JP4676790B2 - Drive control apparatus and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a drive control device that drives and controls a drive roller that rotates an endless moving member such as a transfer conveyance belt used in a transfer device and the like, and image formation such as a color printer and a color copier equipped with the drive control device. Relates to the device.

  As a general method of forming a color image in a color image forming apparatus, a direct transfer method in which toner images formed in different colors on a plurality of photosensitive members are transferred while being directly superimposed on a transfer sheet, and toners having the same color There is an intermediate transfer method in which an image is transferred while being superimposed on an intermediate transfer member, and then transferred onto a transfer sheet at once. These methods are commonly called a tandem method because a plurality of photosensitive members are arranged side by side facing a transfer paper or intermediate transfer member. For each photosensitive member, yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C ), An electrophotographic process such as formation and development of an electrostatic latent image is executed for each color of black (K), and on the transfer paper in the direct transfer method, the intermediate transfer in the intermediate transfer method Transfer on the body.

  In a tandem color image forming apparatus using each of these methods, an endless belt (endless belt) that runs while supporting transfer paper is used in the direct transfer method, and a photoconductor in the intermediate transfer method. It is common to employ an endless belt that receives and carries an image. Image forming units each including four photoconductors are arranged side by side along one running side of the endless belt.

  In the tandem color image forming apparatus, it is important to prevent the occurrence of color misregistration by accurately superimposing the toner images of the respective colors. Therefore, in any transfer system, an encoder is attached to one of the plurality of driven shafts constituting the transfer unit in order to avoid color misregistration due to the speed fluctuation of the transfer belt, and according to the rotational speed fluctuation of the encoder. Thus, feedback control of the rotational speed of the drive roller is an effective means.

  The most common method for realizing such feedback control is proportional control (PI control). First, the position deviation e (n) is calculated from the difference between the target angular displacement Ref (n) of the encoder and the detected angular displacement P (n−1) of the encoder. Then, a low-pass filter is applied to the position deviation e (n) of the calculation result to remove high frequency noise, a control gain is applied, and a certain standard drive pulse frequency is added. By controlling the drive motor that drives the drive roller based on the obtained drive pulse frequency, the encoder output can be controlled to always be driven at the target angular displacement.

As actual control, a counter that counts the rising edge of the output of the encoder pulse and a counter that counts every control cycle (for example, 1 ms) are used, and the calculation result of the target angular displacement that moves during the control cycle (1 ms) The position deviation can be acquired from the difference from the detected angular displacement obtained by acquiring the encoder count value for each control cycle.
A specific calculation is as follows when the roller diameter of the driven shaft to which the encoder is attached is φ15.615.

e (n) = θ0 × q−θ1 × ne [rad]
The meaning of each symbol in this formula is as follows.
e (n) [rad]: Position deviation calculated in the current sampling θ0 [rad]: Movement angle per control cycle (= 2π × V × 10 ⁻³ /15.615π [rad])
θ1 [rad]: Movement angle per pulse of encoder (= 2π / p [rad], where p is the slit pitch of the encoder)
q: Count value of control cycle timer ne: Encoder count value V: Belt linear velocity [mm / s]

Here, for example, assuming that the control resolution is 300 ms and the encoder resolution is 300 pulses per revolution, and the feedback control is performed so that the transfer belt operates at 162 mm / s, the following is assumed.
θ0 = 2π × 162 × 10 ⁻³ /15.615π=0.0207487 [rad]
θ1 = 2π × p = 2π / 300 = 0.0209439 [rad]
A position deviation is acquired by performing the above calculation for every control period, and feedback control is performed.

  A general encoder configuration is configured such that a disk having a radial slit that transmits light with a resolution of several hundred units in the circumferential direction is press-fitted into a driven roller shaft and rotated simultaneously with the driven roller. By detecting the slit with a sensor, a pulse signal (pulsed ON / OFF signal) corresponding to the rotation amount of the driven roller can be obtained. The rotational speed of the driving roller is controlled by detecting the moving angle of the driven roller using this pulse signal.

  However, due to the influence of the concentricity processing accuracy of the disk of the encoder, when the disk is mounted on the driven roller, it may be mounted in a state shifted from each other. When rotating in this state, the driven roller is rotated at a constant speed, but the disk is rotated in an eccentric state. When this is read by a sensor (light receiver), one rotation component of the disk is output to the sensor output, that is, a pulse signal. Further, since one rotation component is amplified by feedback control to rotate the driving roller, the transfer belt speed fluctuates every time the disk rotates, and color misregistration occurs.

  Originally, in feedback control, we would like to improve the response to load fluctuations by increasing the control gain. However, if the control gain is increased, one rotation component of the disk increases, resulting in increased color misregistration. Had to perform feedback control with a low control gain. For this reason, the removal of other variable components that are originally desired to be controlled has not been sufficiently performed.

  As a method for controlling the speed fluctuation of the transfer belt caused by the eccentricity of the disk attached to the driven roller described above, for example, there is one described in Patent Document 1. This is because the driving roller is rotated at a constant speed, the angular velocity information obtained from the encoder output is acquired for at least one driving roller cycle, and the first half portion and the latter half portion are added by dividing the driving roller by one-half cycle. The offset speed fluctuation component caused by the drive roller is canceled out, and only the speed fluctuation caused by the driven roller is extracted. Further, at the time of image formation, the speed running of the belt is made constant by taking the difference between the angular velocity information detected from the driven roller and the speed fluctuation.

On the other hand, an encoder as shown below can be attached to one of the plurality of driven shafts constituting the transfer unit of the color image forming apparatus.
For example, the invention described in Patent Document 2 configures a small absolute type (measures absolute angle or absolute position) encoder, which is small and highly accurate increment type (measures minute increments of angle or position). The purpose is to realize a small, high-precision absolute encoder in combination with an encoder.

  This absolute encoder has a scale in which the reflectance or transmittance of light changes as a continuous function of position, a light irradiator that irradiates the scale with coherent light, and reflected or transmitted light of the coherent light from the scale. A light-transmitting thin film having a scale formed on a light-reflective substrate and having a thickness or refractive index varying as a continuous function of position. The ratio at which the light output from the light irradiator is reflected by the scale or the ratio at which the light is transmitted through the scale is changed by changing the light reflectance of the scale or the light transmittance.

  Since the change in light reflectance or the change in light transmittance is a smooth continuous function of the absolute angle or absolute position of the scale, the area of the part irradiated with light emitted from the light irradiator is It is not necessary to increase the size as in the prior art. Rather, the smaller the area, the more accurate the measurement of absolute angle or absolute position, and it is possible to avoid the strict requirements for the rotational axis position accuracy and pattern edge accuracy.

The absolute encoder of the invention described in Patent Document 2 includes a diffraction grating pattern different from the scale described above or a high reflectance-low reflectance or a high transmittance-low transmittance repeating pattern as a constituent element. A scale, a second light irradiator that irradiates the second scale with coherent light, and a second photodetector that detects diffracted or reflected light or transmitted light of the coherent light from the second scale. It is also a feature.
JP 2000-47547 A JP 2002-206952 A

  The control method described in Patent Document 1 measures the encoder pulse interval with a constant clock, and subtracts the encoder speed fluctuation when the drive roller is rotated at a constant speed from the encoder speed when feedback control is performed. The speed control is performed to cancel the speed fluctuation caused by the disk eccentricity and to keep the speed of the encoder constant. To achieve this control, at least a clock rate that can sufficiently sample the influence of the eccentric component of the disk from the pulse interval of the encoder, high-speed hardware that can process it, and measurements such as high-resolution counters and timers Means are required, resulting in an expensive system, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.

  Further, as described above, the position deviation e (n) is calculated from the difference between the target angular displacement Ref (ni) of the encoder and the detected angular displacement P (n−1) of the encoder, and the drive pulse of the drive motor is calculated from the calculation result. In the case of position control for controlling the frequency, the method described in Patent Document 1 cannot be applied in the first place.

  On the other hand, in the conventional absolute type encoder, the ratio of the light emitted from the light irradiator being reflected by the scale or the ratio of the light passing through the scale, the light reflective pattern at the site where the light is irradiated to the scale. However, in the absolute encoder of the invention described in Patent Document 2, the above ratio is changed in the light reflectance or light transmittance of the scale. It depends on. However, this change in light reflectance or light transmittance needs to be changed as a smooth continuous function of the absolute angle or absolute position of the scale.

  The absolute type encoder in the invention described in Patent Document 2 measures the rotation angle (absolute angle) or distance (absolute position) of the member to which the encoder is attached, whereas the encoder itself is a disk. If there is eccentricity, an error is included in measuring the rotation angle (absolute angle) or distance (absolute position) of the member to which the encoder is attached.

The present invention has been made to solve such problems, the endless moving member by the driving roller or the driven roller rotates the endless moving member of transcription conveyor belt or the like that put the image forming apparatus or the like In a drive control device that drives and controls a drive roller based on an output signal of an encoder that detects the rotation angle of any of the driven rollers that are driven to rotate, the speed fluctuation caused by the disk eccentricity of the encoder is stabilized. The purpose is to ensure that it can be performed with a simple configuration.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following drive control device and an image forming apparatus including the same.
Drive control unit according to the first aspect of the present invention, the driving roller rotates the endless moving member or, you detect the rotation angle of one of the roller of the driven roller is driven to rotate by the rotation of the endless moving member by the drive roller and encoder, and the detected storage means for holding the angular displacement error as the characteristic value, preset control target value of the angular displacement per unit time of the encoder and the characteristic value during the encoder is rotated 1 the by adding a control means for controlling the driving of the drive roller has the encoder, a rotating disk having a plurality of slits or marks are formed, and a sensor for detecting the respective slits or marks, the of the slits or marks, low is different properties the two slits or marks with other slits or marks on the position of 180 degrees from each other A re-encoder, the control means by the sensor from the drive roller is started rotation upon detecting any one of said two slits or marks, and the signal as a reference for one rotation of said rotary encoder, After the start of the drive control, detection of a slit or mark that is not detected out of the two slits or marks is ignored .

