JP4645444B2 - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an excavator for excavating a continuous groove for constructing underground continuous walls for water stoppage, foundation use, and the like in the ground.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an excavator, there is an excavator that has an excavation body that is mounted on a base machine so as to be movable up and down, and that excavates the underground soil by raising and lowering the excavation body.

  In this type of excavator, when the excavated body is pulled up, there is a possibility that earth and sand attached to the excavated body will be scattered around.

  As a technique for preventing such scattering of earth and sand, a sheet device for a digging bucket that surrounds a digging bucket in a bucket excavator is known (for example, Patent Document 1).

When the excavation bucket is inserted into the ground, the seat device is left on the ground and displaced in a folded state, and when the excavation bucket is pulled up to the ground, the seat device is extended by its own weight so as to cover the excavation bucket. It is comprised by the formed bellows-like sheet | seat.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-4190

  By the way, as the excavator, an endless body having an excavation frame extending in the vertical direction, an excavation blade stretched between rotating bodies arranged above and below the excavation frame, and a circulation drive of the endless body The thing provided with the excavation body which has a drive part to make it known is known.

  This type of excavator is configured to lower the excavation body while circulating and driving the endless body, and excavate the ground with an excavation blade. Therefore, the seat device of Patent Document 1 is adopted. Not suitable for.

  That is, in order to use the sheet apparatus of Patent Document 1 for the excavator having the excavating blade as described above, the sheet apparatus is required to have excellent flexibility and high strength. This is because, in the excavator of Patent Document 1, the kinetic energy of the earth and sand is relatively small because the stationary earth and sand stored in the bucket is scattered when the bucket is opened. Because the earth and sand adhering to the excavating blade is scattered with the rotation of the excavating blade, the kinetic energy of the earth and sand is large, and the sheet device is required to have flexibility and strength to absorb this kinetic energy. is there. In order to form a sheet apparatus that satisfies both of these requirements, it is necessary to use a special material as a sheet material, which makes it expensive and difficult to adopt from a cost standpoint.

  In particular, when the seat device of Patent Document 1 is adopted in an excavator having a drilling frame extending in the vertical direction as described above, the seat device becomes long corresponding to the length of the excavating frame. Greater flexibility is required to smoothly fold the seat device when inserted into the ground.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an excavator that can reliably prevent scattering of earth and sand on the ground when the excavation frame is pulled out.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an endless body having an excavation frame extending in the vertical direction and an excavating blade spanned between rotating bodies disposed above and below the excavation frame, and the endless body. An excavator that has a drive unit that circulates and is mounted at least so as to be able to move up and down relative to a base machine. An excavator that excavates soil in the ground by being driven by circulation, and further includes a cover body that is provided in the excavation body and surrounds the endless body around the axis of the excavation frame. A base cover fixed to the excavation body, and an extension cover mounted so as to be relatively displaceable in the axial direction with respect to the base cover through a region inside or outside the base cover. The cover body has an extended posture that surrounds the endless body that is exposed from the ground surface in a state where the excavated body is raised most with respect to the base machine by the relative movement of the extension cover with respect to the base cover. The excavated body is expanded and contracted so as to be switchable to a shortened posture surrounding the endless body exposed from the ground surface around the axis when the excavated body is lowered to the base machine, and the excavated body is moved relative to the base machine. An elevating drive unit that moves up and down, an extension drive unit that expands and contracts the cover body between the extended posture and the shortened posture, a detection unit that detects a lift position of the excavated body by the elevating drive unit, and a detection by the detection unit Based on the lifted position, the extension of the cover body is such that the cover body can surround the endless body exposed from the ground surface. To provide a drilling machine, characterized in further comprising a control means for controlling the driving of the driving unit.

  According to the present invention, since the cover body provided on the excavating body is configured to be stretchable between the extended posture and the shortened posture, the endless body exposed to the ground surface regardless of the lifted position of the excavating body. It is possible to reliably prevent the earth and sand from being scattered around the axis of the excavation frame.

  The excavated body is formed in a telescope type having a base cover and an extension cover that is displaceable relative to the base cover through an inner or outer region of the base cover. Unlike the conventional technology, which requires a sheet material that satisfies both high strength and strength, the cover body is reliably secured by relative displacement of both covers while using a material having a high strength material such as a metal material for both covers. Can be expanded and contracted.

Further , according to the present invention , the endless body can be released from the cover body for the portion exposed from the ground surface by operating the telescopic drive unit when performing maintenance of the endless body.

Furthermore, according to the present invention , the endless body exposed on the ground surface can be surrounded by extending and retracting the cover body in synchronization with the lifting operation of the excavated body by the lifting drive unit according to the lift position of the excavated body. The length of the cover body can be automatically adjusted as possible.

The present invention also provides an endless body having an excavation frame extending in the vertical direction, an excavation blade spanned between rotating bodies disposed above and below the excavation frame, and a drive unit that drives the endless body to circulate. And a drilling body mounted at least so as to be movable up and down with respect to the base machine, the drilling body is lowered and a drilling frame is inserted into the ground, and the endless body is circulated and driven by the drive unit. An excavator for excavating underground soil, further comprising a cover body provided on the excavation body and surrounding the endless body around an axis of a excavation frame, and the cover body is fixed to the excavation body A cover that includes a base cover and an extension cover that is attached to the base cover through the inner or outer region of the base cover so as to be relatively displaceable in the axial direction. An extended posture that surrounds the endless body that is exposed from the ground surface in a state in which the excavated body is raised most with respect to the base machine by relative movement of the extension cover with respect to the base cover, and the excavated body is a base machine The endless body exposed from the ground surface in the most lowered state is expanded and contracted so as to be switchable to a shortened posture surrounding the axis, and the excavated body is within a range surrounded by the cover body. There is provided an excavator characterized in that a scraping member is fixed so as to face the endless excavation blade.

