JP4614172B2 - Fastening parts and equipment having a fastening structure - Google Patents
Fastening parts and equipment having a fastening structure Download PDFInfo
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この発明は、締結部品及び締結構造を有する機器に係り、さらに詳しくは、加熱によって半径方向に収縮可能な形状記憶部材からなるワッシャーを用い、未締結時にワッシャーが脱落して外れるのを効果的に防止する締結部品及び締結構造を有する機器に関する。 The present invention relates to a fastening part and a device having a fastening structure. More specifically, the invention uses a washer made of a shape memory member that can be contracted in the radial direction by heating, and effectively prevents the washer from falling off and coming off when not fastened. The present invention relates to a fastening part to be prevented and a device having a fastening structure.
従来、エアコン、洗濯機、冷蔵庫などの電化製品は、資源再利用及び環境問題への配慮から、リサイクルが積極的に行われるようになってきている。しかしながら、ねじなどの取り外しに時間が掛かり、十分に解体作業性の良いリサイクル処理が確立されていないのが実際の状況である。 Conventionally, electrical appliances such as air conditioners, washing machines and refrigerators have been actively recycled in consideration of resource reuse and environmental issues. However, the actual situation is that it takes time to remove screws and the like, and the recycling process with sufficiently good dismantling workability has not been established.
例えば電化製品などの部品の締結にはボルトを使用しているものがあるが、従来例（特許文献１）には、それぞれ別素材から形成されたボルトと熱膨張率の差に起因する弛みを防止することができるねじ付属品としての弾性座金が開示されている。弾性座金は、形状回復終了温度が５℃〜１０℃になるような形状記憶合金からなり、切欠部により分離された一対の腕部が互い違いになるように形状記憶処理が施されている。 For example, some bolts are used to fasten parts such as electrical appliances. However, in the conventional example (Patent Document 1), there is a slack caused by a difference in thermal expansion coefficient from a bolt formed from a different material. An elastic washer is disclosed as a screw accessory that can be prevented. The elastic washer is made of a shape memory alloy having a shape recovery end temperature of 5 ° C. to 10 ° C., and is subjected to shape memory processing so that the pair of arms separated by the notch portions are alternated.
この弾性座金の使用に際しては、変態点より十分低い温度で平形形状に成形されたものを用い、変態温度以上にならないようにして、ボルトと被締結部材との間又はナットと被締結部材との間に密着状態に弾性座金を挟む。そして、締結作業が済み、締結部分が変態温度以上になると、弾性座金が記憶されていた元の形状に復元し、ボルトの軸方向に引張力が作用して、ねじ面の接触面圧力が高まり、ボルトの締結力が維持されるようになっている。 When using this elastic washer, use one that is formed in a flat shape at a temperature sufficiently lower than the transformation point, so that it does not exceed the transformation temperature, and between the bolt and the fastening member or between the nut and the fastening member. An elastic washer is sandwiched between them. When the fastening operation is completed and the fastening part reaches the transformation temperature or higher, the elastic washer is restored to the original shape stored therein, and a tensile force acts in the axial direction of the bolt, increasing the contact surface pressure of the screw surface. The fastening force of the bolt is maintained.
このように、従来例は、形状回復する弾性座金の変形量が熱膨張によるボルトの伸びを上回るように形成されているから、ボルトと弾性座金との熱膨張率の差に起因する弛みが防止され、締結力が維持されるようになっている。
しかしながら、従来の形状記憶合金などからなる締結部材やねじ付属品には、解決すべき以下の問題点がある。 However, conventional fastening members and screw accessories made of shape memory alloys have the following problems to be solved.
従来例は、ボルトの締結力を高めるための座金を提供したものであり、電化製品などのプラスチックシャーシを確実に組み立てることができるものであるが、一方では、ボルトが強く締め付けられているため、ボルトを外すのが容易ではなく、解体作業性が良いものではないという問題がある。また、未締結時に座金が脱落して外れることがあり、締結作業に手数を要することがあるという問題がある。 In the conventional example, a washer for increasing the fastening force of the bolt is provided, and a plastic chassis such as an electric appliance can be reliably assembled. On the other hand, since the bolt is strongly tightened, There is a problem that it is not easy to remove the bolts and the dismantling workability is not good. In addition, there is a problem that the washer may fall off and come off when not fastened, and it may take time for fastening work.
この発明は、前記の実情に鑑み、作業性が良く確実に固定することができ、また、容易に分離、解体することができる締結部品及び締結構造を有する機器を提供することを目的としている。 In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a fastening part and a device having a fastening structure that can be fixed with good workability and can be easily separated and disassembled.
