JP4686214B2 - Cylindrical substrate turning method, turning device, photoreceptor, image forming apparatus, and image forming method - Google Patents

Description

  In the present invention, a shaft member, a brush-like vibration absorbing member having a large number of linear elastic bodies extending radially from the shaft member, and a (core) are inserted into a cylindrical substrate, and the surface of the cylindrical substrate is turned. The present invention relates to a method for turning a cylindrical substrate to be processed, a turning apparatus for the same, a photoreceptor, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming method.

Photoconductors used in electrophotographic apparatuses such as copying machines, printers, and fax machines (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “electrostatic latent image carriers”, “electrophotographic photoreceptors”, and “photoconductive insulators”) It has a cylindrical base and a photosensitive layer formed on the cylindrical base. Flange is attached to both end portions of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and is mounted in the electrophotographic apparatus for image formation.
Recently, the electrophotographic apparatus has become full-color, and color misregistration of multicolor images has become a serious problem. In order to minimize the color misregistration, an electrophotographic photosensitive member with high dimensional accuracy is required, and a cylindrical substrate with high accuracy is desired.

  Conventionally, as a method of manufacturing a highly accurate cylindrical substrate, for example, a method of correcting roundness or the like using a special apparatus before turning the surface of the cylindrical substrate has been proposed (patent) Reference 1). However, this proposed method increases the number of steps for correcting the cylindrical substrate, leading to an increase in cost. In addition, since measures against chatter vibration and the like generated during turning are not taken, there is a problem that a highly accurate cylindrical base body cannot be obtained.

  In addition, a method has been proposed in which a high-precision portion is produced on a cylindrical substrate before turning, and a high-precision cylindrical substrate for a photoconductor is manufactured by holding the high-precision portion and turning (patent). Reference 2 and Patent Document 3). In this proposal, the inner surface of the end portion of the cylindrical base body is subjected to inlaying before turning, and then the surface of the cylindrical base body is turned while holding the inlay processing portion. However, the proposed manufacturing method requires a process and a special apparatus for performing an inlay process before the surface turning process of the cylindrical substrate, and there is a problem that the manufacturing cost of the cylindrical substrate increases.

  In addition, a method of manufacturing a cylindrical substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member with high accuracy without pretreatment of the cylindrical substrate before turning has been proposed (see Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5). These proposals employ means for manufacturing by inserting a hollow elastic body into a cylindrical base during turning. However, these proposals have a problem that a special device and process for mounting and separating the hollow elastic body before and after the turning process are required, resulting in high cost.

Patent Document 6 proposes a method of manufacturing by inserting a heavy object into the inside of a cylindrical base during turning. However, in this proposal, since a heavy object is inserted into the cylindrical base body, workability is lowered, and it is necessary to detach the heavy object separately.
In addition, as a method of manufacturing a high-precision cylindrical substrate without providing a pretreatment or a separate process, a manufacturing method has been proposed in which a jig for stabilizing the substrate is added to an apparatus for holding the substrate during turning. (See Patent Document 7). However, in this proposal, since a method is used in which the air pipes are arranged in a spiral shape and the cylindrical substrate is stabilized by the air pressure, the substrate holding device becomes very complicated, resulting in high costs.

  Patent Document 8 proposes a method of manufacturing a cylindrical substrate having ribs on the inner surface. However, there is a possibility that the vibration absorbing member in contact with the inner surface of the cylindrical substrate may be biased only under the conditions of the proposed method. At this time, a uniform force is not transmitted to the inner surface of the cylindrical substrate, making it impossible to manufacture a highly accurate cylindrical substrate. If the contact member is too low in hardness, chatter occurs, and if the contact member is too high in force, the force from the contact member to the cylindrical base becomes strong, and the base is held in a deformed state. Further, since the cylindrical substrate after processing is released from the force received at the time of holding and returns to the shape before processing, there is a problem that the deflection becomes large and a highly accurate cylindrical substrate cannot be manufactured.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-314843 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-160901 JP 2003-167361 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-198501 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-304803 Utility Model Registration No. 2604434 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-52680 JP 2002-224905 A

  An object of the present invention is to solve various problems in the prior art and achieve the following objects. That is, in the present invention, a shaft member, a brush-like vibration absorbing member having a large number of linear elastic bodies extending radially from the shaft member, and a core are used without using a special device or process. By turning the surface of the cylindrical substrate by inserting it into the substrate, chatter vibrations and vibrations can be eliminated, and a cylindrical substrate turning method and a cylindrical substrate turning capable of obtaining a highly accurate cylindrical substrate are obtained. It is an object of the present invention to provide a processing apparatus, a photoreceptor, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming method.

Means for solving the problems are as follows. That is,
<1> A cylindrical base turning process in which a brush-like vibration-absorbing member having a large number of linear elastic bodies extending radially from a shaft member is inserted into the cylindrical base and the surface of the cylindrical base is turned. A method,
A method of turning a cylindrical substrate, wherein the radial length of the brush-like vibration absorbing member is longer than the inner diameter of the cylindrical substrate. In the method of turning a cylindrical substrate according to <1>, it is possible to easily perform the turning without the need for pretreatment of the cylindrical body before turning or gripping the cylindrical body with a special device as in the conventional method. It becomes possible to process.
<2> The cylindrical substrate turning method according to <1>, wherein the linear elastic body of the brush-like vibration absorbing member has a hardness in accordance with JIS K6301 (spring A type) of 30 to 90 Hs. In the method of turning a cylindrical substrate according to <2>, by setting the hardness of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member, the cylindrical body is not deformed when the core is inserted, and at the time of turning Since the vibration damping effect can be exhibited, a more accurate electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate can be manufactured.

<3> Ratio (w / t) of width direction length (w) of linear elastic body in brush-like vibration absorbing member and thickness direction length (t) of linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member Is a method of turning a cylindrical substrate according to any one of <1> to <2>, wherein 1.0 is 1.0 or more.
<4> The width direction length (w) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is 20% or less of the circumferential length 2πR (where R represents the radius of the cylindrical base) of the cylindrical base. The method for turning a cylindrical substrate according to any one of <1> to <3>.
<5> The method for turning a cylindrical substrate according to any one of <1> to <4>, wherein an area in which the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate satisfies the relationship of the following formula 1. .
<Formula 1>
0.14 ≦ n × w1 × (L / A) ≦ 0.95
In Equation 1, n represents the number of linear elastic bodies in the brush-like vibration absorbing member that contacts the inner wall of the cylindrical base. w1 represents the length in the width direction in which the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. L represents the length that the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. A represents the total area of the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate.
In the turning method of the cylindrical substrate according to any one of <3> to <5>, it is possible to suppress vibration during turning by defining an appropriate shape of the brush-like vibration absorbing member. Thus, it is possible to manufacture a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member with higher accuracy.
<6> The linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is bent by 90 deg, and the force (F) measured by applying a force gauge perpendicular to the linear elastic body at a position 20 mm from the bending point is 0. The method for turning a cylindrical substrate according to any one of <1> to <5>, wherein the turning method is 60 gf / cm ² or less.
<7> A shaft member, a brush-like vibration absorbing member having a large number of linear elastic bodies extending radially from the shaft member, and a spacer for fixing the brush-like vibration absorbing member in a state of being inserted into the cylindrical base body And having
The cylindrical substrate turning processing apparatus is characterized in that a radial length of the brush-like vibration absorbing member is longer than an inner diameter of the cylindrical substrate. In the turning apparatus for a cylindrical substrate described in <7>, as in the past, it is not necessary to pre-process the cylindrical body before turning or to grip the cylindrical body with a special apparatus, and it is easy to turn. It becomes possible to process.

