JP4695869B2 - Method for processing PCB-containing capacitors - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for detoxifying a capacitor in which an element is housed in a housing and filled with PCB-containing insulating oil (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “PCB oil”).

  PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) is excellent in chemical stability, hard to decompose by heat, hard to oxidize, stable to acids and alkalis, hardly corrodes metals, extremely insoluble in water, good electrical insulation, high boiling point Because of its non-combustibility characteristics, it is used for high-voltage transformers, high-voltage capacitors, low-voltage transformers and capacitors (for home appliances, fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps, etc.), low-voltage transformers (6 kVA or less), pole transformers It has been used for insulating oils.

  However, the toxicity of PCBs to the human body became apparent, and by 1974, the use in manufacturing, importing and open systems was prohibited. In 1992, waste PCBs, waste oil containing PCBs and PCB contaminants were designated as specially controlled industrial wastes based on the “Waste Management Law” and required to be stored at business establishments. A considerable number of devices have been stored at offices. Furthermore, according to the “Special Measures Law for Promotion of Proper Treatment of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Waste”, it became obligatory to treat PCB, waste oil containing PCB, etc. within 15 years. As a result, it is in a situation where the processing of the PCB-containing equipment stored in the storage place must be started.

However, in the drainage of PCB oil prior to the decomposition of the PCB-containing capacitor, the inside of the capacitor generates corona discharge gas by use and is sealed under pressure. There was a risk of jetting, and it was difficult to disassemble the capacitor containing PCB oil.
On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for extracting PCB oil that can be safely extracted without ejecting or leaking PCB oil from a capacitor or the like in which PCB oil is pressurized and sealed. Yes.

However, the following problems still remain in the detoxification process for the component parts of the capacitor, which is a PCB-containing device.
That is, the capacitor is usually composed of various parts such as a housing, an element, an upper plate, an insulator, a lead wire, and craft paper, and the inside of the capacitor is filled with PCB oil. For this reason, when recycling the component parts of the capacitor, it is necessary to disassemble and separate the capacitor into the above-described component parts, and each of these parts must be individually subjected to processing such as washing or vacuum heating separation.
Further, since the elements (elements) of the PCB-containing capacitor are formed by alternately winding aluminum foil and insulating paper (or insulating paper and polyethylene film), it is difficult to clean in this form.

On the other hand, for example, in Patent Document 2, as a method for treating a PCB-containing capacitor, the upper part of the casing is cut in the horizontal direction, and the upper part of the casing and internal elements (elements) are removed. Drain PCB-containing insulating oil. Next, the casing is transported by a transporting device, and pulverization, ultrasonic cleaning, and hot air drying are sequentially performed. The elements are transported separately from the housing by a transporting device, and are ground, ultrasonic cleaning, and vacuum heating drying. These techniques are performed in order, and at least the cutting process and each pulverization process are performed remotely. Patent Document 3 discloses a technique in which an element is taken out from a capacitor from which PCB oil has been extracted and cut, followed by rough cleaning, finish cleaning, and heat treatment.
It is effective to crush and clean the element for efficient cleaning. However, in these methods, even if the element is crushed while containing PCB oil, the crushed pieces are likely to be clogged between the blade of the crusher and the screen or in the holes of the screen, and are difficult to crush. Further, even if it can be crushed, filling the crushed pieces in a basket (box shape) and washing them causes uneven washing and drying, and there is a problem that they cannot be washed easily.
Japanese Patent No. 3440089 JP 2001-179231 A JP 2004-41877 A

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and to provide a processing method that can safely and efficiently process a PCB-containing capacitor and that can recycle parts. Is.

