JP4648977B2 - 高温用途のハロゲン化物捕捉剤 - Google Patents
高温用途のハロゲン化物捕捉剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4648977B2 JP4648977B2 JP2008541209A JP2008541209A JP4648977B2 JP 4648977 B2 JP4648977 B2 JP 4648977B2 JP 2008541209 A JP2008541209 A JP 2008541209A JP 2008541209 A JP2008541209 A JP 2008541209A JP 4648977 B2 JP4648977 B2 JP 4648977B2
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- Prior art keywords
- alumina
- adsorbent
- sesquicarbonate
- carbonate
- hcl
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- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 title description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940071207 sesquicarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018516 Al—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001625808 Trona Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VCNTUJWBXWAWEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J aluminum;sodium;dicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O VCNTUJWBXWAWEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- HFNQLYDPNAZRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O HFNQLYDPNAZRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001647 dawsonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000892 gravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000043 hydrogen iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010448 nahcolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D53/685—Halogens or halogen compounds by treating the gases with solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28011—Other properties, e.g. density, crush strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/003—Specific sorbent material, not covered by C10G25/02 or C10G25/03
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2251/606—Carbonates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/104—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
Description
本発明は、ハロゲン化物捕捉剤(halide scavengers)、ならびにガス流および液流の処理へのそれらの使用に関する。さらに詳細には、本発明は、特に合成ガスの製造において、高温のガス流および液流から、吸着剤(吸収剤または収着剤ともいう;sorbent)を用いてHClを除去する方法に関する。
本発明に従い調製した複合吸着剤(複合吸収剤あるいは複合収着剤ともいう;composite sorbents)は、活性成分の高い含有量と共に、高いBET表面積および多孔度を示す低価格材料であるため、従来技術よりも際立って有利である。こうした特性は、ガス流および液流の両方からのHClの除去における高い動的能力という形に変換される。さらなる利点は、従来の他のいくつかの吸着剤(吸収剤または収着剤)と比べ本発明の吸着剤(吸収剤または収着剤)は、成形プロセスにおいて、混合物に別のバインダーを添加する必要がないことである。こうした吸着剤(吸収剤または収着剤)は、主流に対し低い反応性を有すると共に、未使用および使用済みの両状態において十分な機械的安定性を有する。本発明は吸着剤(adsorbent)を作製する方法と、この吸着剤で行うことのできる使用を含む。吸着剤を調製する一方法は、少なくとも1種のアルミナ化合物と固体金属炭酸塩とを混合するステップと、その混合物上に水を加えるかまたは噴霧するステップとを含む。本発明の実施に際して、「炭酸塩」という用語は、重炭酸塩または塩基性炭酸塩を含めたCO3部分を含有する無機化合物を含む。その後、その混合物を周囲条件で放置し、硬化させるか、または材料を反応させるのに十分に長い時間、25℃〜150℃の間の高温で維持する。反応時間と温度の適切な組合せは、当業者であれば容易に決定することができる。上述の範囲内の低い温度ほど、長い時間が必要である。さらに、本発明の実施に際して、硬化段階の後に、第2の熱処理段階が続く。反応性硬化であるこの熱処理において、第1の段階において形成された材料を使用して、高温用途でHClを捕捉するのに有用な反応種を生成するには、250℃〜500℃の間の温度が必要である。好ましくは、温度は320℃〜480℃の間である。吸着剤(吸収剤または収着剤)は、50〜200m2/gのBET表面積を有し、通常10〜25質量%のNa2Oを含む。特に有用な炭酸塩は、セスキ炭酸塩である。金属炭酸塩中の金属は、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム、亜鉛、ニッケル、鉄またはマンガンであってよい。当業者に既知であるような他の金属を使用してもよい。