A drive control apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention is the drive control apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the rotary disk of the rotary encoder is formed with a plurality of slits, the sensor of the rotary encoder is set to the plurality of slits. The width of the slit having the different characteristics in the circumferential direction is set to be different from that of the other slits.
A drive control device according to a third aspect of the present invention is the drive control device according to the second aspect, wherein the width of the slit having the different characteristics in the circumferential direction is wider than the other slits, and the width of the other slit is 2 The width is narrower than twice.
A drive control device according to a fourth aspect of the invention is the drive control device of the second aspect, wherein the circumferential width of the slit having the different characteristics is narrower than that of the other slits.

A drive control device according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the drive control device according to the first aspect , wherein the rotary disk of the rotary encoder is formed with a plurality of marks, and the sensor of the rotary encoder is connected to the plurality of marks. A sensor for detecting reflected light is used, and two marks at a position of 180 degrees among the plurality of marks have different reflectances from other marks .

An image forming apparatus according to a sixth aspect of the invention includes the drive control device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, and an endless moving member for image formation that is driven and controlled by the drive control device.
An image forming apparatus according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the image forming apparatus according to the sixth aspect , wherein the endless moving member is any one of a photosensitive belt, a transfer belt, an intermediate transfer belt, and an image recording medium conveying belt. That's it.

According to the driving control device of the present invention, an encoder for detecting the rotation angle of one of the rollers of the driven roller is driven to rotate by the rotation of the endless moving member by the driving roller or the driven roller rotates the endless moving member ( a rotating disk slits or marks multiple is formed, and a sensor for detecting the respective slits or marks, of the upper Symbol slits or marks, two slits or marks on the position of 180 degrees from each other held in the storage means the angular displacement error detected while the rotary encoder) makes one rotation is a characteristic different from the other slits or marks as property values, preset angular displacement per unit time of the encoder by adding the control target value and the characteristic value to drive and control the driving roller (the from this time the drive roller is started rotating When one of the two slits or marks is detected by the sensor, the signal is used as a reference for one rotation of the rotary encoder, and after the start of the drive control, the slit that is not detected among the two slits or marks. Alternatively, detection of the mark is ignored) , and stabilization of the speed fluctuation of the endless moving member caused by the disk eccentricity of the encoder can be reliably performed with a simple configuration. According to the image forming apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to perform appropriate processing according to the image quality at a low cost by including the drive control device.

Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
First, before describing embodiments of the present invention, reference examples of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an entire laser printer showing an example of an image forming apparatus provided with a drive control device as a reference example of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a schematic configuration of the belt driving device 6 shown in FIG.

This image forming apparatus is a color laser printer (hereinafter referred to as “laser printer”) that forms a color image by an electrophotographic method of a direct transfer method, and FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the entire laser printer.
As shown in FIG. 2, the laser printer includes four sets of toner image forming units 1 (1Y) for forming images of each color of Y (yellow), M (magenta), C (cyan), and K (black). , 1M, 1C, 1K) are arranged in order from the upstream side (lower right side in the figure) in the direction in which the transfer paper P moves as the transfer conveyance belt 60 travels along the arrow A in the figure.

Each toner image forming unit 1 includes a photosensitive drum 11 (11Y, 11M, 11C, 11K) as an image carrier and a developing unit 12. The arrangement of the toner image forming units 1 is set so that the rotation axes of the photosensitive drums 11 are parallel to each other and arranged at a predetermined pitch in the transfer paper moving direction.
In addition to the toner image forming unit 1, this laser printer carries an optical writing unit 2, paper feed cassettes 3 and 4, a registration roller pair 5, and a transfer paper (image recording medium) P to form each toner image. Belt driving device 6 equipped with a transfer conveyance belt (which combines the functions of a transfer belt and an image recording medium conveyance belt) 60 as an endless moving member that conveys the paper so as to pass through the transfer position of the belt, belt fixing type fixing A unit 7 and a paper discharge tray 8 are provided. The belt drive device 6 is a combination of a control system (drive control device) described later, and also functions as a transfer unit.

The laser printer further includes a manual feed tray 14 and a toner replenishing container 22, and a waste toner bottle, a duplex / reversing unit, a power supply unit, and the like (not shown) are also provided in a space S indicated by a two-dot chain line.
The optical writing unit 2 includes a light source, a polygon mirror, an f-θ lens, a reflection mirror, and the like, and irradiates the surface (outer peripheral surface) of each photosensitive drum 11 while scanning with laser light based on image data. .

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a schematic configuration of the belt driving device 6 described above.
The transfer conveying belt 60 used in the belt driving device 6 is a high-resistance endless single-layer endless belt (endless belt member) having a volume resistivity of 10 ⁹ to 10 ¹¹ Ωcm, and the material thereof is, for example, PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride). The transfer conveyance belt 60 is stretched around support rollers 61 to 66 so as to pass through the transfer positions that are in contact with and face the photosensitive drum 11 of the toner image forming units 1.

  An electrostatic attraction roller 80 is provided so as to face the entrance roller 61 located upstream of the support rollers 61 to 66 in the transfer paper moving direction on the outer peripheral surface side of the transfer conveyance belt 60. Yes. A predetermined voltage is applied to the electrostatic attraction roller 80 by the power supply 18, and the transfer paper P that has passed between the two rollers 61 and 80 is charged and electrostatically adsorbed onto the transfer conveyance belt 60. A roller 63 is a driving roller that frictionally drives the transfer conveyance belt 60, and is rotated in the direction of arrow D by a driving motor (described later).

  The transfer bias applying member 27 (27Y, 27M, 27C, 27K) as transfer electric field forming means for forming a transfer electric field is brought into contact with the back surface of the transfer conveyance belt 60 at each transfer position facing each photoconductor drum 11. Is provided. These transfer bias applying members 27 are bias rollers provided with a sponge or the like on the outer periphery, and a transfer bias voltage is applied to the roller core from each transfer bias power source 9 (9Y, 9M, 9C, 9K). By the action of the applied transfer bias voltage, a transfer charge is applied to the transfer conveyance belt 60, and a transfer electric field having a predetermined intensity is generated between the surface of the transfer conveyance belt 60 and the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 at each transfer position. It is formed. In addition, a backup roller 68 is provided in order to keep the contact between the transfer sheet and the photosensitive drum 11 in an area where the transfer is performed, and to obtain the best transfer nip.

  Each transfer bias applying member 27 and the backup roller 68 disposed in the vicinity thereof are respectively integrally held by a swing bracket 93 so as to be rotatable, and can be rotated around a rotation shaft 94. This rotation is clockwise when the cam 96 fixed to the cam shaft 97 is rotated in the direction of arrow E.

  The entrance roller 61 and the electrostatic attraction roller 80 described above are integrally supported by the entrance roller bracket 90, and can be rotated clockwise from the state of FIG. A pin 92 projecting from the entrance roller bracket 90 is fitted into a hole 95 provided in the swing bracket 93, and the entrance roller bracket 90 also rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the swing bracket 93. . By rotating the brackets 90 and 93 in the clockwise direction, the respective transfer bias applying members 27 and the backup rollers 68 disposed in the vicinity thereof are separated from the photosensitive drum 11, and the entrance roller 61 and the electrostatic adsorption roller 80. Also move downwards. This makes it possible to avoid contact between the photosensitive drums 11Y, 11M, and 11C and the transfer conveyance belt 60 when an image is formed using only black toner.

  On the other hand, the transfer bias applying member 27K and the backup roller 68 adjacent to the transfer bias applying member 27K are rotatably supported by the outlet bracket 98, and are rotatable about a shaft 99 coaxial with the outlet roller 62. When the belt driving device 6 is attached to or detached from the laser printer main body, the exit bracket 98 is rotated clockwise by the operation of a handle (not shown), and the transfer conveying belt 60 is moved together with the transfer bias applying member 27K and the backup roller 68. It can be separated from the photosensitive drum 11K for black image formation.

As shown in FIG. 2, a cleaning device 85 including a brush roller and a cleaning blade is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the portion of the transfer conveyance belt 60 wound around the driving roller 63. The cleaning device 85 removes foreign matters such as residual toner adhering to the transfer / conveying belt 60.
A roller 64 is provided so as to push the outer peripheral surface of the transfer conveyance belt 60 immediately downstream of the drive roller 63 in the traveling direction of the transfer conveyance belt 60, and a large winding angle of the transfer conveyance belt 60 with respect to the drive roller 63 is ensured. Yes. A tension roller 65 that is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the transfer conveyance belt 60 and is pressed outward by the biasing force of a spring 69 that is a pressing member to apply tension to the transfer conveyance belt 60 is provided immediately downstream of the roller 64. It is arranged.

Next, an image forming operation by this laser printer will be described.
At the time of image formation by this laser printer, the transfer paper P is fed from one of the paper feed cassettes 3 and 4 and the manual feed tray 14 shown in FIG. 2, and is guided along a dashed line while being guided by a conveyance guide (not shown). And is conveyed to a temporary stop position where the registration roller pair 5 is provided.

  On the other hand, at the time of color image formation, the photosensitive drums 11 (11Y, 11M, 11C, 11K) of the four sets of toner image forming units 1 (1Y, 1M, 1C, 1K) are rotated clockwise in FIG. After the surface is uniformly charged by a charging member (not shown), the optical writing unit 2 irradiates and scans the surface with laser light modulated by data of each color of the image to be formed, A latent image is written. Thereafter, the toner is developed with toner of each color by the developing unit, and a toner image of each color is formed on the surface of each photoconductive drum 11.