前記課題を解決し、かつ目的を達成するために、この発明は、以下のように構成されている。 In order to solve the above problems and achieve the object, the present invention is configured as follows.
請求項１に記載の発明は、ねじ回転工具係合穴を備えた頭部と雄ねじ部の間で、前記雄ねじ部の外径より大きく、 前記頭部の外径より小径に形成された係止段部と、
前記ネジ回転工具係合穴の底部より下方になる前記係止段部の外周に前記係止段部より小径のワッシャー保持部とを有するボルトと、
加熱前の内径が前記頭部の直径より小さく、加熱によって半径方向に前記頭部の直径より拡張可能な形状記憶材からなるワッシャーとからなり、
前記ワッシャー保持部は、環状の凹みによって形成され、
前記環状の凹みは、下側と上側に曲面部を有し、
前記下側の曲面部の曲がりが大きく、前記上側の曲面部の曲がりが小さく設定され、
前記ワッシャーを前記ワッシャー保持部に嵌合し、
前記下側の曲面部で前記ワッシャーを保持し、
締結時に前記ワッシャーが軸方向の押圧力により前記頭部の座面に移動可能であり、
前記ワッシャーは、前記上側の曲面部で弾性変形して拡張しながら前記係止段部に導かれて拡張した状態で係止されることを特徴とする締結部品である。
The invention according to claim 1 is a lock formed between a head provided with a screw rotating tool engagement hole and a male screw part, which is larger than the outer diameter of the male screw part and smaller than the outer diameter of the head part. A step,
A bolt having a washer holding portion having a smaller diameter than the locking step portion on the outer periphery of the locking step portion, which is below the bottom portion of the screw rotation tool engagement hole;
The inner diameter before heating is smaller than the diameter of the head, and comprises a washer made of a shape memory material that can be expanded in a radial direction from the diameter of the head by heating,
The washer holding part is formed by an annular recess,
The annular recess has curved portions on the lower side and the upper side,
The lower curved surface portion has a large bend, and the upper curved surface portion has a small bend,
The washer is fitted into the washer holding part,
Holding the washer at the lower curved surface,
The washer is movable to the seat surface of the head by an axial pressing force when fastened,
The washer is a fastening part that is elastically deformed by the upper curved surface portion and expanded while being guided to the locking step portion and expanded .
請求項２に記載の発明は、
前記ボルトは、転造加工を施して前記雄ねじ部と共に、前記ワッシャー保持部を形成したことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の締結部品である。
The invention described in claim 2
The fastening part according to claim 1, wherein the bolt is formed by rolling to form the washer holding portion together with the male screw portion.
請求項３に記載の発明は、締結部品と、この締結部品により締結される第１の構造体及び第２の構造体とからなる機器であって、
前記締結部品は、
ねじ回転工具係合穴を備えた頭部と雄ねじ部の間で、前記雄ねじ部の外径より大きく、前記頭部の外径より小径に形成された係止段部と、
前記ネジ回転工具係合穴の底部より下方になる前記係止段部の外周に前記係止段部より 小径のワッシャー保持部とを有するボルトと、
加熱前の内径が前記頭部の直径より小さく、加熱によって半径方向に前記頭部の直径より拡張可能な形状記憶材からなるワッシャーとからなり、
前記ワッシャー保持部は、環状の凹みによって形成され、
前記環状の凹みは、下側と上側に曲面部を有し、
前記下側の曲面部の曲がりが大きく、前記上側の曲面部の曲がりが小さく設定され、
前記ワッシャーを前記ワッシャー保持部に嵌合し、
前記下側の曲面部で前記ワッシャーを保持し、
締結時に前記ワッシャーが軸方向の押圧力により前記頭部の座面に移動可能であり、
前記ワッシャーは、前記上側の曲面部で弾性変形して拡張しながら前記係止段部に導かれて拡張した状態で係止され、
前記第１の構造体は、直径が前記頭部の直径よりも大きく、加熱前における前記ワッシャーの外径よりも小さな貫通孔を備え、
前記貫通孔に前記ボルトの軸部を前記第１の構造体側から挿通し、前記雄ねじ部を前記第２の構造体に螺着し、
締結時に前記ワッシャーが軸方向の押圧力により前記頭部の座面に移動して前記第１の構造体及び前記第２の構造体を締結することを特徴とする締結構造を有する機器である。
Invention of Claim 3 is an apparatus which consists of a fastening component and the 1st structure and 2nd structure fastened by this fastening component,
The fastening part is
Between the head provided with the screw rotation tool engagement hole and the male screw part, a locking step part formed larger than the outer diameter of the male screw part and smaller than the outer diameter of the head part,
A bolt having a washer holding portion having a smaller diameter than the locking step portion on the outer periphery of the locking step portion which is below the bottom portion of the screw rotating tool engagement hole;
The inner diameter before heating is smaller than the diameter of the head, and comprises a washer made of a shape memory material that can be expanded in a radial direction from the diameter of the head by heating,
The washer holding part is formed by an annular recess,
The annular recess has curved portions on the lower side and the upper side,
