JP4696104B2 - Back-illuminated solid-state imaging device and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Back-illuminated solid-state imaging device and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP4696104B2
JP4696104B2 JP2007256228A JP2007256228A JP4696104B2 JP 4696104 B2 JP4696104 B2 JP 4696104B2 JP 2007256228 A JP2007256228 A JP 2007256228A JP 2007256228 A JP2007256228 A JP 2007256228A JP 4696104 B2 JP4696104 B2 JP 4696104B2
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充 岩田
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Description

本発明は裏面照射型固体撮像素子及びその製造方法に係り、特に、光利用効率が高く高感度な撮影を行うのに好適な構造を備える裏面照射型固体撮像素子及びその製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a back-illuminated solid-state imaging device and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a back-illuminated solid-state imaging device having a structure suitable for performing high-sensitivity imaging with high light utilization efficiency and a manufacturing method thereof.

CMOSイメージセンサやCCDイメージセンサ等の固体撮像素子には、表面照射型と裏面照射型とがある。イメージセンサの主要電子素子である信号読出回路(CMOSイメージセンサであればトランジスタ回路及び配線層,CCDイメージセンサであれば配線を含む電荷転送路)が形成された半導体基板の一面側(この面を「表面側」ということにする。)と同一面で、被写体からの入射光を受光する構造になっているものが表面照射型である。   Solid-state imaging devices such as a CMOS image sensor and a CCD image sensor include a front side illumination type and a back side illumination type. One side of a semiconductor substrate on which a signal readout circuit (a transistor circuit and wiring layer for a CMOS image sensor, a charge transfer path including wiring for a CCD image sensor), which is a main electronic element of an image sensor, is formed (this surface is The surface irradiation type is the same plane as “front side” and has a structure for receiving incident light from a subject.

これに対し、裏面照射型とは、例えば下記特許文献1に記載されている様に、信号読出回路が形成された半導体基板表面側と反対側の面、すなわち、裏面で被写体からの入射光を受光する構造のものをいう。裏面照射型は、受光面積を表面照射型に比べて広くすることができ、また、光利用効率が高く高感度であるという利点がある。   On the other hand, the back-illuminated type, as described in, for example, Patent Document 1 below, receives incident light from a subject on the surface opposite to the semiconductor substrate surface side on which the signal readout circuit is formed, that is, the back surface. A structure that receives light. The back-illuminated type has the advantages that the light receiving area can be widened compared to the front-side illuminated type, and the light utilization efficiency is high and the sensitivity is high.

特開2006―32497号公報JP 2006-32497 A

しかしながら、裏面照射型固体撮像素子は、表面照射型固体撮像素子に比較して光利用効率が高く高感度であるといっても、画素の微細化が進む近年の固体撮像素子では、更なる光利用効率の高効率化を図る必要がある。   However, even though the back-illuminated solid-state image sensor has higher light utilization efficiency and higher sensitivity than the front-illuminated solid-state image sensor, in recent solid-state image sensors that have advanced pixel miniaturization, further light It is necessary to increase the use efficiency.

本発明の目的は、光利用効率が高く高感度な裏面照射型固体撮像素子及びその製造方法を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide a back-illuminated solid-state imaging device with high light utilization efficiency and high sensitivity, and a method for manufacturing the same.

本発明の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法は、半導体基板の表面部に複数の画素が二次元アレイ状に形成され該半導体基板の裏面側から入射する被写界光の入射光量に応じて発生する信号電荷を前記画素が蓄積する裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法において、前記半導体基板の前記裏面側に反射防止膜を積層し、前記半導体基板の受光面の中央部分に設ける前記反射防止膜の膜厚を厚く、周辺部分に設ける前記反射防止膜の膜厚を薄く形成したことを特徴とする According to the method of manufacturing the backside illumination type solid-state imaging device of the present invention, a plurality of pixels are formed in a two-dimensional array on the surface portion of the semiconductor substrate, and the incident light of the field light incident from the backside of the semiconductor substrate is used. In the method of manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device in which the pixel stores generated signal charges, the antireflection film is provided on a central portion of the light receiving surface of the semiconductor substrate by stacking an antireflection film on the backside of the semiconductor substrate. The film thickness of the film is thick, and the film thickness of the antireflection film provided in the peripheral portion is thin.

本発明の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法は、前記受光面を中央部分から周辺部分にかけて複数の領域に分け、該領域毎に前記反射防止膜の膜厚を制御することを特徴とする。
The method for manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to the present invention is characterized in that the light receiving surface is divided into a plurality of regions from a central portion to a peripheral portion, and the film thickness of the antireflection film is controlled for each region .

本発明の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法の前記膜厚は、該反射防止膜を透過する光の光路長が該光の波長をλとしたときλ/4またはその奇数倍となるように形成したことを特徴とする。   The film thickness of the backside illumination type solid-state imaging device of the present invention is such that the optical path length of the light transmitted through the antireflection film is λ / 4 or an odd multiple thereof when the wavelength of the light is λ. It is formed.

本発明の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法は、前記反射防止膜の上にカラーフィルタが前記画素対応に形成され、該画素毎の前記反射防止膜の膜厚が該画素毎の前記カラーフィルタの色別に形成されることを特徴とする。   In the manufacturing method of the backside illumination type solid-state imaging device of the present invention, a color filter is formed on the antireflection film corresponding to the pixel, and the film thickness of the antireflection film for each pixel is the color filter for each pixel. It is characterized by being formed for each color.

本発明の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法は、前記カラーフィルタを透過する光の波長が長いほど前記膜厚を厚くすることを特徴とする。   The method for manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to the present invention is characterized in that the film thickness is increased as the wavelength of light transmitted through the color filter is longer.

