JP4679092B2 - Transparent sheet heating element and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transparent sheet heating element and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a transparent sheet heating element for a liquid crystal element and a method for manufacturing the same.

  In recent years, the demand for liquid crystal display elements has increased, but there are problems such as slow operation of the liquid crystal when used in cold regions, and the liquid crystal display elements are also provided with a transparent surface heater for temperature control. There is a growing need.

  Conventionally, as a liquid crystal display element used under conditions such as cold regions, for example, Patent Document 1 generates heat from a transparent conductive film such as silver, copper, or indium tin oxide (ITO) provided on a transparent substrate. A transparent surface heater having a pair of metal electrodes for use as a surface and for energizing the transparent conductive film has been reported.

  However, with this method, it is not always easy to uniformly heat the entire liquid crystal element, and when a heating resistor made of a transparent conductive film that increases haze and reflection as the thickness increases, the liquid crystal display is viewed. It gets in the way. In addition, at a thin thickness that can ensure transparency, the sheet resistance value is large, so that the amount of current flowing is small and the rise of heat generation may be slow. Furthermore, when a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, or the like is used, the manufacturing cost is increased.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, a solution of an organic silver compound or the like is spray-coated on a substrate to form a fine network structure film, which is irradiated with radiation to reduce and precipitate silver to form a fine silver network structure. It is described that a transparent conductive film having a slag is obtained, which can be used as a transparent planar heating element. However, in this method, silver is reduced by irradiation with ultraviolet rays or the like, but there is a problem in stable reproducibility.

Therefore, there is a demand for a method for more easily manufacturing a high-quality transparent sheet heating element that has high transparency and visibility, has a low resistance value of the conductive portion, and can generate uniform heat.
JP-A-9-306647 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-312715

  The present invention provides a transparent sheet heating element with high transparency and visibility, low electrical resistance value of a conductive part and high quality surface heating characteristics capable of uniform heat generation, and the transparent sheet heating element. The main object is to provide a method for manufacturing at low cost.

  As a result of earnest research to solve the above problems, the present inventor is provided so that the network-like conductive layer and the transparent resin layer form substantially the same plane on at least one surface of the transparent substrate, It has been found that a transparent sheet heating element comprising a pair of electrodes in a conductive layer has high transparency and visibility and high quality surface heating characteristics. Based on this knowledge, further studies have been made and the present invention has been completed.

  That is, the present invention provides the following transparent sheet heating element and method for producing the same.

  Item 1. A transparent planar heating element, wherein a network-like conductive layer and a transparent resin layer are provided on at least one surface of a transparent substrate so as to form substantially the same plane, and the conductive layer includes a pair of electrodes.

  Item 2. Item 2. The transparent sheet heating element according to Item 1, wherein the conductive layer is made of a conductive paste.

  Item 3. The conductive paste is a particulate silver oxide having an average particle size of 2 μm or less, a silver salt of a tertiary fatty acid having a total carbon number of 5 to 30, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an ether ester of ethylene glycol, an ether ester of propylene glycol Item 3. The transparent sheet heating element according to Item 2, which is a conductive paste containing a solvent mainly comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of terpineol and terpineol.

  Item 4. Item 4. The transparent sheet heating element according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein a hard coat layer is provided on a surface opposite to the surface of the transparent substrate having the network conductive layer.

  Item 5. Item 5. The transparent sheet heating element according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein at least one surface of a transparent substrate is covered with a transparent resin layer, and a mesh-like conductive layer is formed in a recess provided on the transparent resin layer.

Item 6. Production of a transparent sheet heating element in which a network-like conductive layer and a transparent resin layer are provided on at least one surface of a transparent substrate so as to form substantially the same plane, and the conductive layer is provided with a pair of electrodes. A manufacturing method comprising the following steps (a) to (e):
(A) using a plate provided with a recess corresponding to the shape of the transparent resin layer, and filling a resin for forming a transparent resin layer in the recess of the plate;
(B) a step of forming a transparent resin layer by curing a resin that forms a filled transparent resin layer while contacting a transparent substrate and a plate;
(C) a step of transferring the transparent resin layer from the plate side to the transparent substrate by peeling the transparent substrate from the plate, and forming a transparent resin layer on the surface of the transparent substrate;
(D) a step of injecting a conductive paste between the transparent resin layers where the surface of the transparent substrate is exposed;
(E) removing excess conductive paste on the transparent resin layer and then heat-treating to form a network-like conductive layer on the surface of the transparent substrate; and (f) a pair of conductive layers. The process of providing the above electrodes.

Item 7. At least one surface of a transparent substrate is covered with a transparent resin layer, and a mesh-like conductive layer is formed in the recesses on the transparent resin layer, and the mesh-like conductive layer and the transparent resin layer form a substantially flat surface. A method for producing a transparent sheet heating element provided with a pair of electrodes on a conductive layer, the method comprising the following steps (a) to (e):
(A) using a plate provided with a recess corresponding to the shape of the transparent resin layer, and applying a resin for forming the transparent resin layer on the surface and the recess of the plate;
(B) a step of curing the resin forming the transparent resin layer to form the transparent resin layer while contacting the transparent substrate and the plate coated with the resin forming the transparent resin layer;
(C) a step of transferring the transparent resin layer from the plate side to the transparent substrate by peeling the transparent substrate from the plate, and forming a transparent resin layer on the surface of the transparent substrate;
(D) a step of injecting a conductive paste into the concave portion corresponding to the mesh-like conductive layer on the transparent resin layer;
(E) removing excess conductive paste on the transparent resin layer, and then heat-treating to form a network-like conductive layer in the recesses on the transparent resin layer; and (f) a pair of conductive layers. The process of providing the above electrodes.

Item 8. Production of a transparent sheet heating element in which a network-like conductive layer and a transparent resin layer are provided on at least one surface of a transparent substrate so as to form substantially the same plane, and the conductive layer is provided with a pair of electrodes. A manufacturing method comprising the following steps (a) to (e):
(A) using a plate provided with a recess corresponding to the shape of the network-like conductive layer, and filling the recess of the plate with a conductive paste;
(B) a step of curing the filled conductive paste while bringing the transparent substrate and the plate into contact with each other to form a network-like conductive layer;
(C) By peeling the transparent substrate from the plate, the mesh-like conductive layer is transferred from the plate side to the transparent substrate, and the mesh-like conductive layer is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate. Process,
(D) A step of injecting a resin for forming a transparent resin layer between the network-like conductive layers with the surface of the transparent substrate exposed, and (e) a step of providing a pair of electrodes on the conductive layer.

