JP4612756B2 - Radiography equipment - Google Patents

Radiography equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4612756B2
JP4612756B2 JP2000051095A JP2000051095A JP4612756B2 JP 4612756 B2 JP4612756 B2 JP 4612756B2 JP 2000051095 A JP2000051095 A JP 2000051095A JP 2000051095 A JP2000051095 A JP 2000051095A JP 4612756 B2 JP4612756 B2 JP 4612756B2
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JP2001238880A (en
JP2001238880A5 (en
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正明 小林
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Priority to US09/770,667 priority patent/US6928145B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、被検者にX線等の放射線を投射して放射線画像を撮影する装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
放射線撮影装置は、被検者の医療診断などの医療分野、物質の非破壊検査等の検査分野で使用されており、放射線画像を受像する受像器にはいくつかの方式が存在する。
【0003】
第1の方式は、増感紙と放射線写真フィルムを密着させて使用する放射線写真法である。これは被写体を透過した放射線が増感紙に入射すると、増感紙に含まれている蛍光体が放射線のエネルギを吸収して蛍光を発生し、この蛍光により放射線写真フィルムが感光し、放射線像を可視像として記録する。
【0004】
第2の方式は、蓄積性蛍光体から成る放射線検出器を備えた画像記録再生装置として知られている。放射線が被写体を透過して蓄積性蛍光体に入射すると、蓄積性蛍光体は放射線エネルギの一部を蓄積する。そして蓄積性蛍光体に可視光を照射すると、蓄積性蛍光体は蓄積したエネルギに応じた輝尽発光を示す。つまり蓄積性蛍光体は被写体の放射線画像情報を蓄積し、走査手段が蓄積性蛍光体をレーザー光等の励起光により走査し、信号読取手段が輝尽発光光を光電的に読み取り、写真感光材料等の記録材料又はCRT等の表示手段が可視像として記録又は表示する。
【0005】
第3の方式として、放射線をリアルタイムで検出して直接デジタル出力する放射線検出器が知られており、例えば特開平8−116044号公報にその原理が記載されている。デジタル検出器は半導体プロセス技術の進歩により可能となったもので、シンチレータと固体光検出器を積層して、シンチレータは放射線を可視光に変換し、固体光検出器は可視光を光電変換する。固体光検出器は石英ガラスから成る基板上に、透明導電膜と導電膜から成る固体光検出素子をアモルファス半導体膜で挟んでマトリクス状に配列した構成を有する。放射線検出器は数mmの厚さの平面パネル状であるため薄型軽量化が容易である。
【0006】
図6は具体的な装置構成の一例を示すものである。被検者Sの四肢、頭部、腹部等の単純撮影する際に使用するブッキー撮影台を、その長手方向(被験者の頭上方向)から見た図である。この撮影台では天板1上に横たわる被検者Sに対して、上方に位置する管球TからX線を曝射し、被検者Sを透過したX線を受像器2により受像して放射線画像を得る。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
医療の現場では簡便な操作で様々な方向から被験者の画像を得たいという要望があり、これに応えるものとして図7に示すような装置がある。この装置では、天板1上の被検者Sの側面を撮影するために、天板1の下の受像器2を使用する代りに、フィルム又は蓄積性蛍光体シートを収納したカセッテ3を被検者Sの側方に置いて、側方から管球T’でX線を曝射し、被検者Sを透過したX線をカセッテ3のフィルムで受像するものである。
【0008】
しかしできることなら、どの方向から撮影するにしても同一の受像器を用いた撮影が望まれる。またその際に安全性や操作性を損なうことがあってはならない。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記要望に応えるためになされたもので、本発明の一形態による放射線撮像装置は、被験者を載せ水平方向で移動可能な天板と、前記被験者の放射線画像を受像する受像器と、前記天板に対する前記受像器の水平方向の位置および前記天板に対する前記受像器の姿勢を可変にする移動機構、および前記天板に対して前記受像器の姿勢が水平でない場合に前記天板の所定方向の移動を制限する制限手段を有することを特徴とする。
【0010】
本発明の別の形態の放射線撮像装置は、被験者を載せ水平方向で移動可能な天板と、前記被験者の放射線画像を受像する受像器と、前記天板に対する前記受像器の水平方向の位置、および前記天板に対する前記受像器の姿勢を可変にする移動機構および前記天板の位置に応じて前記受像器の姿勢変更を制限する制限手段を有することを特徴とする。
【0011】
本発明のさらに別の形態の放射線撮影装置は、被験者を載せ水平方向で移動可能な天板と、前記被験者の放射線画像を受像する受像器と、前記天板に対する前記受像器の水平方向の位置、および前記天板に対する前記受像器の姿勢を可変にする移動機構、および前記天板に対して前記受像器の姿勢が水平でない場合に前記天板を前記受像器のある方向に移動させた際、あるいは前記天板が所定の範囲に位置している場合に受像器の姿勢を水平から変更した際に、前記天板と前記受像器との間に位置して両者の直接の衝突を避ける緩衝部材を有することを特徴とする。
【0012】
本発明のさらに別の形態の放射線撮影装置は、被験者を載せ水平方向で移動可能な天板と、前記被験者の放射線画像を受像する受像器と、前記天板に対する前記受像器の水平方向の位置および前記天板に対する前記受像器の姿勢を可変にする移動機構、および前記天板に対して前記受像器の姿勢が水平でなく、且つ前記天板が所定の範囲にある場合に前記天板の所定方向の移動を制限する制限手段を有することを特徴とする。
