JP4622990B2 - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an air conditioner capable of performing a defrosting operation for defrosting frost attached to an outdoor heat exchanger while heating is continued during a heating operation.

  Conventionally, this type of heat pump type air conditioner defrosting method generally employs a defrosting method in which the four-way valve is switched and the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle is flowed in the reverse direction.

  That is, in the defrosting operation, the flow direction of the refrigerant is the same as that during cooling, and a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is passed through the outdoor heat exchanger to melt frost adhering to the heat exchanger.

  In this defrosting system, since the indoor heat exchanger becomes an evaporator during defrosting, there is a basic problem that when the heating is stopped, the temperature of the room in the room is lowered and a cold air feeling is felt.

  As a countermeasure to this basic problem, an invention for performing a defrosting operation while continuing heating has been considered.

  FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle of a conventional air conditioner.

  As shown in the figure, in a heat pump refrigeration cycle in which a compressor, a four-way valve, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion mechanism, and an outdoor heat exchanger are connected by a refrigerant circuit, the expansion mechanism and the outdoor heat in the refrigeration cycle Between the exchangers and between the suction side of the compressor, a refrigerant heating circuit having a refrigerant heater, and between the discharge side of the compressor, the outdoor heat exchanger and the four-way valve in the refrigeration cycle. A defrosting circuit to be connected, and when defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger during the heat pump operation of the refrigeration cycle, after the refrigerant heated by the refrigerant heater passes through the compressor, The flow through the indoor heat exchanger and the flow from the defrosting circuit to the flow through the outdoor heat exchanger are branched, and the flow of the branched refrigerant merges at the inlet of the refrigerant heating circuit, and the refrigerant heater again. Thus the invention is configured is disclosed to be heated.

As taken up as a problem in the above invention, when performing a defrosting operation of the outdoor unit when performing a heat pump operation, it is possible to perform the defrosting operation while continuing the heating if conditions are determined. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
JP-A-11-182994

  However, this refrigeration cycle system has the following problems.

  In this refrigeration cycle, when the defrosting operation is performed, the two-way valve 109a is opened, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 101 flows between the outdoor heat exchanger 103 and the four-way valve 102. The two-way valve 106 is necessary so that the hot gas refrigerant to be defrosted does not flow to the compressor suction side.

The two-way valve 106 is connected to the suction side of the compressor 101, and in order to reduce the pressure loss during cooling and heating operation, the two-way valve 106 having a large diameter is adopted, which makes the two-way valve very expensive. End up.

  In addition, the two-way valve 108 is opened from the heat pump operation to switch to the refrigerant heating operation, and the refrigerant flow in the outdoor heat exchanger 103 is reversed in the method of performing the defrosting operation. Must be closed at one end, and a two-way valve 107 is required at the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 103.

  Therefore, this refrigeration cycle requires as many as four two-way valves, which is a complicated and expensive method.

  In addition, since the refrigerant after being defrosted and the refrigerant after being radiated by the indoor heat exchanger 110 merge, if the refrigerant pressure at the joining point is higher than the pressure of the refrigerant after being defrosted, If the refrigerant flows through the heat exchanger and vice versa, the refrigerant will flow into the room, and the defrosting operation may not be performed while heating.

  In addition, since the refrigerant after being defrosted and the refrigerant radiated by the indoor heat exchanger 110 join together, refrigerant noise is likely to occur, and in order to solve the above pressure balance problem and refrigerant noise problem The case where a refrigerant merger is required can be considered.

  Moreover, since the refrigerant circulation amount increases and the pressure loss increases at the junction, it is necessary to increase the pipe diameter as a countermeasure, and there is a structural problem that the heater becomes large.