The transfer paper P sandwiched between the registration roller pair 5 and temporarily stopped as described above is sent out at a predetermined timing by the registration roller pair 5 and is carried on the transfer conveyance belt 60 toward each toner image forming unit 1. It is sequentially conveyed and passes through each transfer nip. The toner images of the respective colors formed on the photosensitive drums 11 of the respective toner image forming units 1 are formed at sequentially shifted image forming timings so as to be superimposed on the transfer paper P at the respective transfer nips. When the transfer paper P passes through each transfer nip, it is transferred onto the transfer paper P under the action of the transfer electric field and nip pressure. A full color toner image is formed on the transfer paper P by this superposition transfer.
The surface of each photosensitive drum 11 after the toner image transfer is cleaned by a cleaning device 13 and is further discharged to prepare for the formation of the next electrostatic latent image.

  On the other hand, the transfer paper P on which the full-color toner image is formed is fixed in the first paper discharge direction B or the second in accordance with the rotation posture of the switching guide 21 after the full-color toner image is fixed by the fixing unit 7. In the paper discharge direction C. When the paper is discharged from the first paper discharge direction B onto the paper discharge tray 8, it is stacked in a so-called face-down state with the image surface down. On the other hand, when the paper is discharged in the second paper discharge direction C, it is conveyed toward another post-processing device (not shown) (such as a sorter or a binding device) or printed on both sides via a switchback unit. It is again conveyed to the registration roller pair 5.

As described above, this laser printer forms a full-color image on the transfer paper P.
In such a tandem laser printer, it is important to prevent the occurrence of color misregistration by superimposing the toner images of the respective colors with high positional accuracy. However, the drive roller 63, the entrance roller 61, the exit roller 62, and the transfer / conveying belt 60 used in the belt drive device 6 are subject to a manufacturing error of several tens of μm when parts are manufactured. Due to this error, a fluctuation component generated when each part makes one rotation is transmitted to the transfer conveyance belt 60, and the transfer paper conveyance speed fluctuates.

Due to the change in the transfer paper conveyance speed (the rotation speed of the transfer conveyance belt 60), when the toner image on each photoconductive drum 11 is transferred to the transfer paper P, a subtle shift occurs in the timing. Color misregistration occurs in the direction (transfer paper transport direction). In particular, in an apparatus that forms an image with minute dots such as 1200 × 1200 DPI, a timing shift of several μm is conspicuous as a color shift.
Therefore, in the belt drive device 6 (including the drive control device) in this laser printer, the detection signal (output pulse signal) of the encoder provided on the shaft of the driven roller (referred to as “lower right roller”) 66 at the lower right in FIG. ), The rotational speed of the lower right roller 66 is detected, and the rotation of the driving roller 63 is feedback-controlled, so that the transfer conveyance belt 60 runs at a constant speed.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating the entire configuration of the belt driving device 6 through the transfer conveyance belt 60.
The drive roller 63 is connected to the drive motor 32 via the timing belt 33 and is driven to rotate in proportion to the rotational speed of the drive motor 32. The transfer conveyance belt 60 is frictionally rotated by the rotation of the driving roller 63, and the lower right roller 66 is frictionally rotated by the rotation of the transfer conveyance belt 60. As described above, here, the encoder 31 is provided on the shaft of the lower right roller 66 (target roller), and based on the rotational speed of the lower right roller 66 detected from the detection signal of the encoder 31, Speed control is performed. As described above, this is performed in order to suppress color misregistration due to positional variation (rotational variation) of the transfer conveyance belt 60.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of the lower right roller 66 and the encoder 31 of FIG.
6A and 6B are diagrams showing a configuration example of the disk 311 and the sensor in the encoder 31. FIG. 6A is a front view of only the disk 311 and FIG. 6B is a side view of the disk 311 and the sensor.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a state in which the disk 311 is eccentric.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating different examples of sampling results when the drive motor 32 of FIG. 4 is driven at a constant speed and the count value of the output pulse of the encoder 31 is sampled at a constant timing.

The encoder 31 is a rotary encoder, and includes a disk (rotating disk) 311, a light emitting element 312, a light receiving element 313, and press-fit bushings 314 and 315, for example, as shown in FIG.
The disk 311 is a rotating disk, and is fixed by press-fitting press-fitting bushes 314 and 315 to the shaft of the lower right roller 66, and rotates simultaneously with the rotation of the lower right roller 66.
The disk 311 is formed with radial slits that transmit light with a resolution of several hundred units in the circumferential direction, and a light emitting element 312 and a light receiving element 313 constituting an encoder sensor are arranged on both sides thereof. The light receiving element 313 generates a number of pulse signals (pulsed ON / OFF signals) corresponding to the rotation angle of the lower right roller 66. The drive amount of the drive motor 32 is controlled by detecting the movement angle (hereinafter referred to as “angular displacement”) of the lower right roller 66 using the pulse signal.

  Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the encoder 31 is formed with a slit-shaped reference mark (disc mark) 321 for determining one rotation (one rotation) of the disk rotation on the inner periphery of the disk 311. The light emitting element 322 and the light receiving element 323 constituting the mark sensor are arranged on both sides of the portion of the reference mark 321. By using the mark sensor, it is possible to detect the reference mark 321 every time the disk 311 rotates once, and to determine one rotation of the disk 311, that is, the reference position of the disk 311.

  By the way, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, an error of several μm occurs in the machining of the coaxial hole when the disk 311 is press-fitted into the lower right roller 66, and it is practically impossible to make it zero. is there. Therefore, when the disk 311 is attached to the lower right roller 66, the disk 311 may be attached so as to be displaced from each other. When the disk 311 is rotated in this state, the disk 311 is rotated at a constant speed even though the lower right roller 66 is rotating at a constant speed. 311 is rotated in an eccentric state. When this is read by the encoder sensor (light receiving element 313), angular displacement fluctuations occur every one cycle of the disk 311.

  In FIG. 8, (a) shows the sampling result when there is no eccentricity of the disk 311 and (b) shows the sampling result when there is eccentricity. Usually, when there is no eccentricity of the disk 311, a sampling result that rises to the right is obtained, but when there is eccentricity, a sine wave sampling result is obtained. Since the sampling result indicates the detected angular displacement of the encoder 31, the fact that the sampling result is a sine wave indicates that the detected position error is large accordingly. When the machining accuracy error of the coaxial hole of the disk 311 is large, the amplitude of the sine wave is detected to be larger.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of a control unit including the drive motor control unit (drive control device) of the belt drive device 6 described above in the laser printer.
The drive motor control unit of the belt driving device 6 includes an output pulse signal of the encoder sensor 331 (which includes the light emitting element 312 and the light receiving element 313 of the encoder 31) and a mark sensor 332 (the light emitting element 322 and the light receiving element 323 of the encoder 31). The drive pulse of the drive motor 32 is digitally controlled based on the output pulse signal.

The control unit 600 including the drive motor control unit includes a CPU 601, a RAM 602, a ROM 603, an IO control unit 604, a drive motor IF 606, a driver 607, a detection IO unit 608, and a bus 609.
The CPU 601 controls the entire laser printer based on the program in the ROM 603, including receiving image data from an external device 38 such as a personal computer and control of transmission / reception of control commands to / from the external device 38. Central processing unit.

The CPU 601 operates in accordance with a program in the ROM 603, and can function as an angular displacement error detection unit and a control unit by using the encoder sensor 331, the mark sensor 332, and the like.
A RAM 602, a ROM 603, an IO control unit 604, a drive motor IF 606, and a detection IO unit 608 are connected to the CPU 601 via a bus 609.
A RAM 602 is a readable / writable memory (storage means) used as a work memory used when the CPU 601 performs control (processing) or an image memory when developing image data.

The ROM 603 is a read-only memory that stores fixed data such as programs executed by the CPU 601 (for the CPU 601 to operate).
The IO control unit 604 controls input / output of signals to / from each load 39 such as a motor, a clutch, a solenoid, and a sensor in accordance with an instruction from the CPU 601.
The drive motor IF 606 outputs a drive pulse signal to the drive motor 32 (drive roller 63) for rotating the transfer conveyance belt 60 via the driver 607 in response to a drive command from the CPU 601, thereby rotating the drive motor 32. Control the drive. Since this rotation driving is performed according to the frequency of the drive pulse signal, the rotation speed of the transfer conveyance belt 60 can be variably controlled.

The output pulse signal of the encoder sensor 331 is input to the detection IO unit 608.
The detection IO unit 608 processes the output pulse of the encoder sensor 331 and converts it into a digital value. The detection IO unit 608 includes a plurality of counters (described later) including a counter that counts (counts) the output pulses of the encoder 31. Then, the digital value corresponding to the angular displacement of the shaft of the lower right roller 66 (FIG. 5) is obtained by multiplying the counter value (the number of output pulses of the encoder 31) by a conversion constant of the predetermined number of pulses and the angular displacement. Convert. A digital value signal corresponding to the angular displacement of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is sent to the CPU 601 via the bus 609.

Here, the drive motor IF 606, the driver 607, and the RAM 602 will be described in a little more detail.
When the drive motor IF 606 receives a drive command (including a drive frequency instruction) from the CPU 601 via the bus 609, the drive motor IF 606 generates a pulse-like control signal having a drive frequency instructed based on the drive command. Output to the driver 607.

  The driver 607 is configured by a power semiconductor element (for example, a transistor) or the like. The driver 607 operates based on a pulsed control signal input from the drive motor IF 606, and outputs a drive pulse signal to the drive motor 32 (applies a pulsed drive voltage). As a result, the drive motor 32 is driven and controlled at a speed proportional to the drive frequency instructed by the drive command of the CPU 601. As a result, the additional value is controlled so that the angular displacement of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 becomes the target angular displacement, and the lower right roller 66 rotates at a constant angular velocity at a predetermined angular velocity. The angular displacement of the disk 311 is detected by the encoder sensor 331 and the detection IO unit 608 and is taken in by the CPU 601 and the control is repeated.

  The RAM 602 drives the drive motor 32 at a constant speed without executing an image forming process in advance, in addition to functions used as a work memory and an image memory when the CPU 601 controls (executes a program in the ROM 603). Detected angular displacement error data for one rotation (one turn) of the disk from the time of mark detection by the mark sensor 332 corresponding to the disk eccentricity of the encoder 31 measured at the time of measurement) (data sampled at regular intervals) Has a function as a data memory.