【0013】
本発明のさらに別の形態の放射線撮影装置は、被験者を載せ水平方向で移動可能な天板と、前記被験者の放射線画像を受像する受像器、および前記天板に対する前記受像器の水平方向の位置、および前記天板に対する前記受像器の姿勢を可変にする移動機構を有し、該移動機構は前記天板に対して前記受像器の姿勢が水平でない場合に該受像器の水平方向の移動を行えなくする機構を備えることを特徴とする。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施形態を図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、以下の説明では放射線画像を受像する受像器の例としてデジタル放射線検出器を用いた例を示すが、これに限定されるわけではなく、放射線写真フィルムまたは蓄積性蛍光体シートを入れたカセッテを使用する受像器に置きかえることもできる。
【0015】
図1は放射線撮影装置の全体概要図である。X線発生装置であるX線管球はT、T’のいずれかの位置に選択的に設置可能で、被験者Sに向けて上方または側方からX線を投射する。テーブル・ベッド等の撮影台の天板101は撮影する被検者Sを載せるもので、その材質はアクリル板、カーボン板又は木材である。天板101は支持台110の上に水平面で移動可能に支持されている。天板101の下方で支持台110の上面には、X線デジタル検出器を内蔵した受像器113を配置している。X線デジタル検出器の具体例については特開平8−116044号を参照されたい。撮影技師(オペレータ)が天板101下から受像器113を被験者に対して側方、すなわち水平面内の横方向(以下、これを「第1方向」、また水平面内で第1方向と直交する方向を「第2方向」と定義する)に引き出して露出した状態(図1の状態H)にすること、ならびに天板101内から側方に露出した後に回転させて鉛直状態(図1の状態V)にすることを可能とする移動機構を備えている。この移動機構は受像器113を天板101の水平に沿う方向に案内するガイドレールからなる案内機構114と、天板101の側方に露出した受像器113を水平状態から鉛直状態に回転可能とする回転軸を含む回転連結機構115とを有する。受像器113は、天板101のから引き出して水平状態Hおよび鉛直状態Vのいずれにでも設置できるので、同一の受像器113によって異なる方向から被験者を撮影できる。
【0016】
また、天板101を上下方向に昇降移動させ、床からの高さを変えることのできる昇降機構を撮影台に内蔵している。これにより、被検者が天板に登り降りする際に天板の高さを被検者の負担が少ない位置まで下げたり、ストレッチャからの移乗においては介助者の作業しやすい高さに合わせることを可能としている。また撮影時には、撮影技師が被検者のポジショニング等の作業を行いやすい高さに設定できるので、撮影技師自体の負担も軽減される。
【0017】
さてここで、受像器113を側方に引き出して鉛直に設置した状態(状態V)で被検者を側方から撮影する場合を考える。このとき被検者を載せた天板113を第1方向(図中右方向)に大きく移動させると、天板101の側面と受像器113の受像面とが干渉して衝突する可能性がある。天板113の質量は通常30〜40kg程度ありこれに70Kgの被検者を載せれば100kgを越える。そのため例え移動速度が小さくても衝突した際の衝撃は大きく、最悪、受像器113の破損や故障を生じる。一方、受像器113を水平状態(状態H)から鉛直状態(状態V)に回転させて姿勢変更する際に、受像器113の引出し方が不完全であったとすると(すなわち水平状態の受像器113の一部が天板101の下に残っている場合)、天板101の側面のエッジが受像器113の側面に干渉して衝突し、最悪、受像器113の破損や故障を引き起こす可能性がある。本実施形態の装置ではこれらの課題を解決するための工夫がこらされており、以下、詳細に説明する。
【0018】
図2は図1の装置のより詳細な構成図である。金属製のレール102は天板101を水平方向に移動させるためのもので、レール102の内側には溝が形成されている。可動フレーム103に取付けたリニアベアリング104のコロが回転することにより、天板101は被験者に対して長手の第2方向(図中、手前奥方向)に滑らかに自在に移動する。更に可動フレーム103の下部にはリニアベアリング105が設けられ、支持台110に固着された固定フレーム106に取付けられたシャフト107に沿って、可動フレーム103は被験者に対して側方の第1方向(図中左右方向)に自在に移動することができる。この水平面内で直交する2方向の移動の組み合わせによって、天板101に被検者Sを載せた状態で操作技師が手で天板101を水平面を自在に移動させることが可能となる。一方、可動フレーム103はレール102の第2方向の移動を固定するロック機構108を有し、同様に固定フレーム106は可動フレーム103の第1方向の移動を固定するロック機構109を有している。これらロック機構108、109はそれぞれ電磁石131を備え、磁気によりレール102/可動フレーム103に吸着固定してロックすることで、天板101の自在の移動を禁止することができる。ロックの有無の制御は第1制御器111により行う。通常状態では天板101が第1、第2方向のいずれにも動かないようにロックするが、必要な場合は撮影技師の意思でロック解除を行えるようになっており操作の容易性及び安全性を両立している。このロック解除操作は、図2で示すように支持台110の下部に設けたマイクロスイッチを含むフットスイッチ112を撮影技師が足で操作することで行う。
【0019】
