JP4660528B2 - Polymer composite material manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is a synthetic polymer and a biomass origin component belongs to a technical field related to a polymer composite material formed by combining, in particular it relates to such a polymer composite material to that production equipment producing and manufacturing method thereof is there.

Here, the biomass (biological resource) refers to an organic resource that can be regenerated among animals and plants that grow by solar energy.
Specifically, lignocellulose or plant-based biomass mainly composed of cellulose (such as thinning and building demolition materials such as wood industry and pulp industry) , Etc.), starchy biomass mainly composed of amylose or amylopectin (rice, wheat, corn, potato, sweet potato, tapioca, etc.), chitin (or chitosan) based biomass derived from crustacean animals Gala etc.).

Currently, by combining these biomass-derived components and synthetic polymers, the amount of synthetic polymers produced from fossil resources can be reduced, contributing to the preservation of the global environment, Research is underway to create polymer composite materials that can be expressed. In such a polymer composite material, how to disperse the biomass-derived component finely and uniformly in the matrix of the synthetic polymer is an important study subject.
However, biomass has high crystallinity based on strong hydrogen bonds between molecules and has a higher-order structure such as three-dimensional crosslinking. Moreover, even when mechanically pulverized, the biomass powder has a property of easily agglomerating. For this reason, it is generally not easy to finely and uniformly disperse the biomass-derived component in the matrix of the synthetic polymer.

As a conventional technique for the above-mentioned problems, the starchy biomass is subjected to a hydrous treatment and then heated and kneaded with a synthetic polymer main ingredient to gelatinize (α-form) the starchy material, thereby making the mother A technique for finely and uniformly dispersing a phase is known (for example, Patent Document 1).
In the case of grassy biomass and chitinous biomass, a high-pressure homogenizer or the like is used to refine these biomasses in an aqueous solvent to produce a homogeneous suspension. And the technique which disperse | distributes a biomass origin component finely and uniformly to a parent phase by heat-kneading this suspension with the main ingredient of a synthetic polymer is well-known (for example, patent document 2).

JP 2006-21502 A JP 2006-289164 A

  However, the conventional technology described above has a problem in which the phenomenon that the biomass-derived components finely and uniformly dispersed during the kneading process partially re-aggregate in the dehydration process that is abruptly performed by releasing the atmospheric pressure is unavoidable. It was. For this reason, it can be said that the polymer composite material manufactured by the above-described conventional technology has an insufficient degree of achievement of the refinement and uniformization of the dispersed phase with respect to the matrix phase.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for manufacturing a polymer composite material in which a dispersed phase of a biomass-derived component in a matrix phase of a synthetic polymer is highly refined and homogenized in order to solve the above-described problems. Objective.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention sets a kneaded material containing at least an excess water-containing material of the biomass-derived component in a production apparatus for producing a polymer composite material obtained by mixing a synthetic polymer and a biomass-derived component. Kneading means for kneading at the kneading temperature, dehydrating means for dehydrating the kneaded material containing the main agent and the excess hydrous material at a set pressure lower than the saturated vapor pressure at the kneading temperature and higher than atmospheric pressure, and dehydrating And a take-out means for taking out the kneaded product.

By this invention a means is configured, the kneading performed in a state in which the coexistence of large amounts of moisture, fine fine Do admixture with biomass origin component and the synthetic polymer is obtained. And thus the kneaded material obtained by mixing the fine pore is placed in the set pressure, a large amount of water and separated vaporized gradually included, dehydration of the kneading object is executed. And reaggregation of a biomass origin component will be suppressed. Incidentally, the synthetic polymer can be applied either a thermoplastic polymer and thermoset polymer.

Furthermore, the present invention provides the production apparatus for producing the polymer composite material, wherein the kneading means is provided with an introduction means for introducing the synthetic polymer main ingredient and the excess hydrated biomass-derived component on the upstream side, and an extraction means. Is provided on the downstream side, and a screw that rotates inside the cylinder set at the kneading temperature and pushes out from the input means toward the take-out means, the dehydrating means, a filter plate for selectively filtering water content that is part of the kneaded product with separate internal and external to the cylinder, the air to form a vaporizing space to vaporize the water content that has been filtered by the filtration plate It has a blocking wall for blocking and pressure adjusting means for setting the pressure in the vaporization space to the set pressure, as means.

By configuring the present invention from such means, a continuous manufacturing apparatus is configured. That is, the screw synthetic polymer pivots within a cylinder which is set to a temperature for melting, the biomass origin component is uniformly dispersed in the kneaded product with moisture contained. Further, the kneaded product is pressed against the filter plate by the pressure applied from the axially rotating screw, and the contained water is filtered out into the vaporization space. Since this vaporization space is set to the set pressure by the pressure adjusting means, the filtered water is vaporized in this vaporization space and discharged from the pressure adjusting means to the atmosphere.

  Furthermore, in the polymer composite material manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, a plurality of the dewatering means are provided for the cylinder, and the set pressure of the plurality of dewatering means is set to be smaller as the take-out means is closer. It is characterized by that.

  By configuring the present invention in this way, in the process in which the kneaded product is extruded toward the downstream of the cylinder, the water contained in the kneaded product is dehydrated step by step, and the biomass-derived components are re-agglomerated. Is effectively suppressed.

  Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that, in the polymer composite material manufacturing apparatus, the set pressure of the dehydrating means closest to the take-out means can be set lower than the atmospheric pressure.

  By configuring the present invention in this way, in the process in which the kneaded product is extruded toward the downstream of the cylinder, the dehydration of the kneaded product becomes more complete, and reaggregation of biomass-derived components is suppressed. .

  Furthermore, the present invention includes a structure for pressurizing the kneaded material at a portion where the dehydrating means is provided from the upstream side in a polymer composite material manufacturing apparatus, and this structure specifically includes a shaft diameter of the screw. Or by changing the pitch of the flight provided on the screw.

  By configuring the present invention in this way, even if the water contained in the kneaded product is removed and the volume of the kneaded product is reduced, the pressure applied to the kneaded product is at least maintained.

  Furthermore, the present invention provides an apparatus for producing a polymer composite material, comprising a configuration in which the kneaded material in a portion provided with the dehydrating means set to a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure is decompressed from the upstream side. In particular, this is achieved by changing the shaft diameter of the screw or changing the pitch of the flight provided on the screw.

  By configuring the present invention in this way, the pressure applied to the kneaded material from the screw is released, and dehydration from the kneaded material exposed to a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure is promoted.

  Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that in the polymer composite material production apparatus, the excess hydrate, liquid reagent or water is injected from a press-in means provided downstream of the main agent input means.