<8> The cylindrical substrate turning processing apparatus according to <7>, wherein the linear elastic body of the brush-like vibration absorbing member has a hardness in accordance with JIS K6301 (spring A type) of 30 to 90 Hs. In the method of turning a cylindrical substrate according to <8>, by setting the hardness of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member, the cylindrical body is not deformed when the core is inserted, and at the time of turning Since the vibration damping effect can be exhibited, a more accurate electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate can be manufactured.
<9> The ratio (w / t) of the width direction length (w) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member and the thickness direction length (t) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member. Is a turning device for a cylindrical substrate according to any one of <7> to <8>, wherein 1.0 is 1.0 or more.
<10> The width direction length (w) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is 20% or less of the circumferential length 2πR (where R represents the radius of the cylindrical base) of the cylindrical base. The cylindrical substrate turning apparatus according to any one of <7> to <9>.
<11> The cylindrical substrate turning processing device according to any one of <7> to <10>, wherein an area in which the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate satisfies the relationship of the following mathematical formula 1. .
<Formula 1>
0.14 ≦ n × w1 × (L / A) ≦ 0.95
In Equation 1, n represents the number of linear elastic bodies in the brush-like vibration absorbing member that contacts the inner wall of the cylindrical base. w1 represents the length in the width direction in which the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. L represents the length that the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. A represents the total area of the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate.
In the turning apparatus for a cylindrical substrate according to any one of <9> to <11>, it is possible to suppress vibration during turning by defining an appropriate shape of the brush-like vibration absorbing member. Thus, it is possible to provide an apparatus capable of manufacturing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member with higher accuracy.

<12> A cylindrical substrate processed by the method of turning a cylindrical substrate according to any one of <1> to <6>, and at least a photosensitive layer on the cylindrical substrate. It is a photoreceptor.
Since the photoconductor of the present invention has the cylindrical base body of the present invention, chatter vibrations and vibrations can be eliminated and the photoconductor is highly accurate.

<13> a photosensitive member, an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member, a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image with toner to form a visible image, In an image forming apparatus having at least transfer means for transferring the visible image to a recording medium and fixing means for fixing the transfer image transferred to the recording medium.
The image forming apparatus is characterized in that the photoconductor is the photoconductor described in <12>.
In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, since the high-precision photoconductor of the present invention is used, it is possible to form a high-quality image without color misregistration or abnormal images.

<14> An electrostatic latent image forming step of forming an electrostatic latent image on a photoconductor, a developing step of developing the electrostatic latent image with toner to form a visible image, and the visible image In an image forming method comprising at least a transfer step of transferring to a recording medium and a fixing step of fixing the transferred image transferred to the recording medium,
The image forming method, wherein the photoconductor is the photoconductor described in <12>.
In the image forming method of the present invention, since the high-accuracy photoconductor of the present invention is used, it is possible to form a high-quality image free from color shifts and abnormal images.

  According to the present invention, conventional problems can be solved, and brush-like vibration absorption having a shaft member and a large number of linear elastic bodies extending radially from the shaft member without using a special device or process. By inserting a member and (core) into a cylindrical substrate and turning the surface of the cylindrical substrate, chatter vibrations and vibrations can be eliminated, and a cylindrical substrate with high accuracy can be obtained. A turning method, a turning device for a cylindrical substrate, a photoreceptor, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming method can be provided.

(Turning method for cylindrical substrate and turning device for cylindrical substrate)
According to the method of turning a cylindrical substrate of the present invention, a brush-like vibration absorbing member having a large number of linear elastic bodies extending radially from a shaft member is inserted into the cylindrical substrate, and the surface of the cylindrical substrate is removed. It includes a step of turning, and further includes other steps as necessary.
The cylindrical substrate turning processing apparatus of the present invention includes a shaft member, a brush-shaped vibration absorbing member having a large number of linear elastic bodies extending radially from the shaft member, and the brush-shaped vibration absorbing member as a cylindrical substrate. And a spacer that is fixed in a state of being inserted inside, and further includes other members as necessary.
The method for turning a cylindrical substrate according to the present invention can be preferably carried out by the turning device for a cylindrical substrate according to the present invention. When the cylindrical substrate turning apparatus of the present invention is implemented, the cylindrical substrate turning method of the present invention is implemented.

The brush-like vibration absorbing member includes a shaft member and a number of linear elastic bodies extending radially from the shaft member, and further includes other members as necessary.
The shaft member is not particularly limited in size, shape, material, and the like and can be appropriately selected from known materials according to the purpose. Examples of the material of the shaft member include steel ( Carbon steel, carbon tool steel, high speed tool steel, nickel chrome steel, chrome molybdenum steel, etc.), stainless steel, brass steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, zinc alloy, and the like.

  The size, shape, material, etc. of the linear elastic body are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, the material may be a material having a high vibration-proofing effect. For example, natural rubber, butadiene rubber, acrylic rubber, urethane rubber, neoprene rubber, and the like can be used.

A radial length of the brush-like vibration absorbing member is longer than an inner diameter of the cylindrical base, and specifically, a radial length of the brush-like vibration absorbing member is equal to that of the cylindrical base. It is preferably 1 mm or longer than the inner diameter. If the length in the radial direction of the brush-like vibration absorbing member is shorter than the inner diameter of the cylindrical base, the brush-like vibration absorbing member cannot contact the inner surface of the cylindrical base during turning. It becomes impossible to absorb vibration generated during processing, and chatter vibration or the like may occur.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the radial direction length of the said brush-like vibration-absorbing member, According to the objective, it can select suitably, 5-20 mm is preferable. The radial length of the brush-like vibration absorbing member is a case where the shape of the brush-like vibration absorbing member is circular or elliptical, and is diagonal when the shape of the brush-like vibration absorbing member is square. .

  The hardness of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member according to JIS K6301 (spring A type) is preferably 30 to 90 Hs, and more preferably 40 to 70 Hs. If the hardness is less than 30 Hs, it becomes impossible to absorb vibration generated during turning, and chatter vibration may occur. If it exceeds 90 Hs, the brush-like vibration absorbing member is attached to the cylindrical base body. The cylindrical base body may be deformed when it is inserted into the tube. If turning is performed as it is, the deflection and progress of the cylindrical base body after turning may increase, and the target accuracy may not be obtained. .

The ratio (w / t) of the width direction length (w) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member and the thickness direction length (t) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is: 1.0 or more is preferable, and 1.1 to 20 is more preferable. When the ratio (w / t) is less than 1.0, when the brush-like vibration absorbing member is inserted into the cylindrical substrate, the linear elastic body may be inserted in a twisted state. Since the elastic body does not uniformly contact the inner wall of the cylindrical base, the brush-like vibration absorbing member does not uniformly absorb the vibration of the cylindrical base during turning. Therefore, the turning process is not performed uniformly, and a cylindrical base body with a desired accuracy may not be obtained.
Further, the length (w) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is preferably 20% or less of the circumferential length 2πR (where R represents the radius of the cylindrical substrate) of the cylindrical substrate. 1 to 11% is more preferable. When the length in the width direction (w) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member exceeds 20% of the circumferential length (2πR) of the cylindrical base, it is difficult to insert the brush-like elastic into the cylindrical base, In addition, there is a problem that it becomes difficult to draw after turning and the work becomes complicated. In addition, the brush-like elastic body may not be able to contact all the inner wall of the cylindrical base body during turning, and may not be able to absorb the target vibration.