Item 9. Production of a transparent sheet heating element in which a network-like conductive layer and a transparent resin layer are provided on at least one surface of a transparent substrate so as to form substantially the same plane, and the conductive layer is provided with a pair of electrodes. A manufacturing method comprising the following steps (a) to (e):
(A) A step of applying or sticking a liquid or dry film photosensitive resist on a transparent substrate to form a transparent resin layer on the transparent substrate,
(B) a step of forming a recess corresponding to the shape of the mesh-like conductive layer in the transparent resin layer by a photolithography method;
(C) a step of injecting a conductive paste between the transparent resin layers where the surface of the transparent substrate is exposed,
(D) removing excess conductive paste on the transparent resin layer, and then heat-treating to form a mesh-like conductive layer on the surface of the transparent substrate; and (e) a pair of conductive layers. The process of providing the above electrodes.

  Item 10. Item 10. A transparent sheet heating element manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of Items 6 to 9.

  Item 11. The liquid crystal display body laminated | stacked in order of a polarizing plate / liquid crystal element / polarizing plate / adhesion layer / the transparent planar heating element in any one of the items 1-5 and 10 / transparent insulation layer.

  Item 12. Item 11. A polarizing plate protective film comprising the transparent sheet heating element according to any one of Items 1 to 5 and 10.

  Item 13. Item 13. A liquid crystal display device, wherein the polarizing plate protective film according to Item 12 is laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing plate.

  Item 14. Item 11. A retardation film comprising the transparent sheet heating element according to any one of Items 1 to 5 and 10.

  Item 15. Item 15. A liquid crystal display element comprising the retardation film according to item 14 laminated on at least one surface of a polarizing plate.

The present invention is described in detail below.
I. Transparent sheet heating element
Transparent substrate constituting the transparent planar heating element transparent substrate present invention has a transparency enough to be transparent at least a liquid crystal display (LCD) is heat resistance, weather resistance, non-shrinkable, and Those excellent in mechanical strength, chemical resistance and the like are preferable.

  The material of the transparent base material is polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN); polycarbonate resin; poly (meth) acrylate resin; silicone resin; cyclic polyolefin resin; polyarylate resin; Examples thereof include thermoplastic resins such as ether sulfone resins. Among the above, PET or PEN is preferably employed when comprehensively judged from the viewpoints of transparency, cost, durability, heat resistance, and the like. The thickness is usually about 25 μm to 5 mm.

  Here, the transparency of the transparent base material is not particularly limited as long as it is transparent enough to be used for applications such as a liquid crystal display (LCD). Usually, the total light transmittance (hereinafter referred to as “Tt”) measured by JIS K7105 is 80% or more, preferably about 85 to 90%, and the haze value measured by JIS K7105 is about 0.1 to 3%. If it is.

  Examples of the form of the transparent substrate include a film shape, a sheet shape, and a flat plate shape. When the transparent substrate is in the form of a film or a sheet, the thickness is usually about 25 to 200 μm, preferably about 30 to 188 μm. In particular, when used as a heating element of a liquid crystal display (LCD), about 40 to 125 μm is preferable. Moreover, in the case of plate shape, the thickness should just be about 0.5-5 mm normally, Preferably it is about 1-3 mm.

Hard coat layer Moreover, you may provide a hard-coat layer in the surface opposite to the surface in which a conductive layer and a transparent resin layer are formed in the transparent base material used by this invention.

  As the hard coat layer, a common material may be used as long as it does not impair the transparency. Although there is no particular limitation, an ultraviolet curable acrylate resin is preferable. The main component is not particularly limited as long as it is an ultraviolet curable acrylate having two or more functional groups such as polyester acrylate, urethane acrylate, and epoxy acrylate. 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol PO modified diacrylate, EO modified bisphenol A di Bifunctional acrylate such as acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, trimethylolpropane EO modified triacrylate, PO modified glycerin triacrylate, trishydroxyethyl isocyanate Use of polyfunctional acrylates such as nurate triacrylate is preferred.

  In addition, a photopolymerization initiator is usually added to the ultraviolet curable acrylate resin. As a photopolymerization initiator, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (Irgacure 184 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.), 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, and the like are added. Thus, a sufficient cured film can be obtained. Others, benzoin, benzoin derivative, benzophenone, benzophenone derivative, thioxanthone, thioxanthone derivative, benzyldimethyl ketal, α-aminoalkylphenone, monoacylphosphine oxide, bisacylphosphine oxide, alkylphenylglyoxylate, diethoxyacetophenone, titanocene compound A photopolymerization initiator such as can also be used.

  The blending ratio of these photopolymerization initiators is preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the ultraviolet curable acrylate resin. When the amount is less than 1 part by weight, the polymerization does not start sufficiently, and when the amount exceeds 10 parts by weight, the durability is lowered in some cases.

  In addition, in the said ultraviolet curable acrylate resin, a 3rd component (UV absorber, a filler, etc.) may be included in the grade which does not impair the transparency, and there is no restriction | limiting in particular.

  The method for forming the hard coat layer on the transparent substrate may be a general coating method, and is not particularly limited.

  By providing a hard coat layer on a transparent base material, it is possible to suppress whitening and yellowing due to precipitation of oligomers from the base resin during the heat treatment described later. High transparency is ensured. In addition, it is possible to prevent scratches during the manufacturing process of the transparent sheet heating element.

Conductive layer The conductive layer formed on a transparent substrate can be formed using a conductive paste. For example, a metal powder (for example, a composite powder in which nickel powder, silver powder, or silver and copper are mixed in an acrylic resin binder), or a metal powder (for example, gold powder or silver powder) mixed in a solvent can be used. However, the metal powder is not a pure metal, as long as it has a predetermined conductivity obtained through a heating process or the like. In that sense, the metal oxide is a metal oxide, which will be described later, or an organic acid metal salt. Certain tertiary fatty acid silver salts can also be selected. Moreover , the resin binder solvent used in the pasting can be appropriately selected depending on processability and stability, and is not particularly limited to the above.

  In particular, a conductive paste containing particulate silver oxide, tertiary fatty acid silver and a solvent stably exhibits low resistance, and thus is preferably used. The average particle size of the particulate silver oxide is 2 μm or less, and when silver oxide having a particle size larger than this is used, the average particle size is set in the manufacturing process (kneading step, synthesis step, etc.) of the conductive paste. What is necessary is just to be 2 micrometers or less. The average particle size is more preferably 200 to 500 nm.

