JP4682825B2 - Surface coated cutting tool with excellent chipping resistance due to hard coating layer in heavy cutting of difficult-to-cut materials - Google Patents

Description

  This invention exhibits excellent chipping resistance with a hard coating layer, especially when cutting difficult-to-cut materials such as stainless steel, high manganese steel, and mild steel under heavy cutting conditions such as high cutting and high feed. The present invention relates to a surface-coated cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as a coated tool).

  In general, for coated tools, throwaway inserts that are detachably attached to the tip of the cutting tool for turning and planing of various steel and cast iron materials, drilling of the work material, etc. Drills, miniature drills, solid type end mills used for chamfering, grooving, shouldering, etc. of the work material, and the solid type A slow-away end mill tool that performs cutting work in the same manner as an end mill is known.

In addition, as a coated tool, on the surface of a tool base composed of tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC) based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride (hereinafter referred to as TiCN) based cermet,
Composition formula: (Ti _1-X Al _X ) N (however, in atomic ratio, X represents 0.30 to 0.70),
There is known a coated tool formed by physically vapor-depositing a hard coating layer composed of a composite nitride of Ti and Al [hereinafter referred to as (Ti, Al) N] layer satisfying the following conditions with an average layer thickness of 1 to 15 μm. The (Ti, Al) N layer, which is a hard coating layer of the coated tool, has high-temperature hardness and heat resistance due to Al as a constituent component and high-temperature strength due to the Ti. It is also known to exhibit excellent cutting performance when used for continuous cutting and intermittent cutting of steel and ordinary cast iron.

Further, the above-mentioned coated tool, for example, the above-mentioned tool base is loaded into an arc ion plating apparatus which is a kind of physical vapor deposition apparatus shown schematically in FIG. An arc discharge is generated between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode (evaporation source) on which a Ti—Al alloy having a predetermined composition is set, for example, at a current of 90 A while being heated to a temperature of Nitrogen gas is introduced as a reaction gas to form a reaction atmosphere of, for example, 2 Pa. On the other hand, on the surface of the tool base, for example, a bias voltage of −100 V is applied to the tool base. It is also known that it is produced by vapor-depositing a hard coating layer composed of an N layer.
Japanese Patent No. 2644710

  In recent years, the use of FA for cutting devices has been remarkable. On the other hand, there is a strong demand for labor saving, energy saving, and cost reduction for cutting processing. There is a tendency to demand a cutting tool that can cut as many grades as possible, but in the above-mentioned conventional coated tools, this is applied to general steel such as low alloy steel and carbon steel, and ductile There is no problem when it is used for cutting of ordinary cast iron such as cast iron and gray cast iron, but it is difficult to cut stainless steel, high manganese steel, and mild steel, etc., which have high chip viscosity and are easy to weld to the tool surface. When cutting a material (work material) under heavy cutting conditions such as high cutting and high feed, where a high load is locally applied to the cutting edge, the work material and chips are generated by the heat generated during cutting. Is heated to high temperature As a result, the viscosity increases further, and the adhesiveness and reactivity to the hard coating layer surface further increase. As a result, the occurrence of chipping (slight chipping) at the cutting edge increases rapidly, which is the cause of this. At present, the service life is reached in a relatively short time.

In view of the above, the present inventors have demonstrated excellent chipping resistance with a hard coating layer, particularly when cutting difficult-to-cut materials under heavy cutting conditions such as high cutting and high feed. As a result of conducting research while focusing on the above conventional coated tools,
(A) A (Ti, Al) N layer, which is a hard coating layer of the above-mentioned conventional coated carbide tool, is formed with an average layer thickness of 1 to 5 μm as a lower layer, and a vanadium oxide (hereinafter referred to as VO) as an upper layer thereon. indicated by _M. However, M represents the variation of the relative proportion of oxygen to vanadium (V), in atomic ratio, _VO, when V 2 _O shows ₃ and VO _2, etc.) to form a layer, the VO _M layer Is excellent in surface slipping. As a result, even when the work material (hard-to-cut material) and its swarf are heated at high temperature due to the heat generated during cutting, the cutting edge (the cutting edge where the rake face and flank face intersect each other) The ridgeline portion) and the work material and the chip always have excellent slipperiness, the adhesiveness and reactivity of the work material and the chip to the cutting edge surface are remarkably reduced, and the lower layer The (Ti, Al) N layer is sufficiently protected Rukoto.

