JP4731310B2 - Manufacturing method of resin kneaded material - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a resin kneaded product using an open roll kneading apparatus.

  A resin composition for a toner such as a copying machine is produced by kneading a binder resin, a colorant and a wax. In general, an open roll kneading apparatus is used for the production of the resin composition for toner.

  As such an open roll type kneading apparatus, Patent Document 1 discloses that front and rear rolls in which helical linear grooves are formed on the outer peripheral surface are juxtaposed in a horizontal state so that they can rotate in opposite directions, and the shafts of both rolls are arranged. A kneading apparatus that feeds a material to be kneaded to one end in the direction and moves it to the other end while kneading between both rolls, with the lower side of the front roll from below the rear roll to one end side in the axial direction of both rolls An endless wide belt (conveying belt) that passes in pressure contact and forms a trajectory from there to the upper side of the front roll is stretched so as to be able to travel integrally with the rotation of the front roll, and the belt adhering material is placed above the front roll. What provided the scraping blade which scrapes off is disclosed. And according to this, after throwing the material to be kneaded to the material supply side of the front and rear rolls, even if a part of it falls from the gap between the rolls, it can be recharged to the material supply side, Are listed.

Further, as a method for producing a toner, Patent Document 2 discloses a composition containing a binder resin, a colorant, and a wax, wherein the content of the wax is 3 to 20 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. Using an open roll type continuous kneader having heating and cooling functions for the composition in parts by weight, the temperature of the kneaded product during melt kneading is Tm-20 ° C to Tm + 20 ° C (where Tm is the melting of the binder resin) It is disclosed that melt kneading is performed under the condition of (temperature). According to this, it is described that a toner having excellent wax dispersibility can be produced.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-31320 JP 2000-75548 A

  In kneading of a kneaded material using an open roll type kneader, the resin kneaded material is wound around one roll while kneading the kneaded material supplied from one end in the roll length direction by melting the resin component between the rolls. Continue to the other end in the roll length direction. Further, the fallen material that has fallen from between the rolls without being wound around the rolls is received by the transport belt and transported to be re-supplied between the rolls to forcibly wind the resin kneaded material around the rolls. Furthermore, in addition to that, the resin kneaded material is restricted from being sent to one end side in the roll length direction by a weir plate provided on the upper side of the roll length direction one end side.

  However, when the supply amount of the kneaded material per unit time is increased, the phenomenon that a part of the resin kneaded material sent to one end side in the roll length direction peels off from the roll before coming into contact with the weir plate becomes remarkable. , There is a problem that the yield is reduced as a loss.

  This invention is made | formed in view of this point, The place made into the objective is to provide the manufacturing method of the resin kneaded material which suppresses the fall of the yield by peeling from the roll of the resin kneaded material.

The present invention that achieves the above-described object is achieved by the present invention from above on one end side in the roll length direction of a pair of rolls that rotate inward from top to bottom, which are arranged substantially horizontally at a predetermined interval. A kneading material based on a resin is continuously supplied between them, and the kneaded material is kneaded between the pair of rolls, and the resin kneaded material is wound around one of the pair of rolls to obtain a roll length. Continuously sent to the other end in the direction and collected,
In addition, the transport belt provided to cover at least the material supply part of the pair of rolls and run in the direction perpendicular to the roll length direction receives and transports the dropped material dropped from between the pair of rolls, Re-feed between the pair of rolls;
Furthermore, the resin kneaded material is formed into a roll length by a dam plate formed so as to be inserted between them from the upper side of one end side in the roll length direction of the pair of rolls and formed along the outline of the pair of rolls. A method for producing a resin kneaded product that regulates being sent to one end in the vertical direction,
The kneaded material contact surface of the weir plate is positioned on the transport belt.

  According to the present invention, since the kneaded material contact surface of the barrier plate is positioned on the conveyance belt, a part of the resin kneaded material sent to one end side in the roll length direction is peeled off from the roll before contacting the barrier plate. Even if it is received by the conveyor belt, it is conveyed and re-supplied between the pair of rolls. Therefore, even if the resin kneaded material sent to the one end side in the roll length direction is peeled off, it does not become a loss, and a decrease in yield can be suppressed.

  Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(Kneading equipment)
1-3 show the open roll type kneading apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment.

  The kneading apparatus 10 includes a pair of front rolls 11 and a back roll 12 that are arranged substantially horizontally at a predetermined interval.

  Each of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 is generally made of metal, and for example, the roll outer diameter of the roll body is 200 to 500 mm, and the roll length is 4 to 7 times the roll outer diameter. Yes. Each of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 may have a roll surface formed flat, or may have a lot of helical teeth-like linear grooves.

  Each of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 is supported so that the shaft portions at both ends of the roll body can be rotated by bearings, and a drive motor is attached to the shaft portion at one end. The drive motor is connected to a control unit, and the rotation direction and the number of rotations of the front roll 11 or the back roll 12 can be freely set by operating the control unit. Further, each of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 has both bearings movable in the front-rear direction, and the clearance between the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 can be freely set by positioning the bearings. It can be done. Further, each of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 is provided with temperature setting means by circulating a heat medium or a refrigerant. The temperature setting means is connected to the control unit, and the temperature of the roll surface can be freely set by operating the control unit.

  The kneading apparatus 10 includes a kneading material supply unit 13 provided above one end side in the roll length direction of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12.

  In the kneaded material supply unit 13, the material supply port 13a is positioned between the rolls of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12, and the length from the roll end to the open end is, for example, the length from the roll end to the roll end. 0 to 0.3 times the height. The kneaded material supply unit 13 can continuously supply the kneaded material 21 put into the hopper between the rolls of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 from the material supply port 13a.

  The kneading apparatus 10 includes a belt conveyance unit 14 provided on one end side in the roll length direction of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12.

  The belt conveyance unit 14 includes first to third shafts 15 a to 15 c that are provided so as to be rotatable in the direction in which the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 extend, and an endless wide conveyance belt wound around them. 16.

  The first to third shafts 15a to 15c are made of, for example, metal rods, the first shaft 15a is obliquely below the front roll 11, the second shaft 15b is the rear of the first shaft 15a, and the back roll. 12 and the third shaft 15c are provided above the front roll 11, respectively.

  The conveyor belt 16 is a flat belt made of an elastomer such as rubber, and has a belt width of 300 to 1800 mm and a belt thickness of 0.5 to 5 mm, for example. The conveyor belt 16 is wound around the first to third shafts 15a to 15c so that the inner side of the belt is in contact, and the outer side of the belt is in contact between the second shaft 15b and the third shaft 15c. As described above, the belt is wound around the outer periphery of the front roll 11 and travels in the direction perpendicular to the roll length direction as the front roll 11 rotates. The conveyor belt 16 is positioned so as to cover the material supply portions of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12, that is, the material supply port 13 a of the kneaded material supply unit 13 with the belt width, and the other end in the roll length direction. For the side, for example, the length from the opening end of the material supply port 13a to the belt side end is 0.15 to 0.5 times the roll length.

  A force proportional to the belt width is applied to the belt in the direction of resin movement. For this reason, when the belt width is long, it is preferable to appropriately provide a guide so that the belt does not shift in the resin traveling direction. On the other hand, when the belt width is long, a force that hinders the progress of the resin acts on the belt. One belt conveyance unit 14 may be installed in the roll length direction, or a plurality of belt conveyance units 14 may be arranged in parallel. Moreover, the belt conveyance part 14 may have a drive system uniquely.

  The kneading device 10 includes a weir plate 17 provided on one end side in the roll length direction of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12.

  The dam plate 17 is made of, for example, a metal plate material, and the lower portion is formed in a substantially V shape along the outline of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12, and the lower portion is formed between the front roll 11 and the back roll 12. It is inserted between the rolls and is provided with a narrow space along their outlines. Further, the barrier plate 17 is provided so as to be movable by a certain length in the roll length direction.

