JP4647888B2 - Observation method for displacement of ground, bedrock, etc. - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for observing the amount of displacement of ground, bedrock, and the like .
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a monitoring method for laying a wire on the ground to be monitored and monitoring the occurrence of a crack from the displacement of the wire to the ground or the like, for example, a method described in Patent Document 1 is known.
[0003]
In this conventional example, a wire (magnetostrictive line) in which a plurality of measurement targets are set is disposed on the rock to be monitored. Permanent magnets (measurement targets) are arranged around the magnetostrictive line at predetermined intervals, and an ultrasonic signal generated by applying a pulse signal to the magnetostrictive line is detected by a detector connected to one end of the magnetostrictive line, Detects small dimensional displacement between measurement targets.
[0004]
However, in this conventional example, it is necessary to fix a plurality of measurement targets on a surface to be monitored, which is generally steep, and there are disadvantages that work is difficult and parts are expensive.
[0005]
In addition, as a conventional example, Patent Document 1 also discloses a method of measuring the displacement of a detection wire by connecting an extension wire whose one end is fixed to a rock or the like to a detection wire of a detector fixed to the rock or the like. However, in this case as well, it is necessary to accommodate a measuring device for measuring the deflection of the detection wire in the detector, so that the apparatus becomes expensive and it is difficult to stretch the extension wire without slack, and the installation workability is also poor. There's a problem.
[0006]
Furthermore, in the above two conventional examples, since the detected displacement amount is small, when a large-scale displacement such as a rock mass crack occurs, the measurement limit is exceeded, so the occurrence of collapse or the like There is a problem that monitoring over the entire period is not possible.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-91313
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in order to eliminate the above drawbacks, and provides an observation method for the amount of displacement of the ground, rock, etc. that can be easily observed and monitored from small to large displacements of the ground, etc. The purpose is to provide.
[0009]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a displacement detector that can be used in the above observation method, and an observation system for the displacement of the ground, rock, etc. using the detector .
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, the object is
An initial tension is applied by the biasing means 2 to the wire 4 laid on the observation target surface 3 in a state of straddling the assumed displacement boundary line 3a set on the observation target surface 3 such as the ground, and the deflection amount of the biasing means 2 The pointer 1 for displaying the change in the amount of forward / backward movement is mechanically connected to the urging means 2,
Observing the amount of movement of the pointer 1 from the remote position and observing the amount of displacement of the observation target surface 3 ;
In addition to the pointer 1 and the urging means 2, a plurality of sets of a detector body 6 and a wire 4 provided with an abnormality detector 5 that changes state when the amount of movement of the pointer 1 exceeds a predetermined value is an observation target surface 3. Installed in
This is achieved by providing a method for observing the amount of displacement of the ground, bedrock, etc. that identifies the detector main body 6 to be observed according to the state of the abnormality detector 5 .
[0011]
When observing the ground, bedrock, etc., the detector main body 6 and the wires 4 are arranged on the observation target surface 3 . The detector body 6 has one end provided with a biasing means 2 which is interposed between the other end and the observation object surface 3 of the wire 4 fixed to the observation object surface 3, the deflection of the biasing means 2 The amount can be known by the movement of the pointer 1 mechanically connected to the biasing means 2 and arranged on the detector body 6.
[0012]
When there is a change in the ground or the like, the tensioning path length of the wire 4 changes, so that the urging means 2 expands or compresses. The pointer 1 moves as the amount of deflection in the biasing means 2 changes, and the movement of the pointer 1 is observed by a camera 9 or the like installed at a position separated from the observation target surface 3 . Change can be captured.
[0013]
By applying an initial tension to the wire 4 by the biasing means 2 such as a spring, it is possible to reliably prevent the wire 4 from being loosened. Further, since the occurrence of slack in the wire 4 is surely prevented, the wire 4 does not necessarily need to be arranged in a straight line. Therefore, for example, the wire 4 can be applied to an uneven observation target surface 3 and is versatile. Will improve.
[0014]
Furthermore, in the present invention in which the displacement amount of the observation target surface 3 is observed based on the deflection amount of the urging means 2, the range of the observable displacement amount is determined by the spring characteristics of the urging means 2. Therefore, it is possible to measure from a small displacement to a large displacement with only one type of detector body 6 by selecting and using a biasing means 2 that has a long elastic deformation range and does not easily sag.