According to the present invention, since the cover body provided on the excavating body is configured to be stretchable between the extended posture and the shortened posture, the endless body exposed to the ground surface regardless of the lifted position of the excavating body. It is possible to reliably prevent the earth and sand from being scattered around the axis of the excavation frame.

The excavated body is formed in a telescope type having a base cover and an extension cover that is displaceable relative to the base cover through an inner or outer region of the base cover. Unlike the conventional technology, which requires a sheet material that satisfies both high strength and strength, the cover body is reliably secured by relative displacement of both covers while using a material having a high strength material such as a metal material for both covers. Can be expanded and contracted.

Further, according to the present invention , in the process of the relative movement of the scraping member fixed to the excavating body and the excavating blade that is driven to circulate, the scraping member removes foreign matters such as earth and sand adhered to the excavating blade. Therefore, the excavation work and the excavation blade cleaning work can be performed in parallel, and the trouble of cleaning the excavation blade can be reduced.

In particular, in the present invention , since the scraping member is provided in the range surrounded by the cover body, the cover body 8 prevents foreign matter such as earth and sand scraped off by the scraping member from being scattered around. While the excavating blade can be cleaned.

Furthermore, the present invention provides an endless body having an excavation frame extending in the vertical direction, an excavation blade stretched between rotating bodies disposed above and below the excavation frame, and a drive unit that drives the endless body to circulate. And a drilling body mounted at least so as to be movable up and down with respect to the base machine, the drilling body is lowered and a drilling frame is inserted into the ground, and the endless body is circulated and driven by the drive unit. An excavator for excavating underground soil, further comprising a cover body provided on the excavation body and surrounding the endless body around an axis of a excavation frame, and the cover body is fixed to the excavation body A base cover and an extension cover that is attached to the base cover so as to be relatively displaceable in the axial direction through an inner or outer region of the base cover, and the cover An extended posture that surrounds the endless body that is exposed from the ground surface in a state where the excavated body is most elevated with respect to the base machine by relative movement of the extension cover with respect to the base cover; An elevating drive unit that expands and contracts so that the endless body exposed from the ground surface in a state where it is most lowered with respect to the machine can be switched to a shortened posture surrounding the axis, and moves the excavated body up and down relative to the base machine; A telescopic drive unit that expands and contracts the cover body between the extended posture and the shortened posture, and the telescopic drive unit includes a winch attached to an upper end of the base cover, and a motor that rotationally drives the winch. And a rope that is wound or unwound by the rotational drive of the winch, for the hoisting or lowering operation of the rope Flip provides excavator, characterized in that to stretch the cover body by elevating to base cover the extended cover.

According to the present invention, since the cover body provided on the excavating body is configured to be stretchable between the extended posture and the shortened posture, the endless body exposed to the ground surface regardless of the lifted position of the excavating body. It is possible to reliably prevent the earth and sand from being scattered around the axis of the excavation frame.

The excavated body is formed in a telescope type having a base cover and an extension cover that is displaceable relative to the base cover through an inner or outer region of the base cover. Unlike the conventional technology, which requires a sheet material that satisfies both high strength and strength, the cover body is reliably secured by relative displacement of both covers while using a material having a high strength material such as a metal material for both covers. Can be expanded and contracted.

Further, according to the present invention, the endless body can be released from the cover body for the portion exposed from the ground surface by operating the telescopic drive unit when performing maintenance of the endless body.

Furthermore, according to the present invention , since the winch motor for extending and retracting the cover body is attached to the upper end of the base cover, when a large number of earth and sand are scattered inside the cover body due to the circulation drive of the endless body Even so, the influence of the earth and sand on the winch motor can be reduced.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said cover body has a some extension cover, and each extension cover is provided so that relative movement is possible with respect to the extension cover adjacent to this.

  According to this configuration, since the plurality of extension covers are provided, the expansion / contraction range of the main body cover can be made longer, and conversely, when the expansion / contraction range is made constant, each base cover or extension cover The length of can be shortened to achieve compactness.

The present invention also provides an endless body having an excavation frame extending in the vertical direction, an excavation blade spanned between rotating bodies disposed above and below the excavation frame, and a drive unit that drives the endless body to circulate. And a drilling body mounted at least so as to be movable up and down with respect to the base machine, the drilling body is lowered and a drilling frame is inserted into the ground, and the endless body is circulated and driven by the drive unit. An excavator for excavating underground soil, further comprising a cover body provided on the excavation body and surrounding the endless body around an axis of a excavation frame, and the cover body is fixed to the excavation body A cover that includes a base cover and an extension cover that is attached to the base cover through the inner or outer region of the base cover so as to be relatively displaceable in the axial direction. An extended posture that surrounds the endless body that is exposed from the ground surface in a state in which the excavated body is raised most with respect to the base machine by relative movement of the extension cover with respect to the base cover, and the excavated body is a base machine The endless body exposed from the ground surface in the most lowered state is expanded and contracted so that it can be switched to a shortened posture surrounding the axis, and the lower end of the cover body enters the cover body. A foreign object detection means is provided for detecting whether or not a foreign object larger than a preset size is attached to the endless excavation blade, and the foreign object larger than the size is detected by the foreign object detection means. And an excavator further comprising control means for controlling the drive unit so as to stop the circulation drive of the endless body. Subjected to.