(B) However, a VO _M layer and the lower layer is an upper layer (Ti, Al) adhesion to the N layer is not sufficient, because the insufficient adhesion between layers, particularly when subjected to intermittent cutting Although in chipping occurs easily, the VO _M layer and (Ti, Al) vanadium nitride between the N layer (hereinafter, indicated by VN) when interposing the layer with an average layer thickness of 0.1~1.5μm the VN layer has a function of the a VO _M layer and the lower layer is a top layer (Ti, Al) with any of the N layer firmly adhered, VN layer upper layer and the lower layer interlayer adhesion layer to become, both these layers (i.e., the VO _M layer of the upper layer, the lower layer (Ti, Al) N layer) that excellent adhesion strength comes to be secured between.

(C) However, the VO _M layer as the upper layer, while a layer showing the following excellent surface slipperiness of the above, but it can not be said that comprises a sufficiently high temperature strength in the heavy cutting of difficult-to-cut materials, nitride vanadium layer (VN layer) is different from the VO _M layer, since providing the excellent high-temperature strength, consisting (provided on the surface of the lower layer) VN layer having an average layer thickness of 0.1~1.5μm on the surface of the interlayer adhesion layer, the (respective average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1 [mu] m) (having a total average layer thickness of 1 to 5 [mu] m) composed of alternate stacked structure of VN layer and the VO _M layer provided upper layer at the same time the upper layer exhibits excellent surface slipperiness comprising a VO _M layer, now combine phase high-temperature strength with the VN layer, the adhesion of the VN layer and the VO _M layer cross constituting the alternate stacked structure The high temperature strength of the upper layer itself is also improved. In addition, since the interlayer adhesion layer (consisting of the VN layer) is firmly adhered to both the upper layer and the lower layer, the hard coating composed of the lower layer-interlayer adhesion layer-upper layer (alternate laminated structure) The layer should have excellent high temperature strength without compromising surface slip properties, and as a result, the hard coating layer will exhibit excellent chipping resistance.

(D) The hard coating layer of (c) is an arc ion plating apparatus having a structure shown in, for example, a schematic plan view in FIG. 1 (a) and a schematic front view in FIG. A substrate mounting rotary table is provided, cathode electrodes (evaporation sources) are provided on opposite sides of the rotary table, and a metal V is disposed on one side as a cathode electrode (evaporation source). Uses an arc ion plating apparatus in which a Ti—Al alloy having a predetermined composition is arranged as a cathode electrode (evaporation source), and is along the outer periphery at a position that is a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the central axis on the rotary table of the apparatus. A plurality of tool bases are mounted in a ring shape, and in this state, the atmosphere inside the apparatus is changed to a nitrogen atmosphere, the rotary table is rotated, and the layer thickness of the hard coating layer formed by vapor deposition is made uniform. Basically, first, an arc discharge is generated between the cathode electrode (evaporation source) of the Ti-Al alloy and the anode electrode while rotating the tool base itself, and a lower layer is formed on the surface of the tool base. (Ti, Al) N layer is deposited with an average layer thickness of 1 to 5 μm, and then the arc discharge between the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and anode electrode of the Ti—Al alloy is stopped, and then the apparatus While maintaining the inner atmosphere in a nitrogen atmosphere, an arc discharge was generated between the metal V as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and the anode electrode, so that the VN layer was 0.1 to 1.5 μm as the interlayer adhesion layer. After vapor deposition with an average layer thickness, the arc discharge between the metal V and the anode electrode is stopped, and at the same time, the supply of nitrogen gas into the apparatus is stopped, and the inside of the apparatus is evacuated for about 10 seconds, and then the apparatus Supply of oxygen gas into the inside Then, the atmosphere in the apparatus is switched to an oxygen atmosphere, and then arc discharge is again generated between the metal V as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and the anode electrode, and 0.1 to 1 μm is superimposed on the VN layer. after the deposited forming a VO _M layer with an average layer thickness, the arc discharge between the metal V and the anode electrode is stopped to stop the supply of oxygen gas into the device, evacuated for about 10 seconds in the apparatus the atmosphere starting the supply of the nitrogen gas to the after device switching to a nitrogen atmosphere, by generating arc discharge between the metal V and the anode electrode is a cathode electrode again (evaporation source), the VO _M layer Again the the VN layer was vapor deposited with an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1 [mu] m, further, the deposition formation of VO _M layer and the VN layer, by repeating the same procedure as described above, VO _M layer and the VN layer Overall goal consisting of alternating layers of An upper layer having a layer thickness (1 to 5 μm) can be formed by vapor deposition.