  Note that since the RAM 602 is a volatile memory, a disk phase / amplitude parameter (disk eccentricity) such as that shown in FIG. 10 is stored in a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM (not shown) from the detected angular displacement error data. The first characteristic value from which the slope component is removed is calculated and stored, and data for one rotation of the disk is obtained by using a SIN function or an approximate expression when the power is turned on or the drive motor 32 is started. Can be expanded on the RAM 602. FIG. 10 also shows a detection pulse of a reference mark (disk mark) 321 (see FIG. 6) detected by the mark sensor 332 every rotation of the disk 311.

  By the way, in the proportional control calculation generally used for the feedback control of the drive motor, as described above, the control gain is applied to the difference between the target angular displacement and the detected angular displacement for each control cycle to control the drive speed of the drive motor. If the detected angular displacement error due to the disk eccentricity of the encoder is large, it will be further amplified and drive the drive motor. As a result, the position of the transfer / conveying belt 60 (change in rotational speed) occurs every rotation (one cycle) of the disk, and color misregistration occurs.

As described above, FIG. 8B shows the behavior when the drive motor 32 is driven at a constant speed. In other words, this is a result of sampling the count value of the number of pulses of the encoder 31 at a constant timing. However, in the case shown in FIG. 8B, the lower right roller 66 rotates at a constant speed.
Therefore, in this laser printer, as shown in FIG. 8B, the target angular displacement for each control cycle (actually, the control target value is such that the angular displacement per unit time of the encoder 31 is constant). The detected angular displacement error is added to the target angular displacement), and the angular displacement of the encoder 31 corresponding to the target angular displacement is detected by the encoder sensor 331, and is not affected by the disk eccentricity (the eccentricity of the disk 311). The rotation speed of the transfer conveyance belt 60 is made constant by controlling the drive motor 32 by performing a proportional control calculation.

FIG. 11 is a schematic functional block diagram showing a configuration for explaining a function of an example of a drive control apparatus which is a reference example of the present invention. This reference example shows an example in which the above function is applied to the control of the belt driving device 6 described above.
In FIG. 11, the controller section 40 includes a subtracting circuit 41, a low-pass filter 42 for removing high frequency noise, a proportional calculation section (gain Kp) 43, a steady drive pulse frequency setting section 44, and an adding circuit. 45. The controller 40, the target angular displacement generator 30, and the pulse output unit 37 are realized by the CPU 601 in FIG. 9 executing the program in the ROM 603 and using the drive motor IF 606, the driver 607, and the detection IO unit 608. can do.

  The target angular displacement generation unit 30 uses the detected angular displacement error caused by the disk eccentricity of the encoder 31 (measured when the drive motor 32 is driven at a constant speed without executing the image forming process) as a characteristic value in the memory 301 ( (It corresponds to a nonvolatile memory (not shown) or a data memory in the RAM 602 of FIG. 9)). Then, during the image forming process, the mark sensor 332 detects the reference mark 321 (reference position) of the disk 311, and the characteristic values are sequentially stored from the memory 301 in accordance with the timing at which the mark detection signal output from the mark sensor 332 is input. read out. That is, the characteristic value is read by sequentially switching the reference address of the memory from the detection timing of the reference position of the disk 311 by the mark sensor 332. Thereafter, the read characteristic value is added to the target angular displacement which is the control target value to obtain a new target angular displacement Ref (n), which is input to the control controller unit 40.

Here, the addition of the characteristic value (detection angular displacement error) and the target angular displacement is performed by detecting the reference mark 321 every rotation of the disk 311 by the mark sensor 332 and inputting the mark detection signal output from the mark sensor 332. It is performed so as to be repeated periodically according to the timing.
The target angular displacement generation unit 30 holds the target angular displacement Ref (n) obtained by adding the detected angular displacement error (characteristic value) measured in advance in the memory 301, and the disk by the mark sensor 332 is used during the image forming process. The target angular displacement Ref (n) may be read by sequentially switching the reference address of the memory from the detection timing of the reference position 311 and input to the control controller unit 40.

The control controller 40 subtracts the target angular displacement Ref (n) that is the control target value input from the target angular displacement generator 30 and the detected angular displacement P (n−1) from the encoder sensor 331 of the encoder 31. The difference e (n) is input to the circuit 41. That is, the difference displacement amount is calculated. The detected angular displacement P (n−1) is actually calculated based on the output pulse signal of the encoder sensor 331, which will be described in detail later.
The difference e (n) is input to the proportional calculation unit 43 after high frequency noise is removed by passing through the low-pass filter 42.

The proportional calculation unit 43 proportionally amplifies the difference e (n) from the low-pass filter 42 with the gain Kp, and supplies the result to the addition circuit 45 as a correction amount (rad) Hz.
The adder circuit 45 determines the drive pulse frequency f (n) by adding the correction amount (rad) Hz from the proportional calculation unit 43 to the constant steady drive pulse frequency (Refpc) Hz from the steady drive pulse frequency setting unit 44. Then, it is output to the pulse output device 37.
The pulse output unit 37 generates a drive pulse signal having the drive pulse frequency f (n) received from the adder circuit 45 and outputs it to the drive motor 32.

Here, a method of measuring the detected angular displacement error for one rotation of the disk 311 from the detection timing of the reference mark 321 by the mark sensor 332 corresponding to the disk eccentricity of the encoder 31 will be described.
First, the heat source of the fixing heater that may cause the speed fluctuation of the belt driving device 6 is turned off, and the drive motor 32 is driven at a constant speed. Then, after the drive motor 32 is driven until the drive of the transfer conveyance belt 60 is stabilized, the mark sensor 332 detects the reference mark (disc mark) 321 shown in FIG. 6, and the encoder 31 uses the detection timing as a reference. The count value of the output pulse is sampled at a constant timing, and the difference e (n) between the target angular displacement Ref (n) of the encoder 31 and the detected angular displacement P (n−1) of the encoder 31 is calculated over 5 rotations of the disk. .

  Here, W is the number of data sampled per one rotation of the disk, and is determined by the free capacity of the RAM 602. The larger the free capacity of the RAM 602, the more data is sampled per one rotation of the disk in order to improve the data resolution. Set W to a large value. Further, when the number of data actually sampled per one rotation of the disk is different from the preset value W, it is determined as an error, the measurement of the detected angular displacement error is stopped, and the error history information is displayed. It is preferable to store the number of accumulated errors later by storing the data in a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM.

In the measurement of the detected angular displacement error, since the drive motor 32 is driven at a constant speed without performing position control, the target angular displacement Ref (n) and the detected angular displacement P (n−1) of the encoder 31 are detected. E (n), which is the difference between the two, has a slope as shown in FIG. Further, other noise components other than the detected angular displacement error of the encoder 31 for one rotation of the disk from the detection timing of the reference mark 321 by the mark sensor 332 corresponding to the disk eccentricity of the encoder 31 are included.
Next, the inclination component of e (n) is removed. The slope component k (n) of e (n) as shown in FIG. 12 is calculated by the least square method, and J (n) = e (n) −k is obtained by removing k (n) from e (n). (N) is obtained.

  Next, the detected angular displacement error occurring at a period other than one rotation period of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is removed by moving average processing. In this example, in order to remove mainly the detected angular displacement error due to the eccentricity of the driving roller 63 that frictionally conveys the transfer conveying belt 60, the driving roller 63 is moved by using the number of data sampled during four rotations. Perform averaging. When the number of data sampled during the time when the drive roller 63 rotates twice is D, moving average processing is performed using the following arithmetic expression.

J '(0) = {J (0) + J (1) +. + J (2D-1) + J (2D)} / (2D + 1)
J '(1) = {J (1) + J (2) +. + J (2D) + J (2D + 1)} / (2D + 1)
J '(2) = {J (2) + J (3) +. + J (2D + 1) + J (2D + 2)} / (2D + 1)
・
・
J '(n) = {J (n) + J (n + 1) +. + J (n + 2D-1) + J (n + 2D)} / (2D + 1)

Then, data as shown in FIG. 13 is obtained in which the detected angular displacement error occurring in a period other than one rotation period of the disk is removed.
Next, in order to emphasize the detected angular displacement error for one rotation of the disk from the detection timing of the reference mark 321 by the mark sensor 332 corresponding to the disk eccentricity and to remove random noise, a circumferential average process of the disk rotation period is performed. In this example, a circumferential average process is performed using data for four rotations of the disk. When the number of data sampled in one rotation of the disk is W, the circumferential average processing is performed by the following calculation.

J ″ (0) = {J ′ (0) + J ′ (W) + J ′ (2W) + J ′ (3W)} / 4
J ″ (1) = {J ′ (1) + J ′ (1 + W) + J ′ (1 + 2W) + J ′ (1 + 3W)} / 4
J ″ (2) = {J ′ (2) + J ′ (2 + W) + J ′ (2 + 2W) + J ′ (2 + 3W)} / 4
・
・
J ″ (n) = {J ′ (n) + J ′ (n + W) + J ′ (n + 2W) + J ′ (n + 3W)} / 4

The obtained data as shown in FIG. 14 becomes a detected angular displacement error for one rotation of the disk from the detection timing of the reference mark 321 by the mark sensor 332 corresponding to the disk eccentricity of the encoder 31.
The acquisition of the detected angular displacement error data for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 and the calculation of the phase / amplitude parameters of the disk 311 when this execution command is input by the external device 38 shown in FIG. It may be executed when the printer is first turned on in the morning or when the drive motor 32 is started. However, the image forming process is not performed.

The detected angular displacement error caused by the actual disk eccentricity of the encoder 31 is SIN (sinusoidal), and it is not necessary to have all the data for one rotation of the disk. Even if the phase value and the amplitude value from the time of detection of the mark 321 are calculated and the detected angular displacement error data is calculated from this data (phase / amplitude parameter), it can be handled as sufficiently equivalent correction data.
Therefore, it is not necessary to store the detected angular displacement error data (correction data) for each control cycle in the non-volatile memory, and the correction data is generated only with the above phase / amplitude parameters. If prepared, control becomes possible. In this case, the correction data is generated by the following arithmetic expression when the power is turned on or the transfer motor is started.

