JP4632901B2 - Boiler scale removal method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a boiler scale removal method, and more particularly to a boiler scale removal method capable of quickly removing scale remaining in a condensate / steam system when the operation of a power plant is stopped.

  In a power plant in which a generator is driven using a turbine, steam is generated by burning fuel such as pulverized coal in a boiler, the turbine is rotated by this steam, and the drive shaft is connected to the rotating shaft of the turbine. The connected generator is driven to generate electricity.

  In such a power plant, steam generated by a superheater and a reheater disposed in a boiler is supplied to a turbine to generate power, and the steam discharged from the turbine is led to a condenser to be condensed and water. And recirculated to the superheater and reheater. In addition, seawater pumped up by a seawater circulation pump is circulated through the condenser, and the discharged steam is cooled and condensed to return to water.

  As described above, water or steam circulates in the condensate / steam system, and scales accumulate in the condensate / steam system when operated for a long time. Therefore, the scale is removed by periodically shutting down the power plant and injecting and circulating a chemical solution such as hydrazine or ammonia in the condensate / steam system.

Conventionally, measures for scaling have been an important issue for safe and efficient operation in power plants, and various techniques have been proposed.
For example, prevention of descaling of reheater in boiler plant to suppress temperature rise of heat transfer tube of reheater at startup of boiler plant, prevent scale peeling from heat transfer tube and prevent blade damage of low pressure turbine A method and apparatus are disclosed (see Patent Document 1).

  This reheater scale peeling prevention method and apparatus in a boiler plant described in Patent Document 1 is provided with a steam introduction line for guiding a part of main steam from a superheater into a heat transfer tube of the reheater. It is. When the boiler plant is started, a part of the main steam from the superheater is introduced into the heat transfer tube of the reheater, so the heat transfer tube is superheated by the combustion gas of the boiler, but the temperature is increased by the main steam circulating inside. As a result, the scale is prevented from peeling off due to the difference in thermal expansion between the heat transfer tube and the scale.

Moreover, the operation method of the power generation facility aiming at the reduction of the operation cost at the time of starting and stopping at midnight is disclosed (see Patent Document 2).
The operation method of the power generation facility described in Patent Document 2 is to perform vacuum break of the condenser at the time of starting and stopping at midnight, stop auxiliary equipment such as a circulating water pump, and stop supply of ground steam. When the vacuum rises after destruction, cleanup is performed by circulating condensate between the condenser and the condensate treatment device.

  In addition, heat is recovered from the washing waste liquid to raise the temperature of the washing water, thereby improving the extrusion washing efficiency and shortening the extrusion washing process, reducing the amount of heat required for overheating in the next process, and the temperature of the washing waste liquid. A boiler chemical cleaning method is disclosed in which the amount of cooling water and the capacity of waste liquid storage are reduced by lowering the amount of water, the cooling by PDF is unnecessary, and the cleaning time is shortened (see Patent Document 3).

  This boiler chemical cleaning method described in Patent Document 3 introduces a chemical cleaning liquid into the boiler, circulates and cleans it in an overheated state, introduces cleaning water into the boiler, pushes out cleaning waste liquid, and rinses with water. In the extrusion water washing process, the washing waste liquid discharged from the boiler and the washing water to be introduced are introduced into the heat exchanger to exchange heat, the washing waste liquid is cooled and discharged, and the washing water is heated. Then, extrusion water washing is performed with washing water in an overheated state.

JP 2000-74308 A JP 2004-68646 A JP-A-11-141804

By the way, since the condenser in the power plant of the form mentioned above uses seawater as cooling water, it has a structure that does not allow seawater to enter the condensate / steam system. However, in order to ensure thorough safety measures in advance, it is necessary to consider appropriate countermeasures in advance, assuming that seawater enters the condensate / steam system.
In this way, when seawater enters the condensate / steam system, it is assumed that significant scale peeling will occur compared to normal operation, and it is necessary to remove the generated scale quickly and appropriately. is there.