The lower curved surface portion has a large bend, and the upper curved surface portion has a small bend,
The washer is fitted into the washer holding part,
Holding the washer at the lower curved surface,
The washer is movable to the seat surface of the head by an axial pressing force when fastened,
The washer is locked in an expanded state guided by the locking step while elastically deforming and expanding at the upper curved surface portion,
The first structure has a through-hole whose diameter is larger than the diameter of the head and smaller than the outer diameter of the washer before heating,
The shaft portion of the bolt is inserted from the first structure side into the through hole, the male screw portion is screwed to the second structure body,
In the fastening, the washer is moved to the seating surface of the head by an axial pressing force to fasten the first structure and the second structure.
前記構成により、この発明は、以下のような効果を有する。
請求項１に記載の発明では、加熱前の内径がボルトの頭部の直径より小さく、加熱によって半径方向にボルトの頭部の直径より拡張可能な形状記憶材からなるワッシャーをボルトのワッシャー保持部に嵌合し、締結時にワッシャーが軸方向の押圧力により頭部の座面に移動可能であり、未締結時にはワッシャーが脱落して外れるのを効果的に防止することができ、作業性が良く確実に固定することができる。
With the above configuration, the present invention has the following effects.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the washer made of a shape memory material whose inner diameter before heating is smaller than the diameter of the head of the bolt and which can be expanded in a radial direction by the diameter of the head of the bolt is heated. The washer can be moved to the seating surface of the head by the axial pressing force when fastened, and it can effectively prevent the washer from falling off and coming off when not fastened. It can be fixed securely.
請求項２に記載の発明では、ボルトに転造加工を施すことで、雄ねじ部と共に、ワッシャー保持部を形成するから、ボルトの加工を簡素化することができる。また、ボルトは、ワッシャー保持部がネジ回転工具係合穴の底部より下方に位置しているから、転造加工を施すことによっても、ネジ回転工具係合穴が変形することがなく、ボルトの加工精度が向上する。 In the invention according to claim 2, since the washer holding portion is formed together with the male screw portion by rolling the bolt, the processing of the bolt can be simplified. In addition, since the washer holding portion of the bolt is located below the bottom of the screw rotation tool engagement hole, the screw rotation tool engagement hole is not deformed even when rolling is performed. Machining accuracy is improved.
請求項３に記載の発明では、加熱前の内径がボルトの頭部の直径より小さく、加熱によって半径方向にボルトの頭部の直径より拡張可能な形状記憶材からなるワッシャーをボルトのワッシャー保持部に嵌合し、締結時にワッシャーが軸方向の押圧力により頭部の座面に移動可能であり、未締結時にはワッシャーが脱落して外れるのを効果的に防止することができ、作業性が良く確実に固定することができる。また、第１の構造体及び第２の構造体の締結後に解体する場合には、熱によってワッシャーが半径方向にボルトの頭部の直径より拡張するからワッシャー、第１の構造体が第２の構造体から外れ、容易に分離、解体することができる。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, a washer comprising a shape memory material whose inner diameter before heating is smaller than the diameter of the head portion of the bolt and which can be expanded in a radial direction by the diameter of the head portion of the bolt. The washer can be moved to the seating surface of the head by the axial pressing force when fastened, and it can effectively prevent the washer from falling off and coming off when not fastened. It can be fixed securely. Further, when disassembling after the first structure and the second structure are fastened, the washer is radially expanded from the diameter of the head of the bolt by heat, so that the washer and the first structure are the second. Detach from the structure and can be easily separated and disassembled.
以下、この発明の締結部品及び締結構造を有する機器の実施の形態について説明するが、この発明の実施の形態は、発明の最も好ましい形態を示すものであり、この発明はこれに限定されない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of a fastening part and a device having a fastening structure according to the present invention will be described. However, the embodiment of the present invention shows the most preferable embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this.