  By configuring the present invention in this way, even if the excess hydrated biomass-derived component has a high fluidity such as a suspension, it is even with respect to the main component of the synthetic polymer to be kneaded. Will be thrown in. Furthermore, by pouring water from the downstream side with respect to the biomass-derived component to be input, the biomass-derived component can be adjusted to an excess water-containing material while performing kneading. Various liquid liquid reagents can be added to the kneaded product.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a production apparatus for producing a polymer composite material, wherein the kneading means includes a casing provided with an introduction means for introducing the main component of the synthetic polymer and an excess water content of the biomass-derived component, and an extraction means. A rotor that rotates inside the casing and is set to the kneading temperature and is kneaded with the kneaded product, and the dehydrating means adjusts the pressure of the sealed space to the set pressure. It has a pressure means.

By configuring the present invention in this way, a batch type manufacturing apparatus is configured. That is, the rotor synthetic polymer pivots inside the casing is set to a temperature for melting, the biomass origin component is uniformly dispersed in the kneaded product with moisture contained. Further, while the kneaded material is being kneaded in this way, the inside of the casing becomes a sealed space by closing the openings of the charging means and the taking-out means. And this sealed space is set to the set pressure described above by the pressure adjusting means, and the water contained in the kneaded material is vaporized in this sealed space and released from the pressure adjusting means into the atmosphere.

The present invention is a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a polymer composite material, a filter plate for selectively filtering water content that is part of the kneaded product with separate internal and external to the casing, through the filter plate And a blocking wall in which a vaporizing space communicating with the sealed space is formed and the pressure adjusting means is provided.

  By configuring the present invention in this way, moisture contained in the kneaded material is filtered out into the vaporization space when the kneaded product is pressed against the filter plate by the pressure applied from the axially rotating rotor. Since this vaporization space is set to the set pressure by the pressure adjusting means, the filtered water is vaporized in this vaporization space and discharged from the pressure adjusting means to the atmosphere.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a polymer composite material obtained by mixing a synthetic polymer and a biomass-derived component, and kneading a kneaded material containing at least an excess water-containing material of the biomass-derived component at a set kneading temperature. A kneading step, a dehydrating step of dehydrating the kneaded material at a set pressure lower than the saturated vapor pressure at the kneading temperature and higher than the atmospheric pressure, and a taking-out step of taking out the dehydrated kneaded material. It is the manufacturing method of the polymer composite material which makes it.

As a result, the technical idea of the present invention of producing a polymer composite material in which the kneaded material is dehydrated at the set pressure and the biomass-derived components are dispersed can be applied without being limited to a specific production apparatus. Become. That is, the manufacturing method of the present invention can be applied without being limited to an extrusion mold manufacturing apparatus that adopts a continuous method and a pressure kneader manufacturing apparatus that adopts a batch method, which will be described later in an embodiment.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to introduce water, a component derived from biomass that is not subjected to dehydration treatment, a fibrous secondary material having a high water content other than that derived from biomass, and the efficiency of the manufacturing process and the improvement of physical properties are facilitated. Become.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a polymer composite material, wherein the biomass-derived component be derived from starch based biomass, water injection step of injection of the to that of water the starch based biomass into an excess hydrous substance It is characterized by including.

  By configuring the present invention in this way, for example, a polymer composite material is manufactured by separately feeding a synthetic polymer pellet, a biomass raw material (for example, polished rice), and water separately to the input means of the manufacturing apparatus. can do. This is expected to improve production efficiency.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a polymer composite material, wherein the biomass-derived component be one obtained by mechanically micronized biomass, moisture process of the over Retained moisture product impregnated with water to the aggregate It is characterized by including.

  By configuring the present invention in this way, handling of aggregates of fine particles that are easily scattered is simplified and production efficiency is expected to be improved. Further, the aggregate of the fine particles is subjected to kneading by replacing the air contained therein with water, and a polymer composite material with few defects due to bubbles can be produced. Here, the aggregate of fine particles is a fine powder obtained by mechanically pulverizing biomass or a fibrous body extracted from biomass.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a polymer composite material, wherein the main chain of the chain hydrocarbon has a carbon number in the range of 10 to 100 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the synthetic polymer and the biomass-derived component. It includes a wax blending step of blending 1 to 20 parts by weight of the contained wax.

By configuring the present invention in this way, in the kneading step, the wax dissolves prior to the main component of the synthetic polymer to form a mixed liquid phase with water, so that the viscosity of the kneaded material is reduced and the kneadability is reduced. Will improve. Further prior to melted wax, adsorbed on the biomass origin component, it promotes diffusion of the biomass origin component to base component of the molten synthetic polymer.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a polymer composite material, in the kneading step by kneading the excess hydrous substance and compatibilizing agent for the biomass origin component, a mixture of the main agent of the synthetic polymer from through the dehydration step Further kneading.

By constructing the present invention in this way, the biomass-derived component is further pulverized to form fine particles, and the compatibilizer is adsorbed on the surface to improve the affinity for a synthetic polymer to be introduced later. To do.

  The present invention provides a technique for producing a polymer composite material in which a dispersed phase of a biomass-derived component in a matrix phase of a synthetic polymer is highly refined and homogenized.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
FIG. 1A is a longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of a polymer composite material manufacturing apparatus 10 (hereinafter simply referred to as “manufacturing apparatus”) according to the present invention.
The manufacturing apparatus 10 includes an input unit 12 (hopper), a kneading unit 50, a dehydrating unit 40, and a forced pressure reducing device 30. Here, the kneading means 50 includes a driving means 11, a cylinder 13, and a screw 15.

By configuring the manufacturing apparatus 10 in this manner, when the raw material of the polymer composite material is input by the input unit 12, the raw material is kneaded by the screw 15 that rotates in the cylinder 13, and the dehydrating unit. 40 and the forced decompression device 30 are dehydrated to be taken out from the take-out means 17 as a polymer composite material melt.
The polymer composite melt is discharged in a bundle through a die (not shown) provided in the take-out means 17 and having dozens of small holes. Further, after solidifying through the cooling bath, it is drawn into a pelletizer (not shown) and cut into rice granular pellets.

The driving means 11 is connected to one end of the screw 15 to rotate the screw 15 and is a power source for kneading the raw material of the polymer composite material. In FIG. 1, only one screw 15 is shown, but the manufacturing apparatus 10 is not limited to such a single-shaft type, and a plurality of screws 15 are configured in parallel. The case of an axis is also included.
Thus, in the manufacturing apparatus 10 configured with multiple axes, the drive unit 11 rotates each of the plurality of installed screws 15. In this case, the direction and speed of each of the plurality of screws 15 are arbitrarily set.