  Furthermore, when the cooling circuit is operated, the inside of the piping of the refrigerant heater 104 is stabilized with the low-pressure refrigerant, and the temperature of the refrigerant heater 104 is decreased. Therefore, when the dew condensation occurs on the refrigerant heater 104 or the two-way valve 108 breaks down, the refrigerant Even when leakage occurs, condensation occurs in the refrigerant heater, and there is a big problem in the reliability and safety of the refrigerant heater.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art. A stable defrosting operation in which a refrigeration cycle can be configured with a simple bypass circuit and no problems of refrigerant noise and pressure balance occur. The purpose is to provide an air conditioner that can be implemented while continuing operation.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an air conditioner having a defrosting operation function that includes an indoor unit and an outdoor unit and performs a defrosting operation of an outdoor heat exchanger. A heat pump cycle in which a compressor, a four-way valve, an indoor heat exchanger, a first pressure reducer, an outdoor heat exchanger, the four-way valve, and the compressor are connected by refrigerant piping so as to become,
A first bypass circuit that connects a path from the indoor heat exchanger to the first pressure reducer and a path from the outdoor heat exchanger to the four-way valve;
A path through which the refrigerant travels from the four-way valve to the indoor heat exchanger and a path from the first pressure reducer to the outdoor heat exchanger, or a path through which the refrigerant travels from the compressor to the four-way valve; A second bypass circuit connecting a path from the first pressure reducer to the outdoor heat exchanger;
A current detecting means for detecting an operating current of the air conditioner in the outdoor unit, the first bypass circuit having a first two-way valve, a second pressure reducer, and a refrigerant heating for heating the refrigerant; A second two-way valve and a third pressure reducer are disposed in the second bypass circuit, and the value detected by the current detection means during the heating operation is If the current value is lower than a predetermined current value, the first two-way valve and the second two-way valve are turned on when the heat generation unit of the refrigerant heater is energized to start heat storage and perform the defrosting operation. It is characterized by opening the valve.

  The air conditioner of the present invention can perform defrosting while continuing the heating operation by storing heat for performing defrosting in the refrigerant heater before defrosting.

A first aspect of the present invention is an air conditioner having a defrosting operation function that includes an indoor unit and an outdoor unit and performs a defrosting operation of an outdoor heat exchanger. A four-way valve, an indoor heat exchanger, a first pressure reducer, an outdoor heat exchanger, the four-way valve, a heat pump cycle connected by refrigerant piping so as to be the compressor,
A first bypass circuit that connects a path from the indoor heat exchanger to the first pressure reducer and a path from the outdoor heat exchanger to the four-way valve;
A path through which the refrigerant travels from the four-way valve to the indoor heat exchanger and a path from the first pressure reducer to the outdoor heat exchanger, or a path through which the refrigerant travels from the compressor to the four-way valve; A second bypass circuit connecting a path from the first pressure reducer to the outdoor heat exchanger;
A current detecting means for detecting an operating current of the air conditioner in the outdoor unit, the first bypass circuit having a first two-way valve, a second pressure reducer, and a refrigerant heating for heating the refrigerant; A second two-way valve and a third pressure reducer are disposed in the second bypass circuit, and the value detected by the current detection means during the heating operation is If the current value is lower than a predetermined current value, the first two-way valve and the second two-way valve are turned on when the heat generation unit of the refrigerant heater is energized to start heat storage and perform the defrosting operation. This structure is characterized in that the valve is opened. With this configuration, the defrosting operation can be performed while performing the heating operation.

In addition, the refrigerant heater during defrosting is determined by energizing the refrigerant heater by heating the refrigerant heater by judging the timing of energizing the refrigerant heater based only on the current value, so that the refrigerant heater is energized during the heating operation . and the energization time can be shortened, there is an advantage that the power supply capacity margin Ru available efficiently refrigerant heater, if any.

  The second invention includes an outside air temperature detecting means for detecting an outside air temperature, and energizes the heat generating portion of the refrigerant heater when a value detected by the outside air temperature detecting means is lower than a predetermined temperature. Therefore, especially when the outside air temperature is extremely low (−15 ° C. or lower), the operating current may not increase even if the compressor is operated with a variable capacity. Therefore, the outside air temperature is detected from a predetermined temperature. When the temperature is low, the refrigerant heater is energized before the defrosting operation, the refrigerant heater can store heat and the refrigerant heater energization time during defrosting can be shortened, or the temperature of the electrical component when the temperature is extremely low Operate to protect the characteristics from changing.

