JPH1160485A - Pharmaceutical composition for treatment of exoparasitic acetabulum infectious disease of fish and fish feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a pharmaceutical composition effective against exoparasitic acetabula, a pharmaceutical composition for treatment of heterobothrium infectious diseases in Fugu rubripes, and pharmaceutical feed. SOLUTION: This pharmaceutical composition is a composition for treatment of exoparasitic acetabula infectious diseases of fish, including praziquantel as an active ingredient. This composition is used for oral treatment, being a composition for feed. The fish is Fugu rubripes rubripes, and the exoparasitic acetabula infectious disease is heterobothium infectious disease.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition and a fish feed for the treatment of ectoparasitic multiple posterior sucker infections of fish such as Heteroboturium infections of Trafugu.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Fish ectoparasites are significantly damaged during fish cultivation, and there is a demand for their proper control. For example,
Parasitic disease has become a very serious problem in trout cultivation because it hinders stable production. Among the parasitic diseases, heterobotulium infections are the most problematic for Trafugu, as they occur in any fishing ground in Japan.
Heterobothrium (Heterobothrium okamotoi ( Monophoridae )), a parasite of Torafugu , parasitizes only to Torafugu and sucks blood from Ellah and its surroundings. Cause The life history of this insect is 4 to 5 after hatching from the egg.
It is thought to end his life in months. Larvae hatched from eggs first parasitize the gills, where they become larvae, 5-6 mm
When it grows to the extent, it moves to the tissue surrounding the gill and embeds the grasper side in the tissue to become a parent insect and lay eggs.

Both the larva on the gill flap and the adult on the gill cavity wall are extremely resistant to changes in drugs and osmotic pressure, and no effective anthelmintic method has been developed so far. The only countermeasure against this insect at the site is to regularly bathe the fish with about 800 ppm of formalin for about one hour. However, with this treatment, only about 80% of the larvae can be controlled, and even the parent larvae do not fall off even if weakened, because a part of the body is buried in the host tissue. In addition, formalin is a carcinogenic substance, and poses a problem in terms of environmental pollution and the like. For this reason, it is indispensable to develop drugs and natural substances that are effective against parasites at low concentrations orally for the purpose of properly controlling fish ectoparasites during fish farming.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for fish which is effective against ectoparasitic polyps. An object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition and a feed for treating heterobotulium infection of Trafugu.

[0005]

The gist of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for treating ectoparasitic multiple posterior sucker infections in fish, which comprises praziquantel as an active ingredient. The composition is preferably for oral treatment. The present invention also provides a fish feed characterized by containing the above-mentioned drug composition. The gist of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition for treating Heterobotulium infection of Trafugu, comprising praziquantel as an active ingredient. The composition is preferably for oral treatment. In addition, the present invention provides a feed for a tiger puffer characterized by containing the above-mentioned drug composition.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The multiple suckers belong to the phylum Monophyta. Monoplasias belong to the monophyta of the phyla. Hermaphroditic, mostly ectoparasites of fish. Length is 1
They range from small species of less than mm to several cm. It is mainly divided into single-post suckers and multi-post suckers according to the structure of the organs attached to the fish at the rear end. The taxonomic groups and species names of the main parasites belonging to the polypodal suckers, “Characteristics of the parasite”, and the name of the main infected fish / disease are the names of Microcot .
yle sebastisci ), << 2 rows of graspers , total 30-60 >>,
[Scorpion Micro Kochire], Bivagina Thailand ( Bivagina
tai ), << 2 rows of graspers, total number of more than 80 >>, [Vivaginosis of red sea bream], Heteraxine Heteraxine
heterocerca ), << Left and right asymmetry, length of grasping device row is different >>, [Bellied sting disease], Heterobothrium okamotoi ( Heterobothrium okamotoi ), << Two rows of grasping device,
4 each), [Heterobotulism in Trafugu] Eudiplozoon nipponicum ,
"Two rows of graspers, two insects united in an X-shape", and [Carp and crucian carp scabies].

[0007] “Pradicantel” used in the present invention is
The chemical name is (±) -2- (cyclohexylcarbonyl) -1,
2,3,6,7,11-hexahydro-4-pyrazino- [2,1-
α] Isoquinolin-4-one is a pyrazinoisoquinoline-based compound called a pesticidal agent against human flukemic and paragonimiasis.

The present agent is rapidly taken up by the fluke body, destabilizes the membrane structure of the fluke due to the interaction with the outer membrane phospholipid, and promotes the influx of Ca ⁺⁺ into the fluke. Ca ^{++ that} has flowed into the fluke body causes muscle contraction of the fluke and structural damage (vacuumization etc.) of the fluke outer skin and kills the fluke body. It was observed that when larvae and parent worms of heterobotulium were immersed in a solution containing this agent, they became vacuolated and killed, as did human fluke.

Therefore, the effect of praziquantel on heterobotulium infection, a parasitosis of Trafugu, was examined. That is, by adding praziquantel to the food of Trafugu and administering it, it was examined whether it is possible to prevent the infection of heterobotulitis and cure the disease, and as shown in the Examples below, A curative effect on heterobotulium infection was observed.

In the present invention, when praziquantel is used as an optional form of a pharmaceutical feed such as pellets, granules and tablets, it is preferably contained in the feed at a concentration of 0.0001 to 5% by weight. The introduction of praziquantel is carried out at the technically relevant stage of the production of the feed such that it is evenly distributed in the final product.