まず、この発明の締結部品について説明する。図１は締結部品の側面図、図２は締結部品の分解斜視図、図３はワッシャーの平面図である。 First, the fastening component of the present invention will be described. 1 is a side view of the fastening part, FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the fastening part, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the washer.
この発明の締結部品１は、図１及び図２に示すように、ボルト２と、ワッシャー３とからなる。ボルト２は、頭部２aと雄ねじ部2bの間で、雄ねじ部2bの外径L1より大きく、頭部2aの外径L2より小径L3に形成された係止段部2cを有する。頭部２aには、ねじ回転工具係合穴２ｄを備え、図示しない締結時にねじ回転工具を、ねじ回転工具係合穴２ｄに係合して所定位置に移動させることができるようになっている。
ネジ回転工具係合穴２ｄには、底部２ｄ１が中心部に形成され、この底部２ｄ１より下方になる位置に係止段部２cがあり、この係止段部２cの外周には係止段部２ｃより小径L4のワッシャー保持部２eが形成されている。ワッシャー保持部２eは、環状の凹みによって形成され、ワッシャー３が入り込み保持されるようになっている。さらに、ワッシャー保持部２eの環状の凹みは、下側の曲面部２e1の曲がりが大きく、上側の曲面部２e２の曲がりが小さく、下側の曲面部２e1でワッシャー３を確実に保持でき、上側の曲面部２e２でワッシャー３を弾性変形して拡張しながら係止段部２cに円滑に導くことができるようになっている。
The fastening component 1 of the present invention includes a bolt 2 and a washer 3 as shown in FIGS. The bolt 2 has a locking step 2c formed between the head 2a and the male screw 2b that is larger than the outer diameter L1 of the male screw 2b and smaller in diameter L3 than the outer diameter L2 of the head 2a. The head 2a is provided with a screw rotating tool engaging hole 2d, and can be moved to a predetermined position by engaging the screw rotating tool engaging hole 2d during fastening (not shown). .
The screw rotating tool engaging hole 2d has a bottom 2d1 formed at the center, and a locking step 2c is provided at a position below the bottom 2d1, and a locking step is provided on the outer periphery of the locking step 2c. A washer holding portion 2e having a diameter L4 smaller than 2c is formed. The washer holding portion 2e is formed by an annular recess, and the washer 3 is inserted and held therein. Further, the annular recess of the washer holding portion 2e has a large curvature of the lower curved surface portion 2e1, a small curvature of the upper curved surface portion 2e2, and can securely hold the washer 3 by the lower curved surface portion 2e1. The washer 3 is elastically deformed by the curved surface portion 2e2 and can be smoothly guided to the locking step portion 2c while expanding.
この実施の形態では、ボルト２に転造加工を施すことにより、雄ねじ部2bの外周囲に雄ネジを形成するとともに、ワッシャー保持部２eを形成している。このように、ボルト２に転造加工を施すことで、雄ねじ部２bと共に、ワッシャー保持部2eを形成することで、ボルト２の加工を簡素化することができる。また、ボルト２は、ワッシャー保持部２eがネジ回転工具係合穴2dの底部2d1より下方に位置しているから、転造加工を施すことによってワッシャー保持部2eを形成してもネジ回転工具係合穴2dが変形することがなく、ボルト2の加工精度が向上する。 In this embodiment, by rolling the bolt 2, a male screw is formed on the outer periphery of the male screw portion 2b, and a washer holding portion 2e is formed. Thus, by forming the washer 2 with the male screw portion 2b by rolling the bolt 2, the processing of the bolt 2 can be simplified. Further, since the washer holding part 2e is located below the bottom part 2d1 of the screw rotating tool engaging hole 2d, the bolt 2 is engaged with the screw rotating tool even if the washer holding part 2e is formed by rolling. The joint hole 2d is not deformed, and the processing accuracy of the bolt 2 is improved.
ワッシャー３は、加熱前の内径L10が頭部２aの直径L2より小さく、加熱によって内径L10が半径方向に頭部2aの直径L2より拡張可能な形状記憶材からなる。このワッシャー３をワッシャー保持部２eに嵌合し、締結時にワッシャー３が軸方向の押圧力により上側の曲面部２e２でワッシャー３を弾性変形して拡張しながら係止段部２cに円滑に導き、さらに頭部２aの座面2a1に移動可能である。 The washer 3 is made of a shape memory material whose inner diameter L10 before heating is smaller than the diameter L2 of the head 2a, and whose inner diameter L10 can be expanded in the radial direction from the diameter L2 of the head 2a by heating. The washer 3 is fitted into the washer holding portion 2e, and when the washer 3 is fastened, the washer 3 is elastically deformed and expanded by the upper curved surface portion 2e2 by the axial pressing force, and smoothly led to the locking step portion 2c. Furthermore, it can move to the seating surface 2a1 of the head 2a.
