JP4695766B2 - Fish parasite control agent and control method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pesticide and a method for controlling parasites parasitic on cultured fish in the aquaculture field.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In fish farming, parasites that parasitize outside the fish body are severely damaged, and there is a demand for appropriate extermination.
For example, in the cultivation of puffer fish such as tiger puffer, parasitic diseases are a very serious problem because they hinder stable production. Among parasitic diseases, in particular, heterobotulium infection is one of the most serious infectious diseases in farming trough pufferfish and the like because it occurs in any farm in Japan.
[0003]
Heterobothrium okamotoi, which is a parasite of pufferfish such as trough pufferfish, is parasitized by pufferfish and sucks blood from the flesh and surrounding meat parts, causing pufferfish to grow poorly. In some cases, he may die (Fishology [Infectious Diseases and Parasites] Shuzo Egusa, Hoshiseisha Koseikaku, 1983, p. 284-286). The life history of this worm is thought to end its life 4-5 months after hatching from eggs. The hatched larvae hatched from the eggs swim and infest with the pupae to become larvae. When they grow to about 5 to 6 mm, they move to the tissues surrounding the pupae, become parent worms and lay eggs.
Since both the larvae on the gill valve and the adults on the wall of the luminal cavity are extremely resistant to changes in drugs and osmotic pressure, so far, regarding the method of controlling the parasite, 2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,4 It is said that 7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino- [2,1-a] -isoquinolin-4-one (generic name: Praziquantel, manufactured by Bayer Co., Ltd.) is effective by orally administering 200 mg / mg for 3 days. Although there is a report (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-92309), an effective anthelmintic method has not been developed.
[0004]
The only countermeasure against this worm at the farming site is to bathe the fish in regular formalin around 800 ppm for about an hour. However, formalin is a carcinogenic substance and has a problem in terms of environmental pollution. Further, the hydrogen peroxide preparation approved for this disease in 1998 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-04678) has a problem that the range of effective concentration and toxicity expression concentration is narrow and difficult to use.
In view of the above, there is a strong demand for the development of drugs effective for the accurate control of fish ectoparasites for fish farming.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a fish parasite pesticide and method for controlling aquaculture in the aquaculture field. In particular, an object of the present invention is to provide a disinfectant and a disinfecting method for Heterobotulium, which is a parasite of puffer fish such as trough puffer fish.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides the following inventions described in the claims.
(1) A disinfectant for Heterobotium okamotoi, which is a parasite of puffer fish, characterized by comprising nitroskanate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient .
(2) puffer compound is pesticide of claim 1 which is Fugu rubripes.
( 3 ) A method for controlling Heterobotulin okamotoi, which is a parasite of pufferfish, comprising administering nitroskanate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the pufferfish .
(4 ) The extermination method according to claim 3 , wherein the pufferfish is a tiger pufferfish.
( 5 ) A feed for puffer fish comprising the pesticide according to claim 1.
(6 ) The feed for puffer fish according to claim 5 , wherein the pufferfish is a tiger pufferfish.
( 7 ) An injection for the treatment of infectious diseases of heterobotulium okamotoi, which is a parasite of puffer fish, characterized by containing an effective amount of nitroskanate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
( 8 ) The injection according to claim 7 , wherein the pufferfish is a tiger pufferfish.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
"Nitroscanate" (nitroscanate, manufactured by Sankyo Co., Ltd.) used in the present invention (Veterinary Drug Device Handbook 1998 edition, edited by the Japan Animal Health Care Association, p244-245) is 4- (4-nitrophenoxy) phenyl iso A compound called thiocyanate, a nematode such as a dog or cat (C. Genchi, G. Traldi, and MT Manfredi. Field trials of the anthelmintinc efficacy of nitroscanate and mebendazole in dogs. Veterinary Rec., 1990, 27, 77-80), tapeworms (JC Boray, MB Strong, JR Allison, M. von Orelli, G. Sarasin, and W. Gfeller. Nitroscanate a new broad spectrum anthelmintic against nematode and cestode of dogs and cats. Aust. Vet. J., 1979, 55, 45-53) and fluke (RA Cornish, and C. Bryant. Changes in energy metabolism due to anthemintics in Fascila hepatica maintained in vitro. Int. J. Parasitol., 1976, 6, p393-398 ) Is known as a pesticide.
[0008]
Parasites such as tapeworms and nematodes to be dewormed are mainly the gastrointestinal tract and liver, and parasites are dewormed by oral administration of nitroskanate. This mechanism of action is thought to be adenosine triphosphate synthesis inhibition (RA Cornish, and C. Bryant. Changes in energy metabolism due to anthelmintics in Fascila hepatica maintained in vitro. Int. J. Parasitol., 1976, 6, p393-398).
[0009]
Therefore, the present inventors examined the effect of nitroskanate on fish parasites, which are known as the parasites of puffer fish, such as heterobotulium okamotoi, and this substance is used for the control of fish parasites. I found out that I can do it.