The area where the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate preferably satisfies the following formula: 0.14 ≦ n × w1 × (L / A) ≦ 0.95. More preferably, 0.24 ≦ n × w1 × (L / A) ≦ 0.78 is satisfied.
However, in said formula, n represents the number of the linear elastic bodies in the brush-like vibration absorption member which contacts the inner wall of a cylindrical base | substrate. w1 represents the length in the width direction in which the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. L represents the length that the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. A represents the total area of the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate.
When the (n × w1 × (L / A)) is less than 0.14, the brush-like vibration absorbing member may not be able to absorb vibration during turning, and when it exceeds 0.95, Since the linear elastic bodies interfere with each other, the linear elastic bodies do not uniformly contact the inner wall of the cylindrical base body, so that the brush-like elastic body uniformly vibrates the cylindrical base body during turning. Will not absorb. Therefore, the turning process is not performed uniformly, and a cylindrical substrate with a desired accuracy may not be obtained.

The force (F) measured by bending the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member by 90 deg and applying a force gauge perpendicular to the linear elastic body at a position 20 mm from the bending point is 0.60 gf / cm ² or less is preferable, and 0.45 gf / cm ² or less is more preferable.
If the force (F) exceeds 0.60 gf / cm ² , the cylindrical base body may be deformed when the brush-like vibration absorbing member is inserted into the cylindrical base body. In some cases, the deflection and progress of the cylindrical substrate after processing increase, and the target accuracy may not be obtained.

The cylindrical substrate is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity and is cylindrical (drum-shaped), and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, a conductor or an insulator subjected to a conductive treatment is used. For example, metals such as Al, Ni, Fe, Cu, Au, or alloys thereof; metals such as Al, Ag, Au, etc. on an insulating substrate such as polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyimide resin, glass, Or a thin film of a conductive material such as In ₂ O ₃ or SnO ₂ ; a resin in which carbon black, graphite, Al, Cu, Ni or other metal powder, conductive glass powder, or the like is uniformly dispersed in the resin. Examples thereof include a resin substrate provided with conductivity, and paper subjected to a conductive treatment.
Among these, an aluminum alloy is particularly preferable. Examples of the aluminum alloy include a JIS 1000 series aluminum alloy, a JIS 3000 series aluminum alloy, and a JIS 6000 series aluminum alloy. In addition to the aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and nickel are also applicable, and even cylindrical bodies made of various polymer materials can be applied.

  The spacer is not particularly limited in size, shape, material, etc. as long as it has a function for fixing the brush-like vibration absorbing member at an arbitrary position of the cylindrical base body, and is appropriately selected according to the purpose. The size of the spacer is preferably smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical substrate when a hard member is used for insertion into the cylindrical substrate.

Here, FIG.1 and FIG.4 is a figure which shows the structure of the brush-like vibration-absorbing member (core) 9 of this invention. At the time of turning, the holding portion 5 of the cylindrical base and the introduction member 4 of the cylindrical base are connected by the shaft member 3.
The brush-like vibration absorbing member 9 has a large number of linear elastic bodies 1 extending radially from the shaft member 3 and has a brush-like appearance (see FIG. 4).
As shown in FIG. 1, the shaft member 3 is provided with a spacer 2. The brush-like vibration absorbing member 9 and the spacer 2 are processed so that the shaft member 3 can penetrate, and are fixed so as not to move in the axial direction when assembled into a core state. .

FIG. 2 is a view showing a state where a brush-like vibration absorbing member (core) 9 is inserted into the cylindrical base 6.
Since the outer diameter of the brush-like vibration absorbing member 9 is larger than the inner diameter of the cylindrical base body 6, when the brush-like vibration absorbing member (core) 9 is inserted into the cylindrical base body 6, The part is in close contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical base 6. As described above, the linear elastic body 1 of the brush-like vibration absorbing member 9 is in close contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical base 6, so that chatter vibration is suppressed during turning, and a highly accurate cylindrical base can be manufactured. Become.

  At the time of turning, the cylindrical base gripping portion 7 is connected to a turning machine main body (not shown) by a connecting portion 8 of the turning machine. The cylindrical base body 6 into which the brush-like vibration absorbing member (core) 9 is inserted is mounted on a turning machine (not shown) by manual or automatic conveyance system (not shown). At this time, one end of the cylindrical substrate is held by the holding portion 5 of the cylindrical substrate of the core. The other non-gripped end is mounted so as to be gripped by the cylindrical base gripping portion 7 connected to the turning machine main body (not shown) by the connecting portion 8 of the turning machine.

Then, after the cylindrical base 6 is mounted on a turning machine (not shown), a motor (not shown) attached to the turning machine is driven, and the cylindrical base is rotated by a transmission device such as a belt or a chain.
After the rotation of the cylindrical base is stabilized in this way, the cutting tool is turned on the surface of the cylindrical base 6 by moving the cutting tool in the axial direction from the end of the cylindrical base.
In FIG. 2, the cylindrical base introduction part 4 and the cylindrical base holding part 7 are not in contact, but may be in contact. Further, although one-side driving and both-side driving are known as driving methods, the present invention is not limited to these driving methods.

3A, 3B, and 3C show typical shapes of the cross-section of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member, FIG. 3A shows an elliptical shape, FIG. 3B shows a quadrangular shape, and FIG. 3C shows a trapezoidal shape. Respectively.
As shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, the cross-sectional shape of the linear elastic body in the brush-shaped vibration absorbing member is the width (w) of the linear elastic body in the brush-shaped vibration absorbing member and the brush shape. The ratio (w / t) to the thickness direction length (t) of the linear elastic body in the vibration absorbing member is preferably 1.0 or more, but in the case of 1.0 (w = t), that is, Circular and square shapes can also be used.

(Photoconductor)
The photoreceptor of the present invention comprises a photosensitive layer on the cylindrical substrate of the present invention, and further comprises other layers as necessary.
As the photoreceptor, in the first embodiment, the cylindrical substrate and a single-layer photosensitive layer are provided on the substrate, and further include a protective layer, an intermediate layer, and other layers as necessary. It becomes.
In the second embodiment, the photosensitive member comprises a cylindrical substrate, and a laminated photosensitive layer having at least a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order on the substrate, and further if necessary. A protective layer, an intermediate layer, and other layers. In the second embodiment, the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer may be laminated in reverse.

-Multilayer type photosensitive layer-
The multilayer photosensitive layer has at least a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order, and further includes a protective layer, an intermediate layer, and other layers as necessary.

  The charge generation layer includes at least a charge generation material, and includes a binder resin and, if necessary, other components.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said charge generation substance, Although it can select suitably according to the objective, Either an inorganic material and an organic material can be used.

  The inorganic material is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include crystalline selenium, amorphous selenium, selenium-tellurium, selenium-tellurium-halogen, and selenium-arsenic compounds. It is done.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said organic type material, According to the objective, it can select suitably according to the objective, For example, C.I. Pigment Blue 25 (Color Index CI.21180), C.I. Pigment Red 41 ( CI 21200), CI Acid Red 52 (CI 45100), CI Basic Red 3 (CI 45210), azo pigments having a carbazole skeleton, azo pigments having a distyrylbenzene skeleton, triphenylamine Azo pigments having a skeleton, azo pigments having a dibenzothiophene skeleton, azo pigments having an oxadiazole skeleton, azo pigments having a fluorenone skeleton, azo pigments having a bis-stilbene skeleton, azo pigments having a distyryl oxadiazole skeleton, di Has a styrylcarbazole skeleton Azo pigments such as Zo pigment; phthalocyanine pigments such as C.I. Pigment Blue 16 (C.I. 74100); indigo such as C. I.But Brown (C.I. 73410), C.I. Pigments; perylene pigments such as Argol Scarlet 5 (manufactured by Bayer), Indusence Scarlet R (manufactured by Bayer); and squalic dyes. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said binder resin, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, a polyamide resin, a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, a polyketone resin, a polycarbonate resin, a silicone resin, an acrylic resin, a polyvinyl butyral resin, polyvinyl Formal resin, polyvinyl ketone resin, polystyrene resin, poly-N-vinyl carbazole resin, polyacrylamide resin, and the like can be given. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.