[0015]
Further, since the wires 4 do not need to be arranged in a straight line as described above, for example, as shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D, the occurrence of cracks or the like in the observation target surface 3 is expected. If the specific part is folded and arranged so as to be sewn, the displacement amount can be substantially enlarged. As a result, the monitoring displacement amount can be substantially selected and changed in consideration of the characteristics of the observation target surface 3 .
[0016]
In addition, the detector main body 6 can be configured by only the urging means 2 such as a spring that applies tension to the wire 4 and the pointer 1 that displays the amount of deflection of the urging means 2. In addition, the mounting work can be easily performed only by fixing the detector main body 6 and the free end of the wire 4 and, if necessary, the direction changing means 12 such as a pulley for changing the path of the wire 4. And it becomes cheaper.
[0017]
As described above, since the detector main body 6 can be manufactured at a low cost, a large number of detector main bodies 6 can be installed on the observation target surface 3. In this case, a predetermined amount of displacement is set in each detector main body 6. By providing the abnormality detection unit 5 that changes state when it exceeds, it becomes possible to centrally monitor only the area related to the detector main body 6 that has been notified from the abnormality detection unit 5 and improve the monitoring efficiency. To do.
[0018]
To implement the above method,
A wire 4 and a detector body 6;
The detector body 6 has one end fixed to the observation target surface 3 such as the ground and the other end of the wire 4 laid on the observation target surface 3 in a state of straddling the assumed displacement boundary line 3 a set on the observation target surface 3. Urging means 2 connected to the wire 4 for applying an initial tension to the wire 4;
A pointer 1 that is mechanically coupled to the biasing means 2 and displays the amount of deflection of the biasing means 2;
In the casing 7 ,
The casing 7 is formed so that it can be observed from the outside with respect to the amount of movement of the pointer 1 .
The detector body 6 is formed by accommodating a compression coil spring 2 to which the other end of the wire 4 is connected in a casing 7, and is connected to the compression coil spring 2 through a central hollow portion of the compression coil spring 2. The wire 4 is pulled out of the casing 7 from the opposite end side,
A displacement detector 8 including an abnormality detector 5 that changes state when the amount of deflection of the compression coil spring 2 reaches a predetermined amount can be used.
[0019]
A coil spring, a leaf spring, or the like can be used as the urging means 2, and the spring specifications are determined so that the elasticity is maintained within the required displacement measurement amount.
[0020]
The casing 7 is for protecting the urging means 2 and the like from wind and rain, etc., and it is sufficient that at least the pointer 1 can be observed from the outside. For example, the whole is made of a transparent material, or only the viewing window for the display unit is a transparent material. Can be used.
[0021]
This displacement amount detector 8 is fixed to the bedrock or the like by appropriate means, and can be used to know the amount of displacement of the bedrock or the like by observing the pointer 1 with the camera 9, and preferably the camera regardless of the installation posture. 9 has an indirect portion that can be changed to a posture in which observation by 9 is possible.
[0022]
In addition, the detector main body 6 can be provided with an abnormality detection unit 5 that changes state when the amount of displacement of the biasing means 2 reaches a predetermined amount. The abnormality detection unit 5 is appropriately determined according to the detection method of the state transition in the abnormality detection unit 5, and even if the state transition of the limit switch or the like is reversible and can be restored to the original state, it is disconnected or destroyed by the state transition. It may be irreversible, such as a conducting wire that cannot be restored to its original state.
[0023]
Furthermore, these detector bodies 6 and
An observation system 10 for the amount of displacement of the ground, bedrock, etc. can be constructed with the camera 9 for observing the movement of the pointer 1 of the displacement amount detector 8 from a remote position.
[0024]
In this case, by providing the detector main body 6 with the abnormality detection unit 5, it is possible to automatically control the posture of the camera 9 by the control device 11 and to enable observation of the detector in which the abnormality is detected.
[0025]
Moreover, when each detector main body 6 is provided with a plurality of abnormality detection units 5, the controller 11 can be configured to issue an alarm based on the duration of abnormality detection.
[0026]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention configured as a disaster warning system for monitoring collapse of rocks such as slopes and upright walls, collapse of structures such as abutments and dams.