  The tertiary fatty acid silver salt is a silver salt of a tertiary fatty acid having a total carbon number of 5 to 30, preferably 10 to 30, and can be dissolved or homogeneously dispersed in a dispersion medium used during paste preparation. This tertiary fatty acid silver salt serves as a lubricant, and when silver oxide and tertiary fatty acid silver salt are kneaded to form a paste, the silver oxide is pulverized to promote micronization and silver oxide. It exists around the grains to suppress reaggregation of silver oxide grains and improve dispersibility. For this reason, it can be made paste without adding a binder. Further, this tertiary fatty acid silver salt has a function of precipitating silver during heating and fusing together silver particles produced by reduction from silver oxide.

  Specific examples of such tertiary fatty acid silver salts include silver pivalate, silver neoheptanoate, silver neononanoate, and silver neodecanoate. The production of the tertiary fatty acid silver salt is carried out, for example, by neutralizing the tertiary fatty acid with an alkali compound in water and reacting this with silver nitrate.

  The blending ratio of the particulate silver oxide and the tertiary fatty acid silver salt in the conductive paste is such that the weight ratio (A / B) is when the weight of the silver oxide is A and the weight of the tertiary fatty acid silver salt is B. It is preferable that it is 1 / 4-3 / 1.

  In the conductive paste, a solvent is contained in addition to silver oxide and tertiary fatty acid silver salt. The solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not react with silver oxide and the tertiary fatty acid silver salt and can disperse them satisfactorily. For example, aromatic solvents such as toluene, ether esters of ethylene glycol such as triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ether esters of propylene glycol such as tripropylene glycol normal butyl ether, and organic solvents such as terpineol are used. The usage-amount of a solvent should just be about 1-100 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of particulate silver oxide.

  Further, if necessary, a dispersing agent can be added to disperse the particulate silver oxide well, thereby preventing secondary aggregation of the particulate silver oxide. As the dispersant, a fiber-based polymer such as hydroxypropylcellulose, a water-soluble polymer such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, or the like is used. The amount used may be 0 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the particulate silver oxide.

  The conductive paste of the present invention is produced by, for example, a method in which particulate silver oxide, tertiary fatty acid silver salt and a solvent are mixed and then kneaded with a roll mill or the like to form a paste. Since this conductive paste has particulate silver oxide having an average particle diameter of 2 μm or less, metallic silver particles are easily generated even under relatively low-temperature heating conditions (for example, about 150 to 200 ° C.) and melted together. It becomes a continuous coating or lump of metallic silver.

  In addition, the conductive paste is prepared to have a viscosity and thixotropy suitable for forming a conductive layer, which will be described later, and used for forming the conductive layer. The viscosity and thixotropic properties can be appropriately selected according to the particle size of the particulate silver oxide, the type of tertiary fatty acid silver salt, the type of solvent, and the like. For example, the viscosity of the conductive paste may be about 10 to 10000 dPa · s, and the thixotropy index may be appropriately selected within the range of about 0.1 to 0.9.

  An example of such a conductive paste is “Doutite XA-9083” manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.

Transparent resin layer Examples of the resin forming the transparent resin layer include ionizing radiation curable resins and thermosetting resins.

  Examples of the ionizing radiation curable resin include ultraviolet curable acrylate resins having two or more functional groups such as polyester acrylate, urethane acrylate, and epoxy acrylate. Examples of the thermosetting resin include unsaturated polyester resins, An epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a silicone resin, etc. are mentioned.

  In particular, an ionizing radiation curable resin is preferable as the transparent resin used in first to third examples of embodiments described later. In particular, urethane acrylate is preferred from the viewpoint of recess processability. A known photopolymerization initiator may be added to the ionizing radiation curable resin as necessary.

  Moreover, as a transparent resin used for the 4th example of below-mentioned embodiment, the transparent photosensitive resist used with a general photolithography method is preferable.

  Here, the photosensitive resist includes a negative type and a positive type. When the negative type is exposed and receives ultraviolet rays, only the portion is photocured. The positive type has a light characteristic opposite to that of the negative type, and a portion that receives ultraviolet light undergoes photolysis. If both development processes are performed, the unexposed portion is dissolved and removed in the negative type, and the exposed portion is dissolved and removed in the positive type. Accordingly, a positive mask (black mesh pattern is black) is used for the negative (exposure original plate), and a negative mask (black mesh pattern is transparent) is used for the positive mask.

  The resist is not particularly limited, but in general, an acrylic type can be used for a negative type, and a diazo type can be used for a body type. In addition, since the resist is generally in a liquid state, it is applied by a coating method. However, the resist may be in the form of a film in advance like a dry film.

  Here, the transparency in the transparent resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a degree of transparency that can be used for applications such as a liquid crystal display (LCD). Usually, the total light transmittance (hereinafter referred to as “Tt”) measured by JIS K7105 is 70% or more, preferably about 80 to 90%, and the haze value measured by JIS K7105 is about 0.1 to 5%. If it is.

Transparent sheet heating element An embodiment of the transparent sheet heating element of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1A is a schematic sectional view of the embodiment, and FIG. 1B is a plan view seen from the A0 side of FIG. FIG.1 (c) is the top view which expanded and showed A1 area | region which is a part of transparent planar heating element of FIG.1 (b), FIG.1 (d) is a modification of a 1st example. It is a schematic sectional drawing in a transparent planar heating element.

  In FIG. 1, 110 is a transparent substrate (base substrate), 120 is a conductive layer, 121 is a straight line, 122 is a mesh, 123 is a planar heating region, 125 is an electrode, and 130 is a transparent resin layer. .

  One embodiment of a transparent sheet heating element will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 1A, the transparent planar heat generating region 123 shown in FIG. 1B includes a transparent substrate 110, a conductive layer 120, and a transparent resin layer 130. In addition, as shown in FIG. 1C, in the transparent sheet-like heat generating region 123, two parallel straight lines made of a conductive material intersect to form a mesh 122, and the mesh serves as a heating element. ing. The concave portion other than the conductive layer on the transparent substrate surface is filled with the transparent resin layer 130. That is, the network-like conductive layers (recesses) where the transparent substrate surface is exposed are filled with the transparent resin layer 130 without any gaps so that the transparent substrate is not exposed.

  As a specific example, as shown in FIG. 1A, a structure in which the conductive layer 120 and the transparent resin layer 130 form independent layers having substantially the same thickness on the base material and form substantially the same plane. In addition, a structure in which the conductive layer 120 is further covered with a transparent resin layer as shown in FIG.

  The electrode 125 includes the conductive layer 120 and is formed integrally with the mesh 122. However, the electrode 125 and the mesh 122 may be made of different materials.

The electrode is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity, and examples thereof include conductive paste, conductive resin, conductive resin and metal foil, metal plating, and metal nanoparticles. From the viewpoint of contact resistance, a lower resistance value is preferred. These electrodes are all known ones and can be formed by a known method.