(E) The coated tool formed by vapor-depositing the hard coating layer composed of the lower layer, the interlayer adhesion layer, and the upper layer of the alternately laminated structure is stainless steel or high manganese steel having high viscosity and adhesion, Even when cutting difficult-to-cut materials such as mild steel under heavy cutting conditions such as high cutting with high load and high feed, the (Ti, Al) N layer as the lower layer has excellent high-temperature hardness and heat resistance. has a high temperature strength, also, the upper layer consisting of alternating laminated structure, and excellent surface slip characteristics possessed by the VO _M layer, both a high-temperature strength with the VN layer phase, further, the lower layer and the upper layer, Since it is firmly adhered via an interlayer adhesion layer having excellent high-temperature strength, the hard coating layer having such a structure has excellent surface slipperiness and excellent high-temperature strength. Excellent between wood and chips Surface slipperiness is ensured, and heavy cutting is performed in a state where the adhesion and reactivity of difficult-to-cut materials and chips to the cutting edge surface are significantly reduced. Occurrence is eliminated and excellent wear resistance is exhibited over a long period of time.
The research results shown in (a) to (e) above were obtained.

This invention was made based on the above research results, and on the surface of the tool base,
(A) having an average layer thickness of 1-5 μm, and
A lower layer composed of a composite nitride layer of Ti and Al satisfying the composition formula: (Ti _1-X Al _X ) N (wherein X is 0.30 to 0.70 in atomic ratio),
(B) an interlayer adhesion layer comprising a vanadium nitride layer having an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1.5 μm;
(C) It has an alternately laminated structure of a vanadium nitride layer having a single layer average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm and a vanadium oxide layer having a single layer average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm, and the entire layer has a thickness of 1 to 5 μm. An upper layer having an average layer thickness,
The present invention is characterized by a coated tool that forms a hard coating layer composed of the above (a) to (c) and that exhibits excellent chipping resistance in heavy cutting of difficult-to-cut materials. .

  Next, the reason why the numerical values of the constituent layers of the hard coating layer of the coated tool of the present invention are limited as described above will be described.

(A) Lower layer composition and average layer thickness The Al component, which is a component of (Ti _1-X Al _X ) N constituting the lower layer, improves the high-temperature hardness and heat resistance of the hard coating layer. The Ti component has the effect of improving the high-temperature strength, but when the X value indicating the proportion of Al is less than 0.30 in terms of the total amount with Ti (atomic ratio, the same applies hereinafter), a predetermined high-temperature hardness is obtained. Also, heat resistance cannot be ensured, which causes a decrease in wear resistance. On the other hand, when the X value indicating the Al ratio exceeds 0.70, the Ti ratio is relatively less than 0.30. Therefore, the high temperature strength required for heavy cutting of difficult-to-cut materials cannot be ensured, and it becomes difficult to prevent the occurrence of chipping, so the X value is 0.30 to 0.70. It is determined.

  Further, if the average layer thickness is less than 1 μm, it is insufficient to exhibit its excellent wear resistance over a long period of time, whereas if the average layer thickness exceeds 5 μm, the above-mentioned high viscosity is difficult. In the heavy cutting of the cutting material, chipping is likely to occur at the cutting edge, so the average layer thickness was set to 1 to 5 μm.

(B) Average layer thickness of interlayer adhesion layer The VN layer, which is an interlayer adhesion layer interposed between the lower layer and the upper layer, has an excellent high-temperature strength and is strong in both the upper layer and the lower layer. It is a layer that adheres and secures strong bonding strength, but if its average layer thickness is less than 0.1 μm, it cannot secure strong bonding strength between the upper layer and the lower layer, while its average layer thickness When the thickness exceeds 1.5 μm, the high temperature hardness of the hard coating layer deteriorates in the interlayer adhesion layer portion, and this causes a decrease in wear resistance. Therefore, the average layer thickness is determined to be 0.1 to 1.5 μm. It was.