一方、上述したように天板101に対して受像器113を水平移動と回転移動させるための案内機構114および回転連結部材115を設けている。回転連結部材115の近傍には、マイクロスイッチ又はフォトインタラプタからなる姿勢検知器116を備えている。図3は回転連結部材115周辺の斜視図であり、姿勢検知器116の配置を説明するものである。受像器113の回転の支軸となる回転連結部材115はブロック部材121に設けられ、円柱面には突起部115aが形成されている。受像器113が水平状態にある時は突起部115aがマイクロスイッチ117のレバー117aを押し、受像器113が鉛直状態になった時は突起部115aがレバー117aから離れるように、マイクロスイッチ117を配置している。これにより受像器113が水平状態にあるのか鉛直状態にあるのか、すなわち天板に対する受像器の姿勢を検知する。姿勢検知器116からの信号は前述のフットスイッチ112からの信号と共に第1制御器111に入力する。そして姿勢検知器116の検知結果に応じて、フットスイッチ112からの入力操作を制限する。具体的には第1制御器111は、姿勢検知器116が受像器113が鉛直状態にあることを検知した場合、たとえフットスイッチ112が操作されてもロック解除を行わずに天板101の移動を禁止する。逆に姿勢検知器116が受像器113が水平状態にあることを検知した場合は、フットスイッチ112の入力に従いロックを解除し、天板101の移動が行えるように制御する。
【0020】
天板101上に被検者を載せて上方より撮影する場合は、受像器113は天板101の下方で水平状態に位置させる。受像器が水平状態であることは姿勢検知器116で検知され、フットスイッチ112の操作が有効になるので、操作技師がロックを解除すれば天板101の移動が可能となる。一方、被検者を側方から撮影する場合は、受像器113を天板101の側方(第1方向)に一杯に引き出した後、受像器113を水平状態から鉛直状態に姿勢を切り替える。受像器113が鉛直状態であることは姿勢検知器116で検知されるので、第1制御器111の制御により例えフットスイッチ112が押されてもロック解除を行わない。操作技師が天板101を動かそうとしても移動できないので誤って受像器113に衝突することを防止している。なお天板101を第2方向に動かしても受像器113と干渉することは無いので、変形例として天板101の第1方向と第2方向の両方をロック制御する代わりに、第1方向のみロック制御、すなわちロック機構119のみを制御してロック機構118は制御せず、第2方向は受像器113の姿勢とは無関係に移動できるようしても良い。こうすれば受像器113が鉛直状態であっても、撮影技師が天板101を第2方向にだけは動かすことができ、この方向での撮影部位の変更や修正を行える。
【0021】
なお、鉛直状態となっている受像器113が、もし水平方向(第1方向)に動くことが出来るとすると、受像器113が天板101の側面に衝突してしまうことも考えられる。これを防ぐために受像器113の移動機構は、受像器113が鉛直状態では水平方向へ動かせないようなロック構造となっている。これは機械的なロック機構であっても、あるいはセンサと電磁手段(アクチュエータ又はソレノイド)を用いた電磁的なロック機構であってもよい。
【0022】
一方、上述したように、受像器113を水平状態から鉛直状態に回転させて受像器113の姿勢を変更する際に受像器113が天板101の側面に衝突する可能性があるが、本実施形態の装置はこれを未然に防止する機構も有している。図2において、位置検知器118は可動フレーム103の位置を検知する。可動フレーム103と天板101との位置関係は、天板101の移動により第2方向には変化するが第1方向においては変化しないので、結果的に位置検知器118は天板101の第1方向の位置を検知することになる。位置検知器118はマイクロスイッチ119を有し、マイクロスイッチ119から伸びたレバー119aが可動フレーム103の移動を検知する。天板101が鉛直状態の受像器113と干渉しない位置関係にある場合には、可動フレーム103の底面でレバー119aが押されONとなる。一方、天板101が鉛直の受像器113と干渉するような位置関係では、レバー119aが可動フレーム103の底面から外れてスイッチがOFFとなる。こうして位置検知器118は受像器113が鉛直である際の天板101の第1方向への移動の許容範囲を検知する。
【0023】
また、受像器113を回転させて姿勢変更するための回転連結部材115近傍には回転ロック機構120を設けている。これは水平状態から鉛直状態に受像器113の姿勢を切り替える時にこの回転を規制するものであり、図4に示すような構造を持つ。同図において、受像器113に取付けられたブロック部材121は、回転連結部材115を固定するための穴121aを有する。これに対向して、案内機構114にはソレノイド122を配置し、受像器113が水平状態にある時にブロック部材121の穴121aとソレノイド122の直動軸122aが一致する。ソレノイド122は第2制御器123により駆動し、直動軸122aを穴121aに挿入することでブロック部材121の回転をロックし、受像器113の水平状態から鉛直状態への姿勢変更をできなくする。
【0024】
第2制御器123には前記の位置検知器118からの信号も入力しており、位置検知器118の検知に基づいて回転ロック機構120を制御する。位置検知器118がONである時、すなわち図2のように天板101と受像器113とが干渉しない位置に天板101がある場合、回転のロックが解除され、撮影技師は必要に応じて受像器113の姿勢変換を行うことができる。逆に位置検知器118がOFFを検知している時、すなわち天板101と受像器113とが干渉する位置に天板101がある場合は、ソレノイドの駆動によって回転がロックされ、受像器113の姿勢変換は行えず、天板101の側面(レール102)との干渉は起こらない。受像器113を鉛直状態にする際は、天板101を干渉しない位置まで動かして離すことで、ソレノイド122が駆動して姿勢変更が可能となる。
【0025】
なお上記例では、受像器113が鉛直状態にある場合、天板101の少なくとも第1方向への移動を完全にロックするようにしているが、さらに位置検知器118の信号を利用して、天板101を受像器113との干渉が生じる範囲へは入れないようにして、それ以外の範囲では天板101が第1方向、第2方向ともに移動できるようにしてもよい。具体的には位置検知器118の検知がOFFとなったらロック機構109を作動させるロジックで実現される。これにより受像器113が鉛直状態でも天板101の移動可能な範囲が広がり、被検者のポジショニングがより容易となる。
【0026】
図5は上記例の変形例を示す。上記例では天板に対して受像器の姿勢が水平でない場合に天板の側方方向への移動を制限している、あるいは天板の位置に応じてソレノイドを駆動して受像器の回転を規制して姿勢変更を制限している、これに対して図5の例では、天板の移動や受像器の回転を規制する代わりに、緩衝部材を含む保護手段を設けることで天板101の側面のエッジが直接受像器113の受像面に衝突することを防ぐようにしたものである。
