JP4607494B2 - Vertical shaft water turbine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vertical axis valve turbine installed in a vertical direction in a water channel.

  FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a vertical valve-type hydroelectric power generation facility applied to a relatively low head. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a vertical flow channel formed by the foundation structure 100. A bulb-shaped bulb 2 is disposed therein, and a generator 5 having a generator stator 3 and a rotor 4 as main constituent members is built in the bulb 2. A main shaft 6 is coupled to the rotor 4, and a runner 7 is attached to the tip of the main shaft 6. A plurality of guide vanes 8 for adjusting the flow rate are arranged in the circumferential direction upstream of the runner 7, and the opening degree is adjusted in conjunction with a guide vane operating mechanism 9 outside the flow channel 1. is there. The runner 7 is provided with a plurality of runner vanes 7a, and the runner vanes 7a are driven through a runner vane operating rod 10 that extends through the main shaft 6 to the top of the rotor 4 of the generator. The device 11 is opened and closed. Further, a support member called a stay vane 12 for supporting the valve 2 is provided radially upstream from the main body of the valve 2 toward the inner wall surface of the water channel. Further, inspection ports 13 for inspecting the inside of the generator are respectively provided at the upper part and the lower part of the valve 2, and this is also one of important structures that support the valve. Further, a plurality of anti-vibration stages 14 are arranged at the upper part of the valve 2 in order to suppress vibrations of the stationary part during operation.

  The direction of water flow during operation of the water turbine is indicated by an arrow in the figure. The water introduced into the flow channel structure arranged near the bottom of the dam flows downward so as to surround the central valve 2. The air is rectified by the guide vanes 8 and guided to the runner 7. The runner 7 is composed of a plurality of runner vanes 7a and runner bosses 7b that hold the runner vanes 7a. In order to respond to the required load, the runner vane 7a mounting angle is set in conjunction with the opening degree of the guide vane 8 and Even so, high-efficiency water turbine operation is possible. The water that has worked in the runner 7 flows out to the suction pipe 15 located downstream thereof, and is guided to a lower pond (not shown).

The support portion of the vertical valve turbine configured as described above is a stay vane 12 fastened to the inner wall surface of the water flow channel and a seat fastened to the foundation structure, and a cross section of the contact surface between the outer peripheral surface of the valve 2 and the stay vane 12. Is generally tapered, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 10-30543 and 2002-250268 propose the structure thereof.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-30543 JP 2002-250268 A

  However, when the stay vane 12 has a horizontal structure, the weight of the whole vertical shaft turbine is applied to the stay vane 12, and a large bending moment acts. Therefore, in order to prevent deformation and suppress the generated stress, it is necessary to increase rigidity. Since it is necessary to secure a space through which a person can pass, the stay vane 12 has a large and thick plate structure, and the weight must be increased. Moreover, since the shielding area with respect to a flowing water channel becomes large, these also become a bad effect which a hydraulic loss increases and a power generation effect falls.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to obtain an upright valve water turbine that can reduce the load sharing to a stay vane and can be small and measure.

In the invention according to claim 1 , the valve turbine is installed in the vertical direction in the flow channel, and the valve turbine is supported by a plurality of stay vanes connecting the outer peripheral portion of the valve of the valve turbine and the inner wall surface of the flow channel. In the constructed vertical shaft valve turbine, the stay vanes are inclined downward toward the inner wall surface of the flow channel, and each stay vane is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the valve and the inner wall surface of the flow channel by a fastening member. Features.
Thus, the above-described configuration reduces the bending moment acting on the stay vane by distributing the load of the vertical axis turbine due to the inclined angle of the stay vane, and also prevents the vertical axis turbine from being deformed because the stay vane stretches in the inclined direction.
Further, since the stay vane, the valve, and the inner surface of the flowing water channel are fixed by a fastening member such as a bolt, it can be easily attached and detached during disassembly and assembly.