(C) Single layer average layer thickness of vanadium nitride layer (VN layer) constituting alternate layer structure of upper layer Vanadium nitride layer (VN layer) constituting alternate layer structure of upper layer of hard coating layer has excellent high-temperature strength. and has a, also excellent in adhesion to the vanadium oxide layer constituting the alternate stacked structure (VO _M layer), by supplementing the insufficient high-temperature strength of the vanadium oxide layer (VO _M layer), the upper portion of the hard coating layer This contributes to the improvement of the high temperature strength of the layer. However, if the average layer thickness of the vanadium nitride layer (VN layer) constituting the alternately laminated structure of the upper layer of the hard coating layer is less than 0.1 μm, the high temperature strength of the upper layer is improved. On the other hand, if the average layer thickness exceeds 1 μm, the surface slipperiness required for the upper layer of the hard coating layer in heavy cutting of difficult-to-cut materials cannot be fully exhibited, and the hard coating High temperature of the layer Since the hardness also decreases, which causes a decrease in wear resistance, the average layer thickness is set to 0.1 to 1 μm.

(D) vanadium oxide layer constituting the alternate stacked structure of the upper layer (VO _M layer) average layer thickness hard layer vanadium oxide layer constituting the alternate stacked structure of the upper layer of the (VO _M layer) excellent It has a surface slipperiness and, as mentioned above, has extremely low adhesion and reactivity to the work material (hard-to-cut material) and chips, and this is maintained without change even when the work material is heated at high temperature during cutting. Therefore, the lower layer (Ti, Al) N layer is protected from the high-temperature heated work material and chips, and exhibits the effect of suppressing the occurrence of chipping, but the average layer thickness is If the thickness is less than 0.1 μm, a desired effect cannot be obtained in the above-described action. On the other hand, if the average layer thickness exceeds 1 μm, the high-temperature strength is reinforced by the alternately laminated structure with the vanadium nitride layer (VN layer). As well as chipping Therefore, the average layer thickness was determined to be 0.1 to 1 μm.

(E) Overall average layer thickness of the upper layer If the overall average layer thickness of the upper layer is less than 1 μm, the hard coating layer cannot sufficiently exhibit excellent surface slipperiness in heavy cutting of difficult-to-cut materials. The effect of reducing the adhesion and reactivity of the cutting material (difficult-to-cut material) and chips to the cutting edge surface cannot be expected. On the other hand, if the overall average layer thickness exceeds 5 μm, the high temperature hardness of the hard coating layer Decreases rapidly and wear resistance becomes insufficient, so the total average layer thickness is set to 1 to 5 μm.

In the coated tool of the present invention, the lower layer (Ti, Al) N layer constituting the hard coating layer has excellent high-temperature hardness, heat resistance, and high-temperature strength, and the upper layer composed of an alternately laminated structure , both a superior high-temperature strength with the excellent surface slipperiness and VN layer having the VO _M layer phase, further, the lower layer and the upper layer, firmly adhered through an interlayer adhesive layer having excellent high-temperature strength Therefore, the hard coating layer as a whole has excellent high-temperature hardness, heat resistance, high-temperature strength and surface slipperiness, and as a result, stainless steel, high-manganese steel, and mild steel, which are particularly viscous and sticky. Even heavy-duty machining such as difficult-to-cut materials such as heavy-duty cutting materials exhibit excellent chipping resistance and excellent wear resistance over a long period of time.

  Next, the coated tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.

WC powder, TiC powder, ZrC powder, VC powder, TaC powder, NbC powder, Cr ₃ C ₂ powder, TiN powder, TaN powder, and Co powder all having an average particle diameter of 1 to 3 μm are prepared as raw material powders. These raw material powders are blended in the composition shown in Table 1, wet mixed by a ball mill for 72 hours, dried, and then pressed into a green compact at a pressure of 100 MPa. Medium, sintered at 1400 ° C for 1 hour, after sintering, WC-based carbide with honing of R: 0.03 on the cutting edge and chip shape of ISO standard CNMG120408 Alloy tool bases A-1 to A-10 were formed.