According to the present invention, since the cover body provided on the excavating body is configured to be stretchable between the extended posture and the shortened posture, the endless body exposed to the ground surface regardless of the lifted position of the excavating body. It is possible to reliably prevent the earth and sand from being scattered around the axis of the excavation frame.

The excavated body is formed in a telescope type having a base cover and an extension cover that is displaceable relative to the base cover through an inner or outer region of the base cover. Unlike the conventional technology, which requires a sheet material that satisfies both high strength and strength, the cover body is reliably secured by relative displacement of both covers while using a material having a high strength material such as a metal material for both covers. Can be expanded and contracted.

Furthermore, according to the present invention , when a large foreign matter adheres to the excavation blade that enters the cover body, the drive of the endless body can be stopped, so that a foreign matter having a size larger than a preset size is covered. By preventing entry into the deep part (upper part) of the body, it is possible to suppress damage to components (for example, a motor that drives an endless body) disposed inside the cover body. .

  Specifically, the foreign matter detection means has a detection plate whose upper end is supported by the lower end of the cover body so as to be swingable about a horizontal axis, and in a direction in which the detection plate swings inward of the cover body. Biasing means for biasing and swinging of the detection plate to the inside of the cover body so that the lower end portion of the detection plate is separated from the excavating blade by a distance corresponding to the preset size And a swing position detecting means for detecting whether or not the detection plate swings outside the cover body, and the lower end of the detection plate has a cover body as it goes upward. An inner side surface that is inclined inward is formed, and the detection plate is attached to the cover body by slidingly contacting the inner side surface and the foreign matter having a predetermined size or more attached to the excavating blade that enters the inside of the cover body. It can be set as the structure rock | fluctuated outside.

  According to this configuration, when a foreign object having a size larger than the preset size is attached to the excavation blade that enters the inside of the cover body, the foreign object and the inner surface of the detection plate are in sliding contact with each other. The plate swings outside the cover body, and this swing is detected by the swing position detecting means, whereby it is possible to detect that a large foreign matter is attached and stop the endless body.

  The excavator further includes second restricting means for restricting the detection plate from swinging outside the cover body in a posture controlled by the restricting means, and the second restricting means is configured to swing the detection plate. It is preferable to be configured to be freely transitionable between a restriction state for restricting the movement and an allowable state for allowing the swing.

  According to this configuration, the state where the gap between the detection plate and the endless body can be reduced by holding the detection plate in a swinging posture toward the inside of the cover body can be maintained. When a foreign object smaller than a preset size enters the inside of the cover body and the foreign object comes off the inside of the cover body, the range for the foreign object to fall outside the cover body is defined as the cover body and the excavating blade. It is possible to make the scattering range of the foreign matter smaller by limiting to a narrow gap.

  On the other hand, since the second restricting means is allowed to transition to a state that allows the detection plate to swing outside the cover body, in this allowable state, the above-described foreign matter detecting means and control are performed. Depending on the means, it is possible to prevent a large foreign matter from entering the deep part of the cover body.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, at the time of extraction work of an excavation frame, scattering of earth and sand on the ground can be prevented reliably.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a side view showing an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the excavator of FIG.

  With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the excavator 1 includes a base machine 2. The base machine 2 includes a lower traveling body 3 provided with a crawler 3a, and an upper revolving body 4 disposed on the lower traveling body 3 so as to be capable of swiveling.

  The upper swing body 4 includes a leader 5 erected at a front portion thereof, an excavation body 6 attached to the leader 5 so as to be movable up and down, and an elevating cylinder (elevation drive unit) 7 that raises and lowers the excavation body 6. And a cover body 8 attached to the excavation body 6.

  The leader 5 has a cylindrical shape extending in the vertical direction, and a bracket 9 provided at an upper portion thereof is connected to a predetermined portion of the upper swing body 4 via a stay 10. A pair of left and right rails 11 extending vertically are fixed to the leader 5, and the excavation body 6 is slidably mounted along the rails 11.

  FIG. 3 is a front sectional view showing the excavated body 6 of FIG. 1 with a part thereof omitted. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.

  1 to 4, the excavated body 6 includes a base 12, a sprocket 14 provided on the base 12, a motor (drive unit) 15 that rotationally drives the base 12, and a cutter that extends downward from the base 12. A main body 16 and an excavation chain (endless body) 17 spanned between the cutter main body 16 and the sprocket 14 are provided. The base 12 and the cutter main body 16 are attached to the rail 11 via a slider 18. ing.

  The cutter body 16 includes an upper excavation frame 19 connected to the lower end of the base 12, an intermediate excavation frame 20 detachably connected to the lower end of the upper excavation frame 19, and a lower end of the intermediate excavation frame 20. And a lower excavation frame 21 detachably connected to the lower excavation frame 21 and an idler 22 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) attached to the lower end of the lower excavation frame 21.

  Then, an endless excavation chain 17 having a plurality of cutter bits 23 (excavation blades: see FIG. 4) arranged on the front and back is spanned between the idler 22 and the sprocket 14, thereby the sprocket 14. The chain cutter is constituted by the motor 15 and the cutter body 16.

  In this embodiment, the cutter body 16 can be extended in the vertical direction by adding a plurality of intermediate excavation frames 20 and excavation chains 17 between the upper excavation frame 19 and the lower excavation frame 21. It is said that.