The group of two parallel straight lines 121 constituting the conductive layer 120 is formed in a mesh shape (or lattice shape) as shown in FIG. The mesh 122 has a lattice shape with the same vertical or horizontal width or different widths, and the opening portion is a right-sided quadrilateral, as well as a state where the opening portion is obliquely crossed at a certain angle, that is, the opening portion is a rhombus, or The case where the polygonal shape is about a 10-sided, that is, the opening is a 5 to 10-sided shape is also included. Among these, from the viewpoint of uniform surface heat generation characteristics, a conductive layer having a uniform line width and a right-sided quadrangular (particularly square) mesh shape is preferable.

In addition, it is necessary to determine the mesh having an opening degree on the assumption that both Tt and the surface heat generation characteristic are high. Tt at least as finally obtained transparent planar heating element is 60% or more, are preferably adjusted so that more preferably 65% or more becomes 70% or more.
II. Manufacturing method of transparent sheet heating element Next, the manufacturing method of the transparent sheet heating element of the present invention will be described with reference to first to fourth examples of the embodiment. Fig.2 (a) is a schematic sectional drawing of the apparatus which forms a transparent resin layer on a transparent base material for implementing the 1st example of embodiment. FIG. 2B to FIG. 2D are cross-sectional views of each process manufactured according to the first example of the embodiment.

  Drawing 3 is a sectional view of each process manufactured by the 2nd example of an embodiment.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of each process manufactured according to the third example of the embodiment.

  Drawing 5 is a sectional view of each process manufactured by the 4th example of an embodiment.

  2 to 5, 210 is a transparent substrate, 220 is a resin, 220A is a transparent resin layer, 230 conductive paste, 230A is a conductive layer, 250 is a roll intaglio, 251 is a recess, 253 is a coating device, 256 Is an ionizing radiation irradiation apparatus (ultraviolet irradiation apparatus) or heat treatment apparatus, 256A is ionizing radiation (ultraviolet light) or heat treatment, 254 and 254A are pressing rolls, 255 is a support roll, and 259 is a doctor. In addition, although 250 is illustrated by the roll intaglio, it may be a planographic intaglio.

  In the first example shown in FIG. 2, a transparent resin layer 220A is formed on one surface of a transparent substrate 210 made of a resin film, and then between the transparent resin layers 220A where the transparent substrate is exposed (recessed portion). A conductive paste is filled to form a conductive layer 230A.

  In the second example shown in FIG. 3, a transparent resin layer 220A is formed on the entire surface of a transparent substrate 210 made of a resin film, and then a conductive paste is filled in the concave portions on the transparent resin layer 220A. The conductive layer 230A is formed.

  In the third example shown in FIG. 4, a conductive layer 230A is formed on one surface of a transparent substrate 210 made of a resin film, and then between the conductive layers 230A (recesses) where the transparent substrate is exposed. Resin is filled to form the transparent resin layer 220A.

  In the fourth example shown in FIG. 5, a transparent resin layer 220A is formed on one surface of a transparent substrate 210 made of a resin film by a photolithography method, and then between the transparent resin layers 220A from which the transparent substrate is exposed. The conductive layer 230A is formed by filling the concave portion with a conductive paste.

The first example of an embodiment First, of the first example embodiment, a method of forming a transparent resin layer 220A on the surface of the transparent substrate 210 will be described with reference to FIG. 2 (a). A transparent substrate 210 made of a resin film is sandwiched between two support rolls 255 on the side where the resin 220 is transferred (transferred). Next, the transparent substrate 210 made of a resin film is sandwiched between the roll intaglio 250 and the press roll 254 with the side on which the transparent sheet-shaped heating element surface is formed facing the roll intaglio 250, and then the press roll 254A and the roll intaglio ( (Also referred to as cylinder intaglio) and is pulled out by 250. During this time, the transparent substrate 210 is pressed against the surface of the roll intaglio 250 by both the pressing roll 254 and the pressing roll 254A.

  In addition, the recessed part 251 of the roll intaglio 250 is comprised by the hollow of a some pattern (for example, quadrangle | tetragon, square) so that a transparent resin layer may be formed by filling this recessed part with transparent resin.

  The resin 220 is applied to the recess 251 of the roll intaglio 250 by the coating device 253 so as to fill the recess 251, and the resin 220 other than the recess 251 is removed by the doctor 259. Advance to 254 side.

  Between the pressing roll 254 and the pressing roll 254A, the ionizing radiation 256A such as ultraviolet rays is irradiated from the transparent substrate 210 side, or the resin 220 is cured by heating with a heat treatment apparatus. As the resin 220 is cured, the cured resin 220 is transferred (transferred) to the transparent substrate 210 side. Thereafter, the transparent base 210 is separated from the roll intaglio 250 through the pressing roll 254A, and the cured resin 220 is in close contact with the transparent base 210. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2B, the transparent resin layer 220A is formed on one surface of the transparent substrate 210 so that the transparent substrate 210 is partially exposed.

  Next, while the transparent resin layer 220A shown in FIG. 2B is formed, the conductive paste 230 is applied or injected to form a conductive layer (FIG. 2C). Next, after removing the excess conductive paste 230 on the transparent resin layer 230A with a rubber or resin squeegee, the conductive paste is heated (for example, 150 to 200 ° C.) to form the conductive layer 230A. Form. Thereby, the transparent resin layer 220A and the conductive layer 230A are formed on one surface of the transparent substrate 210 (FIG. 2D).

  The transparent sheet heating element of the present invention is manufactured by providing a pair of or more electrodes on the network-like conductive layer of FIG.

  In this way, it is possible to produce a transparent planar heating element in which a mesh-like conductive layer 230A and a transparent resin layer 220A are provided on one surface of a transparent substrate 210 so as to form substantially the same plane. The manufacturing process of FIG. 2 (b) using FIG. 2 (a) can be carried out easily and with good reproducibility, and is suitable for mass production of a transparent sheet heating element. In addition, the manufacturing process of FIG.2 (c) (d) can also be continuously performed in the state which made the transparent base material 210 the strip | belt shape as needed.

Second Example of Embodiment In FIG. 2A of the first example of the above embodiment, the resin 220 is applied to the roll intaglio 250 and the concave portion 251 by the coating device 253, and then the resin is scraped off by the doctor 259. Instead, the resin layer may be provided by adjusting the coating thickness. Adjustment of coating thickness should just prepare so that the thickness of resin may become uniform, and can employ | adopt a widely well-known method. After that, similarly to the first example of the embodiment, the transparent resin is cured and transferred to the base material, so that the entire surface of the transparent base material 210 is covered so as to have a concave portion corresponding to the conductive layer. A transparent resin layer 220A is formed (FIG. 3A).