本発明の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法は、前記カラーフィルタの或る色の画素に対応して設けた前記反射防止膜の膜厚をn・λ/4(nは奇数、λは入射光の波長)としたとき、該色と異なる色の前記カラーフィルタが設けられた隣接画素に対応して設けた前記反射防止膜の膜厚を、m・λ/4(m≠nの奇数)としたことを特徴とする。   In the manufacturing method of the backside illumination type solid-state imaging device of the present invention, the film thickness of the antireflection film provided corresponding to a certain color pixel of the color filter is set to n · λ / 4 (n is an odd number, λ is incident). Light wavelength), the film thickness of the antireflection film provided corresponding to the adjacent pixel provided with the color filter of a different color is m · λ / 4 (m ≠ n odd number) It is characterized by that.

本発明の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法は、前記半導体基板から見て最初に形成する平坦化膜であって、前記反射防止膜の段差を吸収する平坦化膜を、該平坦化膜の上層,下層に設けられる材料の屈折率と該平坦化膜の屈折率との差が最も小さくなる層間に該平坦化膜を設けたことを特徴とする。   According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device, comprising: a planarizing film that is formed first when viewed from the semiconductor substrate, and a planarizing film that absorbs a step of the antireflection film is formed on the planarizing film. The planarizing film is provided between the layers where the difference between the refractive index of the material provided in the upper layer and the lower layer and the refractive index of the planarizing film is the smallest.

本発明の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法は、前記半導体基板がシリコンであり、前記反射防止膜が窒化シリコンの単層膜であることを特徴とする。   In the method for manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to the present invention, the semiconductor substrate is silicon, and the antireflection film is a single layer film of silicon nitride.

本発明の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法は、前記反射防止膜が多層膜であることを特徴とする。   In the method for manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to the present invention, the antireflection film is a multilayer film.

本発明の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法は、前記カラーフィルタの代わりに、該カラーフィルタが透過する光の波長のみ選択的に透過し他の波長域の光を反射する前記反射防止膜を設けたことを特徴とする。   In the manufacturing method of the backside illumination type solid-state imaging device of the present invention, instead of the color filter, the antireflection film that selectively transmits only the wavelength of light transmitted through the color filter and reflects light in other wavelength ranges is provided. It is provided.

本発明の裏面照射型固体撮像素子は、半導体基板の表面部に複数の画素が二次元アレイ状に形成され該半導体基板の裏面側から入射する被写界光の入射光量に応じて発生する信号電荷を前記画素が蓄積する裏面照射型固体撮像素子において、上記のいずれかに記載の製造方法で製造したことを特徴とする。   The back-illuminated solid-state imaging device of the present invention has a plurality of pixels formed in a two-dimensional array on the front surface of a semiconductor substrate, and a signal generated according to the amount of incident field light incident from the back surface of the semiconductor substrate. A back-illuminated solid-state imaging device in which charges are accumulated in the pixels is manufactured by any one of the manufacturing methods described above.

本発明によれば、反射防止膜を裏面側の受光面に設けたので、半導体基板の裏面側における入射光の反射率を抑制でき、より多くの入射光を半導体基板内の光電変換領域に導入できるため、光利用効率が高く高感度な撮像が可能となる。   According to the present invention, since the antireflection film is provided on the light receiving surface on the back side, the reflectance of incident light on the back side of the semiconductor substrate can be suppressed, and more incident light is introduced into the photoelectric conversion region in the semiconductor substrate. Therefore, it is possible to perform imaging with high light utilization efficiency and high sensitivity.

以下、本発明の一実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の断面模式図である。本実施形態の裏面照射型固体撮像素子100は、インターライン型CCDであり、p型半導体基板1の表面側に垂直電荷転送路(VCCD)21とフォトダイオード22とが形成され、裏面側に、反射防止膜27、カラーフィルタ(赤(R),緑(G),青(B))層23及びマイクロレンズ24が積層される。   FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The backside illumination type solid-state imaging device 100 of this embodiment is an interline type CCD, and a vertical charge transfer path (VCCD) 21 and a photodiode 22 are formed on the front surface side of the p-type semiconductor substrate 1, and on the back surface side, An antireflection film 27, a color filter (red (R), green (G), blue (B)) layer 23 and a microlens 24 are laminated.

半導体基板1の裏面側表面部には高濃度p++層25が形成され、この高濃度p++層25が接地される。高濃度p++層25の上には入射光に対して透明な酸化膜26が積層されており、その上に、本実施形態では、反射防止膜27が積層され、その上に、カラーフィルタ層23,マイクロレンズ(トップレンズ)層24が順に積層される。各マイクロレンズ24は、対向する位置に設けられた対応のフォトダイオード22の中心に焦点が合うように形成される。 A high-concentration p ++ layer 25 is formed on the back surface side surface portion of the semiconductor substrate 1, and the high-concentration p ++ layer 25 is grounded. An oxide film 26 transparent to incident light is laminated on the high-concentration p ++ layer 25, and in this embodiment, an antireflection film 27 is laminated thereon, and a color filter layer is further formed thereon. 23, a microlens (top lens) layer 24 is sequentially laminated. Each microlens 24 is formed so as to be focused on the center of a corresponding photodiode 22 provided at an opposing position.

カラーフィルタ層23は画素(フォトダイオード)単位に区画され、カラーフィルタ層23の半導体基板1側の隣接区画間には、画素間の混色を防ぐための遮光部材28が設けられる。   The color filter layer 23 is partitioned in units of pixels (photodiodes), and a light shielding member 28 for preventing color mixture between pixels is provided between adjacent partitions of the color filter layer 23 on the semiconductor substrate 1 side.