The composition or production method of the feed of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any feed for fish farming may be used as long as praziquantel is added. For example, it contains protein, starch, moisture and oil as essential components, and the starch consists of at least flour and starch, and the gluten in the flour is reticulated to provide an oil content in the range of 5 to 30% by weight and 15 to 40% by weight. A flexible, resilient, porous fish feed with% moisture in the reticulated tissue is used. These porous high-lipid fish feeds can use almost the same raw materials as ordinary fish feeds. , But is characterized by an oil content in the range of 5 to 30% by weight and a water content in the range of 15 to 40% by weight. As a starch raw material,
Flour and starch are essential ingredients. Starch depends on the hardness of the target fish feed, etc.
Wheat, rice, tapioca, milo, sorghum, horseradish,
Various types of starch such as sweet potatoes and sago palm can be used. Tapioca starch is preferred in order to obtain a molded feed having both softness and elasticity. After adding fats and oils to the raw material for fish farming, water is added, and the mixture is heated and kneaded by a pressurizing and heating extruder to produce. When the oil content is high in such an amount, an excellent effect in promoting the growth of fish can be obtained. The oil content includes animal fats and vegetable fats and oils in addition to fats derived from raw materials such as fish meal. As the fats and oils, those containing ω3 fatty acids of highly unsaturated fatty acids are preferable, and the melting point is −2.
It is preferable to use one having a temperature of 0 to 50 ° C. Here, the amount of water added is adjusted so as to be in a state suitable for obtaining a water content of 15 to 40% by drying after extrusion molding.
It is better to add 5% water. Due to its porous and soft physical properties, it has good feeding and good digestibility in fish digestive tract. Physiological disorders are less likely to occur due to the high water content of the feed. The oil content of the feed can also be adjusted to the optimum required amount according to the growth stage of the fish.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments. The present invention is not limited by these examples.

Example 1 [Method] Praziquantel tablets sold by Praziquantel Bayer Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. were pulverized and used for the test. Test fish An average fish weight of about 63.6 g was used for the test. There were a total of two sections: a praziquantel-added group fed with a test group praziquantel-added feed and a control section fed with non-added feed. In addition, 1% of the body weight of each section was fed. The dose of praziquantel at this time was 40 mg / fish body weight / day. Test feed composition of the test feed is shown in Table 1 [Test feed composition (%)].

[0014]

[Table 1] ───────────────────────────────── Test area ───────────原料 Raw material praziquantel added control ───────────────────────────────── Mineral 0.20 .2 Calcium phosphate 0.8 0.8 Vitamin mix 2.0 2.0 CMC 2.0 2.0 Active gluten 5.0 5.0 Brown meal 34.0 34.0 White meal 25.0 25.0 Ika meal 5 5.0 5.0 krill meal 10.0 10.0 10.0 rice bran 9.388 10.0 feed iol 6.0 6.0 praziquantel 0.612-───────────────── ────────────────

Attack test test Fish 1 of a group free from diseases such as heterobotulium infection
Two fish (normal fish) were each housed in a 100-liter water tank, and each test feed was fed. Seven days later, six fish (infected fish) which had been infected with about 50 heterobotulium individuals in advance were added to each test group, and were continuously kept on the test feed for 83 days. Also,
The stage of the infected fish at this time was the parent. 30 days after commencement of feeding, 2 infected fish and 4 normal fish from each section
The tail was sampled, and the number of parasites parasitizing the gills was measured. The water temperature during the test period is 1 until 30 days after mixing.
5.8 ° C. Thereafter, the temperature was set to the natural water temperature, and was 19.0 ° C. at the end of the test. Water exchange during the test period was 20 revolutions / day. Evaluation was performed by comparing the mortality status of each section during the test period, and measuring and comparing the number of gill parasites of the infected fish in each section to examine the healing effect and the infection prevention effect.

[Results and Discussion] At the end of the test, the survival rate of the infected fish was 100% in the praziquantel-added group and 50% in the control group, indicating the effect of the present drug (FIG. 1). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the number of parasites of this insect on the gills of the infected fish after 30 days of feeding (FIG. 3). But,
Parasite and larva parasitism was almost not observed in the infected fish in the praziquantel-added group that survived at the end of the test, and a clear healing effect of this drug against heterobotulium infection was observed (FIG. 4). From these results, praziquantel is not an inhibitory effect on hatchling larvae infection,
It was thought that it had the effect of shortening the lifespan and that it had the effect of preventing larvae from becoming parents.

On the other hand, the survival of normal fish was 100%
The control group was 25%, and the effect of praziquantel was recognized as described above (FIG. 2). The number of parasites of the gills of the gills of the normal fish showed the same tendency as that of the infected fish (FIGS. 5 and 6). From the above results, it was confirmed that by adding praziquantel to the diet and orally administering it to the fish, a healing effect was obtained for the fish infected with heterobotulium.

[0018]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION By mixing with food, there is no disadvantage that the whole breeding environment is treated, and it has an effect on ectoparasitic multiple suckers, for example, treatment of Heterobothrium infection of Trafugu Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 Comparison of survival of infected fish in the test section (n = 4)
FIG.

FIG. 2 Comparison of survival of normal fish in the test section (n = 8)
FIG.

FIG. 3 is a drawing showing a comparison (n = 2) of the number of parasites in infected fish after 30 days.

FIG. 4 shows a comparison of the number of parasites of infected fish that survived at the end of the test (83 days) (Pradicantel-added group; n =
4 is a drawing showing a control group; n = 2).

FIG. 5 is a drawing showing comparison (n = 4) of the number of parasites of normal fish after 30 days.

FIG. 6: Comparison of the number of parasitoids of normal fish that survived at the end of the test (after 83 days) (Pradicantel-added group; n =
8, a control; n = 2).

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A pharmaceutical composition for treating ectoparasitic multiple sucker infections in fish, comprising praziquantel as an active ingredient. 2. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is for oral treatment. 3. The pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of ectoparasitic polybasic sucker infections in fish according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fish is Trafugu and the ectoparasitic poly sucker infection is heterobotulium infection. Stuff. 4. A fish feed comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3.