[0027]
The disaster warning system 10 includes a displacement detector 8 , a control device 11, and a camera 9 that can remotely control the imaging direction. When the disaster prediction / warning system 10 is introduced, the observation target surface 3 such as the slope is divided into appropriate monitoring zones in consideration of destruction or collapse modes, and an appropriate number of displacement detectors 8 are provided in each monitoring zone. Is placed.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 2, the displacement detector 8 includes a detector body 6 that houses a compression coil spring (biasing means 2) in a casing 7, and a wire 4 that has one end connected to the compression coil spring 2. The The casing 7 of the detector body 6 is formed in, for example, a cylindrical shape whose upper end is closed by a transparent synthetic resin material so that the pointer 1 described later can be seen from the outside, and the bottom opening is closed by the base plate 7a. As a result, the inside of the casing 7 is sealed.
[0029]
The base plate 7a is provided with a fixing portion 13 including an anchor 13a that can be fixed by being driven into a rock or the like. The fixing unit 13 includes an indirect unit 13b that allows the installation posture to be changed so that the pointer 1 can face the camera 9 even after being fixed to the observation target surface 3 . In this embodiment, the indirect portion 13b is constituted by a bolt and a nut that mutually connect L-shaped metal plates and further by the metal plate itself.
[0030]
A hollow cylindrical column 14 having a lower end fixed to the base plate 7 a is erected in the casing 7, and the compression coil spring 2 is inserted into the column 14. The compression coil spring 2 is fixed on the base plate 7a, so that the lower end is disposed as a fixed end and the upper end is a free end, and the bending direction is regulated using the inner peripheral wall of the support column 14 as a guide.
[0031]
The pointer 1 is formed on a marker plate 15 that is guided by a guide groove 14 a provided on the side wall of the column 14 and can be reciprocated in the vertical direction. The marker plate 15 is connected and fixed to the upper end of the compression coil spring 2 and moves up and down following the bending of the compression coil spring 2. Further, the scale plate 16 is fixed to the side wall of the column 14 so that the amount of movement of the pointer 1 on the marker plate 15 can be easily known.
[0032]
Further, a limit switch is attached in the casing 7 to form the abnormality detection unit 5. The limit switch 5 is a normally open type micro switch, and a signal cable 17 that is inserted through the base plate 7 a and drawn out of the casing 7 is connected to a terminal of the limit switch 5. The limit switch 5 is disposed at a position where the operation button 5a is pushed and the state is changed to the closed state when the compression coil spring 2 is deformed to a preset management threshold value. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, a slope 15 a is set at the lower end edge of the marker plate 15 so as to smoothly press down the operation button 5 a of the limit switch 5.
[0033]
On the other hand, one end of the wire 4 is connected to the upper end of the compression coil spring 2 and is drawn out of the casing 7 from the central hollow portion of the column 14. In this embodiment, the wire 4 is made of, for example, a stainless steel wire having a diameter of about 1.5 (mm) so as to have strength and corrosion resistance that are not severely cut.
[0034]
Therefore, in this embodiment, when the wire 4 is pulled against the reaction force of the compression coil spring 2, the marker plate 15 moves downward along the scale plate 16, and the wire 4 is read by reading the movement amount of the pointer 1. You can know the amount of movement.
[0035]
The displacement amount detector 8 configured as described above is installed at one end (fixed end 4a) of the wire 4 and the detector so that the wire 4 crosses the assumed displacement boundary line 3a where a crack or the like may occur. This is performed with the main body 6 fixed to the observation target surface 3 . Each detector body 6 is adjusted to a posture in which the camera 9 can project the display means after installation.
[0036]
The laying of the wire 4 is performed in a state in which the compression coil spring 2 of the detector main body 6 is slightly bent in order to give a moderate initial tension to the wire 4 and prevent the occurrence of slack. The laying path of the wire 4 may be a place that is not normally visible, such as the backside of the rock, and the direction changing means 12 is used as necessary to absorb unevenness of the observation target surface 3 or to avoid the obstacle by detouring. Then the direction is changed. As shown in FIG. 3A, the direction changing means 12 can be a pulley having a leg 12a that is rotatable around an axis C12. However, if the wire 4 has sufficient flexibility, it is screwed into an anchor bolt. Can be used.