半導体基板1の表面側に形成される垂直電荷転送路(VCCD)21は、n層の埋め込みチャネル31と、半導体基板1の表面側最表面に形成されたシリコン酸化膜やONO(酸化膜―窒化膜―酸化膜)構造の絶縁膜でなるゲート絶縁層32を介して積層された転送電極膜33とで構成される。 The vertical charge transfer path (VCCD) 21 formed on the surface side of the semiconductor substrate 1 includes an n + layer buried channel 31 and a silicon oxide film or ONO (oxide film − formed on the outermost surface side of the semiconductor substrate 1. The transfer electrode film 33 is formed through a gate insulating layer 32 made of an insulating film having a (nitride film-oxide film) structure.

垂直電荷転送路21は、表面照射型固体撮像素子と同様に、図示しない水平電荷転送路(HCCD)が延びる方向に対して垂直方向に延びる様に形成され、且つ、複数本の垂直電荷転送路21が形成される。そして、隣接する垂直電荷転送路21間に、垂直電荷転送路21に沿う方向に複数のフォトダイオード22が所定ピッチで形成される。   The vertical charge transfer path 21 is formed so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which a horizontal charge transfer path (HCCD) (not shown) extends, similarly to the surface irradiation type solid-state imaging device, and a plurality of vertical charge transfer paths. 21 is formed. A plurality of photodiodes 22 are formed between adjacent vertical charge transfer paths 21 in a direction along the vertical charge transfer path 21 at a predetermined pitch.

フォトダイオード22は、本実施形態では、p型半導体基板1の表面側に形成されたn層35とその下に形成されたn層36とで構成される。そして、n層35の表面部に暗電流抑制用の薄いp型高濃度(p)表面層38が形成され、表面層38の中央表面部に、コンタクト部としてn層39が形成される。 In this embodiment, the photodiode 22 includes an n layer 35 formed on the surface side of the p-type semiconductor substrate 1 and an n layer 36 formed thereunder. A thin p-type high concentration (p + ) surface layer 38 for dark current suppression is formed on the surface portion of the n layer 35, and an n + layer 39 is formed as a contact portion on the central surface portion of the surface layer 38. .

垂直電荷転送路21の埋め込みチャネル(n層)31の下には基板1よりp濃度の高いp層41が形成されており、このn層31及びp層41と、図示の例では右隣のフォトダイオード22との間に、素子分離帯としてのp領域42が形成される。各p層41の下には、半導体基板1より高濃度なp領域42が設けられ、隣接するフォトダイオード22間の素子分離が図られる。各p領域42は、上述した画素区画部分すなわち遮光部材28に対応する箇所に設けられる。 A p layer 41 having a higher p concentration than the substrate 1 is formed under the buried channel (n + layer) 31 of the vertical charge transfer path 21, and the n layer 31 and the p layer 41 are adjacent to the right side in the illustrated example. A p + region 42 as an element isolation band is formed between the first photodiode 22 and the second photodiode 22. Under each p layer 41, a p region 42 having a higher concentration than that of the semiconductor substrate 1 is provided, and element isolation between adjacent photodiodes 22 is achieved. Each p region 42 is provided at a location corresponding to the pixel partition portion, that is, the light shielding member 28 described above.

垂直電荷転送路21の埋め込みチャネル31の下に形成されたp層41は、図示の例では左隣のn層35の表面端部の上まで延び、この端部分のp表面層38は、n層35の右端面位置より後退した位置になっている。そして、転送電極膜33の左端面は、p層41の左端面まで重なる様に延設され、n層35と、転送電極膜33及びp層41の表面端部とが若干オーバーラップする構成になっている。 The p layer 41 formed below the buried channel 31 of the vertical charge transfer path 21 extends to the top of the surface end of the n layer 35 adjacent to the left in the illustrated example, and the p + surface layer 38 at this end is The position is set back from the position of the right end surface of the n layer 35. The left end surface of the transfer electrode film 33 extends so as to overlap the left end surface of the p layer 41, and the n layer 35 and the surface end portions of the transfer electrode film 33 and the p layer 41 slightly overlap. It has become.

この様なオーバーラップ構成が可能なのは、裏面照射型では半導体基板1の表面側に面積的な余裕があるためである。表面照射型では、面積的余裕がないため、転送電極膜の端部はフォトダイオードの端部に一致する位置までしか延設できず、間にp層を介在させることができない。   Such an overlap configuration is possible because the back-illuminated type has an area margin on the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate 1. In the surface irradiation type, since there is no area margin, the end portion of the transfer electrode film can be extended only to the position corresponding to the end portion of the photodiode, and the p layer cannot be interposed therebetween.

本実施形態の様に、転送電極膜33とn層35との間にp層41を介在させると、転送電極膜(読出電極兼用)33に印加する読出電圧の低電圧化を図ることができ、CCD型固体撮像素子の低消費電力化を図ることが可能となる。   If the p layer 41 is interposed between the transfer electrode film 33 and the n layer 35 as in this embodiment, the read voltage applied to the transfer electrode film (also used as the read electrode) 33 can be reduced. Thus, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the CCD solid-state imaging device.

半導体基板1の最表面に形成される絶縁層32の上に例えばポリシリコン膜でなる転送電極膜33が形成され、その上に、絶縁層45が積層される。そして、n層39の上の絶縁層32,45に開口が開けられ、絶縁層45の上に金属電極46が積層されることで、n層39と電極46とがコンタクトされる。電極46は、この裏面照射型固体撮像素子100のオーバーフロードレインとして機能する。 A transfer electrode film 33 made of, for example, a polysilicon film is formed on the insulating layer 32 formed on the outermost surface of the semiconductor substrate 1, and an insulating layer 45 is stacked thereon. Then, an opening is opened in the insulating layer 32 and 45 on the n + layer 39, the metal electrode 46 on the insulating layer 45 that are stacked, and the n + layer 39 and the electrode 46 is contact. The electrode 46 functions as an overflow drain of the backside illumination type solid-state imaging device 100.