  The elevating cylinder 7 elevates the excavated body 6 within the range where the rail 11 is formed, that is, within a preset elevating range (for example, 5 m).

  Further, the elevating cylinder 7 is provided with a rod detection sensor 58 (see FIG. 8) for detecting the expansion / contraction position of the rod. The rod detection sensor 58 includes, for example, a cable that follows the expansion and contraction operation of the rod, a cable reel that is biased in the winding direction of the cable, and a rotary encoder that detects the rotational position of the cable reel. It can be.

  The cover body 8 includes a base cover 24 fixed to the excavation body 6, a first extension cover 25 fitted outside the base cover 24, and a second extension fitted outside the first extension cover 25. A cover 26, a foreign object detection means 40 attached to the lower end of the second extension cover 26, and an extension drive means (extension drive part) 27 for extending and retracting each of the extension covers 24 and 25 relative to the base cover 24 are provided. Each of the covers 24 to 26 is configured to surround the excavation chain 17 around the axis line (vertical axis) of the excavation frames 19 to 21.

  The base cover 24 is formed in a bottomed container shape that has a substantially rectangular cross section with the longitudinal direction facing left and right and opens downward. Further, a notch portion 28 penetrating the wall surface is formed on the rear wall surface of the base cover 24, and an edge portion of the notch portion 28 is fixed to the base 12 via a bracket 29.

  Further, rails 30 extending in the vertical direction and guide rollers 31 are provided on the left and right outer surfaces of the base cover 24.

  The first extension cover 25 and the second extension cover 26 are each formed in a substantially rectangular cross-section with the longitudinal direction oriented in the left-right direction, and are notched through the rear wall surface so as to avoid interference with the base 12. The part 32 and the notch part 37 are members formed respectively.

  On the left and right inner surfaces of the first extension cover 25, there are provided a guide roller 33 that is in rolling contact with the rail 30, and a rail 34 that extends vertically and supports the guide roller 31 so as to be able to roll and contact. On the other hand, rails 35 that extend vertically and guide rollers 36 are provided on the left and right outer surfaces of the first extension cover 25.

  On the left and right inner surfaces of the second extension cover 26, there are provided a guide roller 38 that is in rolling contact with the rail 35, and a rail 39 that extends in the vertical direction and supports the guide roller 36 so as to be capable of rolling contact.

  A sheave 41 on which a rope 44 (to be described later) is hung is provided on the left and right outer surfaces of the first extension cover 25, while a sheave on which the rope 44 is hung on the left and right upper ends of the second extension cover 26. 42 (see FIG. 3) is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the telescopic driving means 27 includes a pair of left and right winches 43 fixed to the upper surface (upper end) of the base cover 24, a pair of ropes 44 wound around the winches 43, and the winch. A winch motor 59 (see FIG. 8) that rotationally drives 43 is provided, and each winch 43 is rotated by driving the winch motor 59, whereby each rope 44 can be wound or unwound. .

  The rope 44 is stretched over the sheave 41 of the first extension cover 25 through a sheave 45 provided on the base cover 24 and directed upward, and is spanned over the sheave 42 of the second extension cover 26. The lower end portion is fixed to the outer surface of the second extension cover 26 by a mounting member 46.

  Therefore, the hoist chain 17 can be opened in the shortened posture shown in the left side of FIG. 3 by winding the rope 44 with each winch 43, while the cover 44 can be opened by lowering the rope 44 with each winch 43. The excavation chain 17 can be surrounded around the axis line (vertical axis) of the excavation frames 19 to 21 with the body 8 in the extended posture shown on the right side of FIG.

  The stroke D <b> 1 from the shortened posture to the extended posture is substantially the same as the lift range of the lift cylinder 7.

  FIG. 5 is an enlarged front sectional view showing the foreign matter detection means 40 of FIG.

  Referring to FIGS. 3 and 5, the foreign object detection means 40 includes three detection plates 47 that are swingably attached to the second extension cover 26 around the horizontal axis J1. That is, each detection plate 47 swings about a horizontal axis J1 extending in the front-rear direction with respect to the left and right side walls of the second extension cover 26 and about a horizontal axis J1 (not shown) extending in the left-right direction with respect to the front wall. It is supposed to be movable. Hereinafter, only the detection plate 47 provided on the right side and the surrounding configuration will be described.

  The foreign matter detection means 40 includes the detection plate 47, an unillustrated winding spring (biasing means) for urging the detection plate 47 in a direction of swinging toward the inside of the second extension cover 26, and the detection plate 47. A regulation block (regulation means) 48 that regulates the inward swing of the second extension cover 26, a regulation lever 49 that regulates the swing of the detection plate 47 to the outside of the second extension cover 26, and the detection plate 47 A limit switch (swing position detecting means) 50 (see FIG. 7) for detecting whether or not the second extension cover 26 has swung is provided.

  The detection plate 47 is attached in a state of being biased around the horizontal axis J1 by a biasing means (not shown) so that the lower end portion thereof faces the excavation chain 17 side.

  The detection plate 47 includes a plate main body 51 and a bent portion 52 bent from the plate main body 51. The bent portion 52 is formed with a protruding portion 53 that protrudes toward the excavation chain 17 side. The lower surface of the protrusion 53 is a cam surface (inner surface) 53a that inclines toward the excavation chain 17 as it goes upward.