The charging means 12 is for charging the main component of the synthetic polymer, which is the raw material of the polymer composite material, and the excess hydrated material of the biomass-derived component into the cylinder 13. The amount and the mixing ratio of the charged material can be arbitrarily set by the supply units 12a and 12b that supply the synthetic polymer and the excess hydrated biomass-derived component, respectively.
Further, when the biomass-derived component is derived from starchy biomass, the charging means 12 is filled with water necessary for gelatinizing the biomass-derived component, as will be described later, to become an excess water content. There are cases where water injection means are provided.

Here, as the synthetic polymer that is put into the manufacturing apparatus 10, either a thermoplastic resin that melts by heating or a thermosetting resin that cures by heating can be employed.
As the main component of the thermoplastic polymer, low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer ( A polyolefin-based resin such as EVA) or ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA) is preferable.
Other than these, polycarbonate resin (PC), polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET), acrylic / butylene / styrene (ABS), etc., which have the property of being heat-fluidized by heating, can generally be extruded. If it is, it can be used without particular limitation. Furthermore, these thermoplastic resins may be used as a mixture of two or more.

  On the other hand, if thermoplastic polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), and polycaprolactone (PCL) are used, all of them are reduced to soil. A polymer composite material having properties and suitable from the viewpoint of environmental protection can be obtained. Similarly, from the viewpoint of environmental conservation, polyolefin resins to which additives that impart biodegradability such as Tegranobon (trademark) and ECM Masterbatch (trade name) of Macrotech Research (USA) are added. To preferred.

Examples of thermosetting polymers that can be used include various known thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins, phenol resins, unsaturated polyester resins, urea resins, melamine resins, polyimides, diallyl phthalates, and alkyds. .
These thermosetting polymers can be formed into molded articles by adding a known curing agent to the main agent, maintaining a predetermined shape, and setting the curing temperature to a polymerization reaction. The main component of these thermosetting polymers can be liquid, solid, or semi-solid because the monomer before the polymerization reaction is a low molecular weight compound, but it exhibits a fluid state at least when the temperature is raised. Is.
Therefore, the main component of the thermosetting polymer and the biomass-derived component are kneaded at a kneading temperature set to a temperature lower than the curing temperature.

Among these thermosetting polymers, the alkyd resin is a synthetic polymer formed by condensation polymerization of a polyhydric alcohol and a polybasic acid, and this polybasic acid is formed on the surface of the biomass-derived component during kneading. An ester bond is also formed with a hydroxy group (—OH). For this reason, since the affinity of the interface between the synthetic polymer and the biomass-derived component becomes good, a fine and uniform dispersion structure can be obtained.
Examples of such polyhydric alcohols include propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and the like.
Examples of the polybasic acid include phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and adipic acid.
Examples of the curing agent include organic peroxides (benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, etc.).

  Further, an epoxide may be adopted instead of the polyhydric alcohol. In this case, when the epoxide is kneaded, the three-membered ring is cleaved and surrounding water molecules are added to form a divalent polyhydric alcohol, and the alkyd resin similar to the above case is synthesized. Further, the unreacted epoxide at the time of kneading is then subjected to ring-opening polymerization of the three-membered ring to become an epoxy resin when the molding temperature is set to a curing temperature.

As the timing of adding the polybasic acid in the kneading step, it is preferable to prioritize the chemical reaction (esterification) with the surface of the biomass-derived component prior to the addition of the polyhydric alcohol (or epoxide). This is because the surface of the biomass-derived component is modified, and further improvement in affinity for the synthetic polymer can be expected. In this way, after the surface modification by chemically reacting the excess water content of the biomass-derived component and a part of the polybasic acid in the previous stage of the kneading process, the remainder of the polybasic acid and the polyhydric alcohol (or epoxide) And knead.
The timing for adding the curing agent may be in the first half or the second half of the kneading step and before or after the dehydration step, but the optimum condition is experimentally derived.

  What can be adopted as the wax is an organic compound that is solid at room temperature, melts at a lower temperature than the main component of the synthetic polymer, and has a low viscosity when heated. The wax (C) is extracted from a natural product or is industrially synthesized, but the main chain of the chain hydrocarbon in the organic compound has 10 to 100 carbon atoms. It is desirable to be included in the range.

  In the kneading step, the wax is melted prior to the main component of the synthetic polymer to form a mixed liquid phase with water. For this reason, the viscosity of the kneaded product is reduced, the burden on the kneading means 50 is reduced, and the kneadability is improved. Furthermore, the previously melted wax is adsorbed on the biomass-derived component, and this biomass-derived component is promoted to diffuse into the melt of the main component of the synthetic polymer.

When this carbon number is less than 10, the melted wax is easily vaporized at the kneading temperature, and is discharged to the outside together with water in the dehydration process.
On the other hand, when the number of carbon atoms is larger than 100, the viscosity of the melted wax increases, and it becomes difficult to form a mixed liquid phase with water, which cannot contribute to improvement of kneadability.

Among the waxes, those extracted from natural products include saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acid is a monovalent carboxylic acid of a chain hydrocarbon, and is a compound represented by the formula of CH ₃ (CH ₂ ) _n COOH. The above is preferable.

In this saturated fatty acid, the carboxyl group (COOH) located at the terminal is a hydrophilic group, and the chain hydrocarbon portion (CH ₃ (CH ₂ ) _n ) is a hydrophobic group (lipophilic group).
For this reason, the melted saturated fatty acid tends to form a mixed liquid phase with water because its hydrophobic group is the center and the hydrophilic group faces outward to form an interface with water. Further, in the mixed liquid phase with water, the saturated fatty acid forms spherical micelles, and thus has a characteristic that it is difficult to be discharged outside along with water in the dehydration step.

The spherical micelles of saturated fatty acids in the mixed liquid phase with water are refined by kneading and uniformly diffused throughout the kneaded product. When the carboxyl group (COOH) of the saturated fatty acid located on the surface of the spherical micelle comes into contact with the biomass-derived component, it chemically bonds (chemically adsorbs) with the hydrosyl group (OH) on the surface through an ester reaction.
By such a chemical reaction, the surface of the biomass-derived component is chemically modified with a saturated fatty acid, the hydrophilicity is eliminated, and the lipophilicity is improved. Thereby, the biomass-derived component has an advantageous property that it is easy to diffuse into the continuous phase of the main component of the synthetic polymer.

Meanwhile, industrially synthesized waxes include olefin resins (particularly propylene-based and ethylene-based) polymerized by a single site catalyst typified by a metallocene catalyst.
Specific examples include homopolymers of propylene or ethylene monomers, and copolymers of these monomers and α-olefins. Examples of the α-olefin include ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, and the copolymer is a block copolymer. Any of a random copolymer and a random block copolymer may be used.
The wax may be used by mixing two or more kinds of the above-mentioned organic compounds.

