JP2017194847A - Avalanche/rockfall monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an avalanche/rockfall monitoring system comprising simple facilities which do not need commercial power supply, are easy to install and maintain, and offers high prediction reliability.SOLUTION: A monitoring system is provided, which is installed on a slope to detect a sign of an avalanche and/or rockfall, the system comprising a wooden fence 1 installed on the slope, sensors 10, 26 installed on the fence 1 and equipped with piezoelectric sensors that generate voltage in response to detection of deformation of the fence, and display means 25, 39 configured to visibly indicate that the voltage generated by the sensors reaches a preset value or above.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an avalanche / falling rock monitoring system that is installed on a slope where there is a risk of avalanche or falling rock, and detects the occurrence of an anomaly that is a precursor.

  The above-mentioned avalanches and rockfalls, which are a type of natural disaster, have the potential to lead to major losses for the local economy, such as the destruction of lifelines, loss of life or stagnation of logistics. Various monitoring systems have been developed that can predict the occurrence of this in advance.

  For example, conventional monitoring systems for detecting rock fall include steel fences installed on the side of the road and steel rock fall prevention fences installed on slopes to catch rock fall, and vibration detection using accelerometers, etc. A device is known that monitors the presence or absence of falling rocks based on a detection signal from the accelerometer.

  Further, in Patent Document 1 below, as avalanche monitoring apparatus, a plurality of detectors in which a gyro sensor that detects impact acceleration from an inclination is incorporated in an inclined surface such as a mountain part where an avalanche is likely to occur are appropriately used. The detection data from each detector side is transmitted to the base station, and the detection data at each measurement point is processed in real time by the data processing means to exceed the reference acceleration value at each measurement point. A system has been proposed for determining the possibility of avalanche occurrence or the presence and scale of avalanche occurrence based on the obtained data.

JP 2000-182168 A

  However, these conventional avalanche and rockfall monitoring systems both have a problem in that they are large-scale equipment, which increases installation costs and maintenance management costs, and requires power supply by a commercial power source. In addition, since it is installed in a harsh atmosphere due to the natural environment for a long period of time, malfunctions of detectors and sensors are likely to occur, and it is difficult to increase the prediction accuracy.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. An avalanche that can detect an avalanche and a rockfall sign phenomenon with high accuracy by a simple facility that does not require a commercial power source and is easy to install and maintain.・ Provide a monitoring system for falling rocks.

  In order to solve the above problems, the invention described in claim 1 is a monitoring system for detecting avalanches and / or falling rocks installed on a slope, and a wooden fence installed on the slope, A sensor provided with a piezoelectric element that is provided on the fence and generates a voltage when sensing the deformation of the fence, and a control unit that emits a signal when the voltage generated from the sensor exceeds a set value. And display means that is turned on by the signal from the control means.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the fence is a plurality of vertical fences arranged at intervals in a direction intersecting the inclined direction of the slope and between the vertical fences. It consists of a fence member made up of a plurality of rungs that are laid horizontally on and a plurality of columns that support the fence member on the slope in the tilt direction.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 2, wherein the sensor includes a support member attached between the fence member and the support column, and the support member has a shape of the support member. A piezoelectric element attached in a state where the support member is not deformable and deformable when the support member is damaged, and the support member receives a load greater than a preset load from the fence member. It is characterized in that it is formed with a strength that causes the above-mentioned breakage when it acts.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the invention, the sensor includes a head-side member having a head portion and a shaft portion and having a shaft hole penetrating in the axial direction, and the shaft portion alone. A distal end member formed with a shaft hole extending from the proximal end to the distal end is disposed at an interval in the axial direction, and a sensor rod incorporating a piezo cable in the axial hole of the head side member and the distal end member is provided. The head-side member and the tip-side member are joined at both ends of the sensor rod, and the whole is integrated into a bolt shape, and either the head-side member or the tip-side member is inserted. Is fixed to the vertical fence, and the other is fixed to the crossbar.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the display means is fixed to the upper part of the fence and the voltage generated by the sensor becomes a set value or more. It is characterized by being a lighting fixture that is lit on.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the display means provides a signal when the voltage generated by the sensor provided on the fence exceeds a set value. And a monitor for receiving the signal emitted from the transmitting means and displaying it together with the position of the fence.