  3rd invention is equipped with the refrigerant heater temperature detection means which detects the temperature of the refrigerant heater, and after energizing the exothermic part of the refrigerant heater, by the value detected by the refrigerant heater temperature detection means, By repeatedly energizing and stopping energization of the refrigerant heater, the refrigerant heater is energized immediately when the current value is lower than the set value without being limited by the time to energize the refrigerant heater, and the refrigerant heater stores heat. it can.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an air conditioner according to the present invention. In the figure, an outdoor unit 20 includes a compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, a decompressor 4, an outdoor heat exchanger 5, a first bypass circuit 6, a refrigerant heating two-way valve 7, a refrigerant heater 8, a second Bypass circuit 9, second two-way valve 10 for defrosting, third decompressor 11, first two-way valve 7, second decompressor 12, refrigerant heating heater 13 as a heat generating unit, refrigerant The passage pipe part 14, the heat storage part 15, and the outdoor blower 19 are provided. The indoor unit 18 is provided with the indoor heat exchanger 3 and the indoor blower 17. The decompressor 4 here may be an electromagnetic expansion valve.

  In addition, an outside air temperature sensor 21 and a refrigerant heating temperature sensor 22 are provided.

  Next, FIG. 2 is a control block diagram showing the first embodiment according to the present invention, FIG. 3 is a time chart showing the behavior when the control is operated, and FIG. 4 is for determining whether the refrigerant heater is energized. 6 is a time chart showing the relationship between the operating current and the current control value when FIG. 5 is a control diagram showing the relationship between the outside air temperature and the outside air temperature setting value when determining whether the refrigerant heater is energized. FIG. 6 is a refrigerant heater temperature characteristic diagram when the refrigerant heater is stopped from the refrigerant heater temperature.

  Next, the configuration will be described with reference to FIG. 2. Before the defrosting start determination unit 50 makes the defrosting start determination unit 50 on the outdoor unit side, the current detection unit 60 or the outside air temperature detection unit 61 performs the refrigerant heater energization determination. Thereafter, when it is determined that the defrosting is started, the compressor operating means 51, the refrigerant heating two-way valve opening / closing means 52, the defrosting two-way valve opening / closing means 53, the expansion valve opening varying means 54, the outdoor fan operating means 55 The defrosting operation is performed by the four-way valve switching means 56 and the heater heater operation stopping means 57 performing the operations shown in FIG.

  At this time, the defrosting start signal is received from the outdoor unit 20 by the indoor unit 18 by the defrosting start signal receiving means 58, and the indoor fan 17 is controlled by the indoor fan operating means 59 based on the determination of the defrosting operation.

  Further, the refrigerant heater is shut down by the heater heater operation stop means based on the temperature detected by the refrigerant heater temperature means.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 3, before the start of defrosting, the heating operation by the heat pump in step 1 is performed, and whether the refrigerant heater can be energized, the current value or the outside air temperature is detected, and the refrigerant heater The energization judgment is performed. It is determined that the current is lower than the current set value and the refrigerant heater energization determination is performed, or it is detected that the outside air temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature, and the energization determination of the refrigerant heater is performed. In step 2, energization of the refrigerant heating is performed based on the refrigerant heating energization determination, and the operation proceeds to the heat storage operation of the refrigerant heater. At this time, the compressor performs a normal operation, and both the heating operation and the refrigerant heater energization operation are performed.

  Next, in step 3, the refrigerant heating operation is performed, and then the defrosting operation is performed.

  First, in the refrigerant heating operation, the refrigerant heating two-way valve is turned on and controlled in the opening direction while the refrigerant heater is turned on.

  At this time, the expansion valve performs a closed operation or an operation close to the closed state.

  The external fan stops during defrosting. Since a four-way valve continues heating, it does not switch during defrosting with a heating circuit.

  Moreover, since an internal fan continues heating, it does not stop.

  Thereafter, in order to perform defrosting, the two-way valve for defrosting is turned on and controlled in the opening direction. The compressor is operated at an operating frequency for defrosting.

  Next, in step 4, the operation before defrosting is returned to when the defrosting is completed.