【0027】
具体的な機構を以下説明する。図5に示すように、ブロック部材121に小さな緩衝部材132を固設して、その頭部は受像器131の外枠および受像面よりも突出している。緩衝部材は132は例えば少なくとも頭部をゴムなどの柔軟性を有する材料としたり、ばねを用いたショックアブソーバーによって衝撃を吸収するものである。別の形態としては上記姿勢検知器141の信号をもとにアクチュエータで緩衝部材を突出させるような機構としてもよい。この緩衝部材132は、受像器113の姿勢を鉛直状態に変更した際に、該緩衝部材の頭部が天板101と同じ高さになる位置に設けている。これにより仮に天板101が側方に寄せられら状態で、操作技師が誤って受像器131を水平から鉛直に切り替えても、緩衝部材132の頭部が天板101の側面に当たって衝撃を吸収し、その勢いで天板101を干渉が無い範囲まで押し戻される。一方、受像器113が鉛直状態にあるときに操作技師が誤って天板101を側方に移動させたとしても緩衝材を介しての間接的な衝突となる。このため受像器113への直接の衝撃はなく受像面の損傷や故障を避けることができる。なお緩衝部材132は受像器113側に設けずに天板101側に設けてもよい。すなわち天板101の側面で受像器113の受像面と干渉しない位置に緩衝部材を設けてもよく、要は受像器113の受像面と天板101の側面との直接の衝突が避けられる位置に干渉部材を設ければよい。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、移動可能な天板とそれに対する位置や姿勢を可変にし得る受像器とを備えた放射線撮影装置において、天板と受像器との干渉による損傷や故障などの不具合を未然に防ぐことができ、信頼性ならびに安全性の高い装置を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】放射線撮影装置の実施例の全体概要図
【図2】図1の装置の詳細構成図
【図3】図1の装置の部分構成図
【図4】図1の装置の部分構成図
【図5】変形例の部分構成図
【図6】従来例の構成図
【図7】従来例の構成図
【符号の説明】
100 天板
102 レール
103 可動フレーム
104 第1リニアベアリング
105 第2リニアベアリング
106 固定フレーム
108、109 ロック機構
110 支持台
111 第1制御器
112 フットスイッチ
113 受像器
114 案内機構
115 回転連結部材
116 姿勢検知器
118 位置検知器
120 回転ロック機構
121 ブロック部材
122 ソレノイド
123 第2制御器
130 移動機構
131 電磁石
132 緩衝部材
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for capturing a radiographic image by projecting radiation such as X-rays onto a subject.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The radiographic apparatus is used in the medical field such as medical diagnosis of a subject, and in the inspection field such as non-destructive inspection of a substance, and there are several types of receivers that receive a radiographic image.
[0003]
The first method is a radiographic method in which an intensifying screen and a radiographic film are used in close contact. This is because when the radiation that has passed through the subject enters the intensifying screen, the phosphor contained in the intensifying screen absorbs the energy of the radiation and generates fluorescence. Is recorded as a visible image.
[0004]
The second method is known as an image recording / reproducing apparatus including a radiation detector made of a stimulable phosphor. When radiation passes through the subject and enters the stimulable phosphor, the stimulable phosphor stores a portion of the radiation energy. When the stimulable phosphor is irradiated with visible light, the stimulable phosphor exhibits stimulated emission corresponding to the accumulated energy. That is, the stimulable phosphor accumulates radiographic image information of the subject, the scanning means scans the stimulable phosphor with excitation light such as laser light, and the signal reading means photoelectrically reads the photostimulated luminescence light. A recording material such as CRT or a display means such as a CRT records or displays it as a visible image.
