JP4632966B2 - Method for producing electrolytic metal powder - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing electrolytic metal powders such as silver and copper, particularly electrolytic copper powders with high quality and high yield by an electrolytic method.

  Conventionally, in the field of electrolytic metal powder production, electrolysis is performed using a raw material such as silver or copper as an anode, and at that time, silver or copper, which is a metal eluted from the anode, is deposited on the cathode plate to achieve high purity. Metal powders such as silver and copper are produced (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  However, in the method for producing electrolytic copper powder by this method, copper elutes from the anode in excess of the amount of electricity added, so it is necessary to remove the extra eluted copper in separate electrolysis. In addition to being complicated, it was difficult to produce high-quality metal powder. This separate electrolysis is generally called copper removal electrolysis or copper electrowinning. Conventionally, lead has been used as an anode in this copper removal electrolysis.

  However, when copper removal electrolysis is performed using a lead plate as an anode, it is inevitable that lead peeled off from the surface of the anode lead is mixed into the copper collected at the cathode. Since copper mixed with lead has low value as a product, it is generally often re-dissolved as a copper raw material. Also, as a general problem with lead anodes, it is heavy, and in addition to being difficult to handle, the consumption as lead anodes is non-uniform, so non-uniform current distribution is likely to occur during electrolysis, This causes a problem of poor deposition of cathode copper. Further, in addition to the fact that the lead plate itself such as Pb-Sb is thick and the distance between the electrodes cannot be taken, the lead electrode is deformed during electrolysis, so that a short-circuit accident with the cathode has been a problem.

  Therefore, in recent years, as an anode for this copper removal electrolysis, instead of a lead plate, a film-forming metal such as titanium, tantalum or niobium is used as a base, and a film of an electrode active material containing a noble metal or its oxide is formed on the surface thereof. An applied insoluble anode has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

JP 2001-214291 A JP 2005-163096 A

  However, the present inventors used a film-forming metal such as titanium, tantalum or niobium as a base as an anode for producing electrolytic copper powder, and applied a film of an electrode active material containing a noble metal or an oxide thereof on the surface thereof. Using an insoluble anode, an acidic solution containing copper ions as the electrolyte was used, and as a result of many experiments, this method produced fine bubbles on the surface of the insoluble anode. It has been found that the bubbles float inside and the bubbles are entrained in the copper powder formed on the cathode, and the bubbles cause the copper powder to be oxidized, resulting in an abnormal quality.

The cause is that the surface of a conventional lead plate electrode is dense and bubbles generated from the surface are large, whereas a film-forming metal such as titanium, tantalum, or niobium is used as a base, and the surface is precious metal or its When an insoluble anode coated with an electrode active material containing an oxide is used, the electrode active material on the surface has a fine three-dimensional structure and there are many voids, so bubbles generated from the surface become fine. It is considered a thing. In addition, when the bubbles generated from the surface become fine in this way, when the bubbles evaporate from the surface of the electrolytic solution, the electrolytic solution adheres to the fine bubbles, and the electrolytic solution scatters together with the bubbles, and the indoor environment is It was found to be seriously harmed.

  In the production of electrolytic metal powder, the present invention aims to improve the quality of the metal powder by enlarging the bubbles generated from the anode and allowing the bubbles generated from the anode to escape on the cathode. To prevent the metal powder from being caught in the metal, improving the quality and yield of the metal powder, and preventing the electrolyte from scattering with the bubbles when the bubbles evaporate from the electrolyte. It aims at providing the technology to do.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention immerses the anode and the cathode in an electrolytic solution made of a sulfuric acid acid solution containing metal ions, conducts an electrolysis by passing a direct current, and powders on the cathode In the method for producing electrolytic metal powder, which is produced by depositing a metal powder, the anode has a film of an electrode active material containing a noble metal or an oxide thereof on the surface of the substrate made of a film-forming metal, and the surface thereof. , in which the coating amount was used an insoluble anode to form a sintered coating of 1~400g / m ² thick perfluoro type fluorine-containing resin.

  The second problem solving means is that the sulfuric acid acidic solution containing metal ions is a sulfuric acid acidic solution containing copper ions, and the powdered metal powder is copper powder.

  Furthermore, a third problem-solving means is one in which the noble metal or its oxide is iridium oxide.

  Further, the fourth problem solving means is that the perfluoro fluororesin is a perfluoro fluororesin containing polytetrafluoroethylene.

  Further, the fifth problem solving means is that the perfluoro fluororesin is a perfluoro fluororesin containing a perfluorosulfonic acid copolymer.