The olefin resin wax polymerized by the single-site catalyst has a uniform distribution of side chain branching, molecular weight, and crystal grain size compared to the case of a multi-site catalyst typified by a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.
Olefin resin wax polymerized with a single-site catalyst has a lower melt viscosity despite its higher molecular weight than natural wax, thus maintaining good kneadability and efficiently draining water during the dehydration process To contribute.

The blending amount of these waxes is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the synthetic polymer and the biomass-derived component.
When the blending amount of the wax is less than 1 part by weight, the effect of improving kneadability is not recognized, and the efficient draining effect of water in the dehydration process is not recognized.
On the other hand, when the blending amount of the wax is more than 20 parts by weight, the average molecular weight of the produced polymer composite material is lowered, and the mechanical properties of the molded product are lowered.

What can be used as an excess hydrate of biomass-derived components is a simple process that removes raw rice, core and skin that have been soaked in water for a specified period of time, and then sized and chopped appropriately. And starch-based grains such as corn, potato, and sweet potato.
When these starch-based grains are placed at a general kneading temperature Tz (100 to 200 ° C.) in the presence of a predetermined amount or more of water, gelatinization occurs in which water molecules enter and the crystal structure collapses. Since the gelatinized starch (biomass-derived component) is freed from the binding of hydrogen bonds between the molecular chains, it has the property of being easily and finely dispersed in the molten thermoplastic polymer. It will be.
Further, as described above, if the pouring means 12 is provided with the water pouring means, these starch-based grains are thrown into the manufacturing apparatus 10 and at the same time water pouring to supply water necessary for gelatinizing the starch is appropriately performed. In some cases, excess water content may be adjusted.

  Next, as what can be adopted as an excess hydrate of biomass-derived components, lignocellulose or plant-based biomass mainly composed of cellulose, chitin-based biomass such as straw moth and straw moth, etc. are finely submerged in water. Suspensions obtained by the conversion are mentioned. Such a suspension can be formed by performing chemical treatment in addition to the case where the biomass is physically pulverized in water using a high-pressure homogenizer as described in Patent Document 2 described above. Here, the excess hydrated substance refers to the biomass itself inherently containing moisture in addition to the one that is artificially added to the biomass as described above, and the moisture that is finally dehydrated in the kneading process. Anything that contains is eligible.

For example, when wood is used as biomass, a pretreatment for mechanically pulverizing the wood may be performed to form a granular or chip shape having a maximum diameter of several millimeters. Of course, wood can be appropriately adopted even if it is an aggregate of fine particles having a size smaller than that. In addition, the aggregate of such fine particles includes a fibrous body extracted from biomass through a chemical process.
These fine powders of wood can be said to be an excess water-containing material containing moisture of several tens wt% to several tens wt% due to the hygroscopic action without artificially adding water. Such a fine powder of wood (or rice bran etc.) can be put into the production apparatus 10 as it is without passing through a special process such as a drying process.
Thus, the effect that the biomass has the maximum diameter of about several mm is that when the biomass material is input from the input means 12 to the manufacturing apparatus 10 even when the water content is large. , Clogging is avoided.

On the other hand, when the biomass is an aggregate of fine particles having a size smaller than that and the water content due to moisture absorption is large and the charging means 12 is clogged, conversely, the aggregate is artificially impregnated with water and contained. This clogging can be avoided by further increasing the amount of water.
In this way, by further impregnating the excess water content of biomass that originally contains moisture with water, the handling of aggregates of fine particles that are likely to be scattered is simplified and produced in addition to the effect of avoiding clogging as described above. The effect of improving efficiency is obtained.
Further, the aggregate of fine particles is kneaded with the synthetic polymer after the air contained therein is replaced with water. As a result, the produced polymer composite material has the effect that the remaining bubbles are reduced and the number of defects is reduced.

In addition, a compatibilizing agent that improves the compatibility between the synthetic polymer and the biomass-derived component may be further fed into the charging means 12. As this compatibilizer, for example, a saturated carboxylic acid, an unsaturated carboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof is used. A synthetic polymer modified with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof can also be used.
In addition, it is also possible to add silica or a fibrous substance, regardless of inorganic or organic substances, and finely disperse these additive components in the polymer composite material.

  The cylinder 13 has the raw material input section A including the input means 12 as the uppermost stream and the portion including the take-out means 17 as the most downstream, and at least a kneading section B and a dewatering section C (C1, C1) between this uppermost stream and the most downstream. C2, C3) and re-pressurization section D. In addition, a heater (not shown) is provided around the cylinder 13 for setting the interior thereof to the kneading temperature Tz (see FIG. 1C).

  The kneading section B is a section in which the synthetic polymer main ingredient, the biomass-derived excess water content, and the compatibilizing agent, which are input from the input means 12, are kneaded at a predetermined pressure and a kneading temperature Tz. As a result, the biomass-derived component is refined in the kneaded product, and chemically reacted with the compatibilizer as appropriate, thereby giving affinity to the synthetic polymer and being uniformly dispersed in the kneaded product.

The dewatering section C can be further classified into a pressure dewatering section C1, a normal pressure dewatering section C2, and a vacuum dewatering section C3, each of which includes at least one dehydrating means 40 (see FIG. 1B). Is provided.
Here, in the pressure dehydration section C1, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), the moisture contained in the kneaded material is lower than the saturated vapor pressure Pz at the kneading temperature Tz and higher than the atmospheric pressure P0. It is a part which dehydrates with Pa and Pb.
By performing dehydration treatment at such set pressures Pa and Pb, the kneaded product is further kneaded while gradually reducing the water content rather than abruptly. As a result, the biomass-derived components that are refined and dispersed in the kneaded product are further refined and dispersed while suppressing reaggregation.

  The atmospheric pressure dewatering section C2 is a portion that dehydrates the moisture contained in the kneaded material that has passed through the pressure dewatering section C1 with set pressures Pc and Pd close to the atmospheric pressure P0, as shown in FIG. 1 (c). . By performing the dehydration treatment at such set pressures Pc and Pd, the kneaded material having a reduced water content is further kneaded while gradually reducing the water content. As a result, the biomass-derived components that are refined and dispersed in the kneaded product are further refined and dispersed while suppressing reaggregation.

In the reduced pressure dewatering section C3, the water contained in the kneaded material that has passed through the normal pressure dewatering section C2 is dehydrated at a set pressure Pe lower than the atmospheric pressure P0 by the forced pressure reducing device 30 as shown in FIG. 1 (c). Part. By dehydrating at such a set pressure Pe, most of the water contained in the kneaded product is removed.
The vacuum trap 31 connected to the decompression dewatering section C3 cools the vaporized vapor back to a liquid, prevents high-temperature saturated steam from entering the forced decompression device 30 and suppresses deterioration thereof. Is.
In this way, in the dehydration section C, the pressure applied to the kneaded product is stepped down from the saturated vapor pressure Pz at the kneading temperature Tz in steps to dehydrate, thereby suppressing the re-aggregation of biomass-derived components while maintaining the fineness. And dispersion can be promoted.