[0005]
As a third method, a radiation detector that detects radiation in real time and directly outputs the radiation is known. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-116044 describes the principle. Digital detectors have become possible due to advances in semiconductor process technology. A scintillator and a solid-state photodetector are stacked, the scintillator converts radiation into visible light, and the solid-state detector photoelectrically converts visible light. The solid-state photodetector has a configuration in which a solid-state photodetector composed of a transparent conductive film and a conductive film is sandwiched between amorphous semiconductor films on a substrate made of quartz glass. Since the radiation detector has a flat panel shape with a thickness of several millimeters, it is easy to reduce the thickness and weight.
[0006]
FIG. 6 shows an example of a specific apparatus configuration. It is the figure which looked at the Bucky imaging stand used when the subject's S limbs, a head, an abdominal part, etc. are imaged simply from the longitudinal direction (subject's overhead direction). In this imaging table, the subject S lying on the top board 1 is exposed to X-rays from the tube T positioned above, and the X-rays transmitted through the subject S are received by the receiver 2. A radiographic image is obtained.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the medical field, there is a demand for obtaining images of a subject from various directions with a simple operation, and there is an apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, in order to photograph the side surface of the subject S on the top plate 1, instead of using the receiver 2 below the top plate 1, a cassette 3 containing a film or a storage phosphor sheet is taken. It is placed on the side of the examiner S, X-rays are exposed from the side by the tube T ′, and the X-rays transmitted through the subject S are received by the film of the cassette 3.
[0008]
However, if possible, photographing using the same receiver is desired no matter what direction the photographing is performed. At that time, safety and operability should not be impaired.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to meet the above-mentioned demand, and a radiation imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a top plate that can move a subject on a horizontal direction, a receiver that receives the radiation image of the subject, A moving mechanism that varies a horizontal position of the receiver with respect to the top plate and a posture of the receiver with respect to the top plate; and a position of the top plate when the posture of the receiver is not horizontal with respect to the top plate. It has a restricting means for restricting movement in a predetermined direction.
[0010]
A radiation imaging apparatus according to another aspect of the present invention includes a top plate that can move a subject in a horizontal direction, a receiver that receives a radiation image of the subject, and a horizontal position of the receiver with respect to the top plate, And a moving mechanism that makes the posture of the receiver relative to the top plate variable, and a limiting unit that restricts a change in the posture of the receiver according to the position of the top plate.
[0011]
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radiographic apparatus, a top plate on which a subject can be placed and moved in a horizontal direction, a receiver that receives a radiographic image of the subject, and a horizontal position of the receiver with respect to the top plate And a moving mechanism that makes the posture of the receiver relative to the top plate, and when the top plate is moved in a certain direction of the receiver when the posture of the receiver is not horizontal with respect to the top plate. Or a buffer located between the top plate and the receiver to avoid a direct collision between the top plate and the receiver when the orientation of the receiver is changed from horizontal when the top plate is located within a predetermined range. It has the member.
[0012]
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radiographic apparatus, a top plate on which a subject can be placed and moved in a horizontal direction, a receiver that receives a radiographic image of the subject, and a horizontal position of the receiver with respect to the top plate And a moving mechanism that makes the posture of the receiver relative to the top plate, and a posture of the receiver that is not horizontal with respect to the top plate and the top plate is within a predetermined range. It has a restricting means for restricting movement in a predetermined direction.
[0013]
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radiographic apparatus, a top plate on which a subject can be placed and moved in a horizontal direction, a receiver for receiving a radiographic image of the subject, and a horizontal position of the receiver with respect to the top plate And a moving mechanism that makes the posture of the receiver relative to the top plate variable, and the moving mechanism moves the receiver in the horizontal direction when the posture of the receiver is not horizontal with respect to the top plate. It is characterized by having a mechanism that disables it.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, an example in which a digital radiation detector is used as an example of a receiver for receiving a radiation image is shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a cassette including a radiographic film or a storage phosphor sheet is used. It can also be replaced with a receiver that uses.
[0015]
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the radiation imaging apparatus. An X-ray tube, which is an X-ray generator, can be selectively installed at any position of T and T ′, and projects X-rays toward the subject S from above or from the side. A top plate 101 of an imaging table such as a table or bed is used to place a subject S to be photographed, and the material thereof is an acrylic plate, a carbon plate, or wood. The top plate 101 is supported on a support table 110 so as to be movable in a horizontal plane. A receiver 113 having an X-ray digital detector built therein is disposed on the upper surface of the support 110 below the top plate 101. For a specific example of the X-ray digital detector, refer to JP-A-8-116044. A radiographer (operator) places the receiver 113 from the side of the top 101 to the side, that is, in the horizontal direction in the horizontal plane (hereinafter referred to as “first direction”, and in the horizontal plane in the direction perpendicular to the first direction). Is defined as “second direction”) to be exposed (state H in FIG. 1), and exposed to the side from the top 101 and rotated to be in a vertical state (state V in FIG. 1). ) Is provided. This moving mechanism is such that a guide mechanism 114 comprising a guide rail that guides the image receiver 113 in the direction along the horizontal direction of the top plate 101, and the image receiver 113 exposed to the side of the top plate 101 can be rotated from a horizontal state to a vertical state. And a rotary coupling mechanism 115 including a rotating shaft. Since the image receiver 113 can be pulled out of the top board 101 and installed in both the horizontal state H and the vertical state V, the subject can be photographed from different directions by the same image receiver 113.