  If necessary, a charge transport material may be added. In addition to the binder resin described above, a polymer charge transport material can be added as the binder resin for the charge generation layer.

As a method for forming the charge generation layer, a vacuum thin film preparation method and a casting method from a solution dispersion system can be mentioned.
Examples of the former method include a glow discharge polymerization method, a vacuum deposition method, a CVD method, a sputtering method, a reactive sputtering method, an ion plating method, and an accelerated ion injection method. This vacuum thin film manufacturing method can satisfactorily form the inorganic material or organic material described above.
In order to provide the charge generation layer by the latter casting method, a charge generation layer forming coating solution is used and a conventional method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, or a bead coating method is used. Can do.

The organic solvent used for the charge generation layer forming coating solution is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, cyclohexanone, benzene, toluene, xylene , Chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, dichloropropane, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, dioxane, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, propyl cellosolve, Etc. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
Among these, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, methanol, and ethanol having a boiling point of 40 ° C. to 80 ° C. are particularly preferable because they can be easily dried after coating.
The charge generation layer forming coating solution is produced by dispersing and dissolving the charge generation material and a binder resin in the organic solvent. Examples of the method for dispersing the organic pigment in the organic solvent include a dispersion method using a dispersion medium such as a ball mill, a bead mill, a sand mill, and a vibration mill, and a high-speed liquid collision dispersion method.

  The thickness of the charge generation layer is usually preferably 0.01 to 5 μm, more preferably 0.05 to 2 μm.

  The charge transport layer is a layer intended to hold a charged charge and to couple the charge generated and separated in the charge generation layer by exposure to the charged charge held by movement. In order to achieve the purpose of holding the charged charge, it is required that the electric resistance is high. Further, in order to achieve the purpose of obtaining a high surface potential with the charged charge that has been held, it is required that the dielectric constant is small and the charge mobility is good.

  The charge transport layer includes at least a charge transport material, and includes a binder resin and, if necessary, other components.

Examples of the charge transport material include a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a polymer charge transport material.
Examples of the electron transporting material (electron accepting material) include chloranil, bromanyl, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitro. -9-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitroxanthone, 2,4,8-trinitrothioxanthone, 2,6,8-trinitro-4H-indeno [1,2-b] thiophene-4-one, 1,3,7-trinitrodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.

  Examples of the hole transport material (electron donating material) include oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives, 9- (p-diethylaminostyrylanthracene), 1,1-bis- (4 -Dibenzylaminophenyl) propane, styrylanthracene, styrylpyrazoline, phenylhydrazones, α-phenylstilbene derivatives, thiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, phenazine derivatives, acridine derivatives, benzofuran derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, etc. It is done. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.

Examples of the polymer charge transport material include those having the following structure.
(A) Polymer having carbazole ring For example, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, JP-A-50-82056, JP-A-54-9632, JP-A-54-11737, JP-A-4-175337 And the compounds described in JP-A-4-183719 and JP-A-6-234841.
(B) Polymer having a hydrazone structure For example, JP-A-57-78402, JP-A-61-20953, JP-A-61-296358, JP-A-1-134456, JP-A-1-134456 179164, JP-A-3-180851, JP-A-3-180852, JP-A-3-50555, JP-A-5-310904, JP-A-6-234840, and the like. Is done.
(C) Polysilylene polymer For example, JP-A-63-285552, JP-A-1-88461, JP-A-4-264130, JP-A-4-264131, JP-A-4-264132, Examples thereof include compounds described in Kaihei 4-264133 and JP-A-4-289867.
(D) Polymer having a triarylamine structure For example, N, N-bis (4-methylphenyl) -4-aminopolystyrene, JP-A-1-134457, JP-A-2-282264, JP-A-2- Examples include compounds described in JP-A-304456, JP-A-4-133605, JP-A-4-133066, JP-A-5-40350, and JP-A-5-202135.
(E) Other polymers For example, formaldehyde condensation polymer of nitropyrene, JP-A-51-73888, JP-A-56-150749, JP-A-6-234836, JP-A-6-234837 The described compounds and the like are exemplified.

  In addition to the above, the polymer charge transporting material includes, for example, a polycarbonate resin having a triarylamine structure, a polyurethane resin having a triarylamine structure, a polyester resin having a triarylamine structure, and a triarylamine structure. And a polyether resin. Examples of the polymer charge transporting material include JP-A 64-1728, JP-A 64-13061, JP-A 64-19049, JP-A-4-11627, JP-A 4-116627. JP 2225014, JP 4-230767, JP 4-320420, JP 5-232727, JP 7-56374, JP 9-127713, JP 9-222740. And compounds described in JP-A-9-265197, JP-A-9-211877, JP-A-9-30495, and the like.

  Examples of the polymer having an electron donating group include not only the above-mentioned polymer but also a copolymer with a known monomer, a block polymer, a graft polymer, a star polymer, It is also possible to use a crosslinked polymer having an electron donating group as disclosed in JP-A-109406.

Examples of the binder resin include polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, methacrylic resin, acrylic resin, polyethylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polystyrene resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, Examples thereof include alkyd resins, silicone resins, polyvinyl carbazole resins, polyvinyl butyral resins, polyvinyl formal resins, polyacrylate resins, polyacrylamide resins, and phenoxy resins. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
The charge transport layer may also contain a copolymer of a crosslinkable binder resin and a crosslinkable charge transport material.

  The charge transport layer can be formed by dissolving or dispersing these charge transport materials and a binder resin in an appropriate solvent, and applying and drying them. In addition to the charge transport material and the binder resin, an appropriate amount of additives such as a plasticizer, an antioxidant, and a leveling agent may be added to the charge transport layer as necessary.

  The thickness of the charge transport layer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. The thickness is preferably 5 to 100 μm, and the charge transport layer can be thinned in recent demands for higher image quality. In order to achieve a high image quality of 1200 dpi or more, 5 to 30 μm is more preferable.

-Single layer photosensitive layer-
The single-layer type photosensitive layer contains a charge generation material, a charge transport material, a binder resin, and other components as necessary.
As the charge generating substance, charge transporting substance, and binder resin, the above-described materials can be used.
As said other component, a plasticizer, microparticles | fine-particles, various additives, etc. are mentioned, for example.

  The thickness of the single-layer type photosensitive layer is preferably 5 to 100 μm, and more preferably 5 to 50 μm. When the film thickness is less than 5 μm, the chargeability may decrease, and when it exceeds 100 μm, the sensitivity may decrease.

A protective layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer as necessary. The protective layer contains at least a binder resin, a charge transport material, and, if necessary, other components.
As the pre-binder resin and the charge transport material, the above-described materials can be used.
Various additives may be added to the protective layer as necessary for the purpose of improving adhesiveness, smoothness, and chemical stability.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the thickness of the said protective layer, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, 1-15 micrometers is preferable and 1-10 micrometers is more preferable.

  An undercoat layer may be provided between the substrate and the photosensitive layer as necessary. The undercoat layer is provided for the purpose of improving adhesiveness, preventing moire, improving the coatability of the upper layer, and reducing residual potential.

