JP4623937B2 - Cutting tools - Google Patents

Cutting tools Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4623937B2
JP4623937B2 JP2003018689A JP2003018689A JP4623937B2 JP 4623937 B2 JP4623937 B2 JP 4623937B2 JP 2003018689 A JP2003018689 A JP 2003018689A JP 2003018689 A JP2003018689 A JP 2003018689A JP 4623937 B2 JP4623937 B2 JP 4623937B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
shank
neck
cutting tool
brazing
convex portion
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2003018689A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004230474A (en
Inventor
勉 山寄
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、主に金属材料からなる各種部品を切削加工する場合に使用される切削工具に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、超硬合金製のシャンク部と該シャンク部と鋼製の首部とをロウ付け接合した構成のエンドミルやボーリングバー等、各種切削工具が知られている。ここで前記シャンク部と前記首部とを別体の構造としているのは、工具本体となる前記シャンク部には防振性能が高いことが要求されるとともに、前記首部にはチップ取付座やチップポケットを形成する必要があるため加工性のよいことが要求されるためである。
【0003】
特に金型加工等の三次元曲面加工に用いられるボールエンドミルについては、近年、加工能率を高めるために回転数や送り速度の高速化が進んでいるとともに、金型形状が多様化し、複雑な形状の加工に適した工具の需要が高まっている。中でも特に深く狭い場所の加工には、従来からチップ取付部である首部を鋼で製作し、それを剛性に優れた超硬合金製のシャンクにロウ付け等で接合したボールエンドミルが用いられてきた。このようなボールエンドミルの接合部位に関しては、単純な平面形状からなるものや、2面以上の平面からなる楔状のものが知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−158220号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、鋼製首部と超硬製シャンク部をロウ付け接合した切削工具においては、加工中に発生する切削負荷が前記接合部位にかかる。特にボールエンドミル等の各種エンドミルにおいては、切削抵抗や横送りに伴う抵抗により、切削中、トルクや曲力が前記接合部位に集中的に加わる。接合の強度は接合面積が広いほど強くなるが、接合部位が平面あるいは楔状では、十分な面積が得られず、ロウ付け部から剥がれが生じ易いという問題があった。
【0006】
また接合部位が軸線に対して斜めの平面あるいは楔状のものでは、回転した場合にねじれの力がかかり、これが接合部位の斜面の影響で互いに離れる方向へ引っ張りの応力として作用するので、接合部位の剥がれを生じさせ易いという恐れがあった。
【0007】
本発明は、以上のような従来技術の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、材質の異なる首部とシャンク部との接合構造を改善することによって、ロウ付け接合部の剥がれを起こさず、長寿命で且つ高能率の加工を可能とした切削工具を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を達成するため、本発明の切削工具は、超硬合金製のシャンク部と該シャンク部と異なる材質からなる首部とをロウ付けにより接合してなる切削工具であって、前記シャンク部および前記首部の一方はテーパー面を有する凸部を備え、他方は前記テーパー面に接合された内壁面を有する凹部を備えており、前記凸部の頂面と前記凹部の底面との間に空所が設けられ、該空所が、断面視において前記内壁面の仮想延長よりも外方に拡がっているとともに、前記凹部の底面は、断面視において前記仮想延長線の交差部より前記凸部の頂面側に位置することを特徴としている。
【0009】
かかる構成によれば、円錐台形状側面部を接合面とすることによりロウ付け面積を広くすることが出来るので前記シャンク部と前記首部との接合強度を高めることが出来るとともに、前記円錐台形状凹型の奥端面側に設けた穴部へ余分なロウ材が流れ込むようにしてロウ付け層が不必要に厚くなることを防ぎ、接合強度の低下を抑制することが出来る。
【0010】
また前記首部が、前記部を有し、前記シャンク部が、前記部を有することが好ましい。
【0011】
さらに前記凸部のテーパー角度が40〜70°であることが好ましい。
【0012】
また前記空所の直径が、接合部軸径の30〜50%であることが好ましい。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態を添付図面により説明する。図1は本発明によるスローアウェイ式ボールエンドミルとしての実施例を示す概略図、図2は図1のA−A断面図、図3は本発明によるスローアウェイ式エンドミルとしての実施例を示す概略図、図4は本発明によるソリッドボールエンドミルとしての実施例を示す概略図、図5は本発明によるボーリングバーとしての実施例を示す概略図である。
【0014】
従来の単純な平面形状や楔形の接合部形状に比べて円錐台形状とするとロウ付け面積を広くすることが出来るので首部とシャンク部との接合強度を高めることが出来る。ここでロウ付け接合部の面積について、以下に説明する。
【0015】
接合面が軸線に垂直な平面の場合、接合面積は首部半径をrとするとπr2となる。また、接合面が楔状の場合では、接合面積は、前記軸線に垂直な平面に対して楔を構成する斜平面の角度をθ1とすると、πr2/cosθ1となる。例としてr=4mm,θ1=45°とした場合、前記軸線に垂直な平面の場合の接合面積は約50mm2,楔状の場合は約71mm2となり、明らかに楔状の接合部位の方が面積が広いことが分かる。ちなみに従来より楔を構成する斜平面の角度は90°とされているものが多く、ここでもθ1=45°のものを比較例として引用している。一方、図2に示すような本発明の実施形態における円錐台形状の接合面積は、