Δθ [rad]: Fluctuation value of rotational angle displacement of driven shaft [= b × sin (2 × π × ft + τ)]
The above Δθ is calculated according to the control time from the detection of the reference mark 321 by the mark sensor 332, and sequentially stored in the RAM 602 which is a volatile memory.
When the drive motor 32 is actually driven, the data is read by switching the reference address of the RAM 602 according to the timing when the mark sensor 332 detects the reference mark 321. By adding the read data to the target angular displacement, which is the aforementioned control target value, feedback control can be performed without being affected by disk eccentricity.

  Further, when only the peak value of the speed fluctuation (position fluctuation) due to the disk eccentricity needs to be lowered, the detected angular displacement error data due to the disk eccentricity for each control cycle is not necessary. Therefore, in order to reduce the memory area, for example, as shown in FIG. 15, detection angle displacement error data of about 20 points per rotation of the disk is generated, and the data is updated when the disk 311 reaches each point. It is possible to sufficiently reduce the peak value of the speed fluctuation.

  FIGS. 16 and 17 show examples of timing charts for realizing the drive control according to the reference example of the present invention. Although not shown in FIG. 9, it is assumed that the control unit 600 is provided with a control cycle timer for measuring time. The detection IO unit 608 includes two encoder pulse counters (1) and (2) and a control cycle timer counter which will be described later.

First, in FIG. 16, the count value of the encoder pulse counter (1) that counts the output pulse (encoder pulse) of the encoder 31 is incremented (+1) by the rising edge of the encoder pulse output. The control cycle of this control is 1 ms, and the count value of the control cycle timer counter is incremented (+1) every time the CPU 601 is interrupted by the control cycle timer.
The time measurement of the control cycle timer is started when the rising edge of the encoder pulse is detected for the first time after the through-up and settling of the drive motor 32 is completed, and the count value of the control cycle timer counter is reset to “0”. .

Each time the CPU 601 is interrupted by the control cycle timer, the count value: ne of the encoder pulse counter (1) is acquired and the count value: q of the control cycle timer counter is acquired and incremented (+1).
Like the encoder pulse counter (1) described above, the encoder pulse counter (2) is incremented (+1) by the rising edge of the output of the encoder pulse, as shown in FIG. It is reset to “0” at the rising edge of the first encoder pulse when 321 is detected (when a mark detection signal is input from the mark sensor 332). Therefore, the encoder pulse counter (2) substantially counts the moving distance from the reference mark 321 and the reference address of the RAM 602 in which detected angular displacement error data for one rotation of the disk 311 is stored according to this value. Switch.

Based on the count value of each encoder pulse counter (1, 2), the position deviation is calculated as follows.
P (n−1) = θ1 × ne
Ref (n) = θ0 × q + Δθ
e (n) = Ref (n) -P (n-1) (unit: rad)

Here, the meaning of each symbol in the above formula is as follows.
e (n) [rad]: Position deviation (calculated in this sampling) θ0 [rad]: Movement angle per control period 1 [ms] (= 2π × V × 10 ⁻³ / Lπ [rad])
Δθ [rad]: Fluctuation value of rotational angle displacement of driven shaft [= b × sin (2 × π × ft + τ)] (table reference value)

θ1 [rad]: Movement angle per encoder pulse (= 2π / p [rad])
q: Count value of control cycle timer V: Belt linear velocity [mm / s]
L: Lower right roller diameter [mm]
b: Amplitude of detection angular displacement error [rad] generated due to disk eccentricity
τ: phase at the reference mark [rad] of detected angular displacement error caused by disk eccentricity
f: Disk rotation period [Hz]

In this example, the diameter of the lower right roller, which is a driven roller to which the encoder 31 is attached, is φ15.515 [mm]. The resolution p of the encoder 31 is assumed to be 300 pulses per revolution.
Next, in order to avoid responding to a sudden position change, it is preferable to perform a filter calculation with the following specifications on the calculated deviation.

Filter type: Butterworth IIR low-pass filter Sampling frequency: 1 KHz (= equal to control period)
Passband ripple (Rp): 0.01 dB
Stop band end attenuation (Rs): 2 dB
Passband edge frequency (Fp): 50Hz
Stopband edge frequency (Fs): 100Hz

A block diagram of the filter calculation is shown in FIG. 18, and a list of filter coefficients is shown in FIG. Two stages of filters having the same configuration are cascade-connected, and intermediate nodes in each stage are u1 (n), u1 (n-1), u1 (n-2) and u2 (n), u2 (n-1), u2 respectively. (N-2). Here, the meaning of the index is as follows.
(N): Current sampling (n-1): Previous sampling (n-2): Second previous sampling

The following program calculation is performed each time a control timer interrupt occurs during feedback execution.
u1 (n) = a11 * u1 (n-1) + a21 * u1 (n-2) + e (n) * ISF
e1 (n) = b01 * u1 (n) + b11 * u1 (n-1) + b21 * u1 (n-2)
u1 (n-2) = u1 (n-1)
u1 (n-1) = u1 (n)
u2 (n) = a12 * u2 (n-1) + a22 * u2 (n-2) + e1 (n)
e '(n) = b02 * u2 (n) + b12 * u2 (n-1) + b22 * u2 (n-2)
u2 (n-2) = u2 (n-1)
u2 (n-1) = u2 (n)
FIG. 20 shows the amplitude characteristics of this filter, and FIG. 21 shows the phase characteristics.

Next, the control amount for the controlled object is obtained. In the control block diagram, first, considering PID control as a position controller,
F (S) = G (S) × E ′ (S) = Kp × E ′ (S) + Ki × E ′ (S) / S + Kd × S × E ′ (S) (1)
However, Kp: proportional gain, Ki: integral gain, Kd: differential gain.
G (S) = F (S) / E ′ (S) = Kp + Ki / S + Kd × S (1)

Here, when the bilinear transformation (S = (2 / T) × (1-Z ⁻¹ ) / (1 + Z ⁻¹ )) is performed on the equation (1), the following equation is obtained.
G (Z) = (b0 + b1 * Z- ¹ + b2 * Z- ² ) / (1-a1 * Z- ^1- a2 * Z- ² ) (2)
However, a1 = 0
a2 = 1
b0 = Kp + T × Ki / 2 + 2 × Kd / T
b1 = T × Ki−4 × Kd / T
b2 = −Kp + T × Ki / 2 + 2 × Kd / T

The expression (2) is represented as a block diagram as shown in FIG. Here, e ′ (n) and f (n) indicate that E ′ (S) and F (S) are treated as discrete data, respectively. In FIG. 22, when w (n), w (n-1), and w (n-2) are defined as intermediate nodes, the difference equation is as follows (general expression for PID control).
w (n) = a1 * w (n-1) + a2 * w (n-2) + e '(n) (3)
f (n) = b0 * w (n) + b1 * w (n-1) + b2 * w (n-2) (4)
Here, the meaning of the index is as follows.
(N): Current sampling (n-1): Previous sampling (n-2): Second previous sampling

Considering proportional control as a position controller, the integral gain and derivative gain are zero. Accordingly, the coefficients in FIG. 22 are as follows, and the expressions (3) and (4) are simplified as the following expression (5).
a1 = 0 a2 = 1 b0 = Kp b1 = 0 b2 = -Kp
w (n) = w (n−2) + e ′ (n)
f (n) = Kp × w (n) −Kp × w (n−2)
→ ∴f (n) = Kp × e ′ (n) (5)

Also, the discrete data f0 (n) corresponding to F0 (S) is constant in this reference example,
f0 (n) = 6105 [Hz]
It is. Therefore, the pulse frequency set in the drive motor 32 is finally calculated by the following equation (6).
f ′ (n) = f (n) + f0 (n) = Kp × e ′ (n) +6105 [Hz] (6)

FIG. 23 shows an operation flowchart of the encoder pulse counter (1) described above. In the flowchart of FIG. 23 and the flowchart described below, each step is abbreviated as “S”.
First, it is determined whether it is the first pulse input after through-up and settling (S1). If YES, the encoder pulse counter (1) is cleared to zero (S2), the control cycle timer counter is cleared to zero (S3), and control is performed. The interrupt by the cycle timer is permitted (S4), the control cycle timer is started (S5), and the process returns to the main routine (not shown). If the determination in step 1 is NO, the encoder pulse counter (1) is incremented (S6) and the process returns to the main routine.

FIG. 24 shows an operation flowchart of the encoder pulse counter (2) described above.
First, when an encoder pulse is input, the state of the mark sensor 332 is determined (S11). If YES, the encoder pulse counter (2) is cleared to zero (S12). If NO in step 11, the encoder pulse counter (2) is incremented (S13), and the process returns to the main routine.

Further, FIG. 25 shows a flowchart of interrupt processing by the control cycle timer.
First, the control cycle timer counter is incremented (S21), and then the encoder pulse count value ne is acquired (S22). Furthermore, the value of Δθ is acquired by referring to the table data (S23), and the table data reference address is incremented (S24). Next, a position deviation calculation is performed using these values (S25), a filter calculation is performed on the obtained position deviation (S26), and a control amount calculation (proportional calculation) is performed based on the result of the filter calculation. (S27). Then, the frequency of the drive pulse of the drive motor 32 (stepping motor) is actually changed (S28), and the process returns to the main routine.

Each embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described below.
In each of the embodiments, what is different from the reference example described above is the control relating to the configuration of the encoder 31 and the acquisition of detected angular displacement error data by the disk 311. Other than the above, since it is the same as the reference example, most of the drawings used for the description of the reference example will be referred to again, and with reference to the new FIG. 1 and FIG. 26 to FIG. That is, the configuration of the encoder 31 and the control related to the acquisition of detected angular displacement error data by the disk 311 will be described. In addition, description of the part which is common in a reference example is abbreviate | omitted. Further, it is assumed that the encoder 31 in each embodiment does not include the mark sensor 332 shown in FIG. For convenience of explanation, in FIG. 26, FIG. 30, and FIG. 32, the same reference numerals are given to portions corresponding to the respective drawings used in the reference example.