  Next, the conductive paste 230 is applied or injected into the recesses on the transparent resin layer 220A shown in FIG. 3A to form a conductive layer (FIG. 3B). Next, after removing the excess conductive paste 230 on the transparent resin layer 230A with a rubber or resin squeegee, the conductive paste is heat-treated (for example, 150 to 200 ° C.) as necessary. Layer 230A is formed. As a result, a transparent resin layer 220A is formed on one surface of the transparent substrate 210, and a mesh-like conductive layer 230A is formed in a recess on the transparent resin layer 220A (FIG. 3C).

  The transparent sheet heating element of the present invention is manufactured by providing a pair of electrodes on the mesh-like conductive layer of FIG.

  In this way, at least one surface of the transparent substrate 210 is covered with the transparent resin layer, and the mesh-like conductive layer 230A is formed in the concave portion on the transparent resin layer 220A. The mesh-like conductive layer and the transparent resin are formed. It is possible to produce a transparent sheet heating element provided such that the layers form substantially the same plane. The manufacturing process of FIG. 3A using FIG. 2A described above can be carried out easily and with good reproducibility, and is suitable for mass production of a transparent sheet heating element. In addition, the manufacturing process of FIG.3 (b) (c) can also be performed continuously in the state which made the transparent base material 210 the strip | belt shape as needed.

  Furthermore, the transparent sheet heating element obtained in the second example of this embodiment has a higher adhesion, durability, and high resistance since the transparent substrate 210 surface is directly covered only with the transparent resin layer 220A. Peelability is demonstrated.

Third Example of Embodiment A third example of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In this example, as shown in FIG. 4A, first, after forming a conductive layer 230A on a transparent substrate 210, a transparent resin for forming the transparent resin layer 220 is used as a transparent substrate. It inject | pours into the surface at the side of 210 electroconductive layer 230A formation, performs a drying process, and forms the electroconductive layer 230A with the transparent resin layer 220A on the surface of the transparent base material 210 (FIG.4 (b)).

  As shown in FIG. 4A, first, as a method of forming the conductive layer 230A on the transparent substrate 210, the apparatus shown in FIG. The conductive paste 230 is filled, and the conductive layer 230A can be formed on one surface of the transparent substrate 210 in the same manner as in the first example. In the second example of the embodiment, the concave portion 251 of the roll intaglio 250 is a pattern (for example, a lattice shape or a mesh shape) so that the concave portion is filled with a conductive paste to form a conductive layer. Composed.

  Between the pressing roll 254 and the pressing roll 254A, heat treatment (for example, 150 to 200 ° C.) is performed with a heat treatment device from the transparent substrate 210 side to cure the conductive paste to form the conductive layer 230A. The conductive layer 230A obtained by curing the conductive paste 230 is transferred (transferred) to the transparent substrate 210 side. Thereafter, the transparent base 210 is separated from the roll intaglio 250 through the pressing roll 254A, and the conductive layer 230A is in close contact with the transparent base 210. Thereby, as shown to Fig.4 (a), 230 A of electroconductive layers are formed in one surface of the transparent base material 210. FIG.

The transparent resin layer 220 is formed by applying or injecting a transparent resin between the network-like conductive layer 230A where the surface of the obtained transparent substrate of FIG. 4A is exposed. In this case, as shown in FIG. 4B, the conductive layer 120 and the transparent resin layer 130 form an independent layer having substantially the same thickness on the base material, and form a substantially identical plane. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), the conductive layer 120 may be covered with a transparent resin layer. The resulting mesh shape of FIG. 4 (b) or FIG. 4 (c). By providing a pair of electrodes on the conductive layer, the transparent sheet heating element of the present invention is manufactured.

  In the case of the third example as well as the first example and the second example, the process of making the state of FIG. 4 (a) can be carried out easily and with good reproducibility, which is suitable for mass production of the transparent sheet heating element. .

Fourth Example of Embodiment A fourth example of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In this example, as shown in FIG. 5A, first, a liquid or dry film photosensitive resist is applied or pasted on a transparent substrate to form a transparent resin layer 220A on the transparent substrate. The film thickness of the formed transparent resin layer 220A can be adjusted to the desired film thickness of the transparent sheet heating element.

  Next, a recess corresponding to the shape of the conductive layer shown in FIG. 5B is formed in the transparent resin layer 220A made of the photosensitive resist shown in FIG.

  On the side where the transparent resin layer 220A shown in FIG. 5B is formed, a conductive paste is applied or injected between the transparent resin layers where the transparent substrate 210 is exposed to form a conductive layer (FIG. 5). 5 (c)). The step of removing excess conductive paste on the transparent resin layer and forming a network-like conductive layer on the surface of the transparent substrate can be carried out in the same manner as in the first example. Thereby, the transparent resin layer 220A and the conductive layer 230A are formed on one surface of the transparent substrate 210 so as to be substantially in the same plane (FIG. 5D).

  The transparent sheet heating element of the present invention is manufactured by providing a pair of electrodes on the mesh-like conductive layer of FIG.

In the case of the fourth example as well, as in the first to third examples, the process of making the state shown in FIG. 5B can be carried out easily and with good reproducibility, and is therefore suitable for mass production of transparent sheet heating elements. .
III. Characteristics of Transparent Planar Heating Element The transparent sheet heating element of the present invention is manufactured as described above. The transparent sheet heating element of the present invention has a high aperture ratio, for example, 75% or more, particularly about 80 to 95%. Therefore, high transparency is achieved. In this specification, the aperture ratio (%) is the line width (W) of the pattern when the mesh forming the conductive layer is a lattice-like or mesh-like pattern, and the pattern line interval (pitch) ( When (P), it means (P−W) ² / P ² × 100 (see FIG. 7).

  Further, the line width (W) of the grid or network pattern of the conductive layer is usually about 10 to 30 μm, preferably about 15 to 20 μm. A pattern having a line width of less than about 10 μm tends to be difficult to produce, and a pattern having a line width of more than 30 μm is not preferable because the pattern tends to be noticeable.

  In addition, the space | interval (pitch) (P) of the line | wire of a grid | lattice-like or mesh-like pattern can be suitably selected in the range with which said aperture ratio and line width are satisfy | filled. Usually, it may be in the range of about 200 to 400 μm.

  The thickness of the conductive layer (the height of the conductive layer in the vertical direction from the surface of the transparent substrate) is obtained by changing the depth of the concave portion of the plate (for example, roll plate) in the manufacturing method of FIG. Can be adjusted. For example, it is about 1 μm or more, particularly about 1 to 30 μm.