In addition, as raw material powders, TiCN (mass ratio, TiC / TiN = 50/50) powder, Mo ₂ C powder, ZrC powder, NbC powder, TaC powder, WC, all having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 2 μm. Prepare powder, Co powder, and Ni powder, mix these raw material powders into the composition shown in Table 2, wet mix for 24 hours with a ball mill, dry, and press-mold into green compact at 100 MPa pressure The green compact was sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere of 2 kPa at a temperature of 1500 ° C. for 1 hour. After sintering, the cutting edge portion was subjected to a honing process of R: 0.03 to meet ISO standards / Tool bases B-1 to B-6 made of TiCN base cermet having a chip shape of CNMG120408 were formed.

(A) Next, each of the tool bases A-1 to A-10 and B-1 to B-6 is ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then the arc ion plating shown in FIG. Attached along the outer periphery at a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the central axis on the rotary table in the apparatus, cathode electrodes (evaporation sources) are arranged on opposite sides across the rotary table, one of which The metal V is disposed as a cathode electrode (evaporation source), and a Ti—Al alloy for forming a lower layer having a predetermined composition is disposed as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) on the other side.
(B) First, the inside of the apparatus is heated to 500 ° C. with a heater while the inside of the apparatus is evacuated and kept at a vacuum of 0.1 Pa or less, and then the tool base that rotates while rotating on the rotary table is −1000 V. A DC bias voltage is applied, and an arc discharge is generated by flowing a current of 100 A between the lower electrode forming Ti—Al alloy of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, so that the surface of the tool base is made of the Ti—Al alloy. Bombard washed,
(C) Next, nitrogen gas is introduced as a reaction gas into the apparatus to form a reaction atmosphere of 4 Pa, a DC bias voltage of −100 V is applied to the tool base that rotates while rotating on the rotary table, and An arc discharge is generated by flowing a current of 120 A between the Ti—Al alloy of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, and the target composition and the lower part of the target layer thickness shown in Tables 3 and 4 are formed on the surface of the tool base. After the (Ti, Al) N layer as a layer is formed by vapor deposition with an average layer thickness of 1 to 5 μm, the arc discharge between the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and the anode electrode of the Ti—Al alloy is stopped,
(D) Subsequently, while maintaining the atmosphere in the apparatus in a 2 Pa nitrogen atmosphere, a current of 120 A was passed between the metal V as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and the anode electrode to generate arc discharge, and 3. After depositing a VN layer with an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1.5 μm as an interlayer adhesion layer having a target layer thickness shown in Table 4, the arc discharge between the metal V and the anode electrode was stopped. At the same time, the supply of nitrogen gas into the apparatus is stopped, the inside of the apparatus is evacuated for about 10 seconds,
(E) After that, supply of oxygen gas into the apparatus is started to switch the atmosphere in the vapor deposition apparatus to an oxygen atmosphere of 0.2 Pa, and again 120 A between the metal V as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and the anode electrode. current to generate arc discharge sink, the interlayer adhesion layer, also Table 3, after further deposited forming a VO _M layer of the target layer thicknesses shown in Table 4, between the metal V and the anode electrode The arc discharge is stopped, the supply of oxygen gas into the apparatus is stopped, and the inside of the apparatus is evacuated for about 10 seconds. (F) Then, the supply of nitrogen gas into the apparatus is started and the atmosphere in the vapor deposition apparatus is changed. While maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere of 2 Pa, a current of 120 A was passed between the metal V as the cathode electrode (evaporation source) and the anode electrode to generate arc discharge, so that the single layers shown in Tables 3 and 4 were obtained. VN layer with target layer thickness is deposited and formed And then, an arc discharge between the metal V and the anode electrode is stopped, at the same time to stop the supply of the nitrogen gas into the apparatus, it was approximately evacuated 10 seconds in the apparatus,
(G) the steps (e), repeatedly (f), Table 3, the VN layer and the upper layer of the entire target layer thickness consisting of alternately-layered structure of VO _M layer formed by evaporation as shown in Table 4.
Hard coating layers were formed by vapor deposition according to the above (a) to (g), and surface coating throwaway tips (hereinafter referred to as the present invention coated tips) 1 to 16 as the present invention coated tools were produced, respectively.