First, the outline of each embodiment will be described.
In the first to seventh embodiments, an “encoder disk reference position” for obtaining detection angular displacement error data with respect to the absolute position of the disk 311 (hereinafter also referred to as “encoder disk”) of the encoder 31 is detected. Means. The eighth embodiment relates to a means for obtaining detection angular displacement error data with respect to the absolute position of the encoder disk without defining the “reference position of the encoder disk”.

  In any of the first to seventh embodiments, the reference position (reference position) of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is used to stabilize the position fluctuation (rotation fluctuation) of the transfer / conveyance belt 60 caused by the disk eccentricity of the encoder 31. (Detection pattern) is detected, and when the drive motor 32 is driven at a constant speed without executing the image forming process, the detected angular displacement error data when the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is rotated once, or The data memory of the RAM 602 of FIG. 9 or the phase / amplitude parameter (phase value and maximum amplitude value at the reference position for the waveform of eccentricity of the disk 311) calculated from the reference position of the disk 311 based on It is held in a nonvolatile memory (not shown).

When the phase / amplitude parameter from the reference position of the disk 311 is held in the nonvolatile memory as a characteristic value, the characteristic value is set to the SIN function or the time when the power is turned on or the drive motor 32 is started. Processing is performed using the approximate expression, and data for one rotation of the disk 311 is developed on the RAM 602.
During the image forming process, the characteristic value is read by sequentially switching the reference address of the RAM 602 from the detection timing of the reference position of the disk 311 (at this time, if the characteristic value is a phase / amplitude parameter, the detected angular displacement error is calculated based on the characteristic value. ) Is added to the target angular displacement to obtain a new target angular displacement, and the drive motor 32 is driven and controlled based on the new target angular displacement.

As described above, the characteristic value calculated based on the detected angular displacement error corresponding to the absolute angle of the encoder 31 is a disc 311 because the detected angular displacement error caused by the disc eccentricity of the encoder 31 is sinusoidal. The original detection angular displacement error can be calculated based on the phase / amplitude parameters during the image forming process.
In the first to seventh embodiments, detection of the “reference position of the encoder disk” for obtaining data of the detected angular displacement error with respect to the absolute position of the encoder disk will be described.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a disk 311 and an encoder sensor 331 in an encoder 31 in the first to fourth embodiments.
FIG. 26 is an explanatory view showing different examples of the plurality of slits formed in the portion A of the disk 311 shown in FIG. 1, and (1) shows an example of a plurality of slits of a general encoder disk. Is an example of a plurality of slits in the encoder disk of the second embodiment, (3) is an example of a plurality of slits in the encoder disk of the third embodiment, and (4) is a plurality of slits in the encoder disk of the fourth embodiment. An example of each is shown. A reference slit described later is indicated by a broken line.

First, the first embodiment will be described.
[First embodiment]
FIG. 26 (1) shows a part of a plurality of slits (hereinafter referred to as “normal slits”) formed in the circumferential direction of a general encoder disk, and each of the normal slits has the same shape. It has become.
In the first embodiment, a large number of normal slits for detecting the rotation angle are engraved in the circumferential direction on the disk 311 of the encoder 31, and the irradiation light of the light emitting element 312 is transmitted / blocked by the normal slits. Thus, the number of pulse signals (pulsed ON / OFF signals) corresponding to the rotation angle of the lower right roller 66 can be obtained from the light receiving element 313.

In addition, a reference slit 351 for determining (detecting) one round (one rotation) of the disk 311 is also formed in a portion A on the disk 311 of the encoder 31. The reference slit 351 is different from the normal slit in characteristics (for example, the width in the circumferential direction).
Therefore, the CPU 601 (FIG. 9) determines the reference position of the disk 311 by detecting the reference slit 351 every time the disk 311 rotates by the light emitting element 312 and the light receiving element 313 constituting the encoder sensor 331. 311 can be used as a reference for one rotation.

According to the first embodiment, it is not necessary to form a reference slit (a reference position detection slit) separately from a normal slit on the encoder disk, so that a dedicated sensor for detecting the reference slit ( It is not necessary to provide a new one (corresponding to the mark sensor 332 in FIG. 9), and the cost can be reduced.
A plurality of reference slits may be formed on the encoder disk. Further, instead of the normal slit and the reference slit, an ordinary mark and a reference mark that reflect light may be formed in the circumferential direction of the disc, and an encoder having a sensor for detecting them may be used. This is the same in the second to fourth embodiments described later.

Next, the second to fourth embodiments will be described sequentially.
In the second to fourth embodiments, the “characteristic different from the normal slit” of the reference slit 351 in the first embodiment is set as “the circumferential width of the slit”. The “circumferential width” is also simply referred to as “width”.
[Second Embodiment]
In FIG. 27, as shown in (2) of FIG. 26, the width in the circumferential direction of the reference slit 351 serving as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is “a width wider than twice the width of the normal slit”. 5 is a timing chart showing an example of each signal including an output pulse (output pulse signal) of the encoder 31 and a reference position signal of the encoder 31 generated based on the output pulse.

  In FIG. 27, the output pulse of the encoder 31 is low level “L” when the irradiation light of the light emitting element 312 is transmitted through the slit, and low level “H” when it is blocked. The output pulse of the encoder 31 is measured by a counter in the detection IO unit 608. Here, the clock frequency of the counter will be described as a frequency twice that of the output pulse of the encoder 31.

At the normal position (normal slit position) of the disk 311 of the encoder 31, when the output pulse of the encoder 31 is sampled by the counter clock (reference clock), the low level “L” and the low level “H” can be obtained alternately. On the other hand, at the position (reference position) of the reference slit 351 that serves as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31, the light emitted from the light emitting element 312 continues to be transmitted by the width of the reference slit 351 (the width in the circumferential direction). Therefore, the sampling result continues to be at the low level “L”.
The reference position signal corresponds to an output pulse when the reference slit 351 on the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is detected by the encoder sensor 331. As a result of sampling the output pulse of the encoder 31 with the counter clock, the same level is 2 It can be generated by asserting when continuing for more than a clock and negating when a different level is detected.

  According to the second embodiment, regarding the means for detecting the “reference position of the encoder disk” for obtaining the data of the detected angular displacement error with respect to the absolute position of the encoder disk, the “characteristic different from the normal slit” of the reference slit is set to “ By setting the width of the slit, it is not necessary to newly form a slit for detecting the reference position on the encoder disk, so there is no need to newly provide a dedicated sensor (light receiving element, light emitting element) associated therewith. Reduction can be achieved.

In the example of FIG. 27, the output pulse of the encoder 31 continues at the low level “L” for 5 clocks by the wide reference slit 351, thereby obtaining a reference position signal once per rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31. Yes.
At this time, the output of the encoder 31 should originally be included in the width of the reference slit 351 that serves as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31.
That is, in order to obtain a reference position signal once per rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31, the width of the reference slit 351 serving as a reference is set to “a width wider than twice the width of the normal slit”. The period of the 31 output pulses partially expands, and the rotation speed of the lower right roller 66 (the rotation speed of the transfer conveyance belt 60) cannot be detected in this section.

[Third embodiment]
In the third embodiment, the width of the reference slit 351 serving as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is “a width wider than the normal slit and narrower than twice the width of the normal slit”. It is characterized by that.
In FIG. 28, as shown in (3) of FIG. 26, the width of the reference slit 351 serving as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is “a width wider than the normal slit and 2 of the width of the normal slit. 6 is a timing chart showing an example of each signal including an output pulse of the encoder 31 when the width is narrower than double and a reference position signal of the encoder 31 generated based on the output pulse. Since the method for generating the reference position signal is the same as that described with reference to FIG.

In the example of FIG. 28, the output pulse of the encoder 31 continues at the low level “L” for two clocks through the wide reference slit 351, thereby obtaining a reference signal once per rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31. .
At this time, since the width of the reference slit 351 serving as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is different from the width of the reference slit, the period of the output pulse of the encoder 31 is partially expanded. The interval between the falling edges is constant.
Therefore, the rotational speed of the lower right roller 66 can be normally detected even in the section of the reference slit 351 that serves as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31.

  According to the third embodiment, regarding the means for detecting the “reference position of the encoder disk” for obtaining the data of the detected angular displacement error with respect to the absolute position of the encoder disk, the “characteristic different from the normal slit” of the reference slit is set to “ By making the width wider than the normal slit and narrower than twice the width of the normal slit ”, it is not necessary to newly provide a reference position detection slit on the encoder disk. The cost can be reduced. In addition, the width of the encoder pulse (encoder output pulse) is widened at a wide reference slit, but it is usually narrower than twice the slit width, and the interval between the one edges for counting encoder pulses is always constant. Therefore, the rotation speed of the lower right roller 66 can always be detected normally.

[Fourth embodiment]
The fourth embodiment is characterized in that the width of the reference slit 351 serving as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is “a width narrower than that of the normal slit”.
FIG. 29 shows an output pulse of the encoder 31 when the width of the reference slit 351 serving as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is set to “a width narrower than the normal slit” as shown in FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing an example of each signal including a reference position signal of the encoder 31 generated based on this. Since the method for generating the reference position signal is the same as that described with reference to FIG.

In the example of FIG. 29, the output pulse of the encoder 31 continues at the low level “H” for two clocks by the narrow reference slit 351, thereby obtaining a reference signal once per rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31. .
At this time, since the width of the reference slit 351 serving as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is different from the width of the normal slit, the output pulse period of the encoder 31 is partially narrowed. The interval between the falling edges is constant.
Therefore, the rotational speed of the lower right roller 66 can be normally detected even in the section of the reference slit 351 that serves as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31.