尚、上述した実施形態では、CCD型の裏面照射型固体撮像素子を説明したが、CMOS等のMOSタイプの裏面照射型固体撮像素子でも良い。MOSタイプとするには、図1に示す垂直電荷転送路21やオーバーフロードレイン等の代わりに、信号読出回路としてMOSトランジスタや配線層を基板1の表面側に形成れば良い。   In the above-described embodiment, the CCD type back-illuminated solid-state image sensor has been described. However, a MOS-type back-illuminated solid-state image sensor such as a CMOS may be used. For the MOS type, a MOS transistor or a wiring layer may be formed on the surface side of the substrate 1 as a signal readout circuit instead of the vertical charge transfer path 21 and the overflow drain shown in FIG.

斯かる構造の裏面照射型固体撮像素子100で被写体画像を撮像する場合、被写界からの入射光は、半導体基板1の裏面側から入射する。この入射光はマイクロレンズ24で集光され、カラーフィルタ層23を通り、半導体基板1内に浸入する。本実施形態の場合、半導体基板1の裏面に反射防止膜27が設けられているため、入射光が高効率で半導体基板1内に進入することになる。   When a subject image is picked up by the backside illumination type solid-state imaging device 100 having such a structure, incident light from the object scene enters from the backside of the semiconductor substrate 1. The incident light is collected by the microlens 24, passes through the color filter layer 23, and enters the semiconductor substrate 1. In the case of the present embodiment, since the antireflection film 27 is provided on the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 1, incident light enters the semiconductor substrate 1 with high efficiency.

マイクロレンズ24で集光された光が半導体基板1内に入射すると、この入射光は当該マイクロレンズ24及びカラーフィルタ23に対応するフォトダイオード22の方向に集光しながら進み、半導体基板1に光吸収され、光電変換されて正孔電子対が発生する。   When the light condensed by the microlens 24 enters the semiconductor substrate 1, the incident light travels while condensing in the direction of the photodiode 22 corresponding to the microlens 24 and the color filter 23, and enters the semiconductor substrate 1. It is absorbed and photoelectrically converted to generate hole electron pairs.

裏面照射型固体撮像素子100では、半導体基板1の裏面からフォトダイオードを構成するn領域22までの距離を、9μm程度の厚さにしているため、入射光が半導体基板1の表面側に設けたn領域すなわち電荷転送路21に達するまでに全て基板1に吸収され光電変換されてしまう。従って、垂直電荷転送路21を遮光する必要がない。 In the back-illuminated solid-state imaging device 100, since the distance from the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 to the n region 22 constituting the photodiode is about 9 μm, incident light is provided on the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate 1. All are absorbed by the substrate 1 and photoelectrically converted before reaching the n + region, that is, the charge transfer path 21. Therefore, it is not necessary to shield the vertical charge transfer path 21 from light.

各画素の光電変換領域(p++層25からn領域35までの領域)で発生した電子は、当該画素におけるn領域35に蓄積され、読出電極兼用の転送電極膜33に読出電圧が印加されると、n領域35から、図1に示す例では右隣の埋め込みチャネル31に読み出される。以後、垂直電荷転送路21に沿って図示しない水平電荷転送路(HCCD)まで転送され、次に水平電荷転送路に沿って図示しないアンプまで転送され、このアンプが信号電荷量に応じた電圧値信号を撮像画像信号として出力する。 Electrons generated in the photoelectric conversion region (region from the p ++ layer 25 to the n region 35) of each pixel are accumulated in the n region 35 in the pixel, and a read voltage is applied to the transfer electrode film 33 also serving as a read electrode. Then, the data is read from the n region 35 to the buried channel 31 on the right side in the example shown in FIG. Thereafter, the signal is transferred along the vertical charge transfer path 21 to a horizontal charge transfer path (HCCD) (not shown), and then transferred along the horizontal charge transfer path to an amplifier (not shown). This amplifier has a voltage value corresponding to the signal charge amount. The signal is output as a captured image signal.

p型半導体基板1の光電変換領域で発生した正孔(ホール)が基板1内でふらつくと、裏面照射型固体撮像素子100における受光面(撮像領域)の中央部分と周辺部分とでホール掃き出しムラが生じ、画素特性に差が生じてしまう。しかし、本実施形態の裏面照射型固体撮像素子100では、半導体基板1で発生したホールを裏面の略全面に設けられたp++層25で吸い取り、これを安定的にアースに掃き出すことができるため、このホール掃き出しムラによる画質劣化を回避できる。 When holes generated in the photoelectric conversion region of the p-type semiconductor substrate 1 fluctuate in the substrate 1, the hole sweeping unevenness occurs at the central portion and the peripheral portion of the light receiving surface (imaging region) in the back-illuminated solid-state imaging device 100. This causes a difference in pixel characteristics. However, in the back-illuminated solid-state imaging device 100 of the present embodiment, holes generated in the semiconductor substrate 1 can be absorbed by the p ++ layer 25 provided on substantially the entire back surface and can be stably swept out to the ground. Therefore, it is possible to avoid image quality deterioration due to this hole sweeping unevenness.

図2(a)は、図1に示す実施形態に係る反射防止膜部分の説明図である。反射防止膜及びカラーフィルタ,マイクロレンズ以外の図示は省略している。   FIG. 2A is an explanatory diagram of an antireflection film portion according to the embodiment shown in FIG. Illustrations other than the antireflection film, the color filter, and the microlens are omitted.