  The re-pressurization section D is a part that continuously kneads the kneaded product after the dehydration treatment and applies a pressure necessary to re-pressurize and take out from the take-out means 17. As a result, the polymer composite melt in which the biomass-derived component is finely dispersed is taken out from the take-out means 17.

  The screw 15 is formed with a spiral flight 16 around its axis. By rotating the shaft 15, the flight 16 applies pressure to move the kneaded material from the upstream side to the downstream side of the cylinder 13. Extrude.

The dehydrating means 40 includes a filter plate 41, a blocking wall 42, and a pressure adjusting means 45, as shown in the partial cross-sectional view of FIG.
The dehydrating means 40 configured in this way is set to any set pressure Px (x = a, b, c, d, lower than the saturated vapor pressure Pz at the kneading temperature Tz and higher than the atmospheric pressure P0 by the pressure adjusting means 45. e) is applied to the kneaded material in the cylinder 13. Thereby, the dehydrating means 40 can dehydrate the water contained in the kneaded material gradually rather than suddenly.

  The filter plate 41 is disposed so as to close an opening provided on the wall surface of the cylinder 13, separates the inside of the cylinder 13 and the outside thereof, and selectively filters water contained in the kneaded material. As such a configuration of the filter plate 41, there can be cited a configuration in which a large number of holes are provided on the plate surface and the plate surface is fixed along the inner wall surface of the cylinder 13.

  The blocking wall 42 forms a vaporization space V for vaporizing the water filtered by the filter plate 41 and blocks the vaporization space V from the atmosphere. As such a configuration of the blocking wall 42, the bottomed container is fixed so that the opening and the opening provided in the cylinder 13 substantially coincide with each other, and further, the filter plate 41 is contacted so as to be fixed. Things.

The pressure adjusting means 45 is a pressure gauge 43 that measures the atmospheric pressure of the vaporization space V, and a throttle that variably applies a flow resistance to gas (water vapor) that is released from the vaporization space V through the blocking wall 42 to the atmosphere side. The valve 44 is configured to set the atmospheric pressure of the vaporization space V to a predetermined set pressure Px (x = a, b, c, d, e).
By appropriately adjusting the throttle amount of the throttle valve 44, the atmospheric pressure in the vaporization space V can be set to any value between the saturated vapor pressure Pz and the atmospheric pressure P0 at the kneading temperature Tz. That is, if the throttle valve 44 is completely closed, the atmospheric pressure in the vaporization space V is set to the saturated vapor pressure Pz, and if the throttle valve 44 is completely opened, the atmospheric pressure P0 is set. Furthermore, it can connect with the correction pressure reduction apparatus 30, and can set the atmospheric pressure of the vaporization space V to atmospheric pressure P0 or less.

The pressure adjusting means 45 is such that the set pressure Px of the plurality of dehydrating means 40 provided in the cylinder 13 is set so small that it approaches the take-out means 17 (Pa>Pb> Pc). As described above, it is desirable to suppress the reaggregation of biomass-derived components.
The set pressure Px is appropriately set so that moisture is preferentially discharged so that the charged liquid reagent is not vaporized and discharged.
And the kneaded material extruded from the taking-out means 17 by making the thing located in the most downstream among the dehydrating means 40 provided in the cylinder 13 into the set pressure Pe (P0> Pe) lower than the atmospheric pressure P0. The dehydration of can be made more complete.

(Explanation of operation of manufacturing equipment)
Next, the operation of the manufacturing apparatus 10 and the function of the dehydrating means 40 will be described with reference to FIG. 1 (a), FIG. 1 (b), and FIG.
Synthetic polymer main ingredient, biomass-derived excess water content and other necessary components (wax, compatibilizer, etc.) are introduced into the production apparatus 10 through the input means 12 and kneading means at the set kneading temperature. 50. Then, the activated water enters between the molecular chains of the biomass and loosens the intermolecular bonds. Furthermore, biomass is cleaved and refined by mechanical energy imparted by kneading.

  Furthermore, the melted wax forms a mixed liquid phase with water and lowers the viscosity of the entire kneaded product, improves the kneadability and adsorbs to the surface of the biomass-derived component. In addition, other compounds having a carboxyl group (compatibilizer, fatty acid, polybasic acid, etc.) are converted into hydrosil groups (R ′) on the surface of the biomass-derived component (R ′) by a dehydration reaction (ester reaction) shown in the following formula (3). OH) is substituted with a substituent having an ester bond. As a result, the hydrophilicity of the biomass-derived component is lowered and the bond with moisture is weakened, and efficient dehydration is realized in the next dehydration step.

The kneaded material that has reached the dehydrating means 40a located at the uppermost stream among those provided in the cylinder 13 is pressed against the filter plate 41 by the pressure applied from the screw 15, and the contained water is selectively contained in the filter plate. It passes through 41 and accumulates in the vaporization space V. The moisture accumulated in the vaporization space V is at the kneading temperature Tz, and the accumulated moisture is vaporized in the vaporization space V set to a pressure Pa lower than the saturated vapor pressure Pz. The vaporized water (water vapor) passes through the throttle valve 44 of the pressure adjusting means 45 and is released to the atmosphere.
In this dehydrating means 40a, since the differential pressure between the set pressure Pa and the atmospheric pressure P0 is small, the kneaded product is not dehydrated rapidly, and the downstream dehydration is performed while the water content is reduced and kneaded. Extruded by means 40b.

Similarly, in the next dehydrating unit 40b, the water accumulated in the vaporization space V set to a pressure Pb lower than the saturated vapor pressure Pz is vaporized and released to the atmosphere.
Hereinafter, the same operation is repeated in the dewatering means 40 (40c, 40d, 40e) provided on the downstream side in this way, and the kneaded material is kneaded while gradually dewatering step by step. Reaggregation of biomass-derived components will be suppressed.

The kneaded product that has been dehydrated is taken out from the take-out means 17 as a polymer composite material in which the biomass-derived components are dispersed, and is also granulated with rice pellets (polymer composite material) by a pelletizer (not shown). Composition).
This pellet is reheated and melted, and then poured into a mold to form a bulk molded product, or stretched (eg, inflation method, calendering method, T-die method, blowing method, etc.) It can be applied as a raw material for producing a general polymer processed molded product by forming a foamed molded product by foaming or forming a foamed molded product.
In this manner, such a molded product may be directly manufactured from a polymer composite material extruded from the take-out means 17 without going through pellet molding.