  According to the fourth embodiment, regarding the means for detecting the “reference position of the encoder disk” for obtaining the data of the detected angular displacement error with respect to the absolute position of the encoder disk, the “characteristic different from the normal slit” of the reference slit is set to “ By making the width narrower than the normal slit, there is no need to newly form a slit for detecting the reference position on the encoder disk, so there is no need to newly provide a dedicated sensor, thereby reducing costs. Can do. In addition, since the width of the encoder pulse is narrowed in the narrow reference slit, the interval between the one edges for counting the encoder pulse is not affected and can always be constant. Therefore, the rotational speed of the lower right roller 66 can always be detected normally.

Next, a fifth embodiment will be described.
[Fifth embodiment]
In the fifth embodiment, two reference slits 351 and 352 for determining one rotation of the disk 311 are formed on the disk 311 of the encoder 31 in addition to the normal slit. The reference slits 351 and 352 are different from the normal slit in characteristics (for example, the width in the circumferential direction).
Therefore, the CPU 601 determines the reference position of the disk 311 by detecting the reference slit 351 or 352 every time the disk 311 rotates by the light emitting element 312 and the light receiving element 313 constituting the encoder sensor 331, and determining the reference position of the disk 311. It can be a standard for one rotation.

However, in the fifth embodiment, when the reference slit 351 or 352 is detected and used as the reference for one rotation of the disk 311 during the drive control of the drive motor 32 (transfer conveyance belt 60), the drive is continuously performed. In the drive control of the motor 32, the reference slit detected first is always used as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311.
Note that three or more reference slits may be formed on the disk of the encoder. Further, instead of the normal slit and the reference slit, an ordinary mark and a reference mark that reflect light may be formed in the circumferential direction of the disc, and an encoder having a sensor for detecting them may be used.

Here, the configuration of the encoder 31 in the fifth embodiment will be described in a little more detail.
FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the disk 311 and the encoder sensor 331 of the encoder 31 in the fifth embodiment.

In FIG. 30, a number of normal slits for detecting the rotation angle are engraved in the circumferential direction on the disk 311 of the encoder 31, and light is received by transmitting / blocking light emitted from the light emitting element 312 through the normal slits. A number of pulse signals corresponding to the rotation angle of the lower right roller 66 can be obtained from the element 313.
The width of the reference slit 351 serving as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is the same as that of any of the second to fourth embodiments. The reference slit 352 is provided at a position 180 degrees away from the reference slit 351 and has the same structure as the reference slit 351.

In the configuration of FIG. 30, the worst condition of the operation of finding (detecting) the reference slit 351 or 352 from a plurality of patterns formed on the disk 311 of the encoder 31 as a preparation for control is the disk 311 of the encoder 31. Therefore, the time required for this is half that of the encoder 31 having the configuration shown in FIG.
Further, of the two reference slits 351 and 352, for example, when the reference slit 351 is recognized as a reference for one rotation of the disk 311, the reference position signal is generated only from the reference slit 351 and the reference slit 352 is ignored. Thus, it is possible to obtain a reference position signal once for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31.

  According to the fifth embodiment, the means for detecting the “reference position of the encoder disk” for obtaining the data of the detected angular displacement error with respect to the absolute position of the encoder disk has two reference slits (or more). By setting the “characteristics different from the normal slit” of each reference slit to the “slit width” similar to those of the second to fourth embodiments, the same effects as those of the second to fourth embodiments can be obtained. Obtainable. In addition, the time required for the operation of finding the reference slit can be shortened.

Next, the sixth embodiment and the seventh embodiment will be described sequentially.
In the sixth embodiment and the seventh embodiment, slits having different characteristics are formed in the circumferential direction on the disk 311 of the encoder 31, and any of these slits is formed on the disk 311 of the encoder 31. It is possible to assign to the standard of one rotation.

[Sixth embodiment]
FIG. 31 shows an output pulse (slit pattern) of the encoder 31 when an identifier is provided for each slit on the disk 311 of the encoder 31 in the sixth embodiment, and detection of the rotation angle of the encoder 31 generated based on this. It is a timing chart for demonstrating a signal and an identifier signal.

In FIG. 31, the output pulse of the encoder 31 obtained from the slit pattern is measured by the counter in the detection IO unit 608. The clock frequency of the counter is 18 times the basic slit pattern of the encoder 31. It is a frequency.
The basic slit pattern is composed of a total of 9 clocks of a synchronization signal for one clock of the counter clock and an identification signal for 8 clocks. The period until the next synchronization signal is a cut-off area for 9 clocks.

The detection IO unit 608 generates a rotation angle detection signal of the encoder 31 by separating the synchronization signal for one clock from the slit pattern. Further, the identification signal for 8 clocks after the synchronization signal for 1 clock is encoded to generate the identification signal for the slit.
Therefore, the operation of finding a plurality of slits (patterns) formed on the disk 311 of the encoder 31 and the reference slit (reference detection pattern) from the plurality of slits (patterns) is not necessary. Can be defined as the reference slit of the encoder 31.

According to the sixth embodiment, the slits on the encoder disk have different characteristics with respect to the means for detecting the “reference position of the encoder disk” for obtaining the data of the detected angular displacement error with respect to the absolute position of the encoder disk. As a result, an arbitrary slit among the slits can be assigned to a reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31. Therefore, since it is not necessary to newly form a slit for detecting the reference position on the encoder disk, it is not necessary to newly provide a dedicated sensor associated therewith, and the cost can be reduced. Further, the operation of finding the reference slit from the plurality of slits on the encoder disk becomes unnecessary.
Instead of the slit, it is also possible to use an encoder provided with a sensor for detecting marks that reflect light in the circumferential direction of the disk.

[Seventh embodiment]
In the seventh embodiment, a plurality of marks having different reflectivities (characteristics) are formed on the disk 311 of the encoder 31 at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. The disc 311 can be assigned to a reference for one rotation.

FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the disk 311 and the encoder sensor 331 of the encoder 31 in the seventh embodiment.
FIG. 33 is an explanatory view showing different examples of a plurality of marks formed in the B part of the disk 311 shown in FIG.

In the seventh embodiment, in order to detect the rotation angle of the disk 311 of the encoder 31, for example, a plurality of marks 370 having different reflectivities (characteristics) as shown in FIG. The reflected light is received by the light receiving element 362 constituting the encoder sensor 331 by reflecting the irradiation light of the light emitting element 361 constituting the encoder sensor 331 with the mark. A number of pulse signals corresponding to the rotation angle of the lower roller 66 can be obtained. In a general encoder, as shown in (1) of FIG. 33, each mark on the disk has the same reflectance.
Thereby, in the seventh embodiment, pulse signals having different amplitudes can be obtained from the encoder 31. The detection IO unit 608 A / D converts the analog voltage of the pulse signal obtained from the encoder 31 to identify each mark.

Here, in the first to fifth embodiments, the CPU 601 processes the characteristic value held in the nonvolatile memory, for example, using the SIN function or the approximate expression when the power is turned on or when the drive motor 32 is started. The detected angular displacement error data (correction data) corresponding to the phase of one rotation of the disk 311 is generated for the pulse of one rotation of the disk 311 and developed on the RAM 602. In this case, the characteristic values held in the non-volatile memory are the phase and maximum amplitude data (phase / amplitude parameters) of the reference position of the disk 311.
In the image forming process, when the reference slit on the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is detected and the reference position is determined, the corresponding correction data is read for each output pulse (encoder pulse) of the disk 311 and added to the target angular displacement. Thus, a new target angular displacement is set, and the drive motor 32 is driven and controlled based on the new target angular displacement.

On the other hand, in the sixth embodiment and the seventh embodiment, the characteristic value held in the nonvolatile memory is the relationship between the slit identifier or mark reflectance on the disk 311 of the encoder 31 and the phase of the disk 311. In addition, the maximum amplitude data.
In the sixth and seventh embodiments, the CPU 601 identifies the slit or mark on the disk 311 detected by the encoder sensor 331 from the identifier or the reflectance when the power is turned on or the drive motor 32 is started. , Defined as a reference slit or reference mark of the disk 311. Then, the characteristic value held in the nonvolatile memory is processed using a SIN function or an approximate expression, and correction data for the phase corresponding to one rotation of the disk 311 is generated for the pulse corresponding to one rotation of the disk 311 and is stored on the RAM 602. expand.

When an arbitrary slit or mark on the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is detected and determined as a reference slit or reference mark during the image forming process, the corresponding correction data is read for each encoder pulse and added to the target angular displacement. The drive motor 32 is driven and controlled based on the new target angular displacement.
According to the seventh embodiment, it is not necessary to find a reference mark (reference detection pattern) from a plurality of marks 370 (patterns) formed on the disk 311 of the encoder 31, and an arbitrary one on the disk 311. This mark can be defined as the reference mark of the encoder 31.

That is, regarding the means for detecting the “reference position of the encoder disk” for obtaining the data of the detected angular displacement error with respect to the absolute position of the encoder disk, the “different characteristic of each mark on the encoder disk” is set to “on the encoder disk. By setting the reflectance to be different for each mark, an arbitrary mark among the marks can be assigned to the reference for one rotation of the disk 311 of the encoder 31.
Therefore, since it is not necessary to newly form a reference position detection mark on the encoder disk, it is not necessary to newly provide a dedicated sensor associated therewith, and the cost can be reduced. Further, it is not necessary to find a reference mark from a plurality of marks on the encoder disk.

Next, an eighth embodiment will be described.
[Eighth embodiment]
In the eighth embodiment, the detection angular displacement error data with respect to the absolute position of the encoder disk is obtained without defining the “reference position of the encoder disk”.
In the eighth embodiment, as in the seventh embodiment, a plurality of marks having different reflectances (characteristics) are formed on the disk 311 of the encoder 31 at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction.