According to the present invention, in the production of the electrolytic metal powder, an insoluble anode having a coating amount of 1 to 400 g / m ² thick and a perfluoro fluororesin fired film is used on the surface thereof. The fired film of fluororesin has a fine three-dimensional structure and enters a part of the voids on the surface of the insoluble anode with many voids, and the porosity decreases, so that the bubbles generated from the anode surface can be enlarged, Larger bubbles easily escape from the electrolyte solution in a short time, and this is a disadvantage when using an insoluble electrode. Quality deterioration due to entrainment of bubbles generated from the anode surface in the electrolytic metal powder. It has become possible to improve the quality of electrolytic metal powder as a product. Moreover, since the enlarged bubbles easily escape from the electrolyte solution in a short time, there is no scattering of the electrolyte solution when the bubbles evaporate, and only the bubbles evaporate, thereby preventing environmental pollution due to the scattering of the electrolyte solution. I was able to do it.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, an electrolytic solution 3 made of a sulfuric acid acidic solution containing metal ions is placed in a cell 4, and a noble metal or a noble metal or metal is formed on the surface of a substrate made of a film-forming metal. A film of an electrode active material containing the oxide is formed, and an insoluble anode 1 and a cathode 2 made of a titanium plate on which a fired film of a perfluoro-based fluororesin is formed are immersed in a DC current via a rectifier 5. To perform electrolysis, and deposit powder metal powder on the cathode 2 to produce electrolytic metal powder. When producing an electrolytic copper powder as the electrolytic metal powder, the sulfuric acid acidic solution containing copper ions is used as the electrolytic solution 3 made of a sulfuric acid acidic solution containing metal ions.

  Examples of the film-forming metal include titanium, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, and alloys thereof.

  Examples of the electrode active material containing a noble metal or an oxide thereof include iridium, platinum, ruthenium, palladium, osmium, gold, silver, or an oxide thereof. In electrolysis of a sulfuric acid solution in the present invention, Most preferred is iridium oxide which is resistant to sulfuric acid solutions.

The perfluoro fluororesin must be resistant to sulfuric acid electrolyte, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or perfluorosulfonic acid copolymer is preferable. As this perfluoro fluororesin, Mitsui and Dupont fluoro are used. PTFE30-J manufactured by Chemical Co., Ltd., Nafion (registered trademark) 117 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., and the like can be used. As the coating amount of perfluoro type fluorine-containing resins, it is necessary 1~400g / m ² thickness, 1 g / m ² In the following, resistant to the electrolyte solution composed of sulfuric acid solution containing metal ions It corroded in several hours and could not be used. On the other hand, if the coating amount of the perfluoro fluororesin is too large, the fired film of the perfluoro fluororesin completely covers the surface of the insoluble anode, and the electrode catalyst function as an insoluble anode cannot be exhibited. Therefore, the perfluoro fluororesin is preferably 400 g / m ² or less.

  Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples and comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

<Example 1>
Permelec is an insoluble anode in which an electrode active material containing iridium oxide is formed on the surface of a titanium plate by applying an iridium chloride-containing solution to the surface of the titanium plate after pickling and drying, heating and baking the solution. On the surface of DSE manufactured by Electrode Co., Ltd. Polytetrafluoroethylene made of PTFE 30-J manufactured by Mitsui & DuPont Fluorochemical Co., Ltd. as a perfluoro-based fluororesin is diluted 2 times, 3 times, and 4 times with pure water. The solution was applied by brushing and dipping, dried at 60 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then fired at 330 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a fired film of a perfluoro-based fluororesin, whereby anodes 1 to 6 were produced.
The anodes 1 to 6 having a perfluoro fluororesin fired film formed as described above on the surface of the DSE were used as the anode, the cathode was a Ti plate, and a 180 g / l sulfuric acid solution at 36 ° C. and 10 A / dm. Electrolysis was performed at ² .
As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the bubbles generated from the anode are large, and the bubbles are easily removed from the electrolyte.
Table 1 shows the initial coating amount of the perfluoro fluororesin in Example 1 and the remaining amount after 4000 hours of electrolysis. As shown in Table 1, the initial coating amount is 8.6 to 32. 9 g / m ² , and after 4000 hours of electrolysis, the coating amount of the perfluoro-based fluororesin decreased to 4.4 to 30.6 g / m ² , but bubbles generated from the anodes 1 to 6 in Example 1 The hugeness of was good, and its size could be maintained at the same size as the initial.

