means 1 for conveying the spilled sand and dust collection dust from the respective generation sources to the storage tanks 2 and 4 may be any method such as a belt conveyor, pneumatic transportation, kneader, or hopper.
また、図２は、不溶化剤添加量とフッ素溶出量の関係を示すグラフである。高濃度汚染廃棄物（集塵ダスト）、中濃度汚染廃棄物（こぼれ砂）、低濃度汚染廃棄物（こぼれ砂）及び発生源別に処理しない場合（Ｔｏｔａｌ）の各々の廃棄物に不溶化剤を添加した場合の添加量別のフッ素の溶出量を示している。
なお、グラフ上に示された基準値は、フッ素も含まれる環境省告示４６号に示される重金属・ハロゲンなどの有害物質の溶出基準値（０．８ｍｇ／Ｌ）を示している。
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the insolubilizing agent addition amount and the fluorine elution amount. Add insolubilizer to each of high-concentration contaminated waste (dust collection dust), medium-concentration contaminated waste (spilled sand), low-concentration contaminated waste (spilled sand), and waste that is not treated according to the source (Total) Shows the elution amount of fluorine for each added amount.
In addition, the reference value shown on the graph has shown the elution reference value (0.8 mg / L) of hazardous | toxic substances, such as a heavy metal and a halogen, shown by the Ministry of the Environment notification 46 containing a fluorine.
表１は、鋳物を製造する鋳造ラインから発生する廃棄物に含まれる化学物質や重金属を発生源別に処理しない場合と、発生源別に処理した場合の不溶化剤必要量の一例を示す。 Table 1 shows an example of the amount of insolubilizing agent required when chemical substances and heavy metals contained in waste generated from a casting line for producing castings are not treated for each source and when treated for each source.
まず、発生源別に処理しない場合（Ｔｏｔａｌ）は、表１より、廃棄物であるこぼれ砂及び集塵ダストの合計廃棄量は年間４５００トン、廃棄物から出るフッ素溶出量は７．７ｍｇ／Ｌである。この廃棄物のフッ素溶出量を、前記有害物質の溶出基準値以下にするために添加すべき不溶化剤の添加量は、図２より３．０ｗｔ％となる。また、該廃棄物の不溶化処理に必要な不溶化剤は１３５トンとなる。 First, when not treating by source (Total), according to Table 1, the total amount of waste spilled sand and dust collected is 4500 tons per year, and the fluorine elution amount from waste is 7.7 mg / L. is there. The amount of the insolubilizing agent to be added in order to make the fluorine elution amount of the waste below the elution standard value of the harmful substance is 3.0 wt% from FIG. In addition, the amount of insolubilizer required for the waste insolubilization process is 135 tons.
さらに、発生源別に処理した場合は、表1及び図１より、低濃度汚染・中濃度汚染・高濃度汚染廃棄物であるこぼれ砂、集塵ダストの廃棄量は各々年間１５００トン、廃棄物から出るフッ素溶出量は２、５、１６ｍｇ／Ｌである。この各々の廃棄物のフッ素溶出量を、前記有害物質の溶出基準値以下にするために添加すべき不溶化剤の添加量と必要量は、図２より、
低濃度汚染廃棄物（こぼれ砂）０．９ｗｔ％、１３．５トン、
中濃度汚染廃棄物（こぼれ砂）１．９ｗｔ％、２８．５トン、
高濃度汚染廃棄物（集塵ダスト）４．７ｗｔ％、７０．５トン、
となり、発生源別に処理した場合の廃棄物の不溶化処理に必要な不溶化剤は合計１１３トンとなる。
Furthermore, when processing by source, according to Table 1 and Figure 1, the amount of spilled sand and dust collection dust, which are low-concentration, medium-concentration contamination, and high-concentration contaminated waste, is 1500 tons each year. The amount of elution of fluorine emitted is 2, 5, 16 mg / L. The amount of insolubilizing agent to be added and the necessary amount to make the fluorine elution amount of each waste below the elution standard value of the harmful substances is as shown in FIG.