  In the eighth embodiment, when the CPU 601 drives the drive motor 32 at a constant speed without executing the image forming process in order to stabilize the position fluctuation of the transfer conveyance belt 60 caused by the disk eccentricity of the encoder 31, Each data (correction data) of the detected angular displacement error when the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is rotated once is stored in advance in the data memory or the nonvolatile memory of the RAM 602 in association with the reflectance of each corresponding mark as a characteristic value. Keep it.

Note that the characteristic value held in the nonvolatile memory may be developed on the RAM 602 when the power is turned on or when the drive motor 32 is started.
During the image forming process, every time each mark on the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is detected, the reflectance of the detected mark is measured, and the corresponding correction data is read out, and added to the target angular displacement to obtain a new one. The drive motor 32 is driven and controlled based on the target angular displacement.

Thus, the detected angular displacement when the disk 311 of the encoder 31 is rotated once to stabilize the position fluctuation of the transfer conveyance belt 60 caused by the disk eccentricity of the encoder 31 without using a SIN function or an approximate expression. It is possible to accurately acquire error data.
According to the eighth embodiment, it is possible to acquire the data of the detected angular displacement error with respect to the absolute position of the encoder disk without defining the “reference position of the encoder disk”. Of course, the operation of finding the reference mark from the plurality of marks on the encoder disk is unnecessary.

According to each of the embodiments described above, it is possible to appropriately perform the control for stabilizing the rotational speed of the transfer conveyance belt 60 generated by the disk eccentricity of the encoder 31 in the position control at a low cost and according to the image quality.
In each of the above-described embodiments, the lower right roller 66 among the driven rollers driven to rotate by the rotation of the transfer conveyance belt is the target roller to which the encoder is attached. However, the other driven rollers or the transfer conveyance belt are rotated. The driving roller to be used may be the target roller.

As described above, the embodiment in which the present invention is applied to the drive control device (belt drive device) for driving and controlling the transfer conveyance belt has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other endless moving members (photosensitive members) for image formation. The present invention can also be applied to a drive control device that drives and controls a body belt, a transfer belt, an intermediate transfer belt, or an image recording medium conveyance belt.
That is, an example in which the present invention is applied to a belt driving device in a tandem type laser printer in which a plurality of photosensitive drums 11Y, 11M, 11C, and 11K are arranged on the transfer conveyance belt 60 has been described. Possible image forming apparatuses and belt driving apparatuses are not limited to this configuration.
As long as the image forming apparatus has a belt driving device that rotationally drives an endless belt stretched around a plurality of rollers by at least one of the rollers (target rollers), any of the belt driving devices Applicable.

In the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to a direct transfer type color printer in which transfer paper is transported by the transfer transport belt 60 and four color toner images from the photosensitive drum are sequentially transferred onto the transfer paper. The present invention is also applied to an intermediate transfer belt driving device in an indirect transfer type color printer that transfers four color toner images onto an intermediate transfer belt, transfers the four colors together, and transfers them onto a transfer sheet at once. Is possible.
Furthermore, although laser light is used as the exposure light source in the above-described embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, an LED array or the like may be used as the light source.

As is apparent from the above description, according to the drive control device of the present invention, it is possible to perform control that stabilizes the rotational speed fluctuation of the endless moving member caused by the disk eccentricity of the encoder at a low cost, Good feedback control can be performed. Therefore, if this invention is utilized, the drive control apparatus which can implement | achieve stabilization of the rotational speed of an endless moving member at low cost can be provided.
According to the image forming apparatus of the present invention, an endless moving member (photosensitive belt, transfer belt, intermediate transfer belt, or image recording medium conveying belt) generated by the disk eccentricity of the encoder is obtained by using the drive control device. Control for stabilizing the fluctuation of the rotation speed can be appropriately performed at low cost according to the image quality. Therefore, if this invention is used, an image forming apparatus capable of acquiring a high-quality image at a low cost can be provided.

It is a figure which shows the example of a structure of the disk in an encoder and encoder sensor in 1st Example-4th Example. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an entire laser printer showing an example of an image forming apparatus including a drive control device that is a reference example of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a schematic configuration of a belt driving device 6 shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the transfer conveying belt 60 in the belt driving device 6 as seen through.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a lower right roller 66 and an encoder 31 illustrated in FIG. 4. It is a figure which shows the example of a structure of the disk 311 in the encoder 31, and a sensor. It is a figure for demonstrating the state in which the disk 311 was eccentric. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing different examples of sampling results when the drive motor 32 of FIG. 4 is driven at a constant speed and the count value of the output pulse of the encoder 31 is sampled at a constant timing.

It is a block diagram which shows the hardware structural example of the control part containing the drive motor control part of the belt drive device 6 in the laser printer shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between a phase / amplitude parameter corresponding to the disk rotation of the encoder 31 shown in FIG. 6 and a reference mark (disk mark). It is a typical functional block diagram which shows the structure for demonstrating the function of one Embodiment of the drive control apparatus which is a reference example of this invention. It is a diagram which shows e (n) which is the difference of target angular displacement Ref (n) and the detection angular displacement P (n-1) of an encoder, and J (n) from which inclination was removed.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing data from which a detected angular displacement error that has occurred in a period other than one disk rotation period of the encoder 31 shown in FIG. 6 is removed.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of detected angular displacement error data of the encoder 31 for one rotation of the disk generated by the disk eccentricity of the encoder 31 shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a control target value when the control target value is changed 20 times per disk rotation of the encoder 31 shown in FIG. 6. It is a timing chart for demonstrating the belt drive control by the reference example of this invention.

It is another timing chart.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the filter calculation used by the reference example of this invention. It is a table figure which similarly shows the filter coefficient list. It is a diagram which similarly shows the amplitude characteristic of the filter. It is a diagram which similarly shows the phase characteristic of the filter.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the 1 step | paragraph filter calculation in FIG. It is an operation | movement flowchart of an encoder pulse counter (1). It is an operation | movement flowchart of an encoder pulse counter (2). It is a flowchart of a control cycle timer interrupt process. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example from which the some slit currently formed in the A section of the disk of FIG. 1 differs.

As shown in (2) of FIG. 26, the output pulse of the encoder when the width of the reference slit serving as a reference for one rotation of the disk of the encoder is “a width wider than twice the width of the normal slit” and the basis thereof It is a timing diagram which shows an example of each signal containing the reference | standard position signal of the encoder produced | generated in (5). As shown in (3) of FIG. 26, when the width of the reference slit serving as a reference for one rotation of the disk of the encoder is “a width wider than the normal slit and narrower than twice the width of the normal slit”. It is a timing chart showing an example of each signal including an encoder output pulse and a reference position signal of the encoder generated based on the output pulse.

As shown in (4) of FIG. 26, the output pulse of the encoder when the width of the reference slit, which is a reference for one rotation of the disk of the encoder, is “width narrower than the normal slit” and the encoder generated based on the output pulse. It is a timing diagram which shows an example of each signal containing a reference position signal. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the disk of an encoder and encoder sensor in 5th Example. It is a timing diagram for demonstrating the output pulse of an encoder at the time of providing each identifier on each slit on the disk of the encoder in 6th Example, and the rotation angle detection signal and identifier signal of the encoder which are produced | generated based on this. .

It is a figure which shows the structural example of the disk of an encoder in 7th Example, and an encoder sensor. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example from which the some mark formed in the B section of the disc of FIG. 32 differs.

Explanation of symbols

1Y, 1M, 1C, 1K: toner image forming unit 6: belt driving device 30: target angular displacement generating unit 31: encoder 32: driving motor 37: pulse output device 40: control controller unit 60: transfer conveyance belt 63: driving roller 66: Lower right roller (driven roller) 311: Disk 312, 361: Light emitting element 313, 362: Light receiving element 331: Encoder sensor 332: Mark sensor 351, 352: Reference slit 370: Mark 600: Control unit 601: CPU 602: RAM 603: ROM
604: IO control unit 606: Drive motor IF 607: Driver 608: Detection IO unit 609: Bus

Claims (7)

Drive roller rotates the endless moving member or the Rue encoder detecting the rotational angle of one of the roller of the driven roller is driven to rotate by the rotation of the endless moving member by the drive roller,
Storage means for storing the detected angular displacement error as the characteristic value during the encoder makes one revolution,
And control means for controlling the driving of the drive roller by adding preset control target value of the angular displacement per unit time of the encoder and the said characteristic value,
Wherein the encoder includes a rotating disk having a plurality of slits or marks are formed, and a sensor for detecting the respective slits or marks, the one of the slits or marks, or two slits at the location of 180 degrees from each other A rotary encoder whose mark has different characteristics from other slits or marks,
When the control means detects any one of the two slits or marks by the sensor after the drive roller starts rotating , the control means uses the signal as a reference for one rotation of the rotary encoder, and starts the drive control. Thereafter, the detection of a slit or mark that is not detected out of the two slits or marks is ignored . The drive control device according to claim 1,
The rotary disk of the rotary encoder is formed with a plurality of slits,
A sensor of the rotary encoder is a sensor for detecting the plurality of slits;
The drive control device according to claim 1, wherein the slits having different characteristics have a width in the circumferential direction different from that of the other slits. The drive control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
The drive control device according to claim 1, wherein a width of the slits having different characteristics in the circumferential direction is wider than the other slits, and narrower than twice the width of the other slits. The drive control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
The drive control device according to claim 1, wherein the slits having different characteristics have a width in the circumferential direction that is narrower than other slits. The drive control device according to claim 1 ,
The rotary disk of the rotary encoder is formed with a plurality of marks,
The rotary encoder sensor is a sensor that detects reflected light of the plurality of marks,
Of the plurality of marks , two marks at 180 degrees relative to each other have a reflectance different from that of the other marks . And a drive control apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the image forming apparatus characterized by comprising an endless moving member for image forming which is driven and controlled by the drive control unit. The image forming apparatus according to claim 6 .
The image forming apparatus, wherein the endless moving member is at least one of a photosensitive belt, a transfer belt, an intermediate transfer belt, and an image recording medium conveyance belt.

Images