このワッシャー３の厚さW1より、ボルト２の係止段部２cの軸方向の長さW2が長くなっており、締結時にワッシャー３がずれたりすることがなく確実にボルト２を支持することができるようになっている。このワッシャー３は、図３に示すように、一部3a,３bを切断して小さく開口し、軸方向に弾性を有するものが用いられるが、これらに限定されない。 The axial length W2 of the locking step 2c of the bolt 2 is longer than the thickness W1 of the washer 3, and the bolt 2 can be reliably supported without the washer 3 being displaced during fastening. It can be done. As shown in FIG. 3, the washer 3 may be one having a small opening by cutting portions 3a and 3b and having elasticity in the axial direction, but is not limited thereto.
この発明の締結部品１は、図２に示すように、ボルト２の雄ねじ部2bよりワッシャー３を挿入し、この挿入したワッシャー３は、内径L10が係止段部2cの下部２c1より小径であるから弾性変形して拡張してワッシャー保持部２eで係止する。つまり、加熱前は半径方向に収縮したワッシャー３は、ワッシャー保持部２eで係止されて係止段部２ｃに収容され、ワッシャー３がボルト２から外れてしまわないように保持される。 As shown in FIG. 2, the fastening component 1 of the present invention has a washer 3 inserted from an external thread portion 2b of a bolt 2. The inserted washer 3 has an inner diameter L10 smaller than a lower portion 2c1 of the locking step portion 2c. Then, it is elastically deformed and expanded and locked by the washer holding portion 2e. That is, the washer 3 contracted in the radial direction before heating is locked by the washer holding portion 2e and accommodated in the locking step portion 2c, and is held so that the washer 3 does not come off from the bolt 2.
ワッシャー３に用いられる形状記憶部材としては、各種金属からなる形状記憶合金や、各種重合体からなる形状記憶樹脂が考えられる。形状記憶合金は、所定の相転移温度以上で成形された形状を当該相転移温度よりも低い温度において記憶している金属であり、加熱による記憶形状への復元作用を有している。具体的には、Ｔｉ−Ｎｉ（チタン−ニッケル）合金やＣｕ−Ｚｎ−Ａｌ（銅−亜鉛−アルミニウム）合金、Ｔｉ−Ｎｉ−Ｆｅ（チタン−ニッケル−鉄）合金などの合金が形状記憶合金として用いられる。この様な形状記憶合金は、一般に、加熱による復元作用の他に、超弾性や高い振動吸収性、高耐食性を備えている。 As the shape memory member used for the washer 3, shape memory alloys made of various metals and shape memory resins made of various polymers are conceivable. A shape memory alloy is a metal that memorizes a shape molded at a predetermined phase transition temperature or higher at a temperature lower than the phase transition temperature, and has a restoring action to a memory shape by heating. Specifically, Ti-Ni (titanium-nickel) alloy, Cu-Zn-Al (copper-zinc-aluminum) alloy, Ti-Ni-Fe (titanium-nickel-iron) alloy, etc. are used as shape memory alloys. Used. Such shape memory alloys generally have superelasticity, high vibration absorption, and high corrosion resistance in addition to the restoring action by heating.
形状記憶合金に所望の形状を記憶させるための熱処理において、その処理条件は合金組成及び用途によって異なっている。例えば、大気などの不活性ガスからなる雰囲気中や真空中において、４００〜８００℃の処理温度を保持しながら、５〜６０分間加熱される。ここでは、Ｔｉ−Ｎｉ合金からなる形状記憶合金が形状記憶部材として用いられるものとし、大気中で７５０℃の処理温度を保持しながら１０分間の加熱処理が行われる。 In the heat treatment for causing a shape memory alloy to memorize a desired shape, the treatment conditions differ depending on the alloy composition and application. For example, it is heated for 5 to 60 minutes while maintaining a processing temperature of 400 to 800 ° C. in an atmosphere made of an inert gas such as air or in a vacuum. Here, a shape memory alloy made of a Ti—Ni alloy is used as a shape memory member, and a heat treatment for 10 minutes is performed while maintaining a processing temperature of 750 ° C. in the atmosphere.