  The above embodiment is an example for explaining the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the gist of the invention. For example, the manufacturing apparatus 10 may not particularly need to provide the normal pressure dewatering section C2 and the vacuum dewatering section C3 as long as the pressure dewatering section C1 is provided. This is because it can be sufficiently confirmed that the water can be sufficiently dehydrated (vaporized) at a kneading temperature Tz at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure P0 from the water phase diagram of FIG. It is.

Further, the illustrated sections (A, B, C1, C2, C3, D) of the cylinder 13 are examples, and other sections are provided between these sections (for example, the atmospheric pressure dehydration section C2 and the section). It is possible to appropriately provide a kneading zone B between the vacuum dewatering zone C3 and a plurality of raw material charging zones A).
Such other specific application examples will be exemplified. From the charging means 12, biomass (pulverized wood or untreated raw material such as straw) and a compatibilizing agent are charged and kneaded in the first raw material charging section A. In the raw material charging section A, the biomass is further pulverized to form fine particles, and a compatibilizing agent is adsorbed on the surface thereof, thereby improving the affinity for a synthetic polymer to be charged later.

Next, in a second raw material charging section (not shown), a synthetic polymer main ingredient and other necessary reagents are charged and kneaded with biomass. Thereby, the biomass-derived component is finely and uniformly dispersed in the continuous phase of the synthetic polymer.
As a configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 10, when the dewatering sections C1, C2, and C3 are located in an intermediate process between the first raw material charging section A and the second raw material charging section (not shown), the second raw material charging is performed. Any case where it is located in a subsequent process of a section (not shown) can be taken. Furthermore, it can take also when the kneading | mixing area B is added in the middle of arbitrary sections.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the polymer composite material manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the longitudinal sectional view shown in FIG. In FIG. 2A, the same or corresponding parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the detailed description is omitted by using the already described description.

The production apparatus 10 ′ of the second embodiment is used when an excessively hydrated biomass-derived component used as a raw material for the polymer composite material has a high water content such as a suspension and a high fluidity. Appropriate.
A characteristic configuration in such a manufacturing apparatus 10 ′ is to employ a press-fitting means 20 for press-fitting the excess water-containing material of biomass-derived components into the cylinder 13 and a screw 15 ′ whose shaft diameter is changed. It is in. In the section in which the raw material of the polymer composite material is charged, the main agent charging section A1 in which the synthetic polymer main agent is charged and the suspension of the excess hydrous material of biomass-derived components provided downstream thereof are charged. The suspension is divided into suspension input sections A2.

The press-fitting means 20 is connected through the inlet 14 provided in the suspension charging section A2 of the cylinder 13, and includes a liquid reservoir 21 filled with an excess water-containing material derived from biomass, A motor 22 that provides a driving force for injecting the excess water content of the biomass-derived component from the liquid reservoir 21 into the cylinder 13, a check valve 24 for preventing the backflow of the excess water content of the biomass-derived component to be injected, and the cylinder 13 And a throttle valve 25 for adjusting the injection amount of the excess hydrated biomass-derived component to be injected into the tank.
The inside of the cylinder 13 in the vicinity of the inlet 14 is in a state where the kneaded product of the synthetic polymer is pressurized, so that the press-fitting means 20 removes the excess water content of the biomass-derived component at a pressure higher than that. It is necessary to press fit. Further, the press-fitting means 20 may be appropriately provided with a heating means for heating the excess water-containing material so that the press-fitted excessive water-containing material does not lower the temperature of the kneaded product.

  If such an excessively hydrated biomass-derived component is mixed with a synthetic polymer and charged into the cylinder 13 as in the production apparatus 10 of the first embodiment, both inside the charging means 12. However, it is feared that the mixing ratio of the biomass-derived component varies and unevenness of the mixing ratio occurs in the kneaded product. However, as in the manufacturing apparatus 10 ′ of the second embodiment, the biomass-derived component is always uniformly distributed at a constant ratio by press-fitting an excessively hydrated biomass-derived component from the inlet 14 provided on the downstream side. Can be charged into the kneaded product.

And what is press-fitted from the press-fitting means 20 is not limited to the above-mentioned excess hydrous material of biomass-derived components, for example, as described above, kneading such as polybasic acid, polyhydric alcohol, organic peroxide Various liquid reagents to be blended in the process may be injected.
Further, the press-fitting means 20 is not limited to a single arrangement as shown in FIG. 2, and a plurality of press-fitting means 20 may be arranged depending on the purpose, and the arrangement position is also arranged upstream of the dehydrating means 40. It is not limited to this, and it may be arranged downstream thereof. This is because it may be desirable to press the liquid reagent as described above into the kneaded product after sufficient dehydration.

  Next, the screw 15 'has a shaft diameter larger than that of the upstream side at the installation site of the dehydrating means 40 (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) provided in the pressure dewatering section C1 or the normal pressure dewatering section C2. It is formed in the diameter. By configuring the screw 15 ′ in this way, the kneaded product is further pressurized from the upstream side, and even if the contained water is removed and the volume of the kneaded product is reduced, the kneaded product is applied to the kneaded product. The pressure is at least maintained.

  Further, the screw 15 'is formed so that its shaft diameter is smaller than that of the upstream side at the installation site of the dewatering means 40 (40e) provided in the vacuum dewatering section C3. By configuring the screw 15 ′ in this way, the pressure applied to the kneaded material from the screw 15 ′ in this section is released (depressurized), and the kneaded material is further reduced from the atmospheric pressure P0. Exposure to low pressure will promote dehydration.

  Further, the shaft diameter of the screw 15 'is larger than that of the upstream side in the re-pressurizing section D that has passed through the dewatering sections C1, C2, and C3. By configuring the screw 15 ′ in this way, the dehydrated kneaded material is re-pressurized in this section and taken out from the take-out means 17.

In the description of the second embodiment described above, the synthetic polymer main agent is introduced into the cylinder 13 from the introduction means 12, and the suspension containing the biomass-derived component is introduced into the cylinder 13 from the injection means 20. An example of input is shown.
As another application example in the second embodiment, the main component of the synthetic polymer and the starchy biomass (raw rice etc.) are thrown into the cylinder 13 from the throwing means 12, and the press-fitting means 20 is used as the water pouring means. In some cases, water is poured into the cylinder 13.
In this case, the press-fitting means 20 can be a general hot water supply means having a function of adjusting the flow rate and temperature. And starchy biomass (raw rice etc.) gelatinizes, after knead | mixing with the main ingredient of a synthetic polymer, absorbing the injected water and becoming an excess hydrate.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the polymer composite material manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the longitudinal sectional view shown in FIG. In FIG. 2B, the same or corresponding parts as those in FIGS. 1 and 2A are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the detailed description is omitted by using the already described description.