  Then, the detection plate 47 is brought into contact with a plate main body 51 that swings inward of the second extension cover 26 by the urging force of the winding spring (not shown) and the restriction block 48, thereby lowering the lower portion of the plate main body 51. Is disposed to be inclined toward the excavation chain 17 side, and the bent portion 52 is disposed downward, and the distance between the projection 53 and the excavation chain 17 at this time is set to a foreign substance allowable dimension D2 described later. ing.

  A bearing member 54 through which the horizontal axis J1 passes is provided at the upper end of the detection plate 47. The bearing member 54 is formed with a bracket portion 54a extending to the outside of the second extension cover 26, and a through hole 54b is formed at the distal end portion of the bracket portion 54a along the axial direction of the horizontal axis J1.

  The restriction lever 49 is pivotally supported in a cantilevered manner around an axis J2 parallel to the axis J1 with respect to a bracket 55 protruding from the outer surface of the second extension cover 26. A through hole 55 a that matches the through hole 54 b of the bearing member 54 is formed at the tip of the regulating lever 49. That is, the restriction lever 49, the bracket 55, and the shaft J2 constitute a second restriction means.

  Then, by inserting the restriction pin 56 into the through hole 55a and the through hole 54b, the detection plate 47 is restricted from swinging outside the second extension cover 26 (hereinafter, this state is referred to as a locked state). Called). On the other hand, by pulling out the restricting pin 56 from both the through holes 54b and 55a, as shown in FIG. 6, the detection plate 47 is allowed to swing outwardly from the second extension cover 26 (hereinafter, this state is referred to as this state). Called the release state).

  That is, in the locked state shown in FIG. 5, foreign matter such as earth and sand adhering to the cutter bit 23 of the excavation chain 17 is detached at the inner position of the cover body 8 and around the second extension cover 26 as shown by an arrow Y1. Even if it is about to scatter, it can collide with the detection plate 47 inclined inward with respect to the second extension cover 26 and can be turned to the excavation chain 17 side as shown by the arrow Y2, Thereby, the fall range of the foreign substance derived | led-out from the cover body 8 can be narrowed.

  On the other hand, by setting the release state shown in FIG. 6, it is possible to prevent foreign matter U having a foreign matter allowable dimension D2 or more set in advance from entering the inside of the cover body 8.

  In other words, in the released state, the distance between the cutter bit 23 and the projection 53 of the excavation chain 17 is set to the foreign object allowable dimension D2, and the detection plate 47 swings outside the second extension cover 26. Is allowed.

  Therefore, when the cutter bit 23 to which the foreign matter U having a foreign matter allowable dimension D2 or more is attached enters the inside of the second extension cover 26, the foreign matter U is protruded 53 as shown in FIG. By sliding with respect to the cam surface 53 a, the detection plate 47 is pushed and spread to the outside of the second extension cover 26.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 7B, the limit switch 50 provided on the outer surface of the second extension cover 26 is pushed by the swinging detection plate 47, and the detection plate 47 swings. Is detected.

  The excavator 1 according to the present embodiment is provided with a controller 60 that controls the above-described configuration.

  FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a main part of the controller mounted on the excavator 1 of FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 8, the controller 60 includes a CPU that executes various arithmetic processes, a RAM or ROM that is used as a storage area for initial settings, and the like, and includes an automatic mode control unit 61, a manual mode control unit 62, and an emergency mode. It mainly functions as the stop control means 63.

  Specifically, the controller 60 switches between an automatic mode in which the automatic mode control means 61 functions and a manual mode in which the manual mode control means 62 functions by an input operation of a changeover switch 64 provided in the upper swing body 4. Is configured to be possible.

  The automatic mode control means 61 specifies the height dimension of the excavation chain 17 exposed to the ground surface based on the lift position of the rod of the lift cylinder 7 detected by the rod detection sensor 58, and excavates the range of this height dimension. The winch motor 59 is driven as much as the chain 17 can be surrounded to extend the cover body 8. In addition, in this embodiment, although it is comprised so that the raising / lowering position of a rod may always be detected and a cover body may be expanded-contracted, you may perform the detection timing of the said rod detection sensor 58 for every predetermined time.

  The manual mode control means 62 is configured to expand and contract the cover body 8 by driving the winch motor 59 by the input operation of the occupant by the operation portion 65 comprising a lever or the like provided on the upper swing body 4. .

  The emergency stop control means 63 stops the motor 15 for driving the excavation chain 17 when the limit switch 50 detects that the detection plate 47 has swung (as shown in FIG. 7). .

  Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, a procedure for pulling up the cutter main body 16 in the excavation work using the excavator 1 will be described.

  When performing excavation work, as shown in FIG. 1, the position where the lifting cylinder 7 is shortened most, that is, the cover body 8 is in a shortened posture, and the lower end of the detection plate 47 is at the height of the ground surface. It is considered as a position.

  From this state, when switching to the automatic mode by the input operation of the changeover switch 64 and extending the elevating cylinder 7, the controller 60 operates the winch motor 59 so that the cover body 8 is extended in accordance with the ascending operation of the excavating body 6. . As a result, finally, as shown on the right side of FIG. 3, the cover body 8 is in the extended posture, and the ground portion of the excavation chain 17 is covered even though the excavation body 6 is raised.

  Next, the motor 15 is stopped, the circulation drive of the excavation chain 17 is stopped, the operation mode is switched to the manual mode by the input operation of the changeover switch 64, and the winch motor 59 is driven, as shown on the left side of FIG. The cover body 8 is set to a shortened posture.