Low-concentration contaminated waste (spilled sand) 0.9 wt%, 13.5 tons,
Medium-contaminated waste (spilled sand) 1.9 wt%, 28.5 tons,
High-concentration contaminated waste (dust collection dust) 4.7 wt%, 70.5 tons,
Thus, the total amount of insolubilizing agent required for insolubilizing waste when processing by source is 113 tons.
上記の説明から明らかなように、発生源別に処理した場合、発生源別に処理しない場合に比べて不溶化剤必要量を１３５トンから１１３トンに低減することができ、こぼれ砂及び集塵ダストを発生源別に不溶化処理する本発明の効果があることが判る。 As is clear from the above explanation, when treated by source, the required amount of insolubilizer can be reduced from 135 tons to 113 tons compared to the case of not treating by source, generating spilled sand and dust collection dust. It can be seen that there is an effect of the present invention in which insolubilization treatment is performed for each source.
土壌の重金属汚染対策として利用されることが考えられる。土壌を汚染濃度ごとに集積し、不溶化処理を行うことで不溶化剤処理量を低減できると考えられる。 It can be used as a countermeasure against soil heavy metal contamination. It is considered that the amount of insolubilizer treatment can be reduced by accumulating soil for each contamination concentration and performing insolubilization treatment.
１ 搬送手段
２ こぼれ砂貯槽
３ 集塵装置
４ 集塵ダスト貯槽
1 Conveying means 2 Spilled sand storage tank 3 Dust collector 4 Dust collection dust storage tank
Claims (2)
少なくとも、鋳物砂の混練、該混練された鋳物砂の造型機への供給、該造型機による鋳型の造型、該鋳型への注湯、枠バラシ、該枠バラシにより発生したバラシ砂の砂処理設備への搬送、該砂処理設備による前記バラシ砂の砂処理、前記枠バラシにより前記バラシ砂から分離されることで得られた砂付き鋳物の表面処理機への搬送、該表面処理機による前記砂付き鋳物の表面処理を行う鋳造ラインの各工程において発生する廃棄物を、低濃度汚染に区分される前記混練された鋳物砂を前記造型機に供給する工程で発生するこぼれ砂と、中濃度汚染に区分される前記枠バラシにより発生したバラシ砂を前記砂処理設備に搬送する工程、及び前記枠バラシにより前記バラシ砂から分離されることで得られた砂付き鋳物を表面処理機に搬送する工程で発生するこぼれ砂と、高濃度汚染に区分される前記鋳造ラインの全ての各工程の集塵装置から捕集される集塵ダストとに分類して収集し、
分類して収集した前記低濃度汚染、前記中濃度汚染及び前記高濃度汚染の区分に分類された各区分の廃棄物を、それぞれ、不溶化剤及び水を加えて混練することで不溶化処理する鋳物工場における廃棄物処理方法。 A waste processing method for processing chemical substances and heavy metals contained in waste generated from a casting line for producing castings,
At least kneading of foundry sand, supply of the kneaded foundry sand to a molding machine, molding of a mold by the molding machine, pouring of the mold into the mold, frame dispersion, and sand treatment facility for the sand generated by the frame dispersion Transport to the surface, sand processing of the sand sand by the sand processing equipment, transport to the surface processing machine of sand casting obtained by separating from the sand sand by the frame sand, the sand by the surface processing machine Waste generated in each step of the casting line for surface treatment of the cast iron, spilled sand generated in the step of supplying the kneaded foundry sand, which is classified into low concentration contamination, to the molding machine, and medium concentration contamination step of transporting step transports the Balazs sand generated by the frame Balazs in the sand processing equipment segmented, and sand with castings obtained by being separated from the Balazs sand by the frame Balazs in the surface treatment machine And spill sand generated, collected and classified into the collected dust to be collected from the dust collecting apparatus of any of the steps of the casting line to be divided into highly contaminated,
Foundry that insolubilizes the wastes classified into the low-concentration contamination, the medium-concentration contamination, and the high-concentration contamination, which have been classified and collected, by kneading them with an insolubilizing agent and water, respectively. Waste disposal method in Japan.
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