The undercoat layer contains at least a resin and fine powder, and further contains other components as necessary.
Examples of the resin include water-soluble resins such as polyvinyl alcohol resin, casein, and sodium polyacrylate; alcohol-soluble resins such as copolymer nylon and methoxymethylated nylon; polyurethane resins, melamine resins, alkyd-melamine resins, and epoxy resins. And a curable resin that forms a three-dimensional network structure.
Examples of the fine powder include metal oxides such as titanium oxide, silica, alumina, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, and indium oxide, metal sulfides, and metal nitrides.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular about the thickness of the said undercoat layer, According to the objective, it can select suitably, 0.1-10 micrometers is preferable and 1-5 micrometers is more preferable.

In the photoreceptor, an intermediate layer may be provided on the substrate as necessary in order to improve adhesion and charge blocking properties. The intermediate layer contains a resin as a main component, and it is desirable that these resins are resins having a high solvent resistance with respect to an organic solvent in view of applying a photosensitive layer thereon with a solvent.
As the resin, the same resin as the above undercoat layer can be appropriately selected and used.

  Since the photoconductor of the present invention uses the photoconductor substrate of the present invention with high accuracy, an extremely high accuracy photoconductor can be obtained, and there is no image defect and high resolution can be obtained using the photoconductor. Image formation capable of full color output is possible.

(Image forming apparatus and image forming method)
The image forming apparatus of the present invention comprises at least the photosensitive member of the present invention, an electrostatic latent image forming unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, and a fixing unit, and further appropriately selected as necessary. It has other means, for example, static elimination means, cleaning means, recycling means, control means and the like.
The image forming method of the present invention includes at least an electrostatic latent image forming step, a developing step, a transfer step, and a fixing step, and further other steps appropriately selected as necessary, for example, a static elimination step, a cleaning step, The photoreceptor of the present invention is used in each of the steps including a recycling step and a control step.

  The image forming method of the present invention can be preferably carried out by the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the electrostatic latent image forming step can be performed by the electrostatic latent image forming means, and the developing step is the developing The transfer step can be performed by the transfer unit, the fixing step can be performed by the fixing unit, and the other steps can be performed by the other unit.

-Electrostatic latent image forming step and electrostatic latent image forming means-
The electrostatic latent image forming step is a step of forming an electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image carrier.
The photoconductor of the present invention is used as the photoconductor.

The formation of the electrostatic latent image can be performed, for example, by uniformly charging the surface of the photoconductor and then performing imagewise exposure, and can be performed by the electrostatic latent image forming unit.
The electrostatic latent image forming unit includes, for example, at least a charger that uniformly charges the surface of the photoconductor and an exposure device that exposes the surface of the photoconductor imagewise.

The charging can be performed, for example, by applying a voltage to the surface of the photoreceptor using the charger.
The charger is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. For example, a known contact charging device including a conductive or semiconductive roll, brush, film, rubber blade, etc. And non-contact chargers using corona discharge such as corotrons and corotrons.

The exposure can be performed, for example, by exposing the surface of the photoconductor imagewise using the exposure device.
The exposure device is not particularly limited as long as the surface of the photoreceptor charged by the charger can be exposed like an image to be formed, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Examples thereof include various exposure devices such as a copying optical system, a rod lens array system, a laser optical system, and a liquid crystal shutter optical system.
In the present invention, an optical backside system that performs imagewise exposure from the backside of the photoreceptor may be employed.

-Development process and development means-
The developing step is a step of developing the electrostatic latent image using toner or the developer to form a visible image.
The visible image can be formed, for example, by developing the electrostatic latent image using toner or the developer, and can be performed by the developing unit.
The developing unit is not particularly limited as long as it can be developed using, for example, the toner or the developer, and can be appropriately selected from known ones. For example, the toner or developer is accommodated. Preferred examples include those having at least a developing unit capable of bringing the toner or developer into contact or non-contact with the electrostatic latent image.

  The developing unit may be a dry developing type, a wet developing type, a single color developing unit, or a multi-color developing unit. For example, a toner having a stirrer for charging the toner or the developer by frictional stirring and a rotatable magnet roller is preferable.

  In the developing device, for example, the toner and the carrier are mixed and agitated, and the toner is charged by friction at that time, and held on the surface of the rotating magnet roller in a raised state to form a magnetic brush. . Since the magnet roller is disposed in the vicinity of the photoconductor, a part of the toner constituting the magnetic brush formed on the surface of the magnet roller is applied to the surface of the photoconductor by an electric attractive force. Moving. As a result, the electrostatic latent image is developed with the toner to form a visible image with the toner on the surface of the photoreceptor.

-Transfer process and transfer means-
The transfer step is a step of transferring the visible image onto a recording medium. After the primary transfer of the visible image onto the intermediate transfer member using an intermediate transfer member, the visible image is transferred onto the recording medium. A primary transfer step of forming a composite transfer image by transferring a visible image onto an intermediate transfer body using two or more colors, preferably full color toner as the toner, and a composite transfer image; A mode including a secondary transfer step of transferring the transfer image onto the recording medium is more preferable.
The transfer can be performed, for example, by charging the photoreceptor using a transfer charger, and can be performed by the transfer unit. The transfer means includes a primary transfer means for transferring a visible image onto an intermediate transfer member to form a composite transfer image, and a secondary transfer means for transferring the composite transfer image onto a recording medium. Embodiments are preferred.
The intermediate transfer member is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected from known transfer members according to the purpose. For example, a transfer belt and the like are preferable.

The transfer unit (the primary transfer unit and the secondary transfer unit) preferably includes at least a transfer unit that peels and charges the visible image formed on the photoconductor toward the recording medium. There may be one transfer means or two or more transfer means.
Examples of the transfer device include a corona transfer device using corona discharge, a transfer belt, a transfer roller, a pressure transfer roller, and an adhesive transfer device.
The recording medium is typically plain paper, but is not particularly limited as long as it can transfer an unfixed image after development, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. PET for OHP A base or the like can also be used.

The fixing step is a step of fixing the visible image transferred to the recording medium using a fixing device, and may be performed each time the toner of each color is transferred to the recording medium, or for the toner of each color. You may perform this simultaneously in the state which laminated | stacked this.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said fixing device, Although it can select suitably according to the objective, A well-known heating-pressing means is suitable. Examples of the heating and pressing means include a combination of a heating roller and a pressure roller, a combination of a heating roller, a pressure roller, and an endless belt.
The heating in the heating and pressing means is usually preferably 80 to 200 ° C.
In the present invention, for example, a known optical fixing device may be used together with or in place of the fixing step and the fixing unit depending on the purpose.

The neutralization step is a step of performing neutralization by applying a neutralization bias to the photoconductor, and can be suitably performed by a neutralization unit.
The neutralization means is not particularly limited and may be any appropriate neutralization neutralizer as long as it can apply a neutralization bias to the photosensitive member. For example, a neutralization lamp is preferable. .

The cleaning step is a step of removing the toner remaining on the photoconductor, and can be suitably performed by a cleaning unit.
The cleaning means is not particularly limited and may be selected from known cleaners as long as it can remove the electrophotographic toner remaining on the photoreceptor, and includes, for example, a magnetic brush cleaner, a static cleaner, and the like. Preferred examples include an electric brush cleaner, a magnetic roller cleaner, a blade cleaner, a brush cleaner, and a web cleaner.

The recycling step is a step of recycling the color toner removed in the cleaning step to the developing unit, and can be suitably performed by the recycling unit.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said recycling means, A well-known conveyance means etc. are mentioned.

The control step is a step of controlling each of the steps, and can be suitably performed by a control unit.
The control means is not particularly limited as long as the movement of each means can be controlled, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Examples thereof include devices such as a sequencer and a computer.