  Further, the thickness of the transparent resin layer (the height of the transparent resin layer in the vertical direction from the transparent substrate surface) can also be adjusted by changing the depth of the concave portion of the plate (for example, roll plate). For example, it is about 1 μm or more, particularly about 1 to 30 μm.

  In the case of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1D, 3C, and 4C, the thickness of the conductive layer is, for example, about 1 μm or more, particularly about 1 to 30 μm. Any configuration may be used.

  Since the conductive layer and the transparent resin layer formed on the transparent base material are substantially flat and have no irregularities, the adhesion is high when the adhesive layer or the like is bonded, and bubbles do not easily remain. Therefore, there is an advantage that a transparent sheet heating element having excellent transparency and a large viewing angle can be obtained.

  In addition, the transparent sheet heating element obtained in the second example of the embodiment is characterized in that the surface of the transparent substrate is covered only with the transparent resin layer, so that it has excellent adhesiveness, durability, and peel resistance. There is.

  The transparent sheet heating element of the present invention has a feature that resistance is small and resistance value is less uneven. This is presumably because the resistance is lowered because there is no disconnection of the thin wire of the conductive layer. The surface resistance value of the electromagnetic wave shielding material of the present invention is 5Ω / □ or less, preferably 3Ω / □ or less, more preferably 2Ω / □ or less. When the surface resistance value is too large, a high voltage is required when generating heat, which is not preferable.

Here, from the following equation, the surface resistance value (or volume resistance value) of the transparent sheet heating element can be designed by arbitrarily setting the line width and pitch of the conductive layer.
R = Rs × (P / W)
Rs = ρv / t
R: Surface resistance value of transparent sheet heating element (Ω / □)
Rs: Surface resistance value of conductive layer (Ω · cm)
ρv: Volume resistivity of the conductive layer t: Film thickness of the conductive layer P: Spacing (pitch) of the lattice-like or network-like conductive layer
W: Line width of grid-like or mesh-like conductive layer The total light transmittance (JIS K7105) of the transparent sheet heating element of the present invention can achieve a high value of about 72 to 91%. The haze value (JIS K7105) is as low as about 0.5 to 6%.

  In the transparent sheet heating element of the present invention, a protective film, a transparent insulating film, or the like may be laminated on a conductive layer and a transparent resin layer formed on a transparent substrate. As the protective film, commonly used known resins are used. These resins are laminated by a known method such as dry lamination or wet lamination.

  The transparent sheet heating element of the present invention may be further laminated with a functional film or the like. The functional film includes an antireflection film provided with an antireflection layer for preventing light reflection on the film surface, a colored film colored by coloring or additives, a near infrared shielding film that absorbs or reflects near infrared rays, and a fingerprint. An antifouling film that prevents the contaminants from adhering to the surface.

The transparent planar heating element of the present invention functions as a heating element by providing at least a pair of electrodes on the conductive layer and energizing these electrodes. The electrode used is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity, and examples thereof include a conductive resin, a conductive resin and metal foil, metal plating, and metal nanoparticles. From the viewpoint of contact resistance, a lower resistance value is preferred. These electrodes are all known ones and can be formed by a known method.

  The transparent sheet heating element thus obtained is used for the purpose of improving the switching characteristics, simplifying the drive circuit, etc. in a low temperature environment of the liquid crystal display, and particularly if it is used for such purposes. There is no limitation.

  For example, a liquid crystal display composed of polarizing plate (1) / liquid crystal element / polarizing plate (2) is fixed to polarizing plate (1) opposite to the display screen with an adhesive or the like to form a liquid crystal display. Can do. Moreover, it is good also as a liquid crystal display body laminated | stacked by polarizing plate (1) / liquid crystal element / transparent planar heating element / liquid crystal element / polarizing plate (2). The method of using the transparent sheet heating element is not particularly limited as long as the liquid crystal display can improve the switching characteristics, simplify the drive circuit, and the like in a low temperature environment.

  Or the transparent planar heating element of this invention can also be used as a polarizing plate protective film, retardation film, etc. Thereby, it is not necessary to provide a new transparent planar heating element layer on the liquid crystal display.

The polarizing plate protective film forms a liquid crystal display element with the front and back surfaces of the polarizing plate sandwiched therebetween, and the polarizing plate protective film comprising the transparent planar heating element of the present invention is provided on at least one of the front and back surfaces of the polarizing plate. Thus, a liquid crystal display element can be obtained (for example, FIG. 6A). In this case, it is preferable to select an optically isotropic transparent resin substrate.

In addition, the retardation film forms a liquid crystal display element with the front and back surfaces of the polarizing plate sandwiched therebetween, but the polarizing plate protective film made of the transparent sheet heating element of the present invention is applied to at least one of the front and back surfaces of the polarizing plate. A liquid crystal display element can also be provided (for example, FIG. 6B). In this case, it is preferable to select a transparent resin substrate having an appropriate retardation.

  The transparent sheet heating element of the present invention has high transparency and visibility, low electrical resistance value of the conductive layer, and high quality surface heating characteristics capable of uniform heat generation. Since the transparent sheet heating element of the present invention can form a uniform conductive layer, a low resistance value without variation is achieved. For this reason, the rise of heat generation is rapid and uniform surface heat generation characteristics are obtained. Moreover, high aperture ratio and transparency are ensured.

  In addition, according to the method for producing a transparent sheet heating element of the present invention, the transparent sheet heating element can be easily and inexpensively manufactured, and is excellent in mass productivity.

  Therefore, the transparent sheet heating element of the present invention is particularly useful as a heating element used for heating a liquid crystal display element.

  Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples together with comparative examples.

The total light transmittance, haze value, sheet resistance, line width, aperture ratio, and line thickness of the transparent sheet heating element of the present invention shown in Examples and Comparative Examples were measured by the following measuring methods.
1. Total light transmittance Measured with a turbidimeter NDH-20D type (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) according to JIS K7105.
2. Haze value According to JIS K7105, it measured with the turbidimeter NDH-20D type (made by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.).
3. Sheet resistance was measured using Loresta EP (Dia Instruments).
4). Line width Measured using an optical microscope.
5. Aperture ratio The aperture ratio was calculated by measuring the line width (P) and the line interval (W) of one grid pattern of a transparent sheet-shaped heating element using an optical microscope, and applying this to the following equation (Fig. 7).

Opening ratio (%) = (P−W) ² / P ² × 100
6). Layer thickness Measured using a surface roughness meter.