  For comparison purposes, these tool bases A-1 to A-10 and B-1 to B-6 were ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, respectively, and the arc ion plating shown in FIG. Insert the Ti-Al alloy with various compositions as the cathode electrode (evaporation source), and first evacuate the inside of the device and keep it at a vacuum of 0.1 Pa or less. Is heated to 500 ° C., a DC bias voltage of −1000 V is applied to the tool base, and a current of 100 A is passed between the Ti—Al alloy of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode to generate arc discharge. Thus, the surface of the tool base is bombarded with the Ti—Al alloy, and then nitrogen gas is introduced into the apparatus as a reaction gas to form a reaction atmosphere of 3 Pa, and a via applied to the tool base. The voltage is lowered to −100 V to generate an arc discharge between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode of the Ti—Al alloy, so that each of the tool bases A-1 to A-10 and B-1 to B-6 A conventional surface-coated throwaway tip (hereinafter referred to as a conventional coated tool) is formed by vapor-depositing a (Ti, Al) N layer having a target composition and a target layer thickness shown in Tables 5 and 6 as a hard coating layer. (Referred to as conventional coated chips) 1-16.

Next, in the state where each of the above-mentioned various coated chips is screwed to the tip of the tool steel tool with a fixing jig, the present coated chips 1-16 and the conventional coated chips 1-16,
Work material: JIS · SCMnH1 lengthwise equidistant four round grooved round bars,
Cutting speed: 230 m / min. ,
Cutting depth: 3.5 mm,
Feed: 0.5 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 5 minutes,
Of high manganese steel under the above conditions (cutting condition A), a dry intermittent high cutting test (normal cutting is 1.5 mm)
Work material: JIS / SUS316 round bar,
Cutting speed: 210 m / min. ,
Cutting depth: 4 mm,
Feed: 0.3 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 10 minutes,
Stainless steel dry continuous high-cut cutting test under normal conditions (cutting condition B) (normal cutting is 1.5 mm),
Work material: JIS / S15C lengthwise equal length 4 vertical grooved round bars,
Cutting speed: 260 m / min. ,
Cutting depth: 3 mm,
Feed: 0.5 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 5 minutes,
Was performed in a dry interrupted high feed cutting test (normal feed is 0.25 mm / rev.), And the flank wear width of the cutting edge was measured in any cutting test. . The measurement results are shown in Table 7.

As raw material powders, medium coarse WC powder having an average particle diameter of 5.5 μm, fine WC powder of 0.8 μm, TaC powder of 1.3 μm, NbC powder of 1.2 μm, ZrC of 1.2 μm Powder, 2.3 μm Cr ₃ C ₂ powder, 1.5 μm VC powder, 1.0 μm (Ti, W) C [by mass ratio, TiC / WC = 50/50] powder, and 1 Prepare 8 μm Co powder, mix these raw material powders with the composition shown in Table 8, add wax, ball mill in acetone for 24 hours, dry under reduced pressure, and press at a pressure of 100 MPa. The green compacts were press-molded, and these green compacts were heated to a predetermined temperature in the range of 1370 to 1470 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 7 ° C./min in a 6 Pa vacuum atmosphere. After holding at temperature for 1 hour, sintering under furnace cooling conditions Then, three types of tool base forming round bar sintered bodies having diameters of 8 mm, 13 mm, and 26 mm are formed, and further, the three kinds of round bar sintered bodies are shown in Table 8 by grinding. In combination, the diameter x length of the cutting edge is 6 mm x 13 mm, 10 mm x 22 mm, and 20 mm x 45 mm, respectively, and each is made of a WC-based cemented carbide with a 4-flute square shape with a twist angle of 30 degrees Tool bases (end mills) C-1 to C-8 were produced.

Subsequently, the surfaces of these tool bases (end mills) C-1 to C-8 were ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then charged into the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. Under the same conditions as in Example 1, the lower layer composed of the (Ti, Al) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 9, the interlayer adhesion layer having the target layer thickness also shown in Table 9, and the same table the more consisting of alternating layered structure of the target layer VN layer thickness and VO _M layer (target total layer thickness) to a hard coating layer composed of a top layer formed by evaporation as shown in 9, as the present invention coated tool The surface-coated carbide end mills (hereinafter referred to as the present invention-coated end mills) 1 to 8 of the present invention were produced.