As in the case of the second embodiment, the production apparatus 10 ″ of the third embodiment has a high water content as a suspension as an excess hydrated biomass-derived component used as a raw material for the polymer composite material. It is appropriate when adopting a highly specific one.
A characteristic configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 10 ″ is that a screw 15 ″ whose pitch of the flight 16 is changed is employed.
Thus, the pressure applied to the kneaded product increases as the pitch of the flight 16 changes narrowly toward the downstream of the screw 15, and conversely, the pressure applied to the kneaded product decreases as the pitch changes widely.

Therefore, the screw 15 ″ is formed so that the pitch of the flights 16 is narrower than that of the upstream side at the installation site of the dehydrating means 40 (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) provided in the pressure dewatering section C1 or the normal pressure dewatering section C2. The screw 15 ″ is formed so that the pitch of the flights 16 is wider than that of the upstream side at the installation site of the dewatering means 40 (40e) provided in the vacuum dewatering section C3.
By configuring the screw 15 ″ in this way, the kneaded product is pressurized or depressurized at the position where the dehydrating means 40 is provided in the same manner as in the second embodiment, and the dehydration is performed. Will be promoted step by step.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the polymer composite material manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to a sectional view shown in FIG. The manufacturing apparatus 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a continuous type in which the raw material charging process, the kneading process, and the kneaded product taking process proceed simultaneously without being cut off, and continuously produce a polymer composite material. Met. On the other hand, the manufacturing apparatus 60 according to the fourth embodiment is of a batch type in which the raw material charging step, the kneading step, and the kneaded material taking-out step are repeated in order and the polymer composite material is intermittently manufactured. .

The manufacturing apparatus 60 includes an input unit 12 (hopper), a kneading unit 62, and a dehydrating unit 40. Here, the kneading means 62 includes a driving means (not shown), a casing 63, and a rotor 65.
3A to 3C are cross-sectional views orthogonal to the rotation axis of the rotor 65, and differ along the longitudinal direction (including the input unit 12, the dehydrating unit 40, and the extraction unit 67, respectively). 60 is a cross-sectional view.
3 that are the same as or correspond to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the detailed description is omitted with the aid of the above description.

The kneading means 62 includes a casing 63 and a rotor 65, and is stirred and kneaded at a kneading temperature at which a synthetic polymer main ingredient, an excess water content of biomass-derived components and others are set, and finely mixed. And a uniform polymer composite material.
The casing 63 is provided with a charging means 12 for charging a synthetic polymer main ingredient and an excessively hydrated biomass-derived component, and a take-out means 67 for taking out the kneaded material to the outside.
The charging means 12 communicates with the kneading space W inside the casing 63 via the first opening / closing means 61, and when the first opening / closing means 61 is set to the “open state”, the charging height from the charging means 12 to the kneading space W is increased. Excessive water content of molecular base and biomass-derived components can be introduced. On the other hand, when the first opening / closing means 61 is in the “closed state”, the flow of gas flowing between the kneading space W and the charging means 12 is also blocked.

The take-out means 67 communicates with the kneading space W of the casing 63 through the second opening / closing means 68, and the kneaded material in the kneading space W can be taken out when the 21 opening / closing means 61 is in the “open state”. It has become. On the other hand, when the second opening / closing means 68 is set to the “closed state”, the flow of gas flowing between the kneading space W and the take-out means 67 is also blocked.
Thus, when the first opening / closing means 61 and the second opening / closing means 68 are in the “closed state”, the kneading space W becomes a sealed space, and the kneading space W is saturated vapor pressure Pz (> P0) at the set kneading temperature Tz. : Atmospheric pressure) (see FIG. 1C).

  The rotor 65 rotates in the kneading space W of the casing 63 set in a sealed space and set to the kneading temperature, and kneaded the kneaded material. This rotor 65 is illustrated in FIG. 3 in which two rotating bodies whose rotation directions are opposite to each other rotate so as to entrain the input material from the input means 12 and to push out the kneaded material to the extraction means 67. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and known ones can be applied.

As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the dehydrating means 40 is provided at the opening of the kneading space W formed in the casing 63, and adjusts the pressure of the sealed space, and the kneaded material is dehydrated by the adjusted pressure. Is to execute.
The filter plate 41 separates the kneading space W of the casing 63 from the outside and selectively filters moisture contained in the kneaded product.
The blocking wall 42 is formed with a vaporizing space V communicating with the kneading space W through the filter plate 41 and provided with a pressure adjusting means 45.
The pressure adjusting means 45 adjusts the atmospheric pressure of the kneading space W that is a sealed space and sets it to a set pressure, and includes a pressure gauge 43 and a throttle valve 44.

The dehydrating means 40 in FIG. 3B is the same as that in FIG. 1B. However, in the manufacturing apparatus 60 of the present embodiment, the vaporization space V that communicates with the upper portion of the kneading space W is also provided. A configuration in which the pressure regulating means 45 is directly provided in the casing 63 without providing the filter plate 41 and the blocking wall 42 that play the same role can be taken.
Although not illustrated in FIG. 3, a configuration in which the press-fitting means 20 (see FIG. 2) is provided in the manufacturing apparatus 60 can be taken.

(Explanation of operation of manufacturing equipment)
Next, the operation of the manufacturing apparatus 60 will be described with reference to FIG.
The first opening / closing means 61 is set to the “open state”, the second opening / closing means 68 is set to the “closed state”, and the synthetic polymer main component, the excess water content of biomass-derived components and other necessary components (waxes) are placed inside the manufacturing apparatus 60. , Etc.) are introduced through the introduction means 12. Then, the first opening / closing means 61 is set to the “closed state”, and the charged material is set to the kneading temperature and kneaded by the kneading means 62.

Then, when appropriate, the pressure adjusting means 45 is operated to release the water in the kneading space W into water vapor, or to discharge the liquid reagent from the press-fitting means 20 (see FIG. 2) (not shown). Further, if necessary, the kneading space W is depressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the forced depressurization apparatus 30 (see FIG. 1A), and the dehydration is completed.
Next, the second opening / closing means 68 is set to the “open state”, and the kneaded material in the kneading space W is taken out from the take-out means 67. The polymer composite material is mass-produced by repeating the above steps.

  As the main component of the synthetic polymer kneaded by the polymer composite material manufacturing apparatus 10, 10 ′, 10 ″, 60 described above, either a thermoplastic polymer or a thermosetting polymer can be applied. In addition, with respect to the reagents (including thermosetting polymer curing agents) that are appropriately added to the main component of these synthetic polymers, those known in terms of type, properties, and addition method can be employed. Furthermore, the means for mixing such a reagent with the main agent is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, and an optimum means is adopted depending on the case.