本実施形態の裏面照射型固体撮像素子100は、半導体基板1の光入射面に、反射防止膜27を設けたことを特徴とする。反射防止膜27を設けない図2(b)に示す構造では、屈折率“1.5”程度のマイクロレンズ24を通り、屈折率“1.6”程度のカラーフィルタ23を通過した入射光が屈折率“4”程度の半導体基板1に進入するとき、屈折率差が“4−1.6”と大きいためカラーフィルタ23と半導体基板1(酸化膜26の膜厚は小さいので考慮する必要がない。)との界面での反射率が高くなってしまう。   The backside illumination type solid-state imaging device 100 of the present embodiment is characterized in that an antireflection film 27 is provided on the light incident surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. In the structure shown in FIG. 2B in which the antireflection film 27 is not provided, incident light that has passed through the micro lens 24 having a refractive index of about “1.5” and has passed through the color filter 23 having a refractive index of about “1.6”. When entering the semiconductor substrate 1 having a refractive index of about “4”, the difference in refractive index is as large as “4-1.6”, so that the color filter 23 and the semiconductor substrate 1 (thickness of the oxide film 26 are small, and therefore need to be considered. The reflectance at the interface with the above becomes high.

これに対し、図2(a)に示す様に、反射防止膜27を上記の界面に設けることでこの界面での反射を防止でき、半導体基板1への光入射効率を高めることが可能となる。反射防止膜27の屈折率としては、シリコン半導体基板1の屈折率が“4”程度であるため“√4”すなわち“2”程度の材料が好適である。この屈折率を持つ材料としては、窒化シリコンがある。また、反射防止膜27の膜厚は反射を抑制する入射光の波長λの1/4すなわちλ/4(または、この奇数倍)が好適である。   On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2A, by providing the antireflection film 27 at the above-described interface, reflection at this interface can be prevented, and the light incident efficiency to the semiconductor substrate 1 can be increased. . As the refractive index of the antireflection film 27, since the refractive index of the silicon semiconductor substrate 1 is about “4”, a material of “√4”, that is, about “2” is preferable. An example of a material having this refractive index is silicon nitride. The film thickness of the antireflection film 27 is preferably ¼ of the wavelength λ of incident light that suppresses reflection, that is, λ / 4 (or an odd multiple thereof).

この様に、反射防止膜27を半導体基板1の光入射面に設けることで、入射光を高効率で半導体基板1内に取り込むことができ、更なる高感度撮影を行うことが可能となる。   In this manner, by providing the antireflection film 27 on the light incident surface of the semiconductor substrate 1, incident light can be taken into the semiconductor substrate 1 with high efficiency, and further high-sensitivity imaging can be performed.

図3(a)は、本発明の第2実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の反射防止膜部分の説明図である。その他の構成は図1と同様であり、図示は省略している(尚、以下の実施形態でも同様である。)。   FIG. 3A is an explanatory diagram of an antireflection film portion of the backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Other configurations are the same as those in FIG. 1, and the illustration is omitted (the same applies to the following embodiments).

図2(a)で説明した様に、反射防止膜27を設ければ、シリコン界面での反射を防止できる。単板式の固体撮像素子でカラー画像を撮像する場合には、各画素(フォトダイオード22)毎に赤色(R),緑色(G),青色(B)のカラーフィルタ23を積層することになるが、各カラーフィルタR,G,Bを透過して半導体基板1に入射する光の波長は、カラーフィルタの色毎に異なる。   As described with reference to FIG. 2A, if the antireflection film 27 is provided, reflection at the silicon interface can be prevented. When a color image is picked up by a single-plate solid-state image pickup device, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color filters 23 are stacked for each pixel (photodiode 22). The wavelength of light that passes through the color filters R, G, and B and enters the semiconductor substrate 1 is different for each color of the color filter.

図3(b)に示す様に、このカラーフィルタR,G,Bの違いを無視し、各カラーフィルタR,G,Bで同一膜厚の反射防止膜27R,27G,27Bを用いても、反射防止膜のない図2(b)に示す固体撮像素子より半導体基板1への光入射率を改善できることは勿論である。   As shown in FIG. 3B, the difference between the color filters R, G, and B is ignored, and the antireflection films 27R, 27G, and 27B having the same film thickness are used in the color filters R, G, and B. Of course, the light incidence rate to the semiconductor substrate 1 can be improved from the solid-state imaging device shown in FIG. 2B without the antireflection film.

しかし、本実施形態では、図3(a)に示す様に、カラーフィルタR,G,Bの違いも考慮して、反射防止膜27R,27G,27Bの夫々の膜厚を制御している。各カラーフィルタR,G,Bを透過する光の分光特性は釣り鐘状の山形になるため、赤色,緑色,青色それぞれの分光特性のピーク位置(あるいは各ピーク位置を中心とした所定範囲(色信号として取り出したい範囲)内の平均値)の波長λr,λg,λbの1/4(またはその奇数倍)に反射防止膜27R,27G,27Bの各膜厚を制御する。   However, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3A, the thicknesses of the antireflection films 27R, 27G, and 27B are controlled in consideration of the difference between the color filters R, G, and B. Since the spectral characteristics of the light transmitted through the color filters R, G, and B are bell-shaped peaks, the peak positions of the spectral characteristics of red, green, and blue (or a predetermined range centered on each peak position (color signal) The film thicknesses of the antireflection films 27R, 27G, and 27B are controlled to ¼ (or an odd multiple thereof) of the wavelengths λr, λg, and λb of the average value) within the range desired to be extracted.

この様に、カラーフィルタの色毎に反射防止膜27R,27G,27Bの膜厚をきめ細かく制御することで、各色画素毎の光入射率を高めることができると共に各色画素毎の光入射率の均一化も図ることが可能となる。   In this manner, by finely controlling the film thickness of the antireflection films 27R, 27G, and 27B for each color of the color filter, the light incident rate for each color pixel can be increased and the light incident rate for each color pixel can be made uniform. Can also be achieved.