  The width of the weir plate 17 is preferably 0.3 to 2.0 times the roll outer diameter of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 from the viewpoint of blocking the resin kneaded material 22, and further 0.5 to 1.5 times. preferable.

  Similarly, the height of the barrier plate 17 is preferably 0.2 to 1.0 times the roll outer diameter of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 from the viewpoint of blocking the resin kneaded material 22, and is 0.3 to 0.00. 8 times is more preferable.

  Further, the gap between the barrier plate 17 and the front roll 11 or the back roll 12 is preferably 2 mm or less, and more preferably 1 mm or less from the viewpoint of blocking the resin kneaded material 22. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of avoiding contact between the barrier plate 17 and the front roll 11 or the back roll 12, it is preferably 0.1 mm or more, and more preferably 0.3 mm or more.

  The installation position of the weir plate 17 in the roll length direction is preferably 10 mm or more from the one end side of the conveyance belt 16 from the viewpoint of efficiently collecting the resin kneaded material 22 peeled from the front roll 11 with the conveyance belt 16, and 30 mm or more. Further preferred.

(Method for producing resin kneaded product)
A method for producing the toner kneaded material 24 using the kneading apparatus 10 will be described.

<Preliminary formulation>
First, the kneaded material 21 is preliminarily blended by measuring raw materials such as a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent.

  Examples of the binder resin include polyester resin, styrene-acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, and the like. And 1 type (s) or 2 or more types are used as binder resin. In particular, when a crystalline polyester resin is included in the binder resin, a resin kneaded material 22 that is peeled off from the front roll 11, that is, a falling material 23 is easily generated, and the following effects of the present invention are remarkable. Become.

  As the crystalline polyester, for example, an alcohol component containing 80 mol% or more of an aliphatic diol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms) and 2 to 8 carbon atoms (preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms are more preferable. (4) includes a resin obtained by polycondensation with a carboxylic acid component containing 80 mol% or more of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound of 4). “Crystallinity” in the present application means that the ratio (softening point / peak temperature) between the softening point and the maximum peak temperature of heat of fusion is 0.9 or more and less than 1.1.

  Examples of the colorant include dyes and pigments used as a colorant for toner. For example, carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, permanent brown FG, priestly first scarlet, pigment green B, rhodamine-B base, solvent red 49 Solvent Red 146, Solvent Blue 35, Quinacridone, Carmine 6B, Disazo Yellow and the like. And as a coloring agent, 1 type (s) or 2 or more types are used among these. The blending amount of the colorant is preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass and more preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

  Examples of release agents include natural waxes such as carnauba wax and rice wax, synthetic waxes such as polypropylene wax, polyethylene wax, and Fischer Tropu, coal-based waxes such as montan wax, alcohol-based waxes, ester-based waxes, and the like. It is done. And as a wax, 1 type (s) or 2 or more types are used among these. The blending amount of the wax is preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass and more preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. If the kneading material 21 contains a release agent, a resin kneaded product 22 that is peeled off from the front roll 11, that is, a falling material 23 is easily generated, and the following effects of the present invention become remarkable.

  Other raw materials for the kneading material 21 include charge control agents, fluidity improvers, conductivity modifiers, extender pigments, reinforcing fillers such as fibrous substances, antioxidants, anti-aging agents, cleaning property improvers, etc. These additives may be appropriately added.

<Setting>
Next, the kneading apparatus 10 is set.

  Specifically, the interval between the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 is set. This interval is preferably set to 0.1 to 10 mm, and more preferably set to 0.1 to 3 mm. In addition, the space | interval of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 does not necessarily need to be constant in the roll length direction.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the kneaded material contact surface 17 a of the weir plate 17 is positioned and fixed on the conveyor belt 16.