加熱によって形状記憶合金が相変態を開始し、記憶形状に復元する相転移温度（逆変態開始温度）は、合金を構成する金属元素の種類や組成割合などによって大きく異なっている。例えば、Ｔｉ−５０Ｎｉ合金の場合、７８℃となっている。ここで用いられるＴｉ−Ｎｉ合金では、およそ１００℃となっている。なお、ここでいう加熱による相変態とは、マルテンサイト相からオーステナイト相への変態のことである。 The phase transition temperature (reverse transformation start temperature) at which the shape memory alloy starts phase transformation by heating and recovers to the memory shape varies greatly depending on the type and composition ratio of the metal elements constituting the alloy. For example, in the case of a Ti-50Ni alloy, it is 78 ° C. In the Ti—Ni alloy used here, the temperature is approximately 100 ° C. In addition, the phase transformation by heating here is transformation from a martensite phase to an austenite phase.
つまり、高温で形状を記憶させた形状記憶合金は、低温度、すなわち、逆変態開始温度よりも低い温度で記憶形状とは異なる形状に変形されても、当該逆変態開始温度よりも高い温度まで加熱することによって、記憶形状に復元させることができる。そこで、螺旋状の線材に予め形状を記憶させ、この線材から切り出した環状部材の径を狭めてワッシャー３とすれば、加熱によって半径方向に拡張するワッシャー３を得ることができる。 In other words, even if the shape memory alloy having the shape memorized at a high temperature is deformed to a shape different from the memorized shape at a low temperature, that is, a temperature lower than the reverse transformation start temperature, the shape memory alloy has a temperature higher than the reverse transformation start temperature. By heating, the memory shape can be restored. Therefore, if the shape is stored in advance in a spiral wire and the diameter of the annular member cut out from the wire is reduced to be the washer 3, the washer 3 that expands in the radial direction by heating can be obtained.
なお、上述した様な形状記憶合金を形状記憶部材として用いるのに代えて、形状記憶樹脂を用いても良い。形状記憶樹脂は、所定の相転移温度（ガラス転移温度）以上で成形された形状を当該相転移温度よりも低い温度において記憶している高分子ポリマーであり、加熱による記憶形状への復元作用を有している。具体的には、ポリウレタン系ポリマーを形状記憶部材として用いることができる。ワッシャー３に用いられる形状記憶部材としては、各種金属からなる形状記憶合金や、各種重合体からなる形状記憶樹脂が考えられる。 Instead of using a shape memory alloy as described above as a shape memory member, a shape memory resin may be used. A shape memory resin is a polymer that stores a shape molded at a predetermined phase transition temperature (glass transition temperature) or higher at a temperature lower than the phase transition temperature, and restores the memory shape by heating. Have. Specifically, a polyurethane-based polymer can be used as a shape memory member. As the shape memory member used for the washer 3, shape memory alloys made of various metals and shape memory resins made of various polymers are conceivable.
次に、締結部品と、この締結部品により締結される第１の構造体及び第２の構造体とからなる機器について説明する。図４は締結部品により締結した第１の構造体及び第２の構造体とからなる機器の断面図、図５は第１の構造体及び第２の構造体とからなる機器を締結部品により締結する前の状態を示す図、図６は第１の構造体及び第２の構造体とからなる機器を解体した状態を示す図である。 Next, a device composed of a fastening part and a first structure and a second structure fastened by the fastening part will be described. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a device composed of a first structure and a second structure fastened by a fastening component, and FIG. 5 is a device fastening a device composed of the first structure and a second structure using a fastening component. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a state before disassembly, and FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a state where a device including the first structure and the second structure is disassembled.
この実施の形態の機器２０は、締結部品１と、この締結部品１により締結される第１の構造体２１及び第２の構造体２２とからなる。 The device 20 of this embodiment includes a fastening component 1 and a first structure 21 and a second structure 22 that are fastened by the fastening component 1.
この実施の形態の締結部品１は、図１乃至図３に示すものが用いられ、同じ構成は同じ符号を付して詳細な説明を省略する。第１の構造体２１及び第２の構造体２２は、貫通孔21a、２２aを備えている。貫通孔21aの直径L３0は、ボルト２の頭部２aの直径L２よりも大きく、加熱前におけるワッシャー3の外径L２０よりも小さい。 As the fastening component 1 of this embodiment, the one shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is used, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted. The first structure 21 and the second structure 22 include through holes 21a and 22a. The diameter L30 of the through hole 21a is larger than the diameter L2 of the head 2a of the bolt 2 and smaller than the outer diameter L20 of the washer 3 before heating.