The order of the synthetic polymer main component, biomass-derived excess water content and other necessary components (wax, compatibilizer, etc.) being charged from the charging means 12 and the timing and frequency of dehydration are also arbitrary. .
In other words, in addition to the case where all the above-mentioned components are put into one machine and kneaded and dehydrated and taken out, for example, an excess water content of a biomass-derived component and a compatibilizer are added in advance, kneaded and dehydrated, and then synthesized. It is also possible to take out the kneaded product by adding a polymer main ingredient and kneading.

(A) is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which follows the rotating shaft which shows 1st Embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus of the polymer composite material which concerns on this invention, (b) is a fragmentary sectional view which expands and shows the part of the dehydration means. (C) is a state diagram of water used for explaining the function of the dehydrating means. (A) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the rotating shaft which shows 2nd Embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus of the polymeric composite material which concerns on this invention, (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the rotating shaft which shows 3rd Embodiment. is there. (A)-(c) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view orthogonal to the rotating shaft of the manufacturing apparatus of the polymeric composite material which shows 4th Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

10, 10 ', 10 ", 60 Manufacturing equipment 12 Hopper (loading means)
13 cylinder 14 inlet 15, 15 ′, 15 ″ screw 16 flight 17 take-out means 20 press-fit means 30 forced pressure reducing device 40 (40 a, 40 b, 40 c, 40 d, 40 e) dewatering means 41 filter plate 42 blocking wall 45 pressure-control means 50 , 62 Kneading means 63 Casing 65 Rotor 67 Extraction means 61, 68 Opening / closing means A Raw material input section B Kneading section C1 Pressure dehydration section (dehydration section)
C2 normal pressure dehydration section (dehydration section)
C3 vacuum dewatering section (dehydration section)
D Repressurization section P0 Atmospheric pressure Pz Saturated vapor pressure at kneading temperature Px (Pa, Pb, Pc, Pd, Pe) Set pressure Tz Kneading temperature V Vaporization space W Kneading space (sealed space)

Claims (18)

In a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a polymer composite material in which a synthetic polymer and a biomass-derived component are mixed ,
A kneading means for kneading the kneaded material containing at least the excess water-containing biomass-derived component at a set kneading temperature;
A dehydrating means for dehydrating the kneaded material at a set pressure lower than the saturated vapor pressure at the kneading temperature and higher than the atmospheric pressure;
An apparatus for producing a polymer composite material, comprising: take-out means for taking out the dehydrated kneaded product. In the manufacturing apparatus which manufactures the polymer composite material of Claim 1,
The kneading means includes
A cylinder in which an input means for supplying an excess water content of the main component of the synthetic polymer and the biomass-derived component is provided on the upstream side, and the take-out means is provided on the downstream side;
A screw that rotates inside the cylinder that is set to the kneading temperature and pushes the kneaded material from the input means toward the take-out means,
The dehydrating means includes
A filter plate for selectively filtering water content that is part of the kneaded product with separate internal and external to the cylinder,
A blocking wall for blocking the air to form a vaporizing space to vaporize the water content that has been filtered by the filtration plate,
An apparatus for producing a polymer composite material, comprising pressure adjusting means for setting the pressure in the vaporization space to the set pressure. The apparatus for producing a polymer composite material according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the dehydrating means are provided for the cylinder.
The apparatus for producing a polymer composite material, wherein the set pressures of the plurality of dehydrating means are set to be smaller as they become closer to the take-out means.   4. The apparatus for producing a polymer composite material according to claim 3, wherein a set pressure of the dehydrating unit closest to the take-out unit can be set lower than an atmospheric pressure. The apparatus for producing a polymer composite material according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the kneaded material in a portion where the dewatering means is provided is configured to be pressurized from the upstream side. Manufacturing equipment for polymer composites.   5. The apparatus for producing a polymer composite material according to claim 4, wherein the kneaded material in a portion where the dehydrating means set to a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure is decompressed from the upstream side. An apparatus for producing a polymer composite material.   7. The apparatus for producing a polymer composite material according to claim 5, wherein the pressurizing or the decompressing configuration is performed by changing a shaft diameter of the screw. apparatus.   The polymer composite material manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the pressurizing or depressurizing configuration changes a pitch of a flight provided in the screw. Composite material production equipment. The polymer composite material manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the excess water-containing material, liquid reagent, or water is press-fitted from a press-fitting unit provided downstream of the charging unit. An apparatus for producing a polymer composite material. In the manufacturing apparatus which manufactures the polymer composite material of Claim 1,
The kneading means includes
A casing provided with a charging means for charging the main component of the synthetic polymer and an excess water content of the biomass-derived component, and the extraction means;
A rotor that rotates in the casing set in the sealed space and set to the kneading temperature, and kneads the kneaded product,
The dehydrating means includes
An apparatus for producing a polymer composite material, comprising pressure adjusting means for setting the pressure in the sealed space to the set pressure. In the manufacturing apparatus which manufactures the polymer composite material of Claim 10,
A filter plate that separates the inside and outside of the casing and selectively filters moisture contained in the kneaded product;
An apparatus for producing a polymer composite material, comprising: a vaporization space communicating with the sealed space through the filter plate, and a blocking wall provided with the pressure adjusting means. The apparatus for producing a polymer composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
An apparatus for producing a polymer composite material, wherein a thermoplastic polymer is applied as the synthetic polymer . The apparatus for producing a polymer composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
Apparatus for manufacturing a polymer composite material characterized in der Rukoto those thermoset polymeric is applied as the synthetic polymer. In a production method for producing a polymer composite material obtained by mixing a synthetic polymer and a biomass-derived component ,
A kneading step of kneading a kneaded material containing at least an excess hydrate of the biomass-derived component at a set kneading temperature;
A dehydration step of dehydrating the kneaded material at a set pressure lower than the saturated vapor pressure at the kneading temperature and higher than the atmospheric pressure;
A method for producing a polymer composite material, comprising a step of taking out a dehydrated kneaded product. The method for producing a polymer composite material according to claim 14,
The biomass-derived component be derived from starch based biomass, method for producing a polymer composite material which comprises a water injection step of injection of the to that of water the starch based biomass into an excess hydrous substance. The method for producing a polymer composite material according to claim 14,
The biomass origin component is a obtained by mechanically micronized biomass, method for producing the polymer composite material comprising a hydrated step of over-Retained moisture product impregnated with water to the aggregate. The method for producing a polymer composite material according to any one of claims 14 to 16,
A wax blending step of blending 1 to 20 parts by weight of a wax having a main chain of chain hydrocarbons in the range of 10 to 100 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the synthetic polymer and the biomass-derived component. A method for producing a polymer composite material, comprising: The method for producing a polymer composite material according to any one of claims 14 to 17,
In the kneading step, the biomass-derived component excess water content and a compatibilizing agent are kneaded,
A method for producing a polymer composite material, wherein the synthetic polymer main ingredient is mixed and further kneaded after the dehydration step.

Images