  However, the technique described in Patent Document 1 described above is for preventing scale peeling, and the techniques described in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 assume a situation in which a large amount of scale peeling occurs. Not. Therefore, the descaling using these conventional techniques not only requires a long time for the descaling process, but also requires a large amount of pure water, chemicals, etc. As a result, the restart of operation is delayed, and the cost required for scale removal increases.

  The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described circumstances, and even when a large amount of scale peeling occurs, it is possible to accelerate the scale purge to shorten the time required for scale removal and reduce the cost. An object of the present invention is to provide a simple boiler scale removal method.

The boiler scale removing method according to the present invention has the following features in order to achieve the above-described object.
That is, the boiler scale removal method according to the present invention drives the turbine with steam generated in the boiler to generate power, condenses the steam after driving the turbine with a condenser, and circulates it again to the boiler. A boiler scale removing method for removing scale remaining in the condensate / steam system when the power plant is shut down, and in the middle of the condensate / steam system, Promoting the scale purge by performing a step of connecting the condenser and a step of pulsating the steam pressure circulating in the condensate / steam system switched to include the bypass. It is a feature.

  Further, the steam pressure pulsation step preferably includes a plurality of pulsation stages having different steam pressure differences, and the plurality of pulsation stages gradually increase with the progress of the steam pressure pulsation step. It is preferable to do. In this case, the bypass path preferably bypasses the turbine and connects the boiler and the condenser.

  Further, the steam pressure pulsation step can be performed by adjusting the opening of a bypass valve provided in the middle of the condensate / steam system, and the steam pressure pulsation step includes, for example, an output of 1000 MW, In the case of a power plant with a main steam pressure of 25.4 MPa, it is preferable to pulsate the steam pressure in the range of 6.4 MPa to 8.5 MPa.

  In the boiler scale removal method according to the present invention, steam that circulates in the condensate / steam system by connecting the boiler and the condenser via a bypass path in the boiler scale removal step performed by stopping the operation of the power plant. By pulsing the pressure, the steam pressure in the condensate / steam system fluctuates, so compared to the case where scale removal is performed with a constant steam pressure, the scale purge is promoted and the time required for scale removal is shortened. At the same time, the cost can be reduced.

  In addition, by using multiple pulsation stages with different steam pressure differences, the state of fluctuation of steam pressure in the condensate / steam system becomes larger, and scale purge is further promoted to reduce the time required for scale removal. At the same time, the cost can be reduced.

  In addition, by using a pulsation stage in which the steam pressure difference gradually increases as the steam pressure pulsation process progresses, the scale is removed at a low pressure in the initial stage of the scale removal process, where there is a large amount of residual scale. -The load on the equipment constituting the steam system can be reduced. Further, in the final stage of the scale removal process in which the amount of residual scale is reduced, scale removal is performed at a high pressure, and scale remaining in the condensate / steam system can be removed almost completely.

  In addition, by adjusting the opening of the bypass valve provided in the middle of the condensate / steam system to pulsate the steam pressure, the existing equipment can be used to remove the scale and the operation of the equipment for removing the scale can be simplified. Can be made.

  Also, by removing the scale by bypassing the turbine and circulating the condensate / steam through the bypass path connecting the boiler and the condenser, the scales that have peeled off will not enter the turbine, causing damage to the equipment. Such inconveniences can be prevented in advance.

  Also, for example, in the case of a power plant with an output of 1000 MW and a main steam pressure of 25.4 MPa, the steam pressure is pulsated in the range of 6.4 MPa to 8.5 MPa, so that it is not excessive for the equipment constituting the condensate / steam system. The scale remaining in the condensate / steam system can be almost completely removed without applying a load.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a boiler scale removing method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power plant to which a boiler scale removing method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

  The power plant 100 to which the boiler scale removal method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied generates steam by burning fuel in the boiler 11 and heating water, and the generated steam is connected to the turbine-related pipes 21, 22. The primary generator 41 and the secondary generator 42 are driven by rotating the turbines (the high-pressure turbine 31, the intermediate-pressure turbine 32, and the low-pressure turbines 33a and 33b) through the turbine casings 23, 24, and 25. Power generation.