πr√(r2+h2)−πr1√(r1 2+h1 2)・・・▲1▼
となる。テーパー角度γを50°としたとき軸線に垂直な平面と円錐のテーパー面との角度θ2は65°となり、h=r・tanθ2なので、r=4,r1=1.5のときh=8.58,h1=3.22となり、これを▲1▼式に代入すると接合面積は102mm2となり、接合面の面積が前述した平面の場合の約2倍、楔状の場合の約1.4倍広くなることが分かる。同様にテーパー角度γを変化させた場合の接合面積算出結果を表1に示す。表1からも明らかなように、テーパー角度γが大きくなるにつれて円錐台の接合面積は小さくなり、70°としたとき、接合面積は前述した従来の楔状の場合とほとんど変わらなくなり、75°を超える範囲では楔状の接合面積の方が広くなる。逆にテーパー角度γが小さくなると接合面積は広くなるが、テーパー角度が40°より小さいとホルダー製作時のロウ付け工程で余分なロウ材が穴に流れ込みにくくなり、好ましくない。以上のことから、前記円錐台形状のテーパー角度は40〜70°の範囲にあることが好ましい。
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0004623937
【0017】
また、この際、接合部位が円錐台形状であるため、単純な円錐状の凹凸の接合部であれば、ホルダー製作時のロウ付け工程において中心付近にある余分なロウ材が外に流れ出にくいためロウ付け層が不必要に厚くなり、適正な接合強度を得ることが出来ない。そこで図2に示すように、円錐台形状凹形の奥端面側に穴部(空所)を設けることにより、そこに余分なロウ材が流れ込むようにして接合部位のロウ付け層が不必要に厚くなるのを防ぎ、接合強度の低下を抑制することが出来る。
【0018】
さらに、接合部位の形態としては、前記首部の接合部を円錐台形状の凹形とし前記シャンク部の接合部を円錐台形状の凸形とすることが、超硬合金製である前記シャンク部の加工容易性の観点から好ましい。また逆に超硬合金製であるシャンク部を円錐台形状の凹型とした場合、その先端部は鋭角状の外周壁面が形成されることになり、硬く脆い超硬合金の性質上、そのような形状では製造時に損傷し易いため好ましくない。
【0019】
また、前記ロウ材溜まりとなる穴部の直径は、軸径の30〜50%であることが好ましい。穴部の直径が軸径の30%より小さいとホルダー製作時のロウ付け工程で余分なロウ材が流れ込むのに十分な広さが得られず、50%より大きいと接合面の面積が狭くなり十分な接合強度が得られなくなってしまうためである。
【0020】
尚、他の実施例として、図3にはスローアウェイ式エンドミル、図4にはソリッドボールエンドミル、図5にはボーリングバーへの適用例を示している。特に図4のソリッドボールエンドミルの場合、シャンク部は超硬合金製で切刃を含む首部はサーメットからなる仕上げ加工用のソリッドボールエンドミルとして実施可能である。
【0021】
以上、本発明の実施形態を例示したが、本発明は前記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、発明の目的を逸脱しない限り任意のものとすることができることは云うまでもない。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上記述したとおり、本発明の切削工具は、超硬合金製のシャンク部と該シャンク部と異なる材質からなる首部とをロウ付けにより接合してなる切削工具であって、前記シャンク部および前記首部の一方はテーパー面を有する凸部を備え、他方は前記テーパー面に接合された内壁面を有する凹部を備えており、前記凸部の頂面と前記凹部の底面との間に空所が設けられ、該空所が、前記内壁面の仮想延長面よりも外方に拡がっていることにより、ロウ付け面積を広くすることが出来るので前記シャンク部と前記首部との接合強度を高めることが出来るとともに、前記穴部(空所)へ余分なロウ材が流れ込むようにしてロウ付け層が不必要に厚くなることを防ぎ、接合強度の低下を抑制することが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明によるスローアウェイ式ボールエンドミルとしての実施例を示す概略図である。
【図2】図1のA−A断面図である。
【図3】本発明によるスローアウェイ式エンドミルとしての実施例を示す概略図である。
【図4】本発明によるソリッドボールエンドミルとしての実施例を示す概略図である。
【図5】本発明によるボーリングバーとしての実施例を示す概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1:シャンク部
2:首部
3:切れ刃
4:ロウ材溜まり穴部
5:スローアウェイチップ
6:クランプネジ
7:円錐台形状部(ロウ付け接合部)
8:軸線
γ:円錐台形状のテーパー角度
θ1:軸線に垂直な平面に対して楔を構成する斜平面の角度
θ2:軸線に垂直な平面と円錐のテーパー面との角度
h,h1:仮想頂点までの円錐台高さ
r,r1:円錐台形状基部半径[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cutting tool used when cutting various parts mainly made of a metal material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various cutting tools such as an end mill and a boring bar having a structure in which a cemented carbide shank portion and a shank portion and a steel neck portion are brazed and joined are known. Here, the shank part and the neck part have a separate structure. The shank part which is a tool body is required to have high vibration-proof performance, and the neck part has a chip mounting seat and a chip pocket. This is because it is required to have good workability.
[0003]