[0016]
In addition, a lifting mechanism that can move the top plate 101 up and down in the vertical direction and change the height from the floor is built in the photographing stand. As a result, when the subject climbs up and down the top plate, the height of the top plate is lowered to a position where the burden on the subject is low, or it is adjusted to a height at which the assistant can work easily when transferring from the stretcher. Is possible. In addition, at the time of photographing, the photographing engineer can be set to a height at which it is easy for the subject to perform operations such as positioning of the subject, so that the burden on the photographing engineer itself is reduced.
[0017]
Now, consider a case where the subject is photographed from the side in a state where the image receiver 113 is pulled out to the side and installed vertically (state V). At this time, if the top plate 113 on which the subject is placed is moved greatly in the first direction (right direction in the figure), the side surface of the top plate 101 and the image receiving surface of the image receiver 113 may interfere and collide with each other. . The mass of the top plate 113 is usually about 30 to 40 kg, and if a 70 kg subject is placed on this, it exceeds 100 kg. For this reason, even if the moving speed is low, the impact at the time of collision is large, and in the worst case, the receiver 113 is damaged or broken. On the other hand, when the attitude of the receiver 113 is changed from the horizontal state (state H) to the vertical state (state V), the drawing method of the receiver 113 is assumed to be incomplete (that is, the receiver 113 in the horizontal state). The edge of the side surface of the top plate 101 interferes with the side surface of the receiver 113 and collides with it, which may cause damage or failure of the receiver 113 in the worst case. is there. The device of this embodiment has been devised to solve these problems, and will be described in detail below.
[0018]
FIG. 2 is a more detailed block diagram of the apparatus of FIG. The metal rail 102 is for moving the top plate 101 in the horizontal direction, and a groove is formed inside the rail 102. As the roller of the linear bearing 104 attached to the movable frame 103 rotates, the top plate 101 moves smoothly and freely in the second longitudinal direction (the front and back direction in the figure) with respect to the subject. Further, a linear bearing 105 is provided at the lower part of the movable frame 103, and the movable frame 103 is set in the first direction (side to the subject) along the shaft 107 attached to the fixed frame 106 fixed to the support 110. It can move freely in the horizontal direction in the figure. By the combination of the movements in two directions orthogonal to each other in the horizontal plane, the operator can freely move the top panel 101 on the horizontal plane by hand while the subject S is placed on the top panel 101. On the other hand, the movable frame 103 has a lock mechanism 108 that fixes the movement of the rail 102 in the second direction. Similarly, the fixed frame 106 has a lock mechanism 109 that fixes the movement of the movable frame 103 in the first direction. . Each of the lock mechanisms 108 and 109 includes an electromagnet 131, and the top plate 101 can be inhibited from freely moving by being magnetically attracted and fixed to the rail 102 / movable frame 103. The first controller 111 controls the presence / absence of the lock. Under normal conditions, the top plate 101 is locked so that it does not move in either the first or second direction. However, if necessary, the lock can be released by the photographer's intention, making it easy and safe to operate. Are compatible. This unlocking operation is performed by the photographer operating a foot switch 112 including a micro switch provided at the lower portion of the support base 110 with his / her foot as shown in FIG.
[0019]
On the other hand, as described above, the guide mechanism 114 and the rotation connecting member 115 for horizontally moving and rotating the image receiver 113 with respect to the top plate 101 are provided. In the vicinity of the rotary connecting member 115, an attitude detector 116 composed of a micro switch or a photo interrupter is provided. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the periphery of the rotary connecting member 115 and explains the arrangement of the attitude detector 116. A rotation connecting member 115 serving as a rotation support shaft of the image receiver 113 is provided on the block member 121, and a projection 115a is formed on the cylindrical surface. When the receiver 113 is in a horizontal state, the projection 115a pushes the lever 117a of the micro switch 117, and when the receiver 113 is in a vertical state, the micro switch 117 is arranged so that the projection 115a is separated from the lever 117a. is doing. Thereby, it is detected whether the image receiver 113 is in a horizontal state or a vertical state, that is, the posture of the image receiver with respect to the top plate. The signal from the attitude detector 116 is input to the first controller 111 together with the signal from the foot switch 112 described above. The input operation from the foot switch 112 is restricted according to the detection result of the posture detector 116. Specifically, when the attitude detector 116 detects that the image receiver 113 is in the vertical state, the first controller 111 moves the top plate 101 without releasing the lock even if the foot switch 112 is operated. Is prohibited. Conversely, when the posture detector 116 detects that the image receiver 113 is in a horizontal state, the lock is released in accordance with the input of the foot switch 112 and control is performed so that the top plate 101 can be moved.