反射防止膜27R,27G,27Bを夫々図2で説明した窒化シリコンの単層膜で製造すれば、膜厚の大小関係は、27R>27G>27Bとなる。しかし、反射防止膜は単層構造である必要はなく、多種材料の多層膜で形成することも可能である。多層膜で形成する場合の上記大小関係は単純な式にならないため、単層構造の場合と異なり、使用する材料によって制御するのが好ましい。   If the antireflection films 27R, 27G, and 27B are each made of the single-layer film of silicon nitride described with reference to FIG. 2, the relationship between the thicknesses becomes 27R> 27G> 27B. However, the antireflection film does not need to have a single layer structure, and can be formed of a multilayer film of various materials. In the case of forming with a multilayer film, the above magnitude relationship does not become a simple formula, and therefore, it is preferable to control it according to the material used, unlike the case of a single layer structure.

図4は、本発明の第3実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の反射防止膜部分の説明図である。上述した第2実施形態では、カラーフィルタR,G,Bの色別に、当該色画素に設ける反射防止膜27R,27G,27Bの膜厚を調整している。しかし、この膜厚は、膜表面に対して垂直方向の厚さで規定している。   FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an antireflection film portion of a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment described above, the thicknesses of the antireflection films 27R, 27G, and 27B provided on the color pixels are adjusted for the colors of the color filters R, G, and B, respectively. However, this film thickness is defined by the thickness in the direction perpendicular to the film surface.

デジタルカメラ等に搭載する固体撮像素子の入射光は、撮影レンズを通して入射するため、撮影レンズの中心光軸上の光以外は、斜め入射光になる。つまり、撮像素子の受光面の中央領域には略垂直に入射するが、受光面の周辺領域には斜め入射光になる。   Incident light from a solid-state imaging device mounted on a digital camera or the like enters through a photographing lens, and therefore, light other than light on the central optical axis of the photographing lens becomes oblique incident light. That is, the light enters the central region of the light receiving surface of the image sensor substantially perpendicularly, but becomes obliquely incident light on the peripheral region of the light receiving surface.

反射防止膜が反射防止機能を持つには、膜厚をλ/4(またはその奇数倍)にしなければならない。しかし、このλ/4の長さは、実際には光路長で計算する必要があり、上記で「膜厚」としたのは、光が反射防止膜に垂直に入射することを前提としている。つまり、斜め入射光の場合には、反射防止膜の表面に垂直な「膜厚」は薄くても実際の光路長は確保可能となる。   In order for the antireflection film to have an antireflection function, the film thickness must be λ / 4 (or an odd multiple thereof). However, the length of λ / 4 actually needs to be calculated by the optical path length, and the above “film thickness” is based on the premise that light enters the antireflection film perpendicularly. That is, in the case of obliquely incident light, the actual optical path length can be secured even if the “film thickness” perpendicular to the surface of the antireflection film is thin.

従って、図4に示す実施形態では、固体撮像素子の受光面中央領域の反射防止膜27R,27G,27Bの膜厚(表面に垂直な方向の膜厚)は厚く、周辺領域の膜厚は薄くすることで、斜め入射光でも受光面全面で最適な反射防止機能を得ることが可能となる。   Therefore, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the thickness of the antireflection films 27R, 27G, and 27B (thickness in the direction perpendicular to the surface) in the central region of the light receiving surface of the solid-state imaging device is large, and the thickness of the peripheral region is small. By doing so, it is possible to obtain an optimal antireflection function over the entire light receiving surface even with obliquely incident light.

理想的には、受光面の位置毎,画素毎,色毎に入射角度を計算して反射防止膜の膜厚を規定するのが良いが、実際に画素毎に膜厚制御を行うと製造コスト的に割高になってしまう。このため、受光面を、例えば「中央部」「中間部」「周辺部」と複数領域に分割し、夫々で膜厚制御を行うのが好ましい。   Ideally, the film thickness of the antireflection film should be defined by calculating the incident angle for each position of the light receiving surface, for each pixel, and for each color. However, if the film thickness control is actually performed for each pixel, the manufacturing cost It becomes expensive. For this reason, it is preferable to divide the light receiving surface into a plurality of regions, for example, “central part”, “intermediate part” and “peripheral part”, and to control the film thickness respectively.

尚、本実施形態では、色毎でも膜厚制御を行ったが、図3(b)に示す様に、色毎の膜厚制御は行わずに、受光面の位置毎に膜厚制御をするだけでも良い。   In this embodiment, the film thickness control is performed for each color, but as shown in FIG. 3B, the film thickness control is performed for each position of the light receiving surface without performing the film thickness control for each color. Just fine.

図5は、本発明の第4実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の反射防止膜部分の説明図である。単板式の固体撮像素子では、隣接する画素の色が異なる画素となる場合が生じる。この場合、赤色画素,緑色画素,青色画素が隣接していたとする。上述した実施形態では、nを奇数としたとき、赤色画素の反射防止膜27Rの膜厚をn・λr/4、緑色画素の反射防止膜27Gの膜厚をn・λg/4、青色画素の反射防止膜27Bの膜厚をn・λb/4とした。即ち、同一数nを用いた。   FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an antireflection film portion of a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In a single-plate solid-state imaging device, there are cases where adjacent pixels have different colors. In this case, it is assumed that the red pixel, the green pixel, and the blue pixel are adjacent to each other. In the embodiment described above, when n is an odd number, the red pixel antireflection film 27R has a thickness of n · λr / 4, the green pixel has an antireflection film 27G with a thickness of n · λg / 4, and the blue pixel has a thickness of n · λr / 4. The film thickness of the antireflection film 27B is n · λb / 4. That is, the same number n was used.