  As a result, the excavation chain 17 is opened to the side by the stroke D1 from the shortened posture to the extended posture, and in this state, the intermediate excavation frame 20 opened on the ground is moved to the other excavation frames 19 to 21. And the excavation chain 17 provided along the intermediate frame 20 is separated, and the intermediate excavation frame 20 and the excavation chain 17 are extracted.

  Next, the drilling body 6 is lowered by shortening the lifting cylinder 7 by the length of the intermediate drilling frame 20 to connect the other drilling frame 20 or 21 to the upper drilling frame 19, and the lifting cylinder By shortening 7 and lowering the excavated body 6 to the lowest position, the state shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 is obtained.

  And the cutter main body 16 can be pulled out to the ground by repeating the procedure mentioned above.

  Next, a procedure for inserting (standing) the cutter body 16 into the ground will be described.

  First, the cutter body 16 is connected to the upper excavation frame 19 and the lower excavation frame 21 and to the excavation chains 17 corresponding to the excavation frames 19 and 21 (ie, the intermediate excavation frame 20 and this). The excavation chain 17 corresponding to is not connected).

  Next, the cover body 8 is extended so as to surround the cutter body 16 (excavation chain 17) exposed on the ground surface, and after switching to the automatic mode by the input device of the changeover switch 64, the motor 15 is operated to operate the excavation chain. 17 is driven to circulate, and the excavated body 6 is lowered in this state.

  Thereby, the cutter main body 16 is inserted in the excavation hole formed previously. At this time, a part of the excavation hole is cut by the excavation chain 17, and foreign matter such as earth and sand is led to the ground surface by the circulation drive of the excavation chain 17 at this time. Will not scatter.

  Further, when the excavating body 6 is lowered, the cover body 8 is shortened in accordance with the shortening of the lifting cylinder 7.

  Then, when the excavated body 6 is lowered to a preset position (position on the near side where the excavated body 6 is most lowered), the excavation body 6 is stopped descending and the motor 15 is stopped to stop the excavated chain 17. Stop circulating drive.

  Next, by switching to the manual mode by the input device of the changeover switch 64 and driving the winch motor 59, the cover body 8 is brought into a shortened posture as shown on the left side of FIG.

  As a result, a part of the cutter body 16 exposed on the ground surface is released from the cover body 8, and in this state, the upper excavation frame 19 and the lower excavation frame 20 are separated on the ground, and the excavation frame 19, An intermediate excavation frame 21 is added between 20.

  Thereafter, the cover body 8 is extended to surround the cutter body 16 and the automatic mode is switched. Then, the excavation body 6 is lowered while the excavation chain 17 is circulated and the above-described procedure for adding the intermediate excavation frame 20 is repeated. It will be.

  As described above, according to the excavator 1 according to the above-described embodiment, the cover body 8 provided on the excavation body 6 is configured to be extendable and contractable between the extended posture and the shortened posture. The excavation chain 17 exposed on the ground surface is surrounded around the axis of the excavation frames 19 to 21 regardless of the ascending / descending position of 6, and it is possible to reliably prevent the earth and sand from scattering.

  The excavation body 6 is formed in a telescope type having a base cover 24 and extension covers 25 and 26 that are displaceable relative to the base cover 24 through a region outside the base cover 24. Therefore, the cover body 8 can be reliably expanded and contracted by the relative displacement of the covers 19 to 21 while using a material having a high strength material such as a metal material for the covers 24 to 26.

  Further, if the cover body 8 is configured to be expanded and contracted by the winch motor 59 as in the above-described embodiment, a portion exposed from the ground surface by operating the expansion / contraction drive unit 27 when performing maintenance of the excavation chain 17 or the like. The drilling chain 17 can be released from the cover body 8.

  Further, the winch motor 59 has a length that allows the cover body 8 to surround the excavation chain 17 exposed from the ground surface based on the lift position of the excavation body 6 detected by the rod detection sensor 58 as in the above embodiment. If the driving of the drilling body 6 is controlled, the cover body 8 is expanded and contracted in synchronization with the lifting and lowering operation of the drilling body 6 by the lifting cylinder 7, so that the excavation chain 17 exposed to the ground surface according to the lifting position of the drilling body 6. The length of the cover body 8 can be automatically adjusted so that it can be surrounded.

  In addition, when the winch motor 59 is provided at the upper end of the base cover 24 as in the above embodiment, a large number of earth and sand are scattered inside the cover body 8 due to the circulation drive of the excavation chain 17. Even if it exists, the influence which the said earth and sand etc. have on a winch motor can be reduced.

  According to the above-described embodiment, when the foreign material U larger than the foreign material allowable dimension D2 is attached to the cutter bit 23 of the excavation chain 17 entering the cover body 8, the circulation drive of the excavation chain 17 is stopped. A component (for example, a motor 15) disposed inside the cover body 8 by preventing the foreign substance U having a size larger than the foreign substance allowable dimension D2 from entering the deep part (upper part) of the cover body 8 in advance. ) Can be suppressed.

  Here, by connecting the restriction lever 49 to the detection plate 47, the detection plate 47 is attached to the cover body 8 according to the above-described embodiment in which the swing of the detection plate 47 to the outside of the cover body 8 is restricted. Since the gap between the detection plate 47 and the excavation chain 17 can be kept small by holding in a posture that swings inward, the cutter bit 23 covers the foreign matter U smaller than the foreign matter allowable dimension D2. When the foreign substance U enters the inside of the body 8 and separates inside the cover body 8, the range for the foreign substance U to fall outside the cover body 8 is a narrow gap between the cover body 8 and the cutter bit 23. In a limited manner, the scattering range of the foreign matter U can be further reduced.