In particular, for ball end mills used for three-dimensional curved surface processing such as mold processing, in recent years, the rotational speed and feed speed have been increased to increase the processing efficiency, and the mold shapes have become diversified and complicated shapes. There is an increasing demand for tools that are suitable for machining. In particular, for processing in deep and narrow places, a ball end mill has been used in which the neck, which is the tip mounting part, is made of steel and joined to a cemented carbide shank with excellent rigidity by brazing or the like. . With regard to the joining portion of such a ball end mill, those having a simple planar shape and those having a wedge shape consisting of two or more planes are known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-158220
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in a cutting tool in which a steel neck portion and a carbide shank portion are brazed and joined, a cutting load generated during machining is applied to the joining portion. In particular, in various end mills such as a ball end mill, torque and bending force are concentrated on the joining portion during cutting due to cutting resistance and resistance due to lateral feed. The bonding strength increases as the bonding area increases. However, when the bonding portion is flat or wedge-shaped, there is a problem in that a sufficient area cannot be obtained and peeling is likely to occur from the brazed portion.
[0006]
In addition, when the joint part is an inclined plane or wedge-shaped with respect to the axis, a twisting force is applied when it rotates, and this acts as a tensile stress in the direction away from each other due to the influence of the slope of the joint part. There was a fear that it would be easy to cause peeling.
[0007]
The present invention was made in view of the problems of the prior art as described above, and by improving the joint structure between the neck and the shank of different materials, the brazed joint does not peel off, An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool capable of long-life and high-efficiency machining.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a cutting tool of the present invention is a cutting tool formed by joining a cemented carbide shank portion and a neck portion made of a material different from the shank portion by brazing, One of the neck portions includes a convex portion having a tapered surface, and the other includes a concave portion having an inner wall surface joined to the tapered surface, and a space is provided between the top surface of the convex portion and the bottom surface of the concave portion. is provided, the voids are, together has spread outward than an imaginary extension line of the inner wall surface in a cross-sectional view, the bottom surface of the recess, the protrusion from the intersection of the imaginary extension in the cross-sectional view It is characterized by being located on the top surface side .