In the present invention, in addition to nitroscanate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used as an active ingredient. Here, pharmaceutically acceptable salts are inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate; acetate, tartrate, citrate, fumarate, maleate, toluenesulfonic acid Mean organic salts such as salts and metasulfonates; metal salts such as sodium salts, potassium salts and calcium salts; salts with bases such as trimethylamine salts, guanidine salts and ammonium salts.
In addition, the nitroskanate which concerns on this invention, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a well-known compound.
[0010]
Examples of fish parasites to which the present invention is applied include monophytes, nematodes, tapeworms and flukes. Of these, the monophytes belong to the protozoan monomorphic class (fish pathology [infectious diseases and parasites] Shuzo Egusa, Hoshiseisha Koseikaku, 1983, p235-289).
Monophytes are hermaphrodite, mostly fish ectoparasites. The body length ranges from a small species of 1 mm or less to a few cm. It is divided into single rear suckers and multiple rear suckers depending mainly on the structure of the organs attached to the fish at the rear end.
[0011]
Major parasite taxa and species names belonging to the multiple rear suckers include Microcotyle sebastisci, Bivagina tai, Heteraxine heterocerca, Heterobothrium hetamobothrium okamotoi), Eudiplozoon nipponicum, Neoheterobothrium hirame, etc., but in the present invention, parasites belonging to heterobotulium, particularly heterobotulium okamotoi are the main. It is a target.
The taxonomic groups and species names of the main parasites belonging to the single rear suckers include Dactyrogyrus extensus, Peudoductylogyrus bini, Tetraonchus awakurai, Benedenia seriolae Benedenia seriolae), Neobenedenia girellae and the like.
[0012]
Tapeworms belong to the genus Coleoptera of flats (Introduction to Fish Pathology, edited by Kiyokuni Muroga and Shuzo Egusa, Hoshiseisha Koseikaku, 1996, p98), taxonomic groups and species names of the main parasites of this genus Examples thereof include Proteocephalus neglectus.
Nematodes belong to the nematode gate (Introduction to Fish Diseases, edited by Kiyokuni Muroga and Shuzo Egusa, Hoshiseisha Koseikaku, 1996, p98), the taxonomic groups and species names of the main parasites of this genus. Examples include Anguillicola Crassus.
[0013]
The flukes belong to the genus Chlorophyta (Introduction to Fish Pathology, edited by Kiyokuni Muroga and Shuzo Egusa, Hoshiseisha Koseikaku, 1996, p98). As the taxonomic group and species name of the main parasites belonging to the flukes, there are the parasite tachylyx grandispinus (Paradaeontacylix grandispinus), the paradeon tacilix kampachi (Paradaeontacylix kampachi), and the like.
[0014]
Next, the fishes to which the present invention is applied belong to the true bones of teleosts excluding herrings such as rainbow trout and carp, and include sea bass, puffer fish, flounder, eel and the like. Specific examples include hamachi, amberjack, hiramasa, thailand and shimaji, which belong to the perch species; pufferfish cormorants, finfish, tiger pufferfish, spiny pufferfish; flounder belonging to the flounder species; eel eels and the like.
Among these fishes, those infected with the above parasites or those that are likely to be infected are subject to application of the present invention.
[0015]
The nitroskanate according to the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is used in the form of feeds, injections, and the like containing these, in addition to a fish parasite control and control method. Therefore, there are various methods for administering these substances to fish, and in the case of using as a pesticide, a method in which the target fish is directly brought into contact with breeding water in which the anthelmintic is dissolved is applied. When used as feed, oral administration is applied, and when used as an injection, a method of injecting into an appropriate site of fish is adopted. In addition, when applying as an extermination method, any form of the above-mentioned various methods can be employed alone or in combination.
[0016]
For the control of parasites, in addition to using the compound as an active ingredient alone, if necessary, in combination with other substances, for example, auxiliary ingredients such as carriers, stabilizers, solvents, excipients, and diluents as appropriate. Can be used.
[0017]
Examples of the carrier include sodium alginate, lactose, cellulose, starch, gluten, casein, monocalcium phosphate, gelatin, polyethylene glycol, light anhydrous silicic acid and the like.
Examples of the stabilizer include propylene glycol, magnesium chloride, calcium ascorbate, tocopherol acetate, ethoxyquin, sodium pyrosulfite and the like.
Examples of the carrier used when dissolving the pesticide in the breeding water include a solvent or a solubilizing agent. Examples of the solvent include water, alcohols such as ethanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, and glycerol; propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, N-methylpyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of the solubilizer include polyvinylpyrrolidone, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monolaurate, polyvinyl alcohol and the like.
[0018]
The pesticide of the present invention only needs to contain an effective amount of the above-mentioned compound for controlling the target fish parasite, and the compound may be used alone or in combination with a carrier or other components. May be. In general, the concentration of the compound which is an active ingredient in a parasite control agent is 0.01 to 20%, preferably 0.05 to 10%. You may add 5-10% and an excipient | filler 0.1-10% suitably. In addition, in the case of a pesticide using the compound alone, it is preferable to use it diluted with an auxiliary component so that the concentration becomes the above-mentioned concentration at the time of use.
[0019]
When the parasitic repellent of the present invention is added to feed, nitroscanate, which is an active ingredient of the repellent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is gelatin, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxy It is preferable to use it coated with a coating agent such as propylmethylcellulose.