Example 1
The transparent sheet heating element of the present invention was produced using the first example of the embodiment shown in FIG. A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film KBG-01 (thickness: 175 μm) (made by Kimoto Co.) with a single-side hard coat is used as a transparent substrate, and an ultraviolet curable resin Unidic V4205 (Dainippon Ink Chemical Co., Ltd.) is used as the transparent resin layer. As a photopolymerization initiator, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (Irgacure 184 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.) is used, and as a conductive paste, conductive paste Doutite XA-9083 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) is used. ) Was used.

  After applying the conductive paste, the conductive paste together with the film was baked at 170 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a conductive layer depicting a lattice pattern, and a transparent sheet heating element was manufactured.

  The conductive layer of the obtained transparent planar heating element had a pattern line width of 22.4 μm, a pitch of 322 μm, and an aperture ratio of 87%.

Example 2
The transparent sheet heating element of the present invention was produced using the fourth example of the embodiment shown in FIG. A 125 μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate film A4100 (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) is used as a transparent substrate, and an ultraviolet curable acrylate hard coat agent UV clear “solid content concentration 50% by weight” (manufactured by Dainippon Paint Co., Ltd.) ) Was applied with a Meyer bar so that the film thickness after curing was 2 μm, dried at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes, and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays at an irradiation dose of 300 mJ / cm ² , and hard on the transparent substrate. A coat layer was formed.

Photosensitive resist PMER-N HC600Y (manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was coated on the surface opposite to the hard coat layer of the film with a gravure coater, dried at 90 ° C. for 2 minutes, and then a glass mask (line width 15 μm, pitch 200 μm). the grid pattern) through and exposed to ultraviolet rays irradiation dose 100 mJ / cm ^2, through development, water washing and drying, the film thickness on the transparent base material to form a transparent resin layer of 9 .mu.m.

  As the conductive paste, conductive paste Doutite XA-9083 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) was used.

  After applying the conductive paste, the conductive paste together with the film was baked at 55 ° C. for 15 minutes and then baked at 170 ° C. for 30 minutes. This was repeated twice to form a conductive layer having a lattice pattern, thereby producing a transparent sheet heating element.

  The grid pattern of the conductive layer of the obtained transparent sheet heating element had a line width of 18 μm, a pitch of 200 μm, and an aperture ratio of 83%.

Example 3
The transparent sheet heating element of the present invention was produced using the second example of the embodiment shown in FIG. A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film KBG-01 (thickness: 175 μm) (made by Kimoto Co.) with a single-side hard coat is used as a transparent substrate, and an ultraviolet curable resin Unidic V4205 (Dainippon Ink Chemical Co., Ltd.) is used as the transparent resin layer. As a photopolymerization initiator, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (Irgacure 184 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.) is used, and as a conductive paste, conductive paste Doutite XA-9083 (manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.) is used. ) Was used.

  After applying the conductive paste, the conductive paste together with the film was baked at 170 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a conductive layer depicting a lattice pattern, and a transparent sheet heating element was manufactured.

  The conductive layer of the obtained transparent planar heating element had a pattern line width of 19.2 μm, a pitch of 322 μm, and an aperture ratio of 88%.

  This transparent sheet heating element is excellent in adhesion between the substrate and the transparent resin layer, durability, peel resistance and the like.

Comparative Example 1
As a transparent base material, a polyethylene terephthalate film (trade name “A4100”, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 175 μm was used, and an ultraviolet curable acrylate hard coat agent (trade name, manufactured by Dainippon Paint Co., Ltd.) was used on the easily adhesive surface. “UV clear” solid content concentration of 50% by weight) was applied with a Meyer bar so that the film thickness after curing was 2 μm. After drying at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes, ultraviolet rays were irradiated at an irradiation amount of 300 mJ / cm ² to form a hard coat layer on the transparent substrate. A transparent sheet heating element was manufactured by depositing ITO on an approximately base material film by sputtering under conditions of a gas pressure of 5.0 × 10 ⁻² Pa, a sputtering power of 840 kW, and a sputtering time of 53 seconds.

Comparative Example 2
A transparent sheet heating element was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the sputtering time was 15 seconds.

  Table 1 shows the evaluation results such as total light transmittance, haze value, sheet resistance, etc. in the transparent sheet heating elements of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2.

表１の結果より、比較例１及び２の透明面状発熱体は、シート抵抗値が極めて高いため電流量が小さくなり発熱に時間がかかる。これに対し、実施例１及び２の透明面状発熱体では、シート抵抗値が小さいため電流量が多くなり速やかに発熱できる。従って、本発明の透明面状発熱体は、例えば、寒冷地における作動性に優れた液晶表示素子として好適に用いることができる。

From the results of Table 1, the transparent sheet heating elements of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 have a very high sheet resistance value, so the amount of current is small and it takes time to generate heat. On the other hand, in the transparent sheet heating elements of Examples 1 and 2, since the sheet resistance value is small, the amount of current increases and heat can be generated quickly. Therefore, the transparent sheet heating element of the present invention can be suitably used, for example, as a liquid crystal display element having excellent operability in cold regions.

Test example 1 (surface heat generation characteristics)
About the transparent planar heating element of the present invention obtained in Example 1 and the transparent planar heating element sputtered with ITO obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the surface heating characteristics (applied voltage-current characteristics between terminals and voltage-surface) Temperature characteristics) were evaluated.

  The test method was performed using the sample shown in FIG. Electrodes were prepared using a silver paste of nanoparticles on both ends of a transparent sheet heating element having an electrode width of 10 cm and a distance between electrodes of 10 cm. The electrode was taken out from each of the left and right parts of the transparent sheet heating element, and the sample was placed in the air. The measurement position was the center in the plane. The results are shown in FIG. 9 and FIG.

  9 and 10, it can be seen that the transparent sheet heating element of Example 1 has a small resistance value, so that the current between terminals is large even at a low voltage, and it can generate heat quickly. In contrast, the transparent sheet heating elements of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 have large resistance values, so the current amount is small and the heat generation is slow, and a larger voltage is required to obtain the same heat generation amount as in Example 1. It becomes necessary.

Test example 2 (in-plane temperature distribution)
The in-plane temperature distribution was evaluated for the transparent sheet heating element of the present invention obtained in Example 1 and the transparent sheet heating element sputtered with ITO obtained in Comparative Example 1.

  The measurement method used the sample used in Test Example 1, and set the electrodes and power supply as shown in FIG. The measurement conditions were that the heat generation temperature was measured at 16 positions on the surface of each heating element when a predetermined voltage was applied to each transparent sheet heating element and a current was passed for 3 minutes. A schematic diagram of each measurement point (A to D and positions 1) to 4) is shown in FIG. Tables 2 and 3 show the results of in-plane temperature distribution.