  According to the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6, since a sensor using a piezoelectric element that generates a voltage itself when excessive deformation occurs on a wooden fence, a commercial power source is provided. With simple equipment that is easy to maintain and maintain, there is an increase in the load on the fence, which is a sign of avalanche, and the collision of a small stone fence that is a sign of falling rock The vibration can be detected by a voltage generated by the piezoelectric element.

  Moreover, because the wooden fence is used, compared to the case of using steel, large heavy machinery is not required for transportation in mountainous areas or installation on slopes. Because of its superiority, it can be installed very easily on site, and it can also be sensitive to slight changes in load, such as an increase in the load of snow stoppers, which is a sign of avalanches and falling rocks, and impact of small diameter falling rocks.

  Therefore, by installing the fences at a plurality of locations on the slope, the occurrence of small-scale abnormalities that can be a sign of avalanches and falling rocks can be visually displayed on the display device due to the voltage generated by the piezoelectric elements. By doing so, it is possible to easily find the location of the abnormality in real time with high accuracy, and as a result, it is possible to speed up disaster mitigation and reduce the disaster.

  Here, as the timber constituting the shelf, thinned wood which is easily available locally and is also economical is suitable. Further, as the shape of the fence, in addition to the fence type, a triangular frame work can be used in accordance with the situation of the installation location, but if a shelf type like the invention according to claim 2 is used, It can also function effectively as a preventive material for avalanches and falling rocks that occur after the above signs. Furthermore, when the above shelf type is used, it is possible to detect the occurrence of a small-scale abnormality that is a predictive phenomenon such as falling rocks, if processing for measurement support that promotes deformation of wood is performed.

  Further, if a limit type displacement sensor as in the invention of claim 3 is used as a sensor using a piezoelectric element installed on the fence, the load of the snow load received by the fence increases to a sign of an avalanche. When the amount of deformation of the fence becomes larger than the set value, a sign of an avalanche can be detected by generating a voltage for the first time when the piezoelectric element is deformed.

  In this case, the load applied from the fence member due to snow is detected with high accuracy, and the support member is placed between the fence member and the column so that the support member of the sensor is reliably damaged at the set value. It is preferable to attach.

  On the other hand, if a bolt-type strain sensor containing a piezoelectric element is used as the sensor using the piezoelectric element, as in the invention according to claim 4, it is a sign of falling rock (including debris flow) on the fence. The vibration excited by frequent collisions of a certain fine stone can be detected by the voltage generated by the piezoelectric element, and by setting the threshold value of the detected voltage in advance, it is possible to detect abnormalities that are predictive of falling rocks. Occurrence can be detected.

  In this case, in order to detect the vibration generated in the fence with high accuracy, either one of the head side member and the tip side member of the sensor is fixed to the vertical fence, and the other is fixed to the cross bar. Is preferred.

In addition, when an abnormality that is a sign of an avalanche or falling rock is detected by a voltage generated from the piezoelectric element, various forms can be adopted as display means for displaying the abnormality.
For example, if a lighting device such as a light is provided on the top of the fence as in the invention described in claim 5, the location can be directly grasped visually.

  On the other hand, if the signal from the sensor is wirelessly transmitted from the transmitting means provided on the shelf and displayed on the monitor at a remote location together with the position of the shelf as in the invention described in claim 6. In addition, it becomes possible to centrally monitor the status of shelves installed on a wide range of slopes.

It is a perspective view which shows one Embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which expands and shows the attachment part of the limit type displacement sensor of FIG. FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the limit type displacement sensor of FIG. It is a side view which expands and shows the attachment part of the volt | bolt type strain sensor of FIG. FIG. 2 shows the bolt-type strain sensor of FIG. 1, where (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is a longitudinal sectional view.