[0020]
When the subject is placed on the top plate 101 and photographed from above, the image receiver 113 is positioned below the top plate 101 in a horizontal state. Since the attitude detector 116 detects that the receiver is in a horizontal state and the operation of the foot switch 112 is enabled, the top 101 can be moved if the operator releases the lock. On the other hand, when the subject is photographed from the side, after the image receiver 113 is fully pulled out to the side (first direction) of the top 101, the posture of the image receiver 113 is switched from the horizontal state to the vertical state. Since the attitude detector 116 detects that the image receiver 113 is in the vertical state, the lock is not released even if the foot switch 112 is pressed under the control of the first controller 111. Even if the operating engineer tries to move the top plate 101, the operator cannot move, so that the operator 113 is prevented from accidentally colliding with the receiver 113. Note that even if the top plate 101 is moved in the second direction, it does not interfere with the image receiver 113. As a modified example, instead of controlling both the first direction and the second direction of the top plate 101, only the first direction is used. The lock control, that is, only the lock mechanism 119 may be controlled, and the lock mechanism 118 may not be controlled, and the second direction may be moved regardless of the attitude of the receiver 113. In this way, even if the receiver 113 is in a vertical state, the imaging technician can move the top board 101 only in the second direction, and the imaging region can be changed or corrected in this direction.
[0021]
If the image receiver 113 in the vertical state can move in the horizontal direction (first direction), the image receiver 113 may collide with the side surface of the top plate 101. In order to prevent this, the moving mechanism of the receiver 113 has a lock structure that prevents the receiver 113 from moving in the horizontal direction in the vertical state. This may be a mechanical locking mechanism or an electromagnetic locking mechanism using a sensor and electromagnetic means (actuator or solenoid).
[0022]
On the other hand, as described above, when the receiver 113 is rotated from the horizontal state to the vertical state to change the posture of the receiver 113, the receiver 113 may collide with the side surface of the top plate 101. The device of the form also has a mechanism to prevent this in advance. In FIG. 2, the position detector 118 detects the position of the movable frame 103. The positional relationship between the movable frame 103 and the top plate 101 changes in the second direction due to the movement of the top plate 101 but does not change in the first direction. The position of the direction will be detected. The position detector 118 has a micro switch 119, and a lever 119 a extending from the micro switch 119 detects the movement of the movable frame 103. When the top plate 101 is in a positional relationship that does not interfere with the vertical image receiver 113, the lever 119a is pushed on the bottom surface of the movable frame 103 to be turned on. On the other hand, in a positional relationship where the top plate 101 interferes with the vertical receiver 113, the lever 119a is disengaged from the bottom surface of the movable frame 103 and the switch is turned off. Thus, the position detector 118 detects the allowable range of movement of the top plate 101 in the first direction when the image receiver 113 is vertical.
[0023]
A rotation lock mechanism 120 is provided in the vicinity of the rotation connecting member 115 for changing the posture by rotating the image receiver 113. This restricts the rotation when the attitude of the image receiver 113 is switched from the horizontal state to the vertical state, and has a structure as shown in FIG. In the figure, a block member 121 attached to the image receiver 113 has a hole 121a for fixing the rotary connecting member 115. Opposite to this, a solenoid 122 is arranged in the guide mechanism 114, and when the image receiver 113 is in a horizontal state, the hole 121a of the block member 121 and the linear movement shaft 122a of the solenoid 122 coincide. The solenoid 122 is driven by the second controller 123, and the rotation of the block member 121 is locked by inserting the linear movement shaft 122a into the hole 121a, so that the attitude of the image receiver 113 cannot be changed from the horizontal state to the vertical state. .
[0024]
A signal from the position detector 118 is also input to the second controller 123, and the rotation lock mechanism 120 is controlled based on the detection of the position detector 118. When the position detector 118 is ON, that is, when the top plate 101 is at a position where the top plate 101 and the receiver 113 do not interfere as shown in FIG. 2, the rotation lock is released, and the photographing engineer can The attitude of the receiver 113 can be changed. Conversely, when the position detector 118 detects OFF, that is, when the top plate 101 is at a position where the top plate 101 and the image receiver 113 interfere with each other, the rotation of the image sensor 113 is locked by driving the solenoid. The posture cannot be changed, and interference with the side surface (rail 102) of the top plate 101 does not occur. When the receiver 113 is placed in the vertical state, the solenoid 122 is driven to change the posture by moving the top plate 101 to a position where it does not interfere with the top plate 101 and releasing it.
[0025]
In the above example, when the receiver 113 is in the vertical state, the movement of the top 101 in at least the first direction is completely locked. However, the signal from the position detector 118 is further used to The plate 101 may not be placed in a range where interference with the image receiver 113 occurs, and the top plate 101 may move in both the first direction and the second direction in other ranges. Specifically, this is realized by a logic that activates the lock mechanism 109 when the detection of the position detector 118 is turned off. As a result, the movable range of the top plate 101 is widened even when the image receiver 113 is in a vertical state, and positioning of the subject becomes easier.
[0026]
FIG. 5 shows a modification of the above example. In the above example, when the orientation of the receiver is not horizontal with respect to the top plate, the movement of the top plate in the lateral direction is restricted, or the solenoid is driven according to the position of the top plate to rotate the receiver. In contrast to this, in the example of FIG. 5, instead of restricting the movement of the top plate and the rotation of the receiver, by providing a protection means including a buffer member, the top plate 101 is restricted. The side edges are prevented from directly colliding with the image receiving surface of the receiver 113.