  One mode for carrying out the image forming method of the present invention by the image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. An image forming apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 6 includes a photosensitive drum 10 as the photosensitive member (hereinafter referred to as “photosensitive member 10”), a charging roller 20 as the charging unit, and an exposure device 30 as the exposure unit. A developing device 40 as the developing means, an intermediate transfer member 50, a cleaning device 60 as the cleaning means having a cleaning blade, and a static elimination lamp 70 as the static elimination means.

  The intermediate transfer member 50 is an endless belt, and is designed to be movable in the direction of an arrow by three rollers 51 that are arranged inside and stretched. Part of the three rollers 51 also functions as a transfer bias roller that can apply a predetermined transfer bias (primary transfer bias) to the intermediate transfer member 50. The intermediate transfer body 50 is provided with a cleaning device 90 having a cleaning blade in the vicinity thereof, and for transferring (secondary transfer) a developed image (toner image) to a transfer sheet 95 as a final transfer material. A transfer roller 80 serving as a transfer unit to which a transfer bias can be applied is disposed to face the transfer roller 80. Around the intermediate transfer member 50, a corona charger 58 for applying a charge to the toner image on the intermediate transfer member 50 is arranged between the photosensitive member 10 and the intermediate transfer member 50 in the rotation direction of the intermediate transfer member 50. It is disposed between the contact portion and the contact portion between the intermediate transfer member 50 and the transfer paper 95.

  The developing device 40 includes a developing belt 41 as the developer carrying member, and a black developing unit 45K, a yellow developing unit 45Y, a magenta developing unit 45M, and a cyan developing unit 45C provided around the developing belt 41. . The black developing unit 45K includes a developer accommodating portion 42K, a developer supplying roller 43K, and a developing roller 44K. The yellow developing unit 45Y includes a developer accommodating portion 42Y, a developer supplying roller 43Y, and a developing roller 44Y. The magenta developing unit 45M includes a developer accommodating portion 42M, a developer supplying roller 43M, and a developing roller 44M, and the cyan developing unit 45C includes a developer accommodating portion 42C and a developer supplying roller 43C. And a developing roller 44C. The developing belt 41 is an endless belt, is rotatably stretched around a plurality of belt rollers, and a part thereof is in contact with the photoconductor 10.

  In the image forming apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 6, for example, the charging roller 20 charges the photosensitive drum 10 uniformly. The exposure device 30 performs imagewise exposure on the photosensitive drum 10 to form an electrostatic latent image. The electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 10 is developed by supplying toner from the developing device 40 to form a visible image (toner image). The visible image (toner image) is transferred (primary transfer) onto the intermediate transfer member 50 by the voltage applied from the roller 51, and further transferred (secondary transfer) onto the transfer paper 95. As a result, a transfer image is formed on the transfer paper 95. The residual toner on the photoconductor 10 is removed by the cleaning device 60, and the charge on the photoconductor 10 is temporarily removed by the charge eliminating lamp 70.

  Another mode for carrying out the image forming method of the present invention by the image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The image forming apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 7 does not include the developing belt 41 in the image forming apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 6, and a black developing unit 45K, a yellow developing unit 45Y, a magenta developing unit 45M, and the like around the photoconductor 10. Except for the fact that the cyan developing unit 45C is disposed directly opposite, it has the same configuration as the image forming apparatus 100 shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, the same components as those in FIG.

Another mode for carrying out the image forming method of the present invention by the image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The tandem image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 8 is a tandem type color image forming apparatus. The tandem image forming apparatus includes a copying apparatus main body 150, a paper feed table 200, a scanner 300, and an automatic document feeder (ADF) 400.
The copying apparatus main body 150 is provided with an endless belt-like intermediate transfer member 50 at the center. The intermediate transfer member 50 is stretched around the support rollers 14, 15 and 16, and can be rotated clockwise in FIG. 8. An intermediate transfer member cleaning device 17 for removing residual toner on the intermediate transfer member 50 is disposed in the vicinity of the support roller 15. The intermediate transfer member 50 stretched between the support roller 14 and the support roller 15 is a tandem type in which four image forming units 18 of yellow, cyan, magenta, and black are arranged to face each other along the conveyance direction. A developing device 120 is disposed. An exposure device 21 is disposed in the vicinity of the tandem developing device 120. A secondary transfer device 22 is disposed on the side of the intermediate transfer member 50 opposite to the side on which the tandem developing device 120 is disposed. In the secondary transfer device 22, a secondary transfer belt 24, which is an endless belt, is stretched around a pair of rollers 23, and the transfer paper conveyed on the secondary transfer belt 24 and the intermediate transfer body 50 are in contact with each other. Is possible. A fixing device 25 is disposed in the vicinity of the secondary transfer device 22. The fixing device 25 includes a fixing belt 26 that is an endless belt, and a pressure roller 27 that is pressed against the fixing belt 26.
In the tandem image forming apparatus, a sheet reversing device 28 for reversing the transfer paper for image formation on both sides of the transfer paper is disposed in the vicinity of the secondary transfer device 22 and the fixing device 25. Yes.

  Next, formation of a full color image (color copy) using the tandem image forming apparatus will be described. That is, first, a document is set on the document table 130 of the automatic document feeder (ADF) 400, or the automatic document feeder 400 is opened and the document is set on the contact glass 32 of the scanner 300. 400 is closed.

  When a start switch (not shown) is pressed, when the document is set on the automatic document feeder 400, the document is transported and moved onto the contact glass 32, and then the document is set on the contact glass 32. Immediately after that, the scanner 300 is driven, and the first traveling body 33 and the second traveling body 34 travel. At this time, light from the light source is irradiated by the first traveling body 33 and reflected light from the document surface is reflected by the mirror in the second traveling body 34 and is received by the reading sensor 36 through the imaging lens 35 to be color. An original (color image) is read and used as black, yellow, magenta, and cyan image information.

  Each image information of black, yellow, magenta and cyan is stored in each image forming means 18 (black image forming means, yellow image forming means, magenta image forming means and cyan image forming means in the tandem image forming apparatus. ) And black, yellow, magenta and cyan toner images are formed in the respective image forming means. That is, each of the image forming means 18 (black image forming means, yellow image forming means, magenta image forming means, and cyan image forming means) in the tandem image forming apparatus is respectively photosensitive as shown in FIG. On the basis of the body 10 (the black photoreceptor 10K, the yellow photoreceptor 10Y, the magenta photoreceptor 10M, and the cyan photoreceptor 10C), the charger 60 that uniformly charges the photoreceptor, and each color image information. The photosensitive member is exposed to each color image-corresponding image (L in FIG. 9), and an exposure device for forming an electrostatic latent image corresponding to each color image on the photosensitive member, A developing device 61 that develops using color toner (black toner, yellow toner, magenta toner, and cyan toner) to form a toner image with each color toner, and the toner image is an intermediate transfer member. The image forming apparatus includes a transfer charger 62 for transferring the image onto 0, a photoconductor cleaning device 63, and a static eliminator 64, and each monochrome image (black image, yellow image, magenta) based on the image information of each color. Image and cyan image) can be formed. The black image, the yellow image, the magenta image, and the cyan image formed in this way are formed on the black photoconductor 10K on the intermediate transfer member 50 that is rotated by the support rollers 14, 15, and 16, respectively. The black image, the yellow image formed on the yellow photoconductor 10Y, the magenta image formed on the magenta photoconductor 10M, and the cyan image formed on the cyan photoconductor 10C are sequentially transferred (primary transfer). Is done. Then, the black image, the yellow image, the magenta image, and the cyan image are superimposed on the intermediate transfer member 50 to form a composite color image (color transfer image).