  Both the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 are rotated inward from top to bottom at a predetermined number of revolutions. The former rotational speed is preferably set to 60 to 100 rpm, and more preferably set to 60 to 80 rpm. The latter rotational speed is preferably set to 20 to 60 rpm, and more preferably set to 40 to 50 rpm. In order to wind the resin kneaded material 22 around the former, the number of revolutions of the front roll 11 / the number of revolutions of the back roll 12 is set to 10/9 to 10/1, and the former number of revolutions is set higher than that of the latter. When the front roll 11 is rotated, the conveyance belt 16 travels in the direction orthogonal to the roll length direction.

  The temperature of each roll surface of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 is set to a predetermined temperature. Although depending on the configuration of the kneaded material 21, the former temperature is preferably set to 100 to 180 ° C, more preferably 100 to 150 ° C. The latter temperature is preferably set to 20 to 95 ° C, more preferably 30 to 85 ° C. In order to wind the resin kneaded material 22 around the former, the former temperature is set higher than the latter.

<Kneading>
Then, the kneading apparatus 10 is operated, the kneading material 21 is put into the hopper, and the kneading material 21 is continuously supplied between the rolls of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 rotating from the material supply port 13a.

  The amount of the kneaded material 21 supplied from the material supply port 13a per unit time is not generally determined by the scale, model, etc. of the kneading apparatus 10. However, as the supply amount increases, the resin kneaded material 22 that peels off from the front roll 11, that is, the falling material 23, is likely to be generated, and the following effects of the present invention become remarkable.

  Thus, the kneaded material 21 is heated between the rolls of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12 to melt the resin component and knead to form the resin kneaded product 22. Then, the resin kneaded product 22 is wound around the front roll 11 and continuously fed to the other end in the roll length direction, and continuously cut out in a belt shape to recover a long toner resin kneaded product 24.

  Further, the falling material 23 dropped from between the rolls of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12, that is, the kneaded material 21 that has not been wound around the front roll 11 and the resin kneaded material 22 that has been peeled off and dropped from the front roll 11, It is received and transported by the transport belt 16 running below the roll 11 and the back roll 12, pressed against the resin kneaded material 22 wound around the front roll 11, and re-supplied between the front roll 11 and the back roll 12.

  Further, the resin kneaded material 22 is also sent to one end side in the roll length direction, but its progress is restricted by the weir plate 17 provided between the front roll 11 and the back roll 12.

  In this method of manufacturing the resin kneaded product 24 for toner, the kneaded product contact surface 17a of the weir plate 17 is positioned on the transport belt 16, so that the resin kneaded product 22 sent to one end side in the roll length direction is used. Even if a part is peeled off from the front roll 11 before coming into contact with the weir plate 17, it is received by the conveyor belt 16 and conveyed, and re-supplied between the rolls of the front roll 11 and the back roll 12. Therefore, even if the resin kneaded material 22 sent to one end side in the roll length direction is peeled off from the front roll 11, it does not become a loss, and a decrease in yield can be suppressed. Further, when the supply amount of the kneaded material 21 per unit time is increased, the phenomenon that the resin kneaded material 22 sent to one end side in the roll length direction peels off from the front roll 11 before coming into contact with the weir plate 17. In this case, the productivity can be improved while suppressing a decrease in yield due to the separation of the resin kneaded material 22 from the front roll 11.

  The long toner resin kneaded product 24 produced and recovered as described above is pulverized and classified, subjected to a surface treatment with silica or the like, sieved, and then filled into a case to be used as a toner for a copying machine or the like. It becomes a cartridge.

  In the above-described embodiment, the method for producing the toner resin kneaded product 24 has been described. However, the present invention is not particularly limited to this, and other resin kneaded products may be produced.

Example 1
Resin kneaded product using an open roll type continuous kneading apparatus (each roll diameter is 320 mm, roll total length is 1800 mm) having the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment provided with a front roll and a back roll each having a temperature control function. Manufactured. In this kneading apparatus, the length from the roll end to the opening end of the material supply port of the kneading material supply unit was 330 mm on one end side in the roll length direction. Further, a conveyance belt (heat-resistant rubber belt, width 610 mm, thickness 2 mm) was installed so that the distance from the roll end to the belt side end was 20 mm on one end side in the roll length direction. Further, a weir plate having a width of 320 mm and a height of 120 mm is provided on one end side in the roll length direction so that the distance from the roll end to the kneaded product contact surface is 70 mm. Was positioned. The gap between the weir plate and the roll was set to 0.5 mm with a clearance gauge.