[0009]
According to such a configuration, since the brazing area can be widened by using the frustoconical side surface as the joining surface, the joining strength between the shank part and the neck part can be increased, and the frustoconical concave shape It is possible to prevent the brazing layer from becoming unnecessarily thick by allowing excess brazing material to flow into the hole provided on the back end face side of the steel sheet, and to suppress a reduction in bonding strength.
[0010]
Also, the neck portion, possess the concave portion, said shank portion preferably has a said projecting portion.
[0011]
Furthermore, it is preferable that the taper angle of the convex portion is 40 to 70 °.
[0012]
Moreover, it is preferable that the diameter of the said space is 30 to 50% of a joint part shaft diameter.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment as a throw-away ball end mill according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment as a throw-away end mill according to the present invention. 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment as a solid ball end mill according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an embodiment as a boring bar according to the present invention.
[0014]
Compared to a conventional simple planar shape or wedge-shaped joint portion shape, a frustoconical shape can increase the brazing area, thereby increasing the joint strength between the neck portion and the shank portion. Here, the area of the brazed joint will be described below.
[0015]
When the joining surface is a plane perpendicular to the axis, the joining area is πr 2 where the neck radius is r. Further, in the case the bonding surface of the wedge-shaped, the junction area, when the angle of the swash planes constituting a wedge with respect to a plane perpendicular to said axis and theta 1, the πr 2 / cosθ 1. As an example, when r = 4 mm and θ 1 = 45 °, the bonding area in the case of a plane perpendicular to the axis is about 50 mm 2 , and in the case of a wedge, the area is about 71 mm 2 . It is understood that is wide. Incidentally, in many cases, the angle of the oblique plane constituting the wedge is conventionally set to 90 °, and here, θ 1 = 45 ° is cited as a comparative example. On the other hand, in the embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG.
πr√ (r 2 + h 2 ) −πr 1 √ (r 1 2 + h 1 2 ) ( 1 )
It becomes. When the taper angle γ is 50 °, the angle θ 2 between the plane perpendicular to the axis and the tapered surface of the cone is 65 °, and h = r · tan θ 2, so that when r = 4 and r 1 = 1.5, h = 8.58, h 1 = 3.22 When this is substituted into the equation (1), the joining area becomes 102 mm 2 , the area of the joining surface is about twice that of the plane described above, and about 1 in the case of a wedge shape. It can be seen that it is 4 times wider. Similarly, Table 1 shows the calculation results of the bonding area when the taper angle γ is changed. As is clear from Table 1, as the taper angle γ increases, the junction area of the truncated cone decreases, and when it is 70 °, the junction area is almost the same as the conventional wedge shape described above and exceeds 75 °. In the range, the wedge-shaped joint area becomes wider. Conversely, when the taper angle γ is reduced, the bonding area is increased. However, if the taper angle is less than 40 °, it is not preferable because excess brazing material hardly flows into the hole in the brazing process at the time of manufacturing the holder. From the above, the tapered angle of the truncated cone shape is preferably in the range of 40 to 70 °.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004623937
[0017]
At this time, since the joining portion has a truncated cone shape, if it is a simple conical concavity and convexity joint, it is difficult for the excess brazing material near the center to flow out in the brazing process when manufacturing the holder. The brazing layer becomes unnecessarily thick, and proper bonding strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, by providing a hole (vacant space) on the deep end face side of the truncated cone shape, an unnecessary brazing material flows into the hole so that a brazing layer at the joint portion is unnecessary. It is possible to prevent the thickness from increasing, and to suppress a decrease in bonding strength.