  For the purpose of comparison, the surfaces of the tool bases (end mills) C-1 to C-8 are ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then mounted on the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. And by depositing a hard coating layer comprising a (Ti, Al) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 10 under the same conditions as in Example 1, the conventional surface as a conventional coating tool Coated carbide end mills (hereinafter referred to as conventional coated end mills) 1 to 8 were produced.

Next, of the present invention coated end mills 1-8 and the conventional coated end mills 1-8,
About this invention coated end mills 1-3 and conventional coated end mills 1-3,
Work material-planar dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SCMnH1 plate material,
Cutting speed: 60 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 5 mm,
Table feed: 200 mm / min,
High-manganese steel dry high-grooving groove cutting test under normal conditions (normal groove depth is 3 mm),
About this invention coated end mills 4-6 and conventional coated end mills 4-6,
Work material-Plane dimensions: 100 mm x 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SUS316 plate material,
Cutting speed: 70 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 4.5 mm,
Table feed: 280 mm / min,
Stainless steel dry type high feed groove cutting test under normal conditions (normal table feed is 130 mm / min),
For the coated end mills 7 and 8 of the present invention and the conventional coated end mills 7 and 8,
Work material-planar dimensions: 100 mm x 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / S15C plate,
Cutting speed: 50 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 15 mm,
Table feed: 200 mm / min,
Mild steel dry high-cut groove cutting test (normal groove depth is 10 mm),
In each groove cutting test, the cutting groove length was measured until the flank wear width of the outer peripheral edge of the cutting edge reached 0.1 mm, which is a guide for the service life. The measurement results are shown in Table 9 and Table 10, respectively.

  The diameters produced in Example 2 above were 8 mm (for forming the tool bases C-1 to C-3), 13 mm (for forming the tool bases C-4 to C-6), and 26 mm (tool bases C-7 and C). -8 for forming), and from these three types of round bar sintered bodies, the diameter x length of the groove forming part is 4 mm x 13 mm (tool base D) by grinding. −1 to D-3), 8 mm × 22 mm (tool base D-4 to D-6), and 16 mm × 45 mm (tool bases D-7 and D-8), and all having a twist angle of 30 degrees 2 WC-base cemented carbide tool bases (drills) D-1 to D-8 having a single-blade shape were produced, respectively.

  Next, the cutting edges of these tool bases (drills) D-1 to D-8 are subjected to honing, ultrasonically cleaned in acetone, and dried to the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. And under the same conditions as in Example 1, the lower layer composed of the (Ti, Al) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 11, and the interlayer adhesion of the target layer thickness also shown in Table 11 By vapor-depositing a layer and a hard coating layer composed of an upper layer (having a target total layer thickness) composed of an alternately laminated structure of a VN layer and a VOM layer having a target layer thickness also shown in Table 11, The surface-coated carbide drills (hereinafter referred to as the present invention-coated drills) 1 to 8 as the present invention-coated tools were produced, respectively.

  For the purpose of comparison, the surface of the tool base (drill) D-1 to D-8 is subjected to honing, ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and the arc ions shown in FIG. By charging the plating apparatus and depositing a hard coating layer made of a (Ti, Al) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 12 under the same conditions as in Example 1 above, Conventional surface-coated carbide drills (hereinafter referred to as conventional coated drills) 1 to 8 as conventional coated tools were produced, respectively.

Next, of the present invention coated drills 1 to 8 and the conventional coated drills 1 to 8, the present invention coated drills 1 to 3 and the conventional coated drills 1 to 3 are:
Work material-planar dimensions: 100 mm x 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / S15C plate,
Cutting speed: 60 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.38 mm / rev,
Hole depth: 8 mm,
Wet high-feed drilling test of mild steel under normal conditions (normal feed is 0.2 mm / rev),
About this invention coated drill 4-6 and conventional coated drills 4-6,
Work material-planar dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SCMnH1 plate material,
Cutting speed: 90 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.4 mm / rev,
Hole depth: 20 mm,
Wet high feed drilling test of high manganese steel under normal conditions (normal feed is 0.25 mm / rev),
About this invention covering drills 7 and 8 and conventional covering drills 7 and 8,
Work material-Plane dimensions: 100 mm x 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SUS316 plate material,
Cutting speed: 120 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.45 mm / rev,
Hole depth: 25 mm,
Stainless steel wet high feed drilling cutting test (normal feed is 0.25 mm / rev),
In each wet high-speed drilling test (using water-soluble cutting oil), the number of drilling processes until the flank wear width of the tip cutting edge surface reached 0.3 mm was measured. The measurement results are shown in Tables 11 and 12, respectively.