<Example 2>
A perfluorosulfonic acid copolymer composed of Nafion 117 (registered trademark) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. as a perfluoro-based fluororesin was added to the DSE manufactured by Permelec Electrode Co., Ltd. used in the method of Example 1 with pure water. The solution diluted 2 times, 3 times and 4 times is brushed, dried at 60 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then baked at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a fired film of perfluoro-type fluororesin, thereby producing anodes 7 to 9 did.
Electrolysis was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 using these anodes 7-9.
Table 2 shows the initial coating amount of the perfluoro fluororesin in Example 2 and the remaining amount after 4000 hours of electrolysis. As shown in Table 2, the initial coating amount is 1.14 to 4.4. was 200 g / m ^2, after 800 hours the electrolysis, reduction of application amount of the perfluoro type fluorine-containing resin is not giant of bubbles generated from the anode 7 to 9 in the second embodiment, a good, their size Was maintained at the same size as the initial stage.

<Comparative Example 1>
Electrolysis was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that a perfluoro-based fluororesin fired film was not formed on the surface of DSE manufactured by Permelec Electrode Co., Ltd. produced by the method of Example 1, and the anode was used.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the bubble generated from the anode is small, the bubble does not escape from the electrolyte, and the bubble contacts the cathode.

<Example 3>
The electrolytic bath shown in FIG. 4 was used to produce electrolytic copper powder. The electrolytic cell 7 has a size of 120 cm × 120 cm × 150 cm, and the anode plate 8 and the cathode plate 9 have a size of 100 cm × 100 cm. As the anode plate 8, an anode having the same structure as the anode 3 prepared in Example 1 was used, and as the cathode plate 9, a Ti plate was used, and electrolysis was performed for 30 days. The electrolytic solution has a Cu concentration of 15 to 5 g / l, a sulfuric acid concentration of 130 to 100 g / l, a current density of a cathode of 12.0 to 8.0 A / dm ² , and an anode of 12.0 to 8.0 A / liter. It was dm ^2. Moreover, it implemented at liquid temperature: 35-28 degreeC. The electrolysis conditions and the results are shown in Table 3.
As a result, the quality of the electrolytic copper powder, such as the amount of oxygen in the powder, was good, and the yield was 99%.
Moreover, since the enlarged bubbles easily escape from the electrolyte solution in a short time, there is no scattering of the electrolyte solution when the bubbles evaporate, and only the bubbles evaporate, thereby preventing environmental pollution due to the scattering of the electrolyte solution. I was able to do it.

<Comparative Example 2>
Electrolysis was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that a perfluoro-based fluororesin fired film was not formed on the surface of DSE manufactured by Permelec Electrode Co., Ltd., which was prepared by the method of Example 1, and the anode was used.
As a result, the surface of the electrolytic copper powder was uneven and the quality was poor. In addition, the generated bubbles are fine, and when the bubbles evaporate, the electrolytic solution is scattered along with the bubbles in the room, so that the room is significantly contaminated by the scattered electrolyte.

  The present invention can be applied not only to electrolytic copper powder, but also to other electrolytic metal powder manufacturing processes, and can naturally be applied to the field of electrolytic metal extraction.

The figure which shows the schematic diagram of the electrolytic vessel for the manufacturing apparatus of the electrolytic metal powder by this invention. The figure which shows the schematic diagram of the bubble generate | occur | produced from an anode in the manufacturing method of the electrolytic metal powder by this invention. The figure which shows the schematic diagram of the bubble generate | occur | produced from an anode in the manufacturing method of the conventional electrolytic metal powder. The figure which shows the schematic diagram of the electrolytic vessel for manufacturing the electrolytic copper powder by this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1: Anode 2: Cathode 3: Electrolyte 4: Cell 5: Rectifier 6: Bubble 7: Electrolyzer 8: Anode plate 9: Cathode plate

Claims (5)

An electrolytic metal powder produced by immersing an anode and a cathode in an electrolytic solution made of a sulfuric acid acid solution containing metal ions, conducting a direct current to conduct electrolysis, and depositing a powdered metal powder on the cathode In the manufacturing method, as the anode, a film of an electrode active material containing a noble metal or an oxide thereof is formed on the surface of a substrate made of a film-forming metal, and the coating amount is 1 to 400 g / m ² thick perfluoro type. A method for producing an electrolytic metal powder, wherein an insoluble anode formed with a fluororesin fired film is used.   2. The method for producing electrolytic metal powder according to claim 1, wherein the sulfuric acid acidic solution containing metal ions is a sulfuric acid acidic solution containing copper ions, and the powdery metal powder is copper powder.   The method for producing electrolytic metal powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the noble metal or its oxide is iridium oxide.   The method for producing electrolytic metal powder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the perfluoro fluororesin is a perfluoro fluororesin containing polytetrafluoroethylene.   The method for producing electrolytic metal powder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the perfluoro fluororesin is a perfluoro fluororesin containing a perfluorosulfonic acid copolymer.

Images