  Next, after step 5, the normal heat pump heating operation is resumed.

  In the first embodiment, the operating frequency of the compressor is changed, but the defrosting operation can be performed by continuing heating even with a constant speed compressor.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4, when it is detected that the total current decreases with respect to the current control value from the heating operation by the heat pump in Step 1, it is determined that the refrigerant heater is energized, and the process proceeds to Step 2.

  Also, as shown in FIG. 5, when the outside air temperature falls below a certain outside air temperature set value, it is determined that the refrigerant heater is energized, the refrigerant heater is energized, and both the heating operation and the energization operation of the refrigerant heater are operated.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the operation of the refrigerant heater is stopped by the temperature of the refrigerant heater, and control is performed so that the temperature of the refrigerant heater does not rise abnormally.

  With this control, the refrigerant heater can be energized by judging the timing of energizing the refrigerant heater based only on the current value. Therefore, in addition to defrosting, the temperature characteristics of the electrical components at extremely low temperatures are shifted. Thus, there is an effect that a stable control device can be driven.

    In addition, the heater part of the refrigerant heater may be of any shape and system as long as it is a heating element.

  As described above, the air conditioner according to the present invention can perform the defrosting operation while performing the heating operation using the amount of heat stored in the refrigerant heater, so that the operation can be performed with a short defrosting time and a high heating capacity. Thus, the present invention can be applied to an air conditioner in a cold region where the outdoor temperature is extremely low.

Configuration diagram of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Control block diagram according to the present invention Time chart of an embodiment according to the present invention Time chart of an embodiment according to the present invention Control diagram of embodiment according to the present invention Refrigerant heater temperature change diagram of the embodiment according to the present invention Configuration diagram of conventional air conditioner

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor 2 Four-way valve 3 Indoor heat exchanger 4 Pressure reducer 5 Outdoor heat exchanger 6 First bypass circuit 7 Two-way valve for refrigerant heating 8 Heater 9 Second bypass circuit 10 Two-way valve for defrosting 11 Removal Frost decompressor 12 Refrigerant heating decompressor 13 Heater heater 14 Refrigerant passage tube part 15 Heat storage part 17 Indoor blower 18 Indoor unit 19 Outdoor blower 20 Outdoor unit 21 Outdoor air temperature sensor 22 Refrigerant heater temperature sensor

Claims (3)

In an air conditioner having a defrosting operation function that includes an indoor unit and an outdoor unit and performs a defrosting operation of an outdoor heat exchanger,
Heat pump connected by refrigerant piping so that the refrigerant flow path in order during heating operation is a compressor, a four-way valve, an indoor heat exchanger, a first pressure reducer, an outdoor heat exchanger, the four-way valve, and the compressor Cycle,
A first bypass circuit that connects a path from the indoor heat exchanger to the first pressure reducer and a path from the outdoor heat exchanger to the four-way valve;
A path through which the refrigerant travels from the four-way valve to the indoor heat exchanger and a path from the first pressure reducer to the outdoor heat exchanger, or a path through which the refrigerant travels from the compressor to the four-way valve; A second bypass circuit connecting a path from the first pressure reducer to the outdoor heat exchanger;
Current detection means for detecting the operating current of the air conditioner in the outdoor unit,
The first bypass circuit includes a first two-way valve, a second pressure reducer, and a refrigerant heater that heats the refrigerant, and the second bypass circuit includes a second two-way valve. And a third decompressor, and
When the value detected by the current detection means is lower than a predetermined current value during the heating operation, the heat generation unit of the refrigerant heater is energized to start heat storage, and the defrosting operation is performed. And opening the first two-way valve and the second two-way valve. An outside air temperature detecting means for detecting an outside air temperature is provided, and when the value detected by the outside air temperature detecting means is lower than a predetermined temperature, the heating portion of the refrigerant heater is energized. The air conditioner according to 1. A refrigerant heater temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant heater is provided, and after the heat generating part of the refrigerant heater is energized, the refrigerant heater is energized according to a value detected by the refrigerant heater temperature detecting means. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the energization is repeatedly stopped.

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