Examples of the coating method include known methods such as fluidized bed coating, Wurster coating, and jet stream dispersion coating. The use of the coated compound is preferable because it can prevent a decrease in the palatability of the feed and the effect that the compound as an active ingredient is less likely to leak from the fed feed.
[0020]
In addition, the feed containing the parasitic repellent of the present invention may contain any components used for fish breeding, such as fish meal, squid meal, krill meal, feed yeast, sardine mince, moist pellets, etc. These may be used alone or in appropriate combination of two or more. In addition, the compounding quantity to the feed of the said compound which is an active ingredient is the same as the case of the said pesticide.
[0021]
When the antiparasitic agent of the present invention is used as an injection (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal) agent, the compound as an active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in an appropriate solvent and added as necessary. Products such as solubilizers, acids, bases or buffer salts as isotonic agents, antioxidants and preservatives as appropriate, sterilized, filtered as necessary, bottles, etc. Fill the container.
Solvents used in this case include physiologically acceptable solvents such as water, alcohols (eg ethanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, glycerol), propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, N-methylpyrrolidone and mixtures thereof. Can be mentioned. Moreover, the said compound which is an active ingredient can also be dissolved in the physiologically acceptable vegetable oil or synthetic oil for injection.
[0022]
Any solubilizer may be used as long as it promotes dissolution of the active ingredient nitroskanate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in a solvent or prevents precipitation thereof, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, Examples include polyoxyethylated castor oil and polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, which are used alone or in combination.
Examples of preservatives include benzyl alcohol, trichloroethanol, p-hydroxybenzoic acids and n-butanol, which are used alone or in combination.
[0023]
Regarding the dose of the parasiticide control agent of the present invention, in the case of oral administration, the compound as an active ingredient is administered in an amount of 1 mg to 2 g, preferably 1 mg to 1 g, per 1 kg of fish body weight per day. The pesticide is given once or divided into several doses. The administration period is suitably 1 to 10 days.
In addition, when a parasite control agent is dissolved in the breeding water, and the fish body is immersed in the breeding water and brought into direct contact with the breeding water, the target fish is dissolved in the breeding water so that the concentration of the active ingredient is 0.5 to 500 ppm. For 10 minutes to 2 days.
In the case of injection administration, 0.1 mg to 200 mg, preferably 0.5 mg to 100 mg is administered at a time. In this case, the administration period is suitably 1 to 3 days.
[0024]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The test group was a total of 2 groups: an intraperitoneal administration group of 100 mg / kg body weight of nitroskanate and a group in which a physiological saline containing 3% sorbitan polyoxyethylene monolaurate was intraperitoneally administered as a control group. In the test, 2 trough puffer fish per nitroskanate administration group and 3 trough puffer fish per control group were used.
Each injection solution was prepared by adding 100 mg of nitroskanate or 150 μL of sorbitan polyoxyethylene monolaurate to a container, and then adding physiological saline to a final volume of 5 mL.
In the test, five trough puffer fish with an average fish weight of 171 g infected with heterobotulium okamotoi were used.
[0025]
The above-mentioned injection solution was administered to the intraperitoneal cavity of a tiger puffer fish infected with heterobotulium okamotoi to a weight of 1 mL / 200 g. On the 4th day after the administration was completed, the trough was taken up, necropsied, the aorta was cut, the blood was exsanguinated, the sputum was taken out, chopped into each 10% formalin solution and immersed in a 10% formalin solution for 10 minutes. Stir well.
The stirred gutter valve was poured over a net with plankton nets and washed thoroughly so that the remaining gutter valve was rubbed against the net. Next, the net was removed, the plankton net was washed well, and the seawater remaining on the plankton net was recovered when the seawater had flowed out sufficiently. This operation was repeated three times.
The collected seawater was poured into a petri dish and examined under a stereomicroscope to measure the number of parasites of heterobotulium okamotoi. The anthelmintic rate by nitroskanate was found to be 98.3% when the ratio of the number of parasites in the drug administration group to the number of parasites in the control group was determined.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a parasite control agent and a control method for cultured fish are provided. By using this pesticide, it is possible to effectively control the parasites of cultured fish.
Moreover, the infection of a parasite can be prevented or treated by making a cultured fish ingest the feed which added this pesticide.

Claims (8)

A disinfectant for Heterobotium okamotoi, a parasite of pufferfish, characterized by comprising nitroskanate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient . Puffer such is pesticide of claim 1 which is Fugu rubripes. A method for controlling a heterophyllum okamotoi, which is a parasite of pufferfish , which comprises administering nitroskanate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the pufferfish . The extermination method according to claim 3 , wherein the pufferfish is a tiger puffer. A feed for puffer fish comprising the pesticide according to claim 1. The feed for puffer fish according to claim 5 , wherein the pufferfish is a tiger puffer.   An injection for the treatment of infectious diseases of heterobotulium okamotoi, which is a parasite of puffer fish, characterized by containing an effective amount of nitroskanate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The injection according to claim 7 , wherein the pufferfish is a tiger puffer.