  The power plant 100 includes a combustion system 110 for burning fuel in the boiler 11, steam generated by heating water, and a recovery system for rotating the turbines 31, 32, 33 a, and 33 b using the generated steam. It can be roughly divided into a water / steam system 120 and a cooling system (not shown) for supplying cooling water to the facilities of both systems 110 and 120.

Hereinafter, each system will be described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 1, the combustion system 110 includes a boiler 11 and an exhaust gas treatment facility 51.

  The boiler 11 includes a furnace 11a for burning fuel, and a combustion burner 12 provided at a lower portion in the furnace 11a. The combustion burner 12 is supplied with pulverized coal from a pulverized coal machine 13 and also supplied with combustion air from an indenter blower 14, and the pulverized coal and combustion air are mixed and burned in the furnace 11a. .

A superheater 15 and a reheater 16 for heating the water supplied from the condenser 61 and generating steam are disposed above the furnace 11a.
Further, an exhaust gas treatment facility 51 for treating exhaust gas generated by the combustion of pulverized coal is provided on the downstream side of the furnace 11a. The exhaust gas treatment facility 51 includes a denitration device 51a for removing nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, a dust collector 51b for removing dust in the exhaust gas, and a desulfurization device 51c for removing sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas. And a chimney 51d. The exhaust gas that has passed through the denitration device 51a, the dust collection device 51b, and the desulfurization device 51c is diffused into the atmosphere from the chimney 51d.

  An induction fan (not shown) is disposed between the dust collector 51b and the desulfurizer 51c, and a desulfurizer (not shown) is provided between the desulfurizer 51c and the chimney 51d. The exhaust gas is sucked by the action of the induction fan and the desulfurization fan and reaches the chimney 51d.

Next, the condensate / steam system 120 will be described.
The condensate / steam system 120 is supplied from the turbines 31, 32, 33 a, 33 b, the condenser 61 that condenses the steam discharged from the turbines 31, 32, 33 a, 33 b and returns it to water, and the condenser 61. A superheater 15 and a reheater 16 are provided that heat the produced water into steam. Steam generated in the superheater 15 and the reheater 16 is supplied to the turbines 31, 32, 33a, and 33b via the turbine-related pipes 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25. Thus, the condensate / steam system 120 is a circulation system.

  The turbines 31, 32, 33 a, and 33 b are rotated by the high-pressure turbine 31 that is rotated by the steam generated in the superheater 15 and the reheated steam that is obtained by heating the steam discharged from the high-pressure turbine 31 by the reheater 16. The intermediate pressure turbine 32 and the low pressure turbines 33a and 33b rotated by the steam discharged from the intermediate pressure turbine 32. As described above, the condensate / steam system 120 is a circulation system, and the exhaust steam obtained by rotating the low-pressure turbines 33 a and 33 b is returned to the condenser 61.

  A pair of low-pressure turbines 33a and 33b is provided, and steam discharged from the intermediate-pressure turbine 32 is supplied to the low-pressure turbines 33a and 33b. Further, a turbine-related pipe 21 that connects the superheater 15 and the casing of the high-pressure turbine 31, a turbine-related pipe 22 that connects the casing of the high-pressure turbine 31 and the reheater 16, and a casing of the reheater 16 and the intermediate pressure turbine 32. The turbine-related piping 23 that connects the casing of the intermediate-pressure turbine 32 and the casing of the low-pressure turbines 33a and 33b, and the turbine-related piping 25 that connects the casing of the low-pressure turbines 33a and 33b and the condenser 61 communicate with each other. Connected so that steam circulates as described above.