On the other hand, in the paper feed table 200, one of the paper feed rollers 142 is selectively rotated to feed out a sheet (recording paper) from one of the paper feed cassettes 144 provided in multiple stages in the paper bank 143. Each sheet is separated and sent to the paper feed path 146, transported by the transport roller 147, guided to the paper feed path 148 in the copying machine main body 150, and abutted against the registration roller 49 and stopped. Alternatively, the sheet feeding roller 150 is rotated to feed out the sheets (recording paper) on the manual feed tray 51, separated one by one by the separation roller 52, put into the manual feed path 53, and abutted against the registration roller 49 and stopped. . The registration roller 49 is generally used while being grounded, but may be used in a state where a bias is applied to remove paper dust from the sheet.
Then, the registration roller 49 is rotated in synchronization with the synthesized color image (color transfer image) synthesized on the intermediate transfer member 50, and a sheet (recording paper) is interposed between the intermediate transfer member 50 and the secondary transfer device 22. The secondary color transfer device 22 transfers the composite color image (color transfer image) onto the sheet (recording paper), thereby transferring the color image onto the sheet (recording paper). Is formed. The residual toner on the intermediate transfer member 50 after image transfer is cleaned by the intermediate transfer member cleaning device 17.

  The sheet (recording paper) on which the color image has been transferred is conveyed by the secondary transfer device 22 and sent to the fixing device 25, where the combined color image (color) is generated by heat and pressure. (Transfer image) is fixed on the sheet (recording paper). Thereafter, the sheet (recording paper) is switched by the switching claw 55 and discharged by the discharge roller 56 and stacked on the discharge tray 57, or switched by the switching claw 55 and reversed by the sheet reversing device 28 and transferred again. After being guided to the position and recording an image on the back surface, the image is discharged by the discharge roller 56 and stacked on the discharge tray 57.

  In the image forming apparatus and the image forming method of the present invention, since the photoconductor of the present invention is used, it is possible to form a clear high-quality image without color misregistration or abnormal images.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
Inside the aluminum cylindrical substrate having an outer diameter of 60.4 mm, a total length of 352 mm, and a wall thickness of 1.0 mm, the outer diameter is 70 mm, w is 3.0 mm, t is 1.0 mm, and the cross-sectional shape is as shown in FIG. A brush-shaped vibration absorbing member having a large number of linear elastic bodies with a hardness of 60 Hs in accordance with JIS K6301 was inserted. The force (F) measured by bending the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member by 90 deg and applying a force gauge perpendicular to the linear elastic body at a position 20 mm from the bending point is 0.60 gf. / Cm ² or less.
Next, the brush-like vibration absorbing member was arranged inside the cylindrical substrate so that the ratio of the brush-like vibration absorbing member obtained from the following formula 2 contacting the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate was 0.60.
<Formula 2>
n × w1 × (L / A)
However, n represents the number of linear elastic bodies in the brush-like vibration absorbing member that contacts the inner wall of the cylindrical base. w1 represents the width in which the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. L represents the length that the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. A represents the total area of the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate.

Next, in a state where both ends of the cylindrical base are held by a collet chuck, turning is performed under the following turning conditions using a lathe (manufactured by Shoun Kogyo Co., Ltd., SPA 5 × 600) to obtain an outer diameter of 60 A cylindrical substrate having a thickness of 0.0 mm, a total length of 352 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.8 mm was produced.
<Turning conditions>
・ Rotation speed: 5000rpm
・ Feeding speed: 0.15mm / rev
・ Bite shape: R bite

Next, turning was performed under the same turning conditions as described above, and the presence or absence of vibration and chatter of the cylindrical substrate after turning was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
Specifically, in the run-out measurement, the both ends of the cylindrical base after turning are held by a dedicated holding jig, and the knife is parallel to the straight line connecting the centers of the holding jigs set at both ends. Arranged the edges. A sensor (manufactured by KEYENC, LS7030) was measured so as to be perpendicular to the straight line connecting the centers of the holding jigs.
The distance between the surface of the cylindrical substrate after turning and the knife edge was 10 mm, and the run-out was measured by measuring the distance between the knife edge and the cylindrical substrate.
For evaluation of chatter, the surface of the cylindrical substrate after turning was measured several times using a surface roughness measuring device (manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd., SURFCOM 1400).

(Example 2)
Example 1 except that a brush-like vibration absorbing member having a large number of linear elastic bodies having an elliptical cross section (w is 3.0 mm, t is 1.0 mm) as shown in FIG. 3A is used in Example 1. The cylindrical substrate was turned under the same conditions as in 1. Evaluation similar to Example 1 was performed using the obtained cylindrical base | substrate. The results are shown in Table 1.
The force (F) measured by bending the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member by 90 deg and applying a force gauge perpendicular to the linear elastic body at a position 20 mm from the bending point is 0.60 gf. / Cm ² or less.

(Example 3)
In Example 1, the same conditions as in Example 1 were used except that the brush-like vibration absorbing member was arranged inside the cylindrical base so that the ratio of the brush-like vibration absorbing member contacting the inner wall of the cylindrical base was 0.85. The cylindrical substrate was turned. Evaluation similar to Example 1 was performed using the obtained cylindrical base | substrate. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 4
An aluminum cylindrical substrate having an outer diameter of 30.4 mm, an overall length of 340 mm, and a wall thickness of 1.0 mm is turned at a rotational speed of 5000 rpm and a feed rate of 0.10 mm / rev, and the outer diameter is 30.0 mm, the overall length is 340 mm, and the wall thickness. A 0.8 mm cylindrical substrate was produced.
The outer diameter is 40 mm, w is 1.5 mm, t is 0.7 mm, the cross-sectional shape is elliptical, and the ratio of the brush-like vibration absorbing member having a hardness of 60 Hs conforming to JIS K6301 to the inner wall of the cylindrical base is 0.50. It arrange | positioned inside the cylindrical base | substrate so that it might become. The force (F) measured by bending the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member by 90 deg and applying a force gauge perpendicular to the linear elastic body at a position 20 mm from the bending point is 0.60 gf. / Cm ² or less.
Next, turning was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the presence or absence of vibration and chatter of the cylindrical substrate after turning was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 1)
In Example 1, the cylindrical substrate was turned under the same conditions as Example 1 except that the brush-like vibration absorbing member was not used. Evaluation similar to Example 1 was performed using the obtained cylindrical base | substrate. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 2)
In Example 1, instead of the brush-like vibration absorbing member, the same conditions as in Example 1 were used except that a cylindrical vibration absorbing member 9a having an outer diameter of 65 mm and a hardness of 60 Hs according to JIS K6301 shown in FIG. 5 was used. The cylindrical substrate was turned. Evaluation similar to Example 1 was performed using the obtained cylindrical base | substrate. The results are shown in Table 1.

<Production of photoconductor>
Next, after cleaning each photoreceptor substrate of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport were formed on the photoreceptor substrate as follows. Layers were formed sequentially.

First, an undercoat layer coating solution having the following composition was applied on each of the substrates by a dipping method. Next, the substrate was heated at 150 ° C. for 15 minutes and thermally cured to form an undercoat layer having a thickness of 5 μm on the substrate surface.
-Composition of coating liquid for undercoat layer-
Titanium oxide: 20 parts by mass Alkyd resin: 10 parts by mass Melamine resin: 10 parts by mass Methyl ethyl ketone: 60 parts by mass

  Next, a coating solution for a charge generation layer having the following composition was prepared. The obtained coating solution was applied onto the undercoat layer by the same dipping method and dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.02 μm.