  (Ti, Al) N layer constituting the hard coating layer of the present coated chips 1-16, the present coated end mills 1-8, and the present coated drills 1-8 as the present coated tool obtained as a result of this ( The composition of the lower layer) and the composition of the hard coating layer comprising the (Ti, Al) N layers of the conventional coated tips 1-16, conventional coated end mills 1-8, and conventional coated drills 1-8 as conventional coated tools. When measured by energy dispersive X-ray analysis using a transmission electron microscope, each showed substantially the same composition as the target composition.

Moreover, as measured by energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the composition of the VO _M layer constituting the upper layer of the hard coating layer of the present invention coated tools also by using a transmission electron microscope, a composition formula, as a main component VO This shows a mixed structure containing V ₂ O ₃ and VO ₂ .

The average layer thickness of the lower layer of the hard coating layer, average layer thickness of the average layer pressure interlayer adhesion layer, VN layer and VO _M layer, the entire layer thickness of the upper layer by using a scanning electron microscope cross-section When measured, all showed the average value (average value of five places) substantially the same as the target layer thickness.

From the results shown in Tables 7 and 9-12, the coated tools of the present invention are particularly heavy, such as high cutting and high feed of difficult-to-cut materials such as stainless steel and high manganese steel, and also mild steel with high viscosity and adhesion. Even in cutting under cutting conditions, the (Ti, Al) N layer, which is the lower layer of the hard coating layer, has excellent high-temperature hardness, heat resistance and high-temperature strength in a state where it is tightly bonded to the tool base surface. and the upper layer consisting of alternating laminated structure of VN layer and the VO _M layer, improving the excellent high-temperature strength of the entire upper layer at the same time the surface sliding property is secured between the workpiece and swarf Furthermore, since the upper layer and the lower layer are firmly bonded by the interlayer adhesive layer having excellent high temperature strength, excellent wear resistance is exhibited over a long period of time without occurrence of chipping. On the other hand, in the conventional coated tool in which the hard coating layer is composed of a (Ti, Al) N layer, the work material (hard-cutting material), the cutting powder, Since the adhesiveness and reactivity with the hard coating layer are further increased, and the adhesion of the hard coating layer to the surface of the tool base is insufficient, chipping occurs at the cutting edge, It is clear that the service life is reached in a short time.

  As described above, the coated tool of the present invention exhibits excellent chipping resistance not only for cutting of general steel and ordinary cast iron, but particularly for heavy cutting of the above difficult-to-cut materials, and for a long time. Since it shows excellent cutting performance, it can fully satisfactorily cope with the FA of the cutting apparatus, labor saving and energy saving of cutting, and cost reduction.

The arc ion plating apparatus used for forming the hard coating layer which comprises this invention coated tool is shown, (a) is a schematic plan view, (b) is a schematic front view. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of a normal arc ion plating apparatus.

Claims (1)

On the surface of the tool base composed of tungsten carbide based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride based cermet,
(A) having an average layer thickness of 1-5 μm, and
A lower layer composed of a composite nitride layer of Ti and Al satisfying the composition formula: (Ti _1-X Al _X ) N (wherein X is 0.30 to 0.70 in atomic ratio),
(B) an interlayer adhesion layer comprising a vanadium nitride layer having an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1.5 μm;
(C) It has an alternately laminated structure of a vanadium nitride layer having a single layer average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm and a vanadium oxide layer having a single layer average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm, and the entire layer has a thickness of 1 to 5 μm. An upper layer having an average layer thickness,
A surface-coated cutting tool that exhibits a chipping resistance in which a hard coating layer is excellent in heavy cutting of difficult-to-cut materials, which is formed by forming the hard coating layer configured as described above in (a) to (c).

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