[0027]
A specific mechanism will be described below. As shown in FIG. 5, a small buffer member 132 is fixed to the block member 121, and its head protrudes beyond the outer frame and the image receiving surface of the image receiver 131. The buffer member 132 is made of, for example, a material having at least a head having flexibility such as rubber, or absorbs an impact by a shock absorber using a spring. As another form, it is good also as a mechanism which makes a buffer member protrude with an actuator based on the signal of the said attitude | position detector 141. FIG. The buffer member 132 is provided at a position where the head of the buffer member is at the same height as the top plate 101 when the attitude of the receiver 113 is changed to the vertical state. Thus, even if the operating engineer mistakenly switches the receiver 131 from horizontal to vertical while the top plate 101 is moved sideways, the head of the buffer member 132 hits the side surface of the top plate 101 to absorb the shock. The top plate 101 is pushed back to the range where there is no interference. On the other hand, even if the operating engineer mistakenly moves the top plate 101 to the side when the image receiver 113 is in the vertical state, an indirect collision through the cushioning material occurs. For this reason, there is no direct impact on the image receiver 113, and damage or failure of the image receiving surface can be avoided. The buffer member 132 may be provided on the top plate 101 side without being provided on the receiver 113 side. That is, a buffer member may be provided at a position on the side surface of the top plate 101 that does not interfere with the image receiving surface of the image receiving device 113. In short, the position is such that a direct collision between the image receiving surface of the image receiving device 113 and the side surface of the top plate 101 is avoided. An interference member may be provided.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in a radiation imaging apparatus including a movable top plate and a receiver that can change the position and orientation of the movable top plate, problems such as damage and failure due to interference between the top plate and the receiver are obviated. Therefore, it is possible to provide a highly reliable and safe device.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of an embodiment of a radiation imaging apparatus. FIG. 2 is a detailed configuration diagram of the apparatus in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a partial configuration diagram of the apparatus in FIG. FIG. 5 is a partial configuration diagram of a modified example. FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a conventional example. FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a conventional example.
100 Top plate 102 Rail 103 Movable frame 104 First linear bearing 105 Second linear bearing 106 Fixed frame 108, 109 Lock mechanism 110 Support base 111 First controller 112 Foot switch 113 Image receiver 114 Guide mechanism 115 Rotating connecting member 116 Attitude detection 118 Position detector 120 Rotation lock mechanism 121 Block member 122 Solenoid 123 Second controller 130 Moving mechanism 131 Electromagnet 132 Buffer member

Claims (3)

水平方向に移動可能であって、被検者を載せるための天板と、
前記天板に対する姿勢が可変であって、前記被検者の放射線画像を受像する受像器と、
前記受像器を前記被検者に対して側方方向に水平移動可能にすると共に、前記受像器の姿勢を水平と鉛直のいずれかにすることを可能にする移動機構と、
前記受像器の姿勢を検知する検知器と、
前記天板に対して前記受像器の姿勢が水平でない場合に、前記検知器の検知に基づいて前記天板の移動を制限する制限手段と、
を有することを特徴とする放射線撮影装置。
A horizontal plate that can be moved horizontally, and a top plate for placing the subject;
A receiver that is variable in posture with respect to the top plate and receives a radiographic image of the subject;
A moving mechanism that enables the receiver to move horizontally in the lateral direction with respect to the subject, and allows the posture of the receiver to be either horizontal or vertical;
A detector for detecting the attitude of the receiver;
Limiting means for limiting the movement of the top plate based on the detection of the detector when the orientation of the receiver is not horizontal with respect to the top plate;
A radiation imaging apparatus comprising:
前記制限手段は、前記被検者に対して側方方向の前記天板の移動を制限することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の放射線撮像装置。  The radiation imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the limiting unit limits movement of the top plate in a lateral direction with respect to the subject. 前記制限手段は、天板の位置に応じて前記受像器の姿勢変更を制限することを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の放射線撮影装置。Said limiting means, the radiation imaging apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises that you limit the posture change of the receiver according to the position of the top plate.
JP2000051095A 2000-02-01 2000-02-28 Radiography equipment Expired - Fee Related JP4612756B2 (en)

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US09/770,667 US6928145B2 (en) 2000-02-01 2001-01-29 Radiographic apparatus

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JP2001238880A JP2001238880A (en) 2001-09-04
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US5764724A (en) * 1994-07-28 1998-06-09 Ao Medical Products Ab Method of making X-ray photographs or exposures or other type of radiation sensoring, such as electronic image storage, and a patient table having a receptor unit for such photography, exposure or image storage

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JPH0620486Y2 (en) * 1988-02-19 1994-06-01 株式会社島津製作所 X-ray fluoroscope

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US5764724A (en) * 1994-07-28 1998-06-09 Ao Medical Products Ab Method of making X-ray photographs or exposures or other type of radiation sensoring, such as electronic image storage, and a patient table having a receptor unit for such photography, exposure or image storage

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