[0018]
Further, as a form of the joint portion, the joint part of the neck part is a truncated cone-shaped concave part, and the joint part of the shank part is a truncated cone-shaped convex part. It is preferable from the viewpoint of processability. On the contrary, when the shank part made of cemented carbide is a truncated cone-shaped concave shape, an acute-angled outer peripheral wall surface is formed at the tip, and due to the nature of the hard and brittle cemented carbide, The shape is not preferable because it is easily damaged during manufacture.
[0019]
Moreover, it is preferable that the diameter of the hole part used as the brazing material pool is 30 to 50% of the shaft diameter. If the diameter of the hole is smaller than 30% of the shaft diameter, it is not possible to obtain a sufficient area for the excess brazing material to flow in the brazing process at the time of making the holder. This is because sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained.
[0020]
As another embodiment, FIG. 3 shows a throw-away end mill, FIG. 4 shows a solid ball end mill, and FIG. 5 shows an application example to a boring bar. In particular, in the case of the solid ball end mill of FIG. 4, the shank portion is made of cemented carbide, and the neck portion including the cutting edge can be implemented as a solid ball end mill for finishing processing made of cermet.
[0021]
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was illustrated, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, It cannot be overemphasized that it can be made arbitrary, unless it deviates from the objective of invention.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the cutting tool of the present invention is a cutting tool in which a cemented carbide shank part and a neck part made of a material different from the shank part are joined by brazing, and the shank part and the neck part One has a convex portion having a tapered surface, the other has a concave portion having an inner wall surface joined to the tapered surface, and a space is provided between the top surface of the convex portion and the bottom surface of the concave portion. In addition, since the void extends outward from the virtual extension surface of the inner wall surface , the brazing area can be increased, so that the bonding strength between the shank portion and the neck portion can be increased. At the same time, it is possible to prevent the brazing layer from becoming unnecessarily thick by allowing excess brazing material to flow into the hole (vacant space) and to suppress a decrease in bonding strength.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a throw-away ball end mill according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment as a throw-away end mill according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment as a solid ball end mill according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an embodiment as a boring bar according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Shank part 2: Neck part 3: Cutting edge 4: Brazing material accumulation hole part 5: Throw away tip 6: Clamp screw 7: Frustum shape part (brazing joint part)
8: Axis γ: frustoconical taper angle θ 1 : angle of an oblique plane constituting a wedge with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis θ 2 : angles h, h 1 between a plane perpendicular to the axis and the tapered surface of the cone : Frustoconical height to virtual vertex r, r 1 : frustoconical base radius

Claims (4)

超硬合金製のシャンク部と該シャンク部と異なる材質からなる首部とをロウ付けにより接合してなる切削工具であって、
前記シャンク部および前記首部の一方はテーパー面を有する凸部を備え、他方は前記テーパー面に接合された内壁面を有する凹部を備えており、
前記凸部の頂面と前記凹部の底面との間に空所が設けられ、該空所が、断面視において前記内壁面の仮想延長よりも外方に拡がっているとともに、
前記凹部の底面は、断面視において前記仮想延長線の交差部より前記凸部の頂面側に位置することを特徴とする切削工具。
A cutting tool in which a cemented carbide shank part and a neck part made of a material different from the shank part are joined by brazing,
One of the shank portion and the neck portion includes a convex portion having a tapered surface, and the other includes a concave portion having an inner wall surface joined to the tapered surface,
Space is provided between the bottom surface of the top surface and the recess of the convex portion, the voids are, together has spread outward than an imaginary extension line of the inner wall surface in a cross-sectional view,
The bottom surface of the said recessed part is located in the top surface side of the said convex part from the cross | intersection part of the said virtual extension line in sectional view .
前記首部が、前記凹部を有し、前記シャンク部が、前記凸部を有した、請求項1に記載の切削工具。The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the neck portion has the concave portion, and the shank portion has the convex portion. 前記凸部のテーパー角度が40〜70°であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の切削工具。The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a taper angle of the convex portion is 40 to 70 °. 前記空所の直径が、接合部軸径の30〜50%であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の切削工具。The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a diameter of the void is 30 to 50% of a joint shaft diameter.
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JP2000052126A (en) * 1998-08-10 2000-02-22 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Cutting part replaceable cutting tool

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