[0037]
As described above, the wire 4 is laid so as to straddle the displacement boundary assumption line 3a. However, as shown in FIG. 3C or 3D, the wire 4 reciprocates along the displacement boundary assumption line 3a. When folded back, the displacement amount of the wire 4 on the detector body 6 side is amplified with respect to the displacement amount of the observation target surface 3 , so that even a slight displacement of the observation target surface 3 can be reliably detected. become.
[0038]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the control device 11 includes a switch monitoring unit 11 a that monitors the connection / disconnection state of the limit switch 5 of the detector body 6 and a control unit 11 b, and is separated from the observation target surface 3. It is installed at the position. The switch monitoring unit 11a identifies the detector body 6 in which the limit switch 5 has changed to the “contact” state, and notifies the control unit 11b of the detector body 6.
[0039]
After receiving the specific signal of the detector main body 6 from the switch monitoring unit 11a, the control unit 11b obtains the angle of the camera 9 for displaying the pointer 1 of the corresponding detector main body 6 with reference to a table outside the figure, for example. Then, a camera drive signal is generated and output to the camera 9. The camera 9 that has received the camera drive signal acquires, for example, a pointer 1 image by rotating a predetermined angle with respect to the installation base, and displays it on the monitor of the control device 11.
[0040]
As a result, the system operator can centrally monitor an area where there is a danger such as collapse due to the occurrence of a crack.
[0041]
Further, when receiving the specific signal from the switch monitoring unit 11a, the control unit 11b activates the alarm unit 18 based on the signal duration time and generates an appropriate alarm signal as shown in FIG.
[0042]
In FIG. 5 (a), the upper diagram shows the position of the pointer 1, that is, the change in the amount of deflection of the biasing means 2, with the amount of change on the vertical axis and the time on the horizontal axis. Shows the state of the limit switch 5. In the upper diagram, a chain line parallel to the horizontal axis indicates a change amount (threshold value) when the limit switch 5 is in a “contact” state.
[0043]
Now, when the amount of distortion of the observation target surface 3 increases to a point A, the limit switch 5 enters the “contact” state, and the control unit 11b starts a time measuring operation by a timer (not shown). From this state, when the distortion amount of the observation target surface 3 decreases to the point B, the state again returns to the “OFF” state. The control unit 11b is provided with a duration threshold value in advance. When the time from point A to point B is equal to or less than this threshold value, the control unit 11b only resets the timer to the alarm unit 18. Does not send any signal.
[0044]
On the other hand, after the transition to the “contact” state at the point C, the “contact” state continues for a considerably long time. When this time exceeds the threshold time, the control unit 11b generates an alarm signal. The alarm unit 18 is activated. The alarm in the alarm unit 18 may be, for example, an alarm signal to a person in charge, transmission of a mail, or the like in addition to the sound of the alarm sound.
[0045]
In the above, the case where the duration is measured by the timer that operates in response to the state transition of the limit switch 5 is shown, but in addition, the state of the limit switch 5 is confirmed at a predetermined time with a predetermined interval, It is also possible to indirectly measure the duration by the number of consecutive “contact” states.
[0046]
Further, in the above-described example, only one limit switch 5 is provided. However, when a plurality of limit switches 5 are provided, finer observation becomes possible.
[0047]
In FIG. 5B, in addition to the threshold value (first threshold value) described above, a second threshold value (SL2) is set in a deflection amount region larger than the first threshold value (SL1), and the second threshold value (SL2) is detected. The case where the 2nd limit switch 5 to be added is shown is shown. In FIG. 5 (b), the first limit switch 5 for identifying the first threshold value (SL1) with respect to the same input signal (deflection amount) as in the above-described embodiment is similar to the above-described embodiment. A and C transition to the “contact” state, and this state is shown in the middle diagram. On the other hand, the second limit switch 5 shifts to the “contact” state at points D, E, and F as shown in the lower part.
[0048]
For example, when the second limit switch 5 becomes “contact”, the control unit 11b operates the alarm unit 18 even when the time exceeding the first threshold (SL1) is shorter than a predetermined time (point D). ) Or when the time exceeding the first threshold (SL1) is longer than a predetermined value, first, a warning signal is generated from the alarm unit 18, and the duration of the second threshold (SL2) is a predetermined value. Is appropriately determined according to the physical characteristics of the observation target surface 3 , such as changing the attention signal to a warning signal.