1 to 6 show an embodiment of an avalanche / falling rock monitoring system according to the present invention. Reference numeral 1 in the figure denotes a fence installed on a slope to detect an avalanche and falling rock sign.
The fence 1 includes a fence member 2 that catches snow and falling rocks, and a plurality (two in the figure) that are arranged on both sides of the fence member 2 and support the shelf member 2 from below in the inclined direction of the slope. The support 3 is schematically constituted by a support post 3 and a holding post (support post) 4 disposed between the support posts 3 and having a limit type displacement sensor 10 described later interposed therebetween.

  Here, the fence member 2 includes a plurality of (seven in the figure) vertical fences 5 arranged at equal intervals in a direction substantially orthogonal to the inclined direction of the slope, and between the upper and lower parts of the vertical fences 5. It is composed of a plurality of (two in the figure) crosspieces 6 that are horizontally installed and integrated from the lower side in the tilt direction.

  By the way, in this embodiment, thinned wood is used as the vertical fence 5, the cross 6 and the column 3, and the holding column 4 that constitute the shelf member 2.

  A gap S is formed between the cross 6 at the upper part of the shelf member 2 and the holding column 4, and the limit type displacement sensor 10 that operates in the gap S due to a load exceeding a certain level acting on the shelf member 2. Is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the limit type displacement sensor 10 includes a metal tube 11 and a support member 12 in which a glass tube inserted into the metal tube 11 in a close contact state is formed in a test tube. Inside the support member 12, a piezo film (piezoelectric element) 13 is disposed over the entire length. The piezo film 13 is held inside the support member 12 in close contact with or in contact with the support member 12, and an output cable 14 (see FIG. 1) is connected to one end 13a thereof. Yes.

  The limit type displacement sensor 10 is attached between a hardware 15 fixed to the outer periphery of the cross 6 at the top of the shelf member 2 and a hardware 16 fixed to the upper surface of the holding column 4. Here, the hardware 15 fixed to the crosspiece 6 is a small U-shaped base 17 that is externally attached to the outer periphery from the lower side of the crosspiece 6 and fixed by bolts 17a and a bottom plate of the base 17. A U-shaped mounting plate 18 is formed.

  On the other hand, the hardware 16 has a U-shaped base 19 fixed by bolts 19 a across the upper end of the holding column 4, and a small U-shaped mounting formed by bending the upper surface of the base 19 in a convex shape. It consists of a plate 20.

  The hardware 15 and 16 are arranged with the mounting plate 20 of the hardware 16 inserted between the mounting plates 18 of the hardware 15. The mounting plates 18 and 20 are connected to each other by a connecting bolt 21 at a position displaced upward in the tilt direction. Further, the limit type displacement sensor 10 is inserted between the central portions of the mounting plates 18 and 20. In addition, the code | symbol 22 in a figure is a bolt insertion hole for temporarily fixing the metal objects 15 and 16 when inserting the limit type displacement sensor 10.

  Accordingly, when an excessive load acts on the fence member 2 downward in the tilt direction and the crosspiece 6 of the fence member 2 is deformed, the hardware 15 is centered on the connection bolt 21 with respect to the hardware 16 in the counterclockwise direction in FIG. A shearing force is applied to the limit displacement sensor 10 from the mounting plates 18 and 20 in an attempt to rotate around.

  Further, the metal tube 11 of the limit type displacement sensor 10 has a strength that does not greatly deform even when a shearing force is applied from the mounting plates 18 and 20 in a normal state, and has a risk of causing an avalanche. When the cross 6 is greatly deformed by the load caused by the above, the strength is set such that the support member 12 is damaged by plastic deformation due to the large shearing force generated thereby.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, a display device (display means) 23 is provided on the top of the vertical fence 5 closest to the holding column 4. The display device 23 is a light (lighting fixture) 25 that is turned on by a signal from a control device (control means) 24 to which an output cable 14 from the limit type displacement sensor 10 is connected. When the voltage sent from the cable 14 exceeds a set value, the light 25 is turned on by a built-in battery such as a lithium battery.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, a bolt-type strain sensor 26 for detecting vibration generated in the vertical fence 5 is provided between the end of the crossbar 6 on the upper side of the fence member 2 and the vertical fence 5. Is provided.
As shown in FIG. 6, the bolt-type strain sensor 26 includes a head-side member 27 having a head and a shaft portion, and a tip-side member 28 composed of only the shaft portion arranged at intervals in the axial direction. The sensor rods 29 are inserted into the inside of them, and are combined and integrated so that the whole becomes a bolt shape.