  The temperature of the roll surface of the front roll is set to 130 ° C., the rotation speed is set to 75 rotations per minute, the temperature of the roll surface of the back roll is set to 35 ° C., and the rotation speed is set to 50 rotations per minute. Styrene acrylic resin was supplied from the supply port as a kneading material at a rate of 2.5 kg per minute.

  At this time, the resin kneaded material was stably wound around the front roll and could be stably operated continuously. The yield of the resin kneaded material with respect to the supplied kneaded material was 98% by mass. The insufficient yield is a loss due to adhesion of the resin kneaded product to the kneading apparatus, peeling from the front roll, or the like.

(Comparative Example 1)
A conveyor belt (heat-resistant rubber belt, width 420 mm, thickness 2 mm) is installed at one end in the roll length direction so that the distance from the roll end to the belt end is 120 mm, and the kneaded material contact surface of the weir plate is A resin kneaded material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin kneaded material was positioned outside the conveyor belt.

  At this time, the resin kneaded material was not stably wound around the front roll and could not be stably continuously operated. The yield of the resin kneaded material with respect to the supplied kneaded material was 88% by mass. This is because a part of the resin kneaded product sent to the other end side in the roll length direction peels off and falls in the area covered with the conveyor belt in Example 1, and in addition, in the roll length direction A part of the resin kneaded material sent to one end side peels off from the front roll between the kneaded material contact surface of the weir plate and the belt side end of the conveying belt, and falls without being returned by the conveying belt. This is thought to be due to this.

(Example 2)
As a kneading material, 100 parts by mass of a polyester resin (softening point: 115 ° C.), 6 parts by mass of carnauba wax (melting point: 83 ° C.) as a release agent with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyester resin, 3 parts by mass of a copper phthalocyanine pigment In addition, a resin kneaded product (toner resin kneaded product) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1 part by mass of the charge control agent (chromium salicylate complex) was used.

  At this time, the resin kneaded material was stably wound around the front roll and could be stably operated continuously. The yield of the resin kneaded material with respect to the supplied kneaded material was 98% by mass.

(Comparative Example 2)
A conveyor belt (heat-resistant rubber belt, width 420 mm, thickness 2 mm) is installed at one end in the roll length direction so that the distance from the roll end to the belt end is 120 mm, and the kneaded material contact surface of the weir plate is A resin kneaded material was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the resin kneaded material was positioned outside the conveyor belt.

  At this time, the resin kneaded material was not stably wound around the front roll and could not be stably continuously operated. The yield of the resin kneaded material with respect to the supplied kneaded material was 81% by mass. The yield is lower than in Example 2 because part of the resin kneaded product sent to the other end side in the roll length direction peels off in the region covered with the conveyor belt in Example 2 and falls, In addition, a part of the resin kneaded product sent to one end side in the roll length direction is peeled off from the front roll between the kneaded product contact surface of the weir plate and the belt side end of the conveyor belt, and falls. This is considered to be due to loss without being returned by the conveyor belt. The reason why the yield is lower than that of Comparative Example 1 is that the kneading material contains a release agent, and the resin kneaded material is more easily peeled off from the front roll than the case of Comparative Example 1. It is believed that there is.

(Example 3)
As the kneading material, crystalline polyester (softening point: 110 ° C., maximum peak temperature of heat of fusion: 107 ° C., ratio of softening point to heat of melting (softening point / peak temperature): 1.03) is 10 100% by mass of a polyester resin (softening point: 110 ° C.) contained by mass%, 4 parts by mass of carnauba wax (melting point: 83 ° C.) as a release agent with respect to 100 parts by mass of this polyester resin, 5 parts by mass of copper phthalocyanine pigment And a charge control agent (chromium salicylate complex) 1 part by mass, and the same material as in Example 1 except that this kneaded material was supplied at a rate of 2.1 kg / min from the material supply port. A kneaded product (resin kneaded product for toner) was produced.