これに対し、本実施形態では、色が異なる隣接画素の反射防止膜27R,27G,27Bの膜厚を、「n・λr/4」「m・λg/4」「q・λb/4」(ここで、n≠m≠qの奇数)とし、好適には、隣接画素のn,m,q間の数値が大きくずれる様にする。例えば、n=1,m=7,q=11とする。   On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the film thicknesses of the antireflection films 27R, 27G, and 27B of adjacent pixels having different colors are set to “n · λr / 4”, “m · λg / 4”, “q · λb / 4” ( Here, n ≠ m ≠ q is an odd number), and preferably, the numerical values between n, m, and q of adjacent pixels are greatly shifted. For example, n = 1, m = 7, and q = 11.

但し、例えばλg/4のm倍が、λr,λbの1/4の奇数倍に一致するようなmは選択しないようにする。つまり、ある画素のカラーフィルタを透過した光が迷光となって隣接画素の反射防止膜内に入射としたとき、混色が起きてしまうが、このとき、隣接画素の反射防止膜内に入射した迷光が反射防止されずに反射率が大きくなる様にする。これにより、混色がより少なくなる。   However, for example, m is not selected such that m times λg / 4 matches an odd multiple of 1/4 of λr and λb. In other words, when light that has passed through the color filter of a certain pixel becomes stray light and enters the antireflection film of the adjacent pixel, color mixing occurs. At this time, stray light that has entered the antireflection film of the adjacent pixel The reflectance is increased without preventing reflection. Thereby, the color mixing is reduced.

図6は、本発明の第5実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の反射防止膜部分の説明図である。   FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an antireflection film portion of a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

反射防止膜を上述した各実施形態の様に設けると、画素毎や位置毎に段差が生じる。このため、通常、段差が生じた部分に平坦化膜を積層して、その上にカラーフィルタ等を積層することになる。   When the antireflection film is provided as in the above-described embodiments, a step is generated for each pixel or for each position. For this reason, usually, a flattening film is laminated on the portion where the step is generated, and a color filter or the like is laminated thereon.

従来の場合には、図6(b)に示す様に、平坦化膜51は、段差が生じた原因となる反射防止膜27R,27G,27Bの直ぐ上(裏面側)に積層し、平坦化膜51の上下それぞれの材質について考慮しなかった。   In the conventional case, as shown in FIG. 6B, the flattening film 51 is laminated immediately above (on the back surface side) the antireflection films 27R, 27G, and 27B that cause the step. The material of the upper and lower sides of the film 51 was not considered.

しかし、本実施形態では、平坦化膜51を設ける位置を、図6(a)に示す様に、平坦化膜51とその上,下の材質の屈折率差が最も小さくなる位置に設ける。図示する実施形態では、平坦化膜51の屈折率が“1.4”程度であるため、屈折率1.5のマイクロレンズ24と、屈折率1.6のカラーフィルタ23との間に設けている。これにより、マイクロレンズから半導体基板1に入射する入射光のトータルとしての反射率を下げ透過率を上げることができる。   However, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6A, the position where the planarizing film 51 is provided is provided at a position where the refractive index difference between the planarizing film 51 and the material above and below becomes the smallest. In the illustrated embodiment, since the refractive index of the planarizing film 51 is about “1.4”, it is provided between the microlens 24 having a refractive index of 1.5 and the color filter 23 having a refractive index of 1.6. Yes. Thereby, the reflectance as a total of the incident light which injects into the semiconductor substrate 1 from a microlens can be lowered | hung, and the transmittance | permeability can be raised.

図7は、本発明の第6実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の反射防止膜部分の説明図である。本実施形態の反射防止膜27R,27G,27Bとして、特定波長成分のみ透過させる反射防止膜を用いる。   FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an antireflection film portion of a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. As the antireflection films 27R, 27G, and 27B of the present embodiment, antireflection films that transmit only a specific wavelength component are used.

つまり、赤色光を透過し他色光を遮断する反射防止膜27Rと、緑色光を透過し他色光を遮断する反射防止膜27Gと、青色光を透過し他色光を遮断する反射防止膜27Bとを用いる。   That is, an antireflection film 27R that transmits red light and blocks other color light, an antireflection film 27G that transmits green light and blocks other color light, and an antireflection film 27B that transmits blue light and blocks other color light. Use.

例えば、3板式カラー固体撮像装置では、入射光をプリズムを用いてR光,G光,B光に3分割し、夫々の光を対応する固体撮像素子に入射させる構成となっているが、このプリズムに用いる反射膜材料を用いて上記の反射防止膜27R,27G,27Bを形成すれば、カラーフィルタが不要となる。   For example, in a three-plate color solid-state imaging device, incident light is divided into R light, G light, and B light using a prism, and each light is incident on a corresponding solid-state imaging device. If the antireflection films 27R, 27G, and 27B are formed using the reflective film material used for the prism, a color filter is not necessary.

本発明に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子は、入射光の半導体基板への入射光率が高いため、高感度撮影を行うデジタルカメラ等に搭載する固体撮像素子として有用である。   The back-illuminated solid-state imaging device according to the present invention is useful as a solid-state imaging device mounted on a digital camera or the like that performs high-sensitivity imaging because the incident light rate of incident light on a semiconductor substrate is high.