[0049]
In the above, in order to make the structure of the displacement detector 8 as simple and inexpensive as possible, the case where no power source is mounted on the detector body 6 has been shown. It is also possible to mount a battery or the like.
[0050]
FIG. 6 shows a modification of the displacement detector 8 . In this modification, the detector main body 6 accommodates two sets of urging means 2, a pointer 1 and a limit switch 5 (not shown), and a wire 4 is connected to each urging means 2. The biasing means 2 is formed by a tension coil spring, and a pointer 1 is formed at the boundary between each biasing means 2 and the wire 4.
[0051]
The two wires 4 are fixed to the observation target surface 3 at a common fixed end 4a, and are laid across the displacement boundary assumption line 3a so that the wiring lengths are almost equal in different wiring paths. .
[0052]
The observed value of the pointer 1 is adopted as a true value only when both pointers 1 are moving in substantially the same amount in the same direction, and is rejected as an abnormal value due to disturbance when movement is observed in only one of them. .
[0053]
Further, the output value from the limit switch 5 is ANDed, and the state transition is determined only when both state change.
[0054]
Therefore, in this modification, it is possible to evaluate the movement of the pointer 1 by comparing the movements of the two pointers 1, and the reliability of the apparatus is increased.
[0055]
6 shows a case where two sets of urging means 2 and the like are accommodated in one detector body 6, but the same configuration is made using two sets of displacement detectors 8. You can also.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily and inexpensively observe and monitor from a small displacement to a large displacement of the ground or the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing the present invention.
2A and 2B are diagrams showing a displacement detector, where FIG. 2A is a side view and FIG. 2B is a front view.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a laying state of wires.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an observation system .
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an operation of a control unit.
FIG. 6 is a view showing a modification of the displacement detector .
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pointer 2 Energizing means 3 Observation object surface 4 Wire 5 Abnormality detection part 6 Detector main body 7 Casing 8 Displacement amount detector 9 Camera 10 Observation system 11 Control apparatus

Claims (6)

An initial tension is applied to the wire laid on the observation target surface by a biasing means in a state straddling the assumed displacement boundary line set on the observation target surface such as the ground, and the change in the deflection amount of the biasing means is moved forward and backward. By mechanically connecting the pointer to be displayed to the biasing means,
Observing the amount of movement of the pointer from the separation position and observing the amount of displacement of the observation target surface ,
In addition to the pointer and urging means, a plurality of sets of detector bodies and wires provided with an anomaly detector that changes state when the amount of movement of the pointer exceeds a predetermined value is set on the observation target surface,
A method for observing a displacement amount of a ground, a rock, or the like that identifies a detector main body to be observed according to a state of the abnormality detection unit . The method for observing a displacement amount of a ground, a bedrock, or the like according to claim 1, wherein the wire is folded in a predetermined region and laid in a zigzag shape, and the movement amount of the pointer is increased as compared with the displacement amount of the observation target surface. A wire and a detector body,
The detector main body is connected to the other end of the wire laid on the observation target surface in a state where one end is fixed to the observation target surface such as the ground and straddles the assumed displacement boundary line set on the observation target surface. Biasing means for applying initial tension to
A pointer that is mechanically coupled to the biasing means and displays a deflection amount of the biasing means;
In the casing,
The casing is formed so that it can be observed from the outside with respect to the amount of movement of the pointer.
The detector main body is formed by accommodating a compression coil spring to which the other end of the wire is connected in a casing, and the wire passes from the opposite end of the connection to the compression coil spring through the central hollow portion of the compression coil spring. Being pulled out of the casing,
A displacement detector including an abnormality detector that changes state when the amount of deflection of the compression coil spring reaches a predetermined amount. A displacement detector according to claim 3,
A system for observing the amount of displacement of the ground, rock, etc., having a camera for observing the movement of the pointer of the displacement amount detector from a remote position. A plurality of displacement detectors according to claim 3;
A camera for observing the amount of movement of the pointer of the displacement detector from a remote position;
A system for observing the amount of displacement of ground, bedrock, etc., having a control device for controlling the detector body whose state has been changed based on the state transition of the anomaly detection unit to an observable posture. The displacement detector according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of abnormality detectors are arranged in the bending direction of the urging means,
A system for observing the amount of displacement of the ground, rock, etc., having a control device that issues a warning when the state transition continuation time of the abnormality detector exceeds a predetermined time length.

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