  At this time, the resin kneaded material was stably wound around the front roll and could be stably operated continuously. The yield of the resin kneaded material with respect to the supplied kneaded material was 98% by mass.

(Comparative Example 3)
Except that the conveyor belt is installed on the one end side in the roll length direction so that the distance from the roll end to the belt side end is 100 mm, and the kneaded material contact surface of the weir plate is positioned outside the conveyor belt. A resin kneaded product was produced in the same manner as in Example 3.

  At this time, the resin kneaded material was not stably wound around the front roll and could not be stably continuously operated. The yield of the resin kneaded material with respect to the supplied kneaded material was 76% by mass. The reason why the yield is lower than in Example 3 is that a part of the resin kneaded material sent to one end side in the roll length direction is mainly formed between the kneaded material contact surface of the weir plate and the belt side end of the conveyor belt. It is thought that this is because they were peeled off from the front roll and dropped and lost without being returned by the conveyor belt. Further, although the belt width of the conveyor belt is wider than that in Comparative Example 2, the yield is lower than that in Comparative Example 2 because the kneaded material contains a crystalline polyester resin. Compared with the case of this, it is thought that it is because the resin kneaded material is easy to peel off from the front roll.

  As described above, the present invention is useful for a method for producing a resin kneaded product using an open roll kneading apparatus.

It is a front view of a kneading apparatus. It is II-II sectional drawing in FIG. It is a top view of a kneading apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Kneading apparatus 11 Front roll 12 Back roll 16 Conveying belt 17 Dam plate 17a Kneaded material contact surface 21 Kneaded material 22 Resin kneaded material 23 Falling material

Claims (6)

A resin-based kneading material is interposed between the upper ends of one pair in the roll length direction of a pair of rolls that rotate inward from top to bottom, which are arranged substantially horizontally at a predetermined interval. Continuously supply, while kneading the kneaded material between the pair of rolls, the resin kneaded material is wound around one of the pair of rolls and continuously sent to the other end in the roll length direction. Recovered,
In addition, the transport belt provided to cover at least the material supply part of the pair of rolls and run in the direction perpendicular to the roll length direction receives and transports the dropped material dropped from between the pair of rolls, Re-feed between the pair of rolls;
Furthermore, the resin kneaded material is formed into a roll length by a dam plate formed so as to be inserted between them from the upper side of one end side in the roll length direction of the pair of rolls and formed along the outline of the pair of rolls. A method for producing a resin kneaded product that regulates being sent to one end in the vertical direction,
The opening end of the material supply port of the mixed material supply unit that supplies the kneaded material between the pair of rolls is positioned at a position 0 to 0.3 times the roll length from the roll end on one end side of the pair of rolls. And
About the other end side in the roll length direction, the length from the opening end of the material supply port of the mixed material supply unit to the belt side end is 0.15 to 0.5 times the roll length,
A method for producing a resin kneaded material, wherein the kneaded material contact surface of the weir plate is positioned on the conveyor belt. The method for producing a resin kneaded product according to claim 1 , wherein the base resin of the kneaded material is a polyester resin. The method for producing a resin kneaded product according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the base resin of the kneaded material contains a crystalline polyester resin. The method for producing a resin kneaded product according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the kneaded material contains a release agent. Among the pair of rolls, the rotation speed of one roll around which the resin kneaded material is wound is set to 60 to 100 rpm, the rotation speed of the other roll is set to 20 to 60 rpm, and the rotation speed of the one roll is set to the other roll. Set higher than the rotation speed of
The method for producing a resin kneaded product according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the temperature of the roll surface of the one roll is set to 100 to 180 ° C and the temperature of the roll surface of the other roll is set to 20 to 95 ° C. Method for producing a resin kneaded product according to any of claims 1 to 5 manufactured object is a toner resin kneaded material.

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