  In this bolt-type strain sensor 26, a male screw portion 30 for attaching a fixing nut is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the distal end side member 28 in the same manner as a normal bolt. Further, axial holes 27a and 28a penetrating in the axial direction are formed in the center of the head side member 27 and the distal end side member 28, and a piezo cable (piezoelectric element) 31 is built in these axial holes 27a and 28a. A rod 29 is inserted and fixed with an adhesive such as epoxy.

  Here, the sensor rod 29 is obtained by covering the outside of the piezo cable 31 with a flexible cylindrical protective tube 32 so that the outer diameter of the protective tube 32 is substantially equal to the inner diameter of the shaft holes 27a and 28a. Is formed. In the figure, reference numeral 33 denotes an adhesive that fills the tip of the piezo cable 31 and seals the protective tube 32, and reference numeral 34 denotes an output cable drawn out from the head side of the piezo cable 31 to the outside. is there.

  The bolt-type strain sensor 26 is inserted between the hardware 35a, 35b fixed to the cross 6 and the vertical fence 5, and the nut 36 is screwed into the male screw portion 30 of the distal end side member 28. It is attached between the hardware 35a and 35b.

  Thereby, in the said bolt type distortion sensor 26, when a small stone collides with the vertical fence 5 frequently and a vibration arises in the said vertical fence 5, between the crosspiece 6 and the metal fittings 35a, 35b attached to the vertical fence 5 A large voltage is generated by the expansion and contraction of the piezo cable 31 due to the relative displacement.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a display device (display means) 37 is provided on the top of the vertical fence 5 to which one end of the bolt-type strain sensor 26 is fixed. The display device 37 is a light (lighting fixture) 39 that is turned on by a signal from a control device (control means) 38 to which an output cable 34 from the bolt-type strain sensor 26 is connected. When the voltage sent from the cable 34 exceeds a set value, the light 39 is turned on by a built-in battery such as a lithium battery.

  In the avalanche / falling rock monitoring system configured as described above, if it is installed on a slope where there is a risk of avalanche and falling rock, the amount of snow on the slope increases, and the load of snow received by the fence member 2 is avalanche. The amount of deformation of the central part of the crosspiece 6 in the fence member 2 supported by the pillars 3 on both sides increases, and the metal tube 11 of the limit type displacement sensor 10 between the mounting plates 18 and 20 increases. Is plastically deformed by a large shear force.

  As a result, the support member 12 made of a glass tube is broken and the piezo film 13 is greatly deformed to generate a voltage, which is sent from the output cable 14 to the control device 24, thereby receiving a signal from the control device 24. A light 25 is turned on to notify a sign of an avalanche.

  In addition, when there is frequent collision of fine stones, which is a predictive phenomenon of falling rocks and debris flow, during a period when there is no snow, vibration occurs on the vertical fence 5 located above the slope of the shelf member 2 due to the collision of the fine stones. A large voltage is generated by the expansion and contraction of the piezo cable 31 due to the relative displacement generated between the hardware 35a and 35b attached to the cross 6 and the vertical fence 5.

  Then, this voltage is output from the output cable 34 to the control device 38, and when the generated voltage becomes equal to or higher than a set value, a light 39 for notifying a sign of falling rock or debris flow is turned on.

  As a result, according to the avalanche / fall rock monitoring system, a simple facility that does not use a commercial power supply and that is easy to maintain and maintain increases the load on the fence, which is a sign of an avalanche, and a sign of rock fall. The vibration of the fence caused by the collision with the small-sized fine stone fence to be detected can be detected by the voltage generated by the piezoelectric film 13 of the limit type displacement sensor 10 or the piezoelectric cable 31 of the bolt type distortion sensor 26.