  The high-pressure turbine 31 and the intermediate-pressure turbine 32 are connected so as to be coaxial with each other. The rotation of the high pressure turbine 31 and the intermediate pressure turbine 32 is transmitted to a primary generator 41 coaxially connected to the high pressure turbine 31 and the intermediate pressure turbine 32, and the primary generator 41 is driven to generate power. The two low-pressure turbines 33a and 33b are also coaxially connected to each other, and the rotation of the low-pressure turbines 33a and 33b is transmitted to the secondary generator 42 coaxially connected to the low-pressure turbines 33a and 33b. The next generator 42 is driven to generate power.

  The high-pressure turbine 31, the intermediate-pressure turbine 32, and the low-pressure turbines 33a and 33b are respectively supported by bearings (not shown) such as thrust bearings and metal bearings, and are accommodated in the respective turbine casings. The steam is supplied to the turbine casings via the turbine-related pipes 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25, so that the high-pressure turbine 31, the intermediate-pressure turbine 32, and the low-pressure turbines 33a and 33b are rotated. ing.

  The condenser 61 is an airtight container, and a steam intake port 62 for taking in the steam discharged from the low-pressure turbines 33 a and 33 b is provided in the upper part of the condenser 61. A turbine-related pipe 25 is connected to the steam intake port 62. Further, a tube nest 63 for cooling and condensing the discharged steam is provided in the approximate center of the condenser 61, and in the lower part of the condenser 61, the cooled and condensed water is provided. A hot well 64 is provided for storing the water.

  The tube nest 63 is composed of a plurality of heat transfer tubes, and the seawater pumped up by the seawater circulation pump 65 is circulated through the heat transfer tubes, and the discharged steam is cooled and condensed and returned to the water. Yes. In addition, the seawater used for cooling is discharged into the sea.

  The hot well 64 stores water cooled and condensed in the tube nest 63. The bottom of the hot well 64 is connected to the superheater 15 through the water supply pipe 26, and the stored water is supplied to the superheater 15 using the condensate pump 17 provided in the water supply pipe 26. It is like that.

  Further, the condenser 61 is provided with an exhaust pipe 71 and a vacuum pump 72 for vacuum degassing of the inside thereof, and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water in the condenser 61 is reduced by performing vacuum degassing. It is supposed to let you. That is, when the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water is large, the condenser 61 is maintained in a high vacuum state while the power plant 100 is operating in order to promote corrosion of the boiler 11 and the like. However, while the power plant 100 is stopped, the vacuum state in the condenser 61 is released (vacuum breakage). This vacuum break is realized by opening a vacuum break valve 74 provided in an air introduction pipe 73 that communicates the inside and outside of the condenser 61.

  The superheater 15 and the reheater 16 are devices for converting the water supplied from the condenser 61 and the like into steam, and are disposed in the upper part of the furnace 11 a of the boiler 11. Water is supplied to the superheater 15 from the condenser 61, and heat is exchanged with the combustion heat of the furnace 11a to become steam. This steam is supplied to the high-pressure turbine 31 via the turbine-related piping 21. On the other hand, in the reheater 16, the steam discharged from the high-pressure turbine 31 via the turbine-related pipe 22 is reheated, and the generated reheated steam is supplied to the intermediate-pressure turbine 32 via the turbine-related pipe 23.

  Next, the piping of the condensate / steam system 120 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of piping in the condensate / steam system 120.

  In the condensate / steam system 120, as shown in FIG. 2, the condensate pump 17, the condensate demineralizer 81, the condensate booster pump 82, the low-pressure heater 83, the deaeration are performed downstream from the condenser 61. 84, boiler feed pump 85, high pressure heater 86, economizer 87, furnace 11a, superheater 15, high pressure turbine 31, reheater 16, medium pressure turbine 32, low pressure turbines 33a and 33b are arranged in this order. The steam discharged from the low-pressure turbines 33 a and 33 b forms a circulation system in which the steam returns to the condenser 61. Further, the brackish water separator and the economizer 87 of the furnace 11 a are connected to each other via a brackish water separation pump 88.