  On the other hand, when the detection plate 47 is allowed to swing to the outside of the cover body 8 by withdrawing the shaft J2 from the regulating lever 49, the limit switch 50 and the controller 60 cause the large foreign matter U to go deep into the cover body 8. Can be prevented from entering.

  In addition to the above-described embodiment, the excavation chain 17 can be cleaned by providing the scraping member 66 as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.

  FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4 showing an excavator according to another embodiment of the present invention. 10A is an enlarged left side view of the scraping member of FIG. 9, and FIG. 10B is an exploded perspective view of the clamping member of FIG. In addition, about the structure similar to embodiment mentioned above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The scraping member 66 includes a pair of left and right brackets 67 extending forward from the upper excavation frame 19, a pair of left and right arms 68 supported by the brackets 67 so as to be swingable about a vertical axis J3, and the lower excavation. A pair of support portions 69 extending from the frame 21 to the left and right sides, a holding portion 70 provided on each arm 68, and a plurality of brush pieces 71 held by the holding portion 70 are provided.

  The bracket 67 and the support portion 69 are fixed to the lower excavation frame 21 at a common height position surrounded by the second extension frame 26.

  The arm 68 is a member formed in an L shape in plan view. One end is pivotally supported by the vertical axis J3, and the other end is inserted into and removed from the support portion 69 by inserting and removing the connecting pin 72. It is supposed to be detachable.

  Therefore, the arm 68 fixed to the support portion 69 by the connecting pin 72 has one side 68a arranged in the left-right direction in a plan view and the other side 68b arranged in the front-rear direction.

  The clamping unit 70 is provided on the side 68 b of the arm 68. Further, the sandwiching portion 70 includes plate members 73 that are paired up and down and a plurality of bolts 74 that penetrate the plate members 73 up and down, and is formed to face each plate member 73 by fastening the bolts 74. Each brush piece 71 is sandwiched in the plurality of concave grooves 73a.

  Specifically, the brushes 71 sandwiched in the concave grooves 73 are arranged along the left-right direction in a state where the arms 68 are fixed by the connecting pins 72, and the inner terminals are arranged in the front-rear direction. It is arranged between the plurality of cutter bits 23.

  According to this embodiment, in the process in which each brush piece 71 fixed to the excavating body 6 and the cutter bit 23 that is driven to circulate relatively move, dirt and the like attached to the cutter bit 23 by each brush piece 71 is removed. Since it can be removed, the excavation operation and the cleaning operation of the cutter bit 23 can be performed in parallel, and the trouble of cleaning the cutter bit 23 can be reduced.

  In particular, in the embodiment, since the scraping member 66 is provided in the range (vertical position) surrounded by the cover body 8, foreign matters such as earth and sand scraped off by the scraping member 66 are scattered around. The cutter bit 23 can be cleaned while being prevented by the cover body 8.

  In the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the extension covers 25 and 26 are fitted on the outside of the base cover 24 is described. However, the extension covers 25 and 26 are fitted on the inside of the base cover 24. In addition, the number of the extension covers 25 and 26 is not limited to two.

  In the embodiment, the cover body 8 is expanded and contracted by winding or lowering the rope 44 by the winch motor 59. However, the expansion / contraction driving means 27 is not limited to this configuration. The cover body 8 can be expanded and contracted by the expansion and contraction operation of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder.

  Furthermore, in the said embodiment, in the state which lowered | hung the excavation body 6 most, it is set to the length dimension in which the lower end part of the cover body 8 made into the shortened posture contacts the ground, but the length of the cover body 8 is set. The dimension does not necessarily need to be set so as to be in contact with the ground, and can be adjusted within a range in which earth and sand are not scattered around at least between the cover body 8 and the ground.

1 is a side view showing an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of the excavator of FIG. It is front sectional drawing which abbreviate | omits and shows a part of drive device of FIG. It is the IV-IV sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is front sectional drawing which expands and shows the foreign material detection means of FIG. It is front sectional drawing which made the foreign material detection means of FIG. 5 the cancellation | release state. (A) is front sectional drawing which shows the state which the detection plate of the foreign material detection means of FIG. 5 rock | fluctuated outside the cover body, (b) is a figure which expands and shows a part of (a). . It is a block diagram which shows the electric constitution of the excavator of FIG. FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4 showing an excavator according to another embodiment of the present invention. (A) is an enlarged left side view of the scraping member of FIG. 9, and (b) is an exploded perspective view of the clamping member of (a).

D1 stroke (distance corresponding to the lift range of the lift drive)
D2 Foreign material tolerance (pre-set size)
J1 horizontal axis J2 axis (second regulating means)
U Foreign object 1 Excavator 2 Base machine 5 Leader 6 Excavator 7 Elevating cylinder (elevating drive unit)
8 Cover body 15 Motor (drive part)
17 Drilling chain (endless body)
19 Upper drilling frame (drilling frame)
20 Intermediate drilling frame (drilling frame)
21 Lower drilling frame (drilling frame)
23 Cutter bit (drilling blade)
24 Base cover 25 First extension cover (extension cover)
26 Second extension cover (extension cover)
27 Extension drive means (Extension drive part)
40 Foreign object detection means 47 Detection plate 48 Restriction block (regulation means)
49 Control lever (second control means)
50 Limit switch (oscillation position detection means)
55 Bracket (second regulating means)
56 Restriction pin (second restriction means)
58 Rod detection sensor (detection means)
60 controller (control means)
66 Scraping member