The above problems have been solved by the following means.
That is, the present invention is (1) a method for detoxifying a capacitor in which a device is housed and filled with a PCB-containing insulating oil, and the following steps are performed. Method.
(A) a container cutting step of cutting the housing and taking out the element;
(B) After the step (a), the taken-out element is cut into round pieces so that a ring made of aluminum foil is formed on the cut surface, washed in a cut state, and after the washing, Element processing step of further crushing the element in the state and washing the crushed pieces again, and
(C) After the step (a), the entire remaining housing from which the element is taken out is washed, and after the washing, the insulator coupled to the terminal is removed from the housing, and the terminal is separated from the insulator, and after the separation , Container processing step for cleaning the housing, insulator and terminal again,
(2) an elastic block having a through hole is pressed against pressed against the outer surface of the PCB containing capacitors down service, by inserting a hollow punch having a internal conduit in the through hole of the elastic body block, of the PCB-containing capacitors (1) It is characterized by performing each of the steps (a) to (c) after a drilling step of making a hole in the container wall and a liquid draining step of draining the PCB-containing insulating oil present in the PCB-containing capacitor (1 And a method for treating a PCB-containing capacitor according to claim), and
(3) In the element processing step, the crushing piece is filled in a rotating basket with a lid and washed, and the method for treating a PCB-containing capacitor according to (1) or (2) is provided. .

  According to the method of the present invention, the device can be easily crushed and the PCB oil soaked into the device can be sufficiently washed away. In addition, PCB oil contained in capacitor components can be removed safely while preventing leakage of PCB oil. Furthermore, it becomes easy to recycle parts as resources.

  The present invention is a method for detoxifying a capacitor containing an element in a casing and filled with insulating oil containing PCB, wherein (a) a container cutting step of cutting the casing and taking out the element; and (b) After the step (a), the taken-out element is cut in a ring shape so that a ring made of aluminum foil constituting the element is formed on the cut surface, washed in a ring cut state, and after the cleaning, the element in the ring cut state is cut. An element processing step of further crushing and re-cleaning the crushed pieces, (c) After the step (a), the entire remaining housing from which the elements are taken out is washed, and after the washing, the insulator bonded to the terminal is removed. And a container processing step of separating the terminal from the insulator and then cleaning the casing, the insulator and the terminal again after the separation.

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the processing method of the present invention.
This process includes the following steps.
(1) in the drilling step (2) Fluid release step (3) a container cutting step (4) element processing step (5) container processing scheme 1, block (1) holes Ah only the step of "drilling", "drained From “PCB” to “incineration / landfill” is (2) liquid draining process, “casing cutting” block is (3) container cutting process, “element” to “incineration / landfilling” (4) The element processing step, “casing” is divided into two “cleaning”, and the blocks until “recycling” are (5) container processing step.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a drilling device, 2 is an oil draining device, 3 is a cutting device, 4 is a cleaning device (1), 5 is an element cutting device, 6 is a cleaning device (2), and 7 is a crushing device. .

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a capacitor processed by the method of the present invention.
The capacitor 11 passes through a rectangular housing (outer shell container) 12 made of carbon steel, etc., an element 13 accommodated in the housing 12, kraft paper 19, and an upper plate 14 of the housing 12. And a terminal 16 protruding from the tip of the insulator 15, a lead wire 17 connecting the terminal 16 and the element 13, and the housing 12 has insulation for electrical insulation and cooling. PCB oil 18 which is oil is filled.

Details of each step when the capacitor of FIG. 2 is processed according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 1 will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to this.
(1) Drilling process In the drainage of PCB oil prior to the decomposition of the PCB-containing capacitor, there are many cases where PCB insulating oil is pressurized and sealed inside the capacitor during production, and gas is generated by corona discharge during use. Some have increased internal pressure. For this reason, there is a possibility that PCB oil will be ejected by the generated gas when drilling with a drill such as a drill in this state.

  For this reason, for example, it is preferable to make a hole with a liquid draining device shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, 21 is an elastic body block, 22 is a hollow punch, and 23 is a liquid draining line. The elastic body block 21 is provided with a through hole, and the diameter thereof is preferably at least equal to or less than the outer diameter of the hollow punch in order to maintain the close contact with the hollow punch 22. The elastic body block 21 can achieve its purpose as long as it has a function of keeping the contact portion with the hollow punch 22 and the contact portion with the outer can surface of the capacitor 11, but it may be a solid material or in a tube shape when used. Air may be introduced for close contact. The material of the elastic block 21 is preferably a highly oil-resistant rubber that is resistant to PCB oil. For example, nitrile butadiene rubber, silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, and the like can be used.