本発明の反応性複合吸着剤(吸収剤または収着剤)を製造するためには、少なくとも2種の固体および1種の液体の成分が必要である。少なくとも1種の炭酸塩粉末および少なくとも1種のアルミナ粉末は固体成分をなし、水または少なくとも1種の塩の水溶液は液体成分である。
4脚の回転パン装置を成形装置として使用して、連続して0.227kg(0.5 lbs)〜0.272kg(0.6 lbs)/分のT−200(登録商標)粉末と、0.408kg(0.9 lbs)〜0.544kg(1.2 lbs)/分のA−300アルミナ粉末と、0.136kg(0.3 lbs)〜0.318kg(0.7 lbs)/分の水を供給した。成形プロセスを開始する前に、いくらかの粒状アルミナをパンの中に入れ、シード剤として働かせた。生成物のビーズを集め、周囲条件で1晩硬化した。次いで、5×8のメッシュ分級物を空気循環式オーブン内で、400℃で活性化した。試料1、2、3と標識したこれらの試料を供給速度および成形条件を変えることによって製造した。団粒化液として、水の代わりに酢酸ナトリウム溶液を使用することにより、4と標識した試料をもう1つ追加して製造した。表2は使用した全ての試料の、選択した特性の一覧表である。
本発明に従い調製した試料のHCl除去能力は、まず8つのガラス製バネ秤が付いたガラス製マニホールドからなるMcBain装置で測定した。これらコンパートメントはそれぞれ個別に加熱できる一方、小さな籠の中に入って秤に付いている全ての試料は、取り出すことができ、最長24時間までの時間、5トールのHCl圧に曝した。次いで、HClの取込みにより増加した重量を測った。圧力制御装置によって、この実験中、気圧を一定に維持し、消費したHClは即時補給した。最後に、McBain装置からの使用済み試料を分析して、保持されたCl量を求めた。
実施例2のデータは、全体的に、工業用途には一般的ではない静的状態で得たものである。そこで、選ばれた試料のHCl取込み量を、流動状態での実験で比較した。55cm3の試料を、各々、管状反応器(直径2.54cm)に装入した。それに対し、流れの出口に配置したNaOH標準溶液のpH変化によって測定した、HClのブレークスルー(BT;急激な変化)が発生するまで、窒素中1容量%のHClの気体のブレンド550cm3/分を床に流した。次いで、床を純窒素でパージし、冷却して、別個の5つの床区間に分配された使用済み粒子を化学分析し、Cl負荷容量(Cl loading)を求めた。試料は、HCl吸収実験の前、少なくとも1時間の間、315℃で純窒素の中で処理した。
Claims (7)
- 酢酸ナトリウム、シュウ酸ナトリウムおよびギ酸ナトリウムからなる群から選択される金属塩を含む水溶液と一緒に、少なくとも1種のアルミナ化合物と固体金属炭酸塩とを混合することによって、混合物を形成し、
次いで前記固体金属炭酸塩および前記アルミナが硬化するのに十分な時間、前記混合物を25℃〜150℃の間の温度で加熱し、
その後250℃〜500℃の間の温度で反応性硬化を行うことによって、反応種を形成すること、
を含む、少なくとも1種のハロゲン化水素をガス流または液流から除去するための吸着剤を作製する方法。 - 前記固体金属炭酸塩がセスキ炭酸塩化合物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属が、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム、亜鉛、ニッケル、鉄およびマンガンからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アルミナおよび前記セスキ炭酸塩は、前記アルミナ/前記セスキ炭酸塩の重量比が0.8〜5の割合で存在する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤が50〜200m2/gのBET表面積を有し、10〜25質量%のNa2Oを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤を使用して少なくとも1種のハロゲン化水素をガス流または液流から除去し、前記吸着剤を70℃〜400℃の間の温度で前記ガス流または液流に接触させる、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ガス流または液流が炭化水素を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
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US11/283,949 US20070116620A1 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2005-11-21 | Halide scavengers for high temperature applications |
PCT/US2006/042992 WO2007061607A2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2006-11-02 | Halide scavengers for high temperature applications |
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KR100997990B1 (ko) | 2008-06-24 | 2010-12-03 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 최대 전력 추종 기능을 갖는 전원 장치 |
US9718747B2 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2017-08-01 | Uop Llc | Process for high temperature removal of trace chloride contaminants in a catalytic dehydrogenation process |
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AU2016229915A1 (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2017-09-21 | Purdue Research Foundation | Solid-rocket propellants |
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