上記の結果より、実施例１の透明面状発熱体は、均一な面発熱特性を有することが分かった。これは、基材上に導電性層が均一に形成されていることに起因すると考えられる。また、温度分布のバラツキも少なく、実施例１と比較例１ではほとんど差異がなく良好であった。

From the above results, it was found that the transparent sheet heating element of Example 1 had uniform surface heating characteristics. This is considered due to the fact that the conductive layer is uniformly formed on the substrate. Moreover, there was little variation in temperature distribution, and Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were good with almost no difference.

It is the figure which showed the 1st example of embodiment in the transparent planar heating element of this invention. It is apparatus sectional drawing and process sectional drawing for demonstrating the process of the 1st example of embodiment in the manufacturing method of the transparent planar heating element of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the process of the 2nd example of embodiment in the manufacturing method of the transparent planar heating element of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the process of the 3rd example of embodiment in the manufacturing method of the transparent planar heating element of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the process of the 4th example of embodiment in the manufacturing method of the transparent planar heating element of this invention. It is a figure which shows the specific example as a liquid crystal display element of the transparent planar heating element of this invention. It is the figure which showed typically the measuring method of an aperture ratio. It is a figure which shows typically the measuring method of the surface exothermic characteristic of Test Example 1. It is a graph which shows the surface heat generation characteristic (applied voltage-current characteristic between terminals) of the transparent planar heating element of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It is a graph which shows the surface heating characteristic (voltage-surface temperature characteristic) of the transparent planar heating element of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It is a figure which shows typically the transparent planar heating element heat_generation | fever temperature measurement position (16 places) of the test example 1. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

110 Transparent substrate (base substrate)
120 conductive layer 121 straight line 122 mesh 123 transparent planar heating region 125 electrode 130 transparent resin layer 210 transparent base material 220 resin 220A transparent resin layer 230 conductive paste 230A conductive layer 250 roll intaglio 251 recess 253 coating device 254, 254A Press roll 255 Support roll 256 Ionizing radiation irradiation device (ultraviolet irradiation device) or heat treatment device 256A Ionizing radiation (ultraviolet light) or heat treatment 259 Doctor

Claims (10)

Production of a transparent sheet heating element in which a network-like conductive layer and a transparent resin layer are provided on at least one surface of a transparent substrate so as to form substantially the same plane, and the conductive layer is provided with a pair of electrodes. A method comprising the following steps (a) to ( f ):
(A) using a plate provided with a recess corresponding to the shape of the transparent resin layer, and filling a resin for forming a transparent resin layer in the recess of the plate;
(B) a step of forming a transparent resin layer by curing a resin that forms a filled transparent resin layer while contacting a transparent substrate and a plate;
(C) a step of transferring the transparent resin layer from the plate side to the transparent substrate by peeling the transparent substrate from the plate, and forming a transparent resin layer on the surface of the transparent substrate;
(D) a step of injecting a conductive paste between the transparent resin layers where the surface of the transparent substrate is exposed;
(E) removing excess conductive paste on the transparent resin layer and then heat-treating to form a network-like conductive layer on the surface of the transparent substrate; and (f) a pair of conductive layers. The process of providing the above electrodes. At least one surface of a transparent substrate is covered with a transparent resin layer, and a mesh-like conductive layer is formed in the recesses on the transparent resin layer, and the mesh-like conductive layer and the transparent resin layer form a substantially flat surface. A method for producing a transparent sheet heating element provided with a pair of electrodes on a conductive layer, the method comprising the following steps (a) to ( f ):
(A) using a plate provided with a recess corresponding to the shape of the transparent resin layer, and applying a resin for forming the transparent resin layer on the surface and the recess of the plate;
(B) a step of curing the resin forming the transparent resin layer to form the transparent resin layer while contacting the transparent substrate and the plate coated with the resin forming the transparent resin layer;
(C) a step of transferring the transparent resin layer from the plate side to the transparent substrate by peeling the transparent substrate from the plate, and forming a transparent resin layer on the surface of the transparent substrate;
(D) a step of injecting a conductive paste into the concave portion corresponding to the mesh-like conductive layer on the transparent resin layer;
(E) removing excess conductive paste on the transparent resin layer, and then heat-treating to form a network-like conductive layer in the recesses on the transparent resin layer; and (f) a pair of conductive layers. The process of providing the above electrodes. Production of a transparent sheet heating element in which a network-like conductive layer and a transparent resin layer are provided on at least one surface of a transparent substrate so as to form substantially the same plane, and the conductive layer is provided with a pair of electrodes. A manufacturing method comprising the following steps (a) to (e):
(A) using a plate provided with a recess corresponding to the shape of the network-like conductive layer, and filling the recess of the plate with a conductive paste;
(B) a step of curing the filled conductive paste while bringing the transparent substrate and the plate into contact with each other to form a network-like conductive layer;
(C) By peeling the transparent substrate from the plate, the network-like conductive layer is transferred from the plate side to the transparent substrate, and the mesh-like conductive layer is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate. Process,
(D) A step of injecting a resin for forming a transparent resin layer between the network-like conductive layers with the surface of the transparent substrate exposed, and (e) a step of providing a pair of electrodes on the conductive layer. Production of a transparent sheet heating element in which a network-like conductive layer and a transparent resin layer are provided on at least one surface of a transparent substrate so as to form substantially the same plane, and the conductive layer is provided with a pair of electrodes. A manufacturing method comprising the following steps (a) to (e):
(A) A step of applying or sticking a liquid or dry film photosensitive resist on a transparent substrate to form a transparent resin layer on the transparent substrate,
(B) a step of forming a recess corresponding to the shape of the mesh-like conductive layer in the transparent resin layer by a photolithography method;
(C) a step of injecting a conductive paste between the transparent resin layers where the surface of the transparent substrate is exposed,
(D) removing excess conductive paste on the transparent resin layer, and then heat-treating to form a mesh-like conductive layer on the surface of the transparent substrate; and (e) a pair of conductive layers. The process of providing the above electrodes. The transparent planar heating element manufactured by the manufacturing method in any one of Claims 1-4 . The liquid crystal display body laminated | stacked in order of a polarizing plate / liquid crystal element / polarizing plate / adhesion layer / transparent planar heating element / transparent insulating layer according to claim 5 . A polarizing plate protective film comprising the transparent sheet heating element according to claim 5 . The liquid crystal display element by which the polarizing plate protective film of Claim 7 is laminated | stacked on the at least single side | surface of a polarizing plate. A retardation film comprising the transparent sheet heating element according to claim 5 . The liquid crystal display element by which the retardation film of Claim 9 is laminated | stacked on the at least single side | surface of a polarizing plate.

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