-Composition of coating solution for charge generation layer-
-Butyral resin (UCC, XYHL)-1 part by mass-Titanyl phthalocyanine-9 parts by mass-Cyclohexanone-30 parts by mass-Tetrahydrofuran (THF)-30 parts by mass

  Next, a coating solution for a charge transport layer having the following composition was prepared. The obtained coating solution was applied onto the charge generation layer by the same dipping method and dried at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes to form a charge transport layer.

・ジクロロメタン・・・８０質量部
最後に、両端にフランジを取り付けて、実施例１〜４及び比較例１〜２の各感光体を作製した。 <Composition of coating solution for charge transport layer>
Polycarbonate resin (manufactured by Teijin Limited, Panlite K-1300) 10 parts by mass Charge transfer agent represented by the following structural formula: 10 parts by mass

· Dichloromethane ... 80 parts by mass Finally, flanges were attached to both ends, and each of the photoreceptors of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 was produced.

  Next, each obtained photoconductor is mounted on a multi-function printer (printer / printer / fax) (Ricoh Co., Ltd., IMAGEIO NEO C 600), and a solid white, cyan halftone image, magenta halftone image, Five yellow halftone images and five black halftone images were printed, and the presence or absence of color shift and image abnormality was evaluated by visual observation. Table 2 shows the image evaluation results.

  The cylindrical substrate turning method and the cylindrical substrate turning method of the present invention can be easily performed without the need for pre-processing the cylindrical body before turning or gripping the cylindrical body with a special device as in the prior art. In particular, it can be turned and is suitably used for producing a cylindrical substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a brush-like vibration absorbing member (core) according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a state in which a brush-like vibration absorbing member (core) is inserted into a cylindrical base body. FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a linear elastic body in a brush-like vibration absorbing member. FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member. FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member. FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of the brush-like vibration absorbing member (core) of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a conventional vibration absorbing member (core). FIG. 6 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example in which the image forming method of the present invention is carried out by the image forming apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic explanatory view showing another example in which the image forming method of the present invention is implemented by the image forming apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of carrying out the image forming method of the present invention by the image forming apparatus (tandem color image forming apparatus) of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged schematic explanatory view of the image forming apparatus shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Linear elastic body 2 Spacer 3 Shaft member 4 Cylindrical base | substrate introduction member 5 Cylindrical base | substrate holding part 6 Cylindrical base | substrate 7 Cylindrical base | substrate holding part (main body side)
8 Turning machine connecting part 9 Brush-like vibration absorbing member 10 Photoconductor (photosensitive drum)
10K black photoconductor 10Y yellow photoconductor 10M magenta photoconductor 10C cyan photoconductor 14 support roller 15 support roller 16 support roller 17 intermediate transfer cleaning device 18 image forming means 20 charging roller 21 exposure device 22 secondary transfer device 23 Roller 24 Secondary transfer belt 25 Fixing device 26 Fixing belt 27 Pressure belt 28 Sheet reversing device 30 Exposure device 32 Contact glass 33 First traveling member 34 Second traveling member 35 Imaging lens 36 Reading sensor 40 Developing device 41 Developing belt 42K Developer container 42Y Developer container 42M Developer container 42C Developer container 43K Developer supply roller 43Y Developer supply roller 43M Developer supply roller 43C Developer supply roller 44K Developer roller 44Y Developer roller 44M Developer Roller 44C Developing roller 45K Black developing unit 45Y Yellow developing unit 45M Magenta developing unit 45C Cyan developing unit 49 Registration roller 50 Intermediate transfer member 51 Roller 52 Separating roller 53 Constant current source 55 Switching claw 56 Discharging roller 57 Discharging tray 58 Corona charger 60 Cleaning device 61 Developer 62 Transfer charger 63 Photoconductor cleaning device 64 Static eliminator 70 Static elimination lamp 71 Cleaning blade 72 Support member 80 Transfer roller 90 Cleaning device 95 Transfer paper 100 Image forming apparatus 101 Photoconductor 102 Charging means 103 Exposure 104 Developing means 105 Transfer body 106 Transfer means 107 Cleaning means 120 Tandem developer 130 Document table 142 Paper feed roller 143 Paper bank 144 Paper feed cassette 145 Away rollers 146 feed path 147 transport rollers 148 feed path 150 copier main body 200 feeder table 300 Scanner 400 automatic document feeder (ADF)

Claims (11)

A cylindrical substrate turning method in which a brush-like vibration absorbing member having a large number of linear elastic bodies extending radially from a shaft member is inserted into the cylindrical substrate and the surface of the cylindrical substrate is turned. And
Radial length of the brush-like vibration absorbing member, rather long than the inner diameter of the cylindrical substrate,
The ratio (w / t) between the width direction length (w) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member and the thickness direction length (t) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is 1. A method of turning a cylindrical substrate, characterized by being 1 to 20.   The method for turning a cylindrical substrate according to claim 1, wherein the linear elastic body of the brush-like vibration absorbing member has a hardness in accordance with JIS K6301 (spring A type) of 30 to 90 Hs. The length (w) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member in the width direction is 20% or less of the circumferential length of 2πR (where R represents the radius of the cylindrical substrate). 3. A method for turning a cylindrical substrate according to any one of items 1 to 2. The method of turning a cylindrical substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an area where the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate satisfies the relationship of the following formula 1.
<Formula 1>
0.14 ≦ n × w1 × (L / A) ≦ 0.95
In Equation 1, n represents the number of linear elastic bodies in the brush-like vibration absorbing member that contacts the inner wall of the cylindrical base. w1 represents the length in the width direction in which the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. L represents the length that the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. A represents the total area of the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. A shaft member, a brush-like vibration absorbing member having a large number of linear elastic bodies extending radially from the shaft member, and a spacer for fixing the brush-like vibration absorbing member in a state of being inserted into the cylindrical base body. Have
The radial length of the brush-like vibration absorbing member is longer than the inner diameter of the cylindrical substrate,
The ratio (w / t) between the width direction length (w) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member and the thickness direction length (t) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is 1. A cylindrical substrate turning apparatus characterized by being 1 to 20. The cylindrical substrate turning processing device according to claim 5, wherein the linear elastic body of the brush-like vibration absorbing member has a hardness of 30 to 90 Hs in accordance with JIS K6301 (spring A type). 6. The length (w) of the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member in the width direction is 20% or less of the circumferential length 2πR (where R represents the radius of the cylindrical substrate) of the cylindrical substrate. The turning device for a cylindrical substrate according to any one of items 1 to 6. The cylindrical substrate turning processing apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein an area in which the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate satisfies the relationship of the following mathematical formula 1.
<Formula 1>
0.14 ≦ n × w1 × (L / A) ≦ 0.95
In Equation 1, n represents the number of linear elastic bodies in the brush-like vibration absorbing member that contacts the inner wall of the cylindrical base. w1 represents the length in the width direction in which the linear elastic body in the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. L represents the length that the brush-like vibration absorbing member is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. A represents the total area of the inner wall of the cylindrical substrate. 5. A photosensitive member comprising: a cylindrical substrate processed by the method of turning a cylindrical substrate according to claim 1; and at least a photosensitive layer on the cylindrical substrate. A photosensitive member; an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member; a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image with toner to form a visible image; In an image forming apparatus having at least a transfer unit that transfers an image to a recording medium and a fixing unit that fixes the transferred image transferred to the recording medium.
An image forming apparatus, wherein the photoconductor is the photoconductor according to claim 9. An electrostatic latent image forming step for forming an electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor, a developing step for developing the electrostatic latent image with toner to form a visible image, and the visible image on a recording medium. In an image forming method including at least a transfer step of transferring and a fixing step of fixing a transfer image transferred to a recording medium,
The image forming method according to claim 9, wherein the photoconductor is the photoconductor according to claim 9.

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