Claims (4)

The base machine has an endless body having an excavation frame extending in the vertical direction, an endless body having an excavation blade spanned between rotating bodies disposed above and below the excavation frame, and a drive unit for circulatingly driving the endless body. An excavation body that is mounted so as to be movable up and down at least is provided. The excavation body is lowered to insert a excavation frame into the ground, and the endless body is driven to circulate by the drive unit, thereby excavating soil in the ground. An excavator that
A cover body provided on the excavation body and surrounding the endless body about the axis of the excavation frame;
The cover body includes a base cover fixed to the excavation body, and an extension cover that is attached to the base cover so as to be relatively displaceable in the axial direction through an inner or outer region of the base cover. ,
The cover body includes an extended posture that surrounds the endless body exposed from the ground surface in a state where the excavated body is raised most with respect to a base machine by the relative movement of the extension cover with respect to the base cover, and the excavation position Expanding and contracting so that the endless body exposed from the ground surface can be switched to a shortened posture that surrounds the axis when the body is lowered most with respect to the base machine ,
An elevating drive unit for elevating the excavator with respect to the base machine;
An extension / contraction drive unit that extends and contracts the cover body between the extended posture and the shortened posture;
Detection means for detecting the lift position of the excavated body by the lift drive unit;
Control means for controlling the drive of the telescopic drive unit so that the cover body has a length that can surround the endless body exposed from the ground surface based on the lift position detected by the detection means. An excavator further comprising: The base machine has an endless body having an excavation frame extending in the vertical direction, an endless body having an excavation blade spanned between rotating bodies disposed above and below the excavation frame, and a drive unit for circulatingly driving the endless body. An excavation body that is mounted so as to be movable up and down at least is provided. The excavation body is lowered to insert a excavation frame into the ground, and the endless body is driven to circulate by the drive unit, thereby excavating soil in the ground. An excavator that
A cover body provided on the excavation body and surrounding the endless body about the axis of the excavation frame;
The cover body includes a base cover fixed to the excavation body, and an extension cover that is attached to the base cover so as to be relatively displaceable in the axial direction through an inner or outer region of the base cover. ,
The cover body includes an extended posture that surrounds the endless body exposed from the ground surface in a state where the excavated body is raised most with respect to a base machine by the relative movement of the extension cover with respect to the base cover, and the excavation position Expanding and contracting so that the endless body exposed from the ground surface can be switched to a shortened posture that surrounds the axis when the body is lowered most with respect to the base machine,
An excavator, wherein a scraping member is fixed to the excavation body so as to face the excavation blade of the endless body within a range surrounded by the cover body. The base machine has an endless body having an excavation frame extending in the vertical direction, an endless body having an excavation blade spanned between rotating bodies disposed above and below the excavation frame, and a drive unit for circulatingly driving the endless body. An excavation body that is mounted so as to be movable up and down at least is provided. The excavation body is lowered to insert a excavation frame into the ground, and the endless body is driven to circulate by the drive unit, thereby excavating soil in the ground. An excavator that
A cover body provided on the excavation body and surrounding the endless body about the axis of the excavation frame;
The cover body includes a base cover fixed to the excavation body, and an extension cover that is attached to the base cover so as to be relatively displaceable in the axial direction through an inner or outer region of the base cover. ,
The cover body includes an extended posture that surrounds the endless body exposed from the ground surface in a state where the excavated body is raised most with respect to a base machine by the relative movement of the extension cover with respect to the base cover, and the excavation position Expanding and contracting so that the endless body exposed from the ground surface can be switched to a shortened posture that surrounds the axis when the body is lowered most with respect to the base machine,
An elevating drive unit for elevating the excavating body with respect to the base machine, and a telescopic drive unit for extending and contracting the cover body between the extended posture and the shortened posture,
The telescopic drive unit includes a winch attached to an upper end of the base cover, a motor that rotationally drives the winch, and a rope that is wound up or down by the rotational drive of the winch, and the rope is wound up or lowered. An excavator characterized in that the cover body is expanded and contracted by raising and lowering the extension cover with respect to the base cover according to operation. The base machine has an endless body having an excavation frame extending in the vertical direction, an endless body having an excavation blade spanned between rotating bodies disposed above and below the excavation frame, and a drive unit for circulatingly driving the endless body. An excavation body that is mounted so as to be movable up and down at least is provided. The excavation body is lowered to insert a excavation frame into the ground, and the endless body is driven to circulate by the drive unit, thereby excavating soil in the ground. An excavator that
A cover body provided on the excavation body and surrounding the endless body about the axis of the excavation frame;
The cover body includes a base cover fixed to the excavation body, and an extension cover that is attached to the base cover so as to be relatively displaceable in the axial direction through an inner or outer region of the base cover. ,
The cover body includes an extended posture that surrounds the endless body exposed from the ground surface in a state where the excavated body is raised most with respect to a base machine by the relative movement of the extension cover with respect to the base cover, and the excavation position Expanding and contracting so that the endless body exposed from the ground surface can be switched to a shortened posture that surrounds the axis when the body is lowered most with respect to the base machine,
The lower end portion of the cover body is provided with a foreign object detection means for detecting whether or not a foreign object having a size larger than a preset size is attached to the excavation blade of the endless body entering the cover body. And further comprising control means for controlling the drive unit so as to stop the circulation drive of the endless body when the foreign matter is detected by the foreign matter detection means. Excavator to do.

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