  Further, a bypass passage 91 is provided between the superheater 15 and the condenser 61 to bypass the high pressure turbine 31, the reheater 16, the intermediate pressure turbine 32, and the low pressure turbines 33a and 33b. In the middle of this, a bypass valve 92 for switching the condensate / steam system 120 to a system that passes the bypass path 91 is provided. In the present embodiment, the TB valve functions as the bypass valve 92.

  Next, the procedure for boiler scale removal in the condensate / steam system 120 of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the boiler scale removing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  The boiler scale removal method of the present invention is proposed for removing the scale generated in the boiler in such a case, assuming that seawater enters the condensate / steam system 120. In such a state, the power plant is in a stopped state in order to repair the site where the seawater has entered. And after repairing the site | part which the seawater penetrate | invaded, it starts from a condensate system first, but this starting is a so-called cold starting, ie, starting from a turbine cold machine and a boiler cold can state.

  Cold start-up consists of condenser bottom blow, condensate cleanup blow, low pressure cleanup blow, low pressure cleanup circulation, high pressure cleanup blow, high pressure cleanup circulation, boiler cold cleanup blow, boiler cold cleanup circulation, Proceed while clearing each standard such as Fe concentration, conductivity, etc., followed by boiler ignition / heating operation. Then, water is passed to the superheater by boiler ignition. In this state, the steam heated in the boiler (furnace 11 a) bypasses the high-pressure turbine 31 from the bypass valve 92 provided in the middle of the condensate / steam system 120, and passes to the condenser 61 via the bypass path 91. Led.

  In the boiler scale removing method of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the first stage, the second stage, and the second stage in a state where the heated steam is guided to the condenser 61 via the bypass 91 (S1). The scale remaining in the condensate / steam system 120 is removed by pulsating (swinging) the steam pressure in the order of the third stage and the fourth stage (S2 to S5).

And after performing each stage, while the Fe density | concentration in the exit of the condensate pump 17 is less than 0.5 mg / L, Fe density | concentration in the drain outlet of the brackish water separator provided in the downstream of the furnace 11a is 0.1 mg. It is confirmed whether it is less than / L (S6).
Here, when the Fe concentration at the outlet of the condensate pump 17 is 0.5 mg / L or more, or when the Fe concentration at the drain outlet of the brackish water separator is 0.1 mg / L or more, the fourth stage ( Repeat step S5).

On the other hand, when it is confirmed that the Fe concentration at the outlet of the condensate pump 17 is less than 0.5 mg / L and the Fe concentration at the drain outlet of the brackish water separator is less than 0.1 mg / L, the scale removal work is performed. finish.
Note that the measurement of the Fe concentration at the outlet of the condensate pump 17 is performed every 30 minutes.

  Next, specific modes of each stage will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing fluctuations in vapor pressure at each stage of the scale removal process. In FIG. 4, the bypass valve 92 is described as a TB valve. The example shown in FIG. 4 assumes a power plant with an output of 1000 MW and a main steam pressure of 25.4 MPa.

  In stage 1, the opening degree of the bypass valve 92 is changed from 35% to 50% with an opening degree change rate of 1 minute, and the main steam pressure is lowered to about 8.0 MPa. Subsequently, the opening degree of the bypass valve 92 is changed from 50% to 35% at an opening change rate of 1 minute, and the main steam pressure is increased to about 8.3 MPa.

  In stage 2, the opening degree of the bypass valve 92 is changed from 35% to 60% at an opening change rate of 2 minutes, and the main steam pressure is lowered to about 7.5 MPa. Subsequently, the opening degree of the bypass valve 92 is changed from 60% to 30% at an opening degree change rate of 5 minutes, and the main steam pressure is increased to about 8.3 MPa.

  In stage 3, the opening degree of the bypass valve 92 is changed from 30% to 70% at an opening degree change rate of 2 minutes, and the main steam pressure is lowered to about 7.0 MPa. Subsequently, the opening degree of the bypass valve 92 is changed from 70% to 30% at an opening degree change rate of 5 minutes, and the main steam pressure is increased to about 8.3 MPa.