  Moreover, since thinned wood is used as the shelf member 2 and the pillars 3 and the holding pillars 4 constituting the fence 1, it is easy to obtain locally and is economical, compared with the case where steel is used. Thus, large heavy machinery or the like is not required for transportation in mountainous areas or installation on slopes, and wood is excellent in workability, so it can be installed very easily on site. In addition, a slight change in load such as an increase in the load of a snow stop, which is a sign of an avalanche or rock fall, or an impact of a small-diameter rock fall can be detected sensitively.

  Therefore, by installing the fence 1 at a plurality of locations on the slope, the voltage generated by the limit-type displacement sensor 10 and the bolt-type strain sensor 26 causes a small-scale abnormality that becomes a sign of an avalanche or falling rock. Occurrence can be notified by lighting of lights 25 and 39 installed on the fence 1. As a result, it is possible to easily find a location where an abnormality has occurred in real time with high accuracy, and it is possible to speed up disaster mitigation and reduce disasters.

  In the above embodiment, the lights 25 and 39 fixed to the upper part of the fence 1 are used as display means when a voltage higher than the set value is generated from the limit type displacement sensor 10 or the bolt type strain sensor 26. Although the present invention has been described, the present invention is not limited to this, and a transmitting means that wirelessly transmits a signal when the voltage generated by the sensor provided on the shelf 1 exceeds a set value, It can also be constituted by a monitor that receives the signal emitted from the transmission means and displays it together with the position of the fence.

  When such a display means is used, signals from the limit type displacement sensor 10 and the bolt type strain sensor 26 are wirelessly transmitted from the transmission means provided on the shelf 1 and the monitor 1 in the remote place is connected to the monitor in the remote place. By displaying together with the position, it is possible to intensively monitor the situation of a large number of shelves 1 installed in a wide range of slopes.

1 shelf 2 shelf member 3 support column 4 post (post)
5 Vertical fence 6 Yokogi 10 Limit type displacement sensor 12 Support member 13 Piezo film (piezoelectric element)
23, 27 Display device (display means)
25, 39 Light (lighting device)
26 Bolt type strain sensor 27 Head side member 28 Tip side member 27a, 28a Shaft hole 29 Sensor rod 31 Piezo cable (piezoelectric element)

Claims (6)

A monitoring system installed on a slope for detecting signs of avalanches and / or rockfalls,
A wooden fence installed on the slope, a sensor provided with this piezoelectric element that generates a voltage when sensing the deformation of the fence, and the voltage generated from the sensor is greater than or equal to a set value avalanche-rockfall monitoring system for the control means for emitting a signal, characterized by comprising a display means to light up by the signal from the control means when it becomes.   The fence is composed of a plurality of vertical fences standing at intervals in a direction intersecting with the inclination direction of the slope, and a fence member composed of a plurality of crossbars horizontally placed between the vertical fences, and the fence member The avalanche / falling rock monitoring system according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of support columns that support the support on the slope in the inclination direction.   The sensor includes a support member attached between the fence member and the support column, and the support member is indestructible and the support member is damaged when the support member holds its shape. The support member is formed to have a strength that causes the breakage when a load greater than a preset load is applied from the fence member. The avalanche / falling rock monitoring system according to claim 2.   The sensor includes a head-side member having a head portion and a shaft portion and having a shaft hole penetrating in the axial direction, and a tip-side member having only a shaft portion and having a shaft hole from the base end to the tip end. A sensor rod having a piezo cable is inserted in the axial holes of the head-side member and the tip-side member, and the head-side member and the tip-side member are connected to the sensor rod. Are joined together at both ends, and the whole is integrated into a bolt shape, and either one of the head side member or the tip side member is fixed to the vertical fence, and the other is fixed to the crosspiece The avalanche / falling rock monitoring system according to claim 2.   5. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the display unit is a lighting fixture that is fixed to an upper portion of the fence and is turned on when the voltage generated by the sensor is equal to or higher than a set value. Avalanche / fall rock monitoring system.   The display means is provided on the fence, and when the voltage generated by the sensor exceeds a set value, the display means wirelessly transmits a signal, and receives the signal emitted from the transmission means and receives the signal from the fence. The avalanche / falling rock monitoring system according to claim 1, further comprising a monitor that displays the position of the avalanche.

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