この第１の構造体２１及び第２の構造体２２の締結は、図５に示すように、加熱前は半径方向に収縮したワッシャー３は、ワッシャー保持部２eで係止されて係止段部２ｃに収容され、ワッシャー３がボルト２から外れてしまわないように保持されている。このように、未締結時にはワッシャー３が脱落して外れるのを効果的に防止することができ、作業性良く確実に固定することができる。 As shown in FIG. 5, the first structure 21 and the second structure 22 are fastened. The washer 3 contracted in the radial direction before heating is locked by a washer holding portion 2e to be locked. 2c, and is held so that the washer 3 does not come off the bolt 2. In this way, it is possible to effectively prevent the washer 3 from falling off and coming off when not fastened, and can be reliably fixed with good workability.
この締結部品１のボルト２を第１の構造体側から貫通孔21aに挿通し、雄ねじ部2bを第２の構造体22の雌ねじ部２２aに螺着して締結する。この締結時には、ワッシャー３がワッシャー保持部２eから上側の曲面部２e２で弾性変形して拡張しながら係止段部２cに円滑に導かれ、さらに軸方向の押圧力により係止段部２cから頭部２aの座面2a1に移動し、頭部2aによりワッシャー3を介して第１の構造体21が押圧され、第１の構造体21及び第２の構造体22を確実に締結することができる。 The bolt 2 of the fastening component 1 is inserted into the through hole 21a from the first structure side, and the male screw portion 2b is screwed to the female screw portion 22a of the second structure 22 to be fastened. At the time of this fastening, the washer 3 is smoothly guided from the washer holding portion 2e to the locking step portion 2c while being elastically deformed and expanded at the upper curved surface portion 2e2, and further, the head is moved from the locking step portion 2c by the axial pressing force. The first structure 21 is moved to the seating surface 2a1 of the portion 2a, the first structure 21 is pressed by the head 2a via the washer 3, and the first structure 21 and the second structure 22 can be securely fastened. .
また、第１の構造体21及び第２の構造体22の締結後に解体する場合には、図６に示すように、加熱によってワッシャー３の内径L10が半径方向に拡張し、頭部2aの直径L２より拡張することで、ボルト２の頭部２aからワッシャー3が外れ、さらに第１の構造体２１が外れ、容易にワッシャー3及び第１の構造体２１を第２の構造体２２から分離して解体することができる。 When disassembling the first structure 21 and the second structure 22 after fastening, as shown in FIG. 6, the inner diameter L10 of the washer 3 is expanded in the radial direction by heating, and the diameter of the head 2a is increased. By extending from L2, the washer 3 is detached from the head 2a of the bolt 2, and the first structure 21 is detached, and the washer 3 and the first structure 21 are easily separated from the second structure 22. Can be dismantled.
この発明は、加熱によって半径方向に収縮可能な形状記憶部材からなるワッシャーを用い、未締結時にワッシャーが脱落して外れるのを効果的に防止する締結部品及び締結構造を有する機器に適用でき、作業性が良く確実に固定することができ、また、容易に分離、解体することができる。 The present invention can be applied to a device having a fastening part and a fastening structure that uses a washer made of a shape memory member that can be contracted in the radial direction by heating, and that effectively prevents the washer from falling off and coming off when not fastened. It can be fixed securely and can be easily separated and disassembled.