本発明の第1実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の断面模式図である。1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 図1に示す反射防止膜部分の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the anti-reflective film part shown in FIG. 本発明の第2実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の反射防止膜部分の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the anti-reflective film part of the backside illumination type solid-state image sensor concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第3実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の反射防止膜部分の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the anti-reflective film part of the backside illumination type solid-state image sensor which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第4実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の反射防止膜部分の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the anti-reflective film part of the backside illumination type solid-state image sensor which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第5実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の反射防止膜部分の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the anti-reflective film part of the backside illumination type solid-state image sensor which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第6実施形態に係る裏面照射型固体撮像素子の反射防止膜部分の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the anti-reflective film part of the backside illumination type solid-state image sensor concerning 6th Embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 半導体基板
22 n領域(フォトダイオード)
23 カラーフィルタ
24 マイクロレンズ
27,27R,27G,27B 反射防止膜
28 遮光部材
51 平坦化膜
100 裏面照射型固体撮像素子
1 Semiconductor substrate 22 n region (photodiode)
23 Color filter 24 Microlens 27, 27R, 27G, 27B Antireflection film 28 Light shielding member 51 Flattening film 100 Back-illuminated solid-state imaging device

Claims (11)

半導体基板の表面部に複数の画素が二次元アレイ状に形成され該半導体基板の裏面側から入射する被写界光の入射光量に応じて発生する信号電荷を前記画素が蓄積する裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法において、前記半導体基板の前記裏面側に反射防止膜を積層し、前記半導体基板の受光面の中央部分に設ける前記反射防止膜の膜厚を厚く、周辺部分に設ける前記反射防止膜の膜厚を薄く形成したことを特徴とする裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法。   A back-illuminated solid in which a plurality of pixels are formed in a two-dimensional array on the front surface of a semiconductor substrate, and the pixels accumulate signal charges generated in accordance with the amount of incident field light incident from the back side of the semiconductor substrate In the image pickup device manufacturing method, an antireflection film is laminated on the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate, and the antireflection film provided at the central portion of the light receiving surface of the semiconductor substrate is thick and provided at the peripheral portion. A method of manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device, wherein the film thickness is reduced. 前記受光面を中央部分から周辺部分にかけて複数の領域に分け、該領域毎に前記反射防止膜の膜厚を制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法。 2. The method of manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the light receiving surface is divided into a plurality of regions from a central portion to a peripheral portion, and the film thickness of the antireflection film is controlled for each region. . 前記膜厚は、該反射防止膜を透過する光の光路長が該光の波長をλとしたときλ/4またはその奇数倍となるように形成したことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法。 2. The film thickness according to claim 1, wherein the optical path length of the light transmitted through the antireflection film is λ / 4 or an odd multiple thereof when the wavelength of the light is λ. 2. A method for producing a back-illuminated solid-state imaging device according to 2. 前記反射防止膜の上にカラーフィルタが前記画素対応に形成され、該画素毎の前記反射防止膜の膜厚が該画素毎の前記カラーフィルタの色別に形成されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法。 2. A color filter is formed on the antireflection film corresponding to the pixel, and a film thickness of the antireflection film for each pixel is formed for each color of the color filter for each pixel. The manufacturing method of the back irradiation type solid-state image sensor of any one of thru | or 3 thru | or 3 . 前記カラーフィルタを透過する光の波長が長いほど前記膜厚を厚くすることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法。 The method of manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to claim 4 , wherein the film thickness is increased as the wavelength of light transmitted through the color filter is longer . 前記カラーフィルタの或る色の画素に対応して設けた前記反射防止膜の膜厚をn・λ/4(nは奇数、λは入射光の波長)としたとき、該色と異なる色の前記カラーフィルタが設けられた隣接画素に対応して設けた前記反射防止膜の膜厚を、m・λ/4(m≠nの奇数)としたことを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法。 When the film thickness of the antireflection film provided corresponding to a pixel of a certain color of the color filter is n · λ / 4 (where n is an odd number and λ is the wavelength of incident light), 6. The film thickness of the antireflection film provided corresponding to the adjacent pixel provided with the color filter is set to m · λ / 4 (m ≠ n odd number). A manufacturing method of a back irradiation type solid-state image sensing device given in 2. 前記半導体基板から見て最初に形成する平坦化膜であって、前記反射防止膜の段差を吸収する平坦化膜を、該平坦化膜の上層,下層に設けられる材料の屈折率と該平坦化膜の屈折率との差が最も小さくなる層間に該平坦化膜を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれかに記載の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法。 A planarizing film that is formed first when viewed from the semiconductor substrate, the planarizing film that absorbs the step of the antireflection film, the refractive index of the material provided in the upper and lower layers of the planarizing film, and the planarization The method for manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the planarizing film is provided between the layers having the smallest difference from the refractive index of the film . 前記半導体基板がシリコンであり、前記反射防止膜が窒化シリコンの単層膜であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれかに記載の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法。 8. The method of manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate is silicon and the antireflection film is a single layer film of silicon nitride . 前記反射防止膜が多層膜であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれかに記載の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法。 The method for manufacturing a backside illumination type solid-state imaging device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the antireflection film is a multilayer film . 前記カラーフィルタの代わりに、該カラーフィルタが透過する光の波長のみ選択的に透過し他の波長域の光を反射する前記反射防止膜を設けたことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の裏面照射型固体撮像素子の製造方法。5. The back surface according to claim 4, wherein, instead of the color filter, the antireflection film that selectively transmits only the wavelength of light transmitted through the color filter and reflects light in other wavelength ranges is provided. Manufacturing method of irradiation type solid-state imaging device. 半導体基板の表面部に複数の画素が二次元アレイ状に形成され該半導体基板の裏面側から入射する被写界光の入射光量に応じて発生する信号電荷を前記画素が蓄積する裏面照射型固体撮像素子において、請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれかに記載の製造方法で製造したことを特徴とする裏面照射型固体撮像素子。  A back-illuminated solid in which a plurality of pixels are formed in a two-dimensional array on the front surface of a semiconductor substrate, and the pixels accumulate signal charges generated in accordance with the amount of incident field light incident from the back side of the semiconductor substrate An imaging device manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the backside illumination type solid-state imaging device.
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