Drilling can be performed as follows, for example. The capacitor 11 is fixed to the punching device 1, and the elastic body block 21 is attached to the upper plate 14 of the housing 12. The hollow punch 22 is lowered in the direction of the arrow by a hydraulic cylinder or the like to pierce the upper plate 14, and at the same time, the gas in the condenser 11 and the PCB oil 18 are discharged to the outside through the liquid drain line 23 connected to the pipe line in the hollow punch. The pressurized state is eliminated. Due to the close contact between the elastic body block 21 and the upper plate 14 and the close contact between the hollow punch 22 and the elastic body block 21, the gas in the capacitor 11 and the PCB oil 18 are discharged to the drain line 23 without leaking outside the capacitor 11. .
As this drilling device 1, for example, a device integrated with a PCB oil draining device described in Japanese Patent No. 3440089 can be used.

(2) Liquid Draining Process After the drilling process, when the internal pressure of the capacitor 11 becomes almost atmospheric pressure, the PCB oil 18 is extracted from the liquid draining device 2. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the hollow punch 22 is lowered to an appropriate depth (usually about 50 mm) inside the capacitor 11 and connected to a liquid drain line 23 connected to a pipe line provided in the hollow punch 22. By starting up, the PCB oil 18 can be extracted. Further, after that, the hollow punch 22 is extracted, and a separate oil-resistant and flexible tube is inserted into the hole formed by the hollow punch 22, and the PCB insulating oil is extracted by starting the pump connected to the tube. You can also.
The extracted PCB oil 18 is treated by a dechlorination method by a conventional method, and incinerated or disposed of in landfill.
As the liquid draining device 2, for example, a PCB oil draining device described in Japanese Patent No. 3440089 can be used.

(3) Container cutting step The oil-released casing 12 is cut by the cutting device 3 and the element 13 is taken out from the casing 12. For example, the upper plate 14 of the housing 12 is fixed to the cutting device 3, cut by a cutting means, and the element 13 is taken out from the housing 12. As the cutting means, tools such as a rotary blade, end mill, chisel, jigsaw and the like can be used, but a rotary blade is preferable. As a suitable cutting method using a rotary blade, there are the following methods.
The rotary blade is fixed to the stanchion, the distance between the upper plate 14 and the rotary blade is kept constant, and the rotary blade is automatically moved and cut. The set position is changed and the four sides of the upper plate 14 are cut. The cut | disconnected upper board is isolate | separated and the element 13 is taken out from the produced hole.

(4) Element processing step In the above (3) container cutting step, the separated elements are disassembled into parts as follows.
The element processing step includes element cutting, cleaning, crushing, and cleaning.
The element 13 has a structure in which aluminum foil and insulating paper such as kraft paper (or insulating paper, polyethylene film) are alternately wound, and the cleaning liquid does not penetrate even if it is cleaned as it is. Therefore, the element 13 is cut by the element cutting device 5 so that a ring made of the aluminum foil constituting the element is formed on the cut surface, and is washed by the cleaning device (2) 6 in the cut state. To do. The element is preferably cut so that the width (cutting interval) of the ring is substantially constant. The width of the ring cut is preferably 30 mm or less, more preferably 5 to 30 mm, and most preferably about 5 mm. If the cutting width is too large, the cleaning liquid does not sufficiently permeate the gap, and sufficient cleaning cannot be performed.
For the element cutting device 5, for example, an ultrasonic cutting machine (a cutting machine capable of efficiently cutting a soft object by ultrasonically vibrating the blade edge) can be used.
Further, as the cleaning device (2), a device for filling the basket with a ring-cutting element and cleaning it is preferable. In this case, the size of the eyes constituting the basket is appropriately selected so that the element to be cleaned does not pass through, and is preferably 2 to 10 mm × 2 to 10 mm, for example.

  Thereafter, the device is exposed to a cleaning liquid vapor to heat the device and reduce the pressure. As a result, the cleaning liquid is boiled under the reduced pressure, and is removed from the element and dried. By vacuum-drying, the ring-cut element is in a dry state, no adhesion, etc., and the crushing of the next process becomes easy.