１ 締結部品
２ ボルト
２a 頭部
２b 雄ねじ部
２c 係止段部
２d ねじ回転工具係合穴
２e ワッシャー保持部
３ ワッシャー
２０ 機器
２１ 第１の構造体
２２ 第２の構造体
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fastening component 2 Bolt 2a Head 2b Male thread part 2c Locking step part 2d Screw rotation tool engagement hole 2e Washer holding part 3 Washer 20 Equipment 21 1st structure 22 2nd structure
Claims (3)
前記ネジ回転工具係合穴の底部より下方になる前記係止段部の外周に前記係止段部より小径のワッシャー保持部とを有するボルトと、
加熱前の内径が前記頭部の直径より小さく、加熱によって半径方向に前記頭部の直径より拡張可能な形状記憶材からなるワッシャーとからなり、
前記ワッシャー保持部は、環状の凹みによって形成され、
前記環状の凹みは、下側と上側に曲面部を有し、
前記下側の曲面部の曲がりが大きく、前記上側の曲面部の曲がりが小さく設定され、
前記ワッシャーを前記ワッシャー保持部に嵌合し、
前記下側の曲面部で前記ワッシャーを保持し、
締結時に前記ワッシャーが軸方向の押圧力により前記頭部の座面に移動可能であり、
前記ワッシャーは、前記上側の曲面部で弾性変形して拡張しながら前記係止段部に導かれて拡張した状態で係止されることを特徴とする締結部品。 Between the head provided with the screw rotating tool engagement hole and the male screw portion, a locking step portion formed larger than the outer diameter of the male screw portion and smaller than the outer diameter of the head portion,
A bolt having a washer holding portion having a smaller diameter than the locking step portion on the outer periphery of the locking step portion, which is below the bottom portion of the screw rotation tool engagement hole;
The inner diameter before heating is smaller than the diameter of the head, and comprises a washer made of a shape memory material that can be expanded in a radial direction from the diameter of the head by heating,
The washer holding part is formed by an annular recess,
The annular recess has curved portions on the lower side and the upper side,
The lower curved surface portion has a large bend, and the upper curved surface portion has a small bend,
The washer is fitted into the washer holding part,
Holding the washer at the lower curved surface,
The washer is movable to the seat surface of the head by an axial pressing force when fastened,
The fastening part according to claim 1, wherein the washer is elastically deformed by the upper curved surface portion and expanded while being guided to the locking step portion and expanded .
前記締結部品は、
ねじ回転工具係合穴を備えた頭部と雄ねじ部の間で、前記雄ねじ部の外径より大きく、 前記頭部の外径より小径に形成された係止段部と、
前記ネジ回転工具係合穴の底部より下方になる前記係止段部の外周に前記係止段部より 小径のワッシャー保持部とを有するボルトと、
加熱前の内径が前記頭部の直径より小さく、加熱によって半径方向に前記頭部の直径より拡張可能な形状記憶材からなるワッシャーとからなり、
前記ワッシャー保持部は、環状の凹みによって形成され、
前記環状の凹みは、下側と上側に曲面部を有し、
前記下側の曲面部の曲がりが大きく、前記上側の曲面部の曲がりが小さく設定され、
前記ワッシャーを前記ワッシャー保持部に嵌合し、
前記下側の曲面部で前記ワッシャーを保持し、
締結時に前記ワッシャーが軸方向の押圧力により前記頭部の座面に移動可能であり、
前記ワッシャーは、前記上側の曲面部で弾性変形して拡張しながら前記係止段部に導かれて拡張した状態で係止され、
前記第１の構造体は、直径が前記頭部の直径よりも大きく、加熱前における前記ワッシャーの外径よりも小さな貫通孔を備え、
前記貫通孔に前記ボルトの軸部を前記第１の構造体側から挿通し、前記雄ねじ部を前記第２の構造体に螺着し、
締結時に前記ワッシャーが軸方向の押圧力により前記頭部の座面に移動して前記第１の構造体及び前記第２の構造体を締結することを特徴とする締結構造を有する機器。 A device comprising a fastening part, and a first structure and a second structure fastened by the fastening part,
The fastening part is
Between the head provided with the screw rotating tool engagement hole and the male screw portion, a locking step portion formed larger than the outer diameter of the male screw portion and smaller than the outer diameter of the head portion,
A bolt having a washer holding portion having a smaller diameter than the locking step portion on the outer periphery of the locking step portion which is below the bottom portion of the screw rotating tool engagement hole;
The inner diameter before heating is smaller than the diameter of the head, and comprises a washer made of a shape memory material that can be expanded in a radial direction from the diameter of the head by heating,
The washer holding part is formed by an annular recess,
The annular recess has curved portions on the lower side and the upper side,
The lower curved surface portion has a large bend, and the upper curved surface portion has a small bend,
The washer is fitted into the washer holding part,
Holding the washer at the lower curved surface,
The washer is movable to the seat surface of the head by an axial pressing force when fastened,
The washer is locked in an expanded state guided by the locking step while elastically deforming and expanding at the upper curved surface portion,
The first structure has a through-hole whose diameter is larger than the diameter of the head and smaller than the outer diameter of the washer before heating,
The shaft portion of the bolt is inserted from the first structure side into the through hole, the male screw portion is screwed to the second structure body,
An apparatus having a fastening structure, wherein the washer moves to a seating surface of the head by an axial pressing force when fastening, and fastens the first structure and the second structure.
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