  In stage 4, the opening degree of the bypass valve 92 is changed from 30% to 80% at an opening degree change rate of 2 minutes, and the main steam pressure is lowered to about 6.7 MPa. Subsequently, the opening degree of the bypass valve 92 is changed from 80% to 30% at an opening degree change rate of 10 minutes, and the main steam pressure is increased to about 8.4 MPa.

  In this way, by pulsing (swinging) the steam pressure so that the steam pressure difference gradually increases with the progress of the scale removal process, the scale removal process is performed at a low pressure at the initial stage of the scale removal process with a large amount of residual scale. To reduce the load on the equipment constituting the condensate / steam system 120, and at the final stage of the scale removal process where the residual amount of scale is reduced, the scale is removed at a high pressure, and the condensate / steam system 120 The scale remaining inside can be almost completely removed.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, In the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention, such as changing the apparatus which comprises the power plant 100 suitably. Of course, it can be changed.

  In the present invention, for example, steam is generated by heating water using pulverized coal as fuel, and the turbines 31, 32, 33a, and 33b are rotated by the steam to drive the primary generator 41 and the secondary generator 42. Although it can be used as a boiler scale removal method in such a power plant 100, the turbine is driven by steam generated in the boiler, and the steam after driving the turbine is condensed by a condenser and returned to the boiler again. Any facility that can be circulated can be used.

It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the power plant to which the boiler scale removal method which concerns on embodiment of this invention is applied. It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the piping in the condensate and steam circulation system of the power plant which applies the boiler scale removal method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the boiler scale removal method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the steam pressure fluctuation | variation in each stage of the boiler scale removal process which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Power plant 110 Combustion system 120 Condensate / steam system 11 Boiler 11a Furnace 12 Combustion burner 13 Pulverized coal machine 14 Pushing fan 15 Superheater 16 Reheater 17 Condensate pump 21-25 Turbine related piping 26 Water supply pipe 31 High pressure turbine 32 Intermediate pressure turbines 33a, 33b Low pressure turbine 41 Primary generator 42 Secondary generator 51 Exhaust gas treatment equipment 51a Denitration device 51b Dust collector 51c Desulfurization device 51d Chimney 61 Condenser 62 Steam intake 63 Nest 64 Hot well 65 Seawater circulation pump 71 Exhaust pipe 72 Vacuum pump 73 Air introduction pipe 74 Vacuum breaker valve 81 Condensate demineralizer 82 Condensate booster pump 83 Low pressure heater 84 Deaerator 85 Boiler feed pump 86 High pressure heater 87 Carbon economizer 88 Brackish water separation pump 91 Bypass path 92 Bypass valve

Claims (6)

When the turbine is driven by steam generated in the boiler to generate electricity, the steam after driving the turbine is condensed by a condenser and circulated to the boiler again. A boiler scale removal method for removing scale remaining in a steam system,
Connecting the boiler and the condenser through a bypass in the middle of the condensate / steam system;
A boiler scale removal method characterized by promoting scale purge by performing a step of pulsating steam pressure circulating in the condensate / steam system switched to include the bypass path.   The boiler scale removal method according to claim 1, wherein the steam pressure pulsation step includes a plurality of pulsation stages having different steam pressure differences.   3. The boiler scale removing method according to claim 1, wherein a steam pressure difference gradually increases as the steam pressure pulsation process proceeds in the plurality of pulsation stages.   The boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the steam pressure pulsation step is performed by adjusting an opening degree of a bypass valve provided in the middle of the condensate / steam system. Scale removal method.   The boiler scale removal method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bypass path connects the boiler and the condenser by bypassing the turbine. The boiler scale removing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the steam pressure pulsation step pulsates the steam pressure in a range of 6.4 MPa to 8.5 MPa.

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