The element can be disposed of in landfill, incineration, or the like as it is, but it is preferable to further crush the rounded element and fill the crushed pieces into the cleaning device (3) for cleaning. As the cleaning device (3), a known cleaning device can be used. Preferably, for example, a cleaning device described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-77219 can be used. The maximum side length of the element crushed pieces is preferably about 2 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 2 to 4 mm, and most preferably about 3 mm. If the element fragment is too large, the cleaning may be insufficient. Conversely, if the element fragment is too small, the element may come out of the basket.
When the crushed element is filled in the basket and washed, a washing basket with a lid is used so that the crushed pieces do not float and drift in the cleaning liquid. Moreover, uniform cleaning is possible by rotating the barrel. It is more preferable that the cleaning device (3) includes a heat storage body and can continuously perform drying. By heating the crushed pieces with a heat accumulator, the solvent can be quickly evaporated from the crushed pieces and dried.

  After that, the element fragments are incinerated and landfilled. The crushed pieces of the element are a mixture of aluminum foil and insulating paper (insulating paper, polyethylene film). For the definition of industrial waste, it is necessary to classify them as metal scraps and paper scraps. Therefore, before incineration / landfill treatment, for example, separation is performed by a separation device that utilizes a difference in charging with respect to static electricity in order to separate aluminum foil and insulating paper.

(5) Container Processing Step The container processing step includes cleaning of the entire remaining housing from which the element is taken out, housing / insulator separation, housing cleaning, insulator cleaning, and terminal cleaning.
The entire casing is cleaned by the cleaning device (1) 4. As the cleaning apparatus (1), for example, a multistage cleaning apparatus described in JP-A-2001-347237 can be used.
After washing, the insulator 15 coupled to the terminal 16 is taken out by cutting the upper plate 14 by a conventional method.
Next, the terminal 16 is separated from the insulator 15 by a conventional method. Since the terminal 16 is made of metal, it is washed together with the casing by a conventional method and recycled as metal. Similarly, the insulator 15 is also cleaned by a conventional method for recycling.

It is a process flowchart which shows an example of the processing method of this invention. It is the schematic which shows an example of a capacitor | condenser. It is the schematic which shows an example of a liquid removal apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hole punching device 2 Oil draining device 3 Cutting device 4 Cleaning device (1)
5 Element cutting device 6 Cleaning device (2)
7 Crushing device 8 Cleaning device (3)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Capacitor 12 Case 13 Element 14 Upper plate 15 Housing 16 Terminal 17 Lead wire 18 PCB oil 19 Kraft paper 21 Elastic block 22 Hollow punch 23 Liquid drain line

Claims (3)

A method for processing a PCB-containing capacitor, comprising: encasing an element in a housing; and detoxifying a capacitor filled with PCB-containing insulating oil, wherein the following steps are performed.
(A) a container cutting step of cutting the housing and taking out the element;
(B) the (a) after the step, the removed element, and sliced cut to wheels by an aluminum foil constituting the element on the cut surface is formed, and washed with sliced state, after the cleaning, and dry The element processing step of further crushing the element in the state of the round slice and cleaning the fragment again, and
(C) After the step (a), the entire remaining housing from which the element is taken out is washed, and after the washing, the insulator coupled to the terminal is removed from the housing, and the terminal is separated from the insulator, and after the separation , Container processing step of cleaning the casing, insulator and terminal again. An elastic block having a through hole is pressed against pressed against the outer surface of the PCB containing capacitors down service, by inserting a hollow punch having a internal conduit in the through hole of the elastic body blocks, in the wall of the PCB containing capacitors 2. The steps (a) to (c) are performed after a hole forming step for forming a hole and a liquid draining step for extracting the PCB-containing insulating oil present in the PCB-containing capacitor . A method for treating PCB-containing capacitors. 3. The method for treating a PCB-containing capacitor according to claim 1, wherein in the element treatment step, the crushed pieces are filled in a rotating cage with a lid and washed again.

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