In the invention according to claim 2 , the valve turbine is installed in the vertical direction in the flow channel, and the valve turbine is supported by a plurality of stay vanes connecting the outer peripheral portion of the valve of the valve turbine and the inner wall surface of the flow channel. In the vertical shaft valve turbine configured as described above, the stay vane is inclined downward toward the inner wall surface of the flow channel, and the outer peripheral surface of the valve to which the stay vane is connected has an outer diameter in the downstream direction at the outer peripheral portion of the valve. An inclined surface portion that is small is formed, and spherical surfaces that are in spherical contact with each other are provided on the surface of the inclined surface portion and the valve outer peripheral surface of each stay vane.

  In this case, in the installation at the time of construction, first, the stay vane is fastened and fixed to the base metal on the inner wall surface of the flow channel, and then the valve and the stay vane are fixed. Even if the valve is finely adjusted back and forth and left and right so as to be horizontal, it is possible to maintain the state in which the valves are in close contact with each other. Therefore, even after adjusting the misalignment of the valve, it is possible to ensure a reliable adhesion when fastening with a bolt or the like.

The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 2 , wherein the connection portion between the stay vane and the valve outer peripheral surface is formed by a ring having a spherical shape with a convex vertical cross section, and the stay vane side is the inner surface. Each of the stay vanes is integrally fixed to a ring having a spherical shape having a concave vertical section. Thus, since each stay vane is integrally fixed to the ring whose inner surface has a concave spherical shape, the load by the valve can be dispersed efficiently and can act as a strength member.

The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the vertical length of the ring-shaped spherical portion on the valve side is longer than the vertical length of the spherical seat on the stay vane side or the ring on the stay vane side. It is formed. Even if the position is changed in adjusting the misalignment of the valve, the spherical ring part on the valve side will be outside the upper and lower ends of the ring part on the stay vane side. Is possible. Therefore, a reliable adhesion can be ensured.

The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to any one of claims 2 to 4 , wherein the center of the spherical surface formed at the connecting portion between the stay vane and the valve outer peripheral portion is located on the rotation center of the valve turbine. It is characterized by that. Therefore, the spherical contact portion is not displaced due to the movement of the valve turbine during the misalignment adjustment, and the fixing and positioning after the adjustment can be reliably performed.

The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the stay vane has a hollow structure, and the hollow structure of at least one of the stay vanes allows a person to enter and exit the valve from the outside. It has a space and is configured to serve as a communication passage. Thus, by making the stay vane into a hollow structure, the fastening member of the connecting portion between the stay vane and the base hardware can be attached and detached in a hollow space without coming out of the water surface, so that the work is easy and safe. .

The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the valve is configured by an upper valve incorporating a generator and a lower valve to which a stay vane is attached. The valve is detachably connected.

  Therefore, when disassembling / assembling in an overhaul or the like, it is possible to adjust misalignment with a single connection portion with the stay vane, and it is not necessary to adjust misalignment in the entire valve turbine. Therefore, workability is improved and the misalignment can be adjusted with high accuracy. In addition, since the connecting portion to be separated is provided with a support portion for a thrust bearing that supports the rotating body, it is possible to reliably adjust the misalignment of the entire valve turbine only by adjusting the misalignment at this portion. .

  According to the present invention, by making the stay vane structure of the vertical valve water turbine an inclined type, it is possible to efficiently disperse the entire load applied to the entire valve to the foundation structure. As a result, the load sharing ratio of the stay vanes can also be reduced, so that the size and weight can be reduced. In addition, it can greatly contribute to the reduction of hydraulic loss in the stay vane section.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an assembly cross-sectional view of an upright valve water turbine showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

  Reference numeral 1 in the figure denotes a vertical flow channel formed by the foundation structure 100, and a bulb-shaped valve 2 is disposed in the flow channel 1, and a generator stator is provided in the valve 2. 3. A generator 5 whose main constituent member is the rotor 4 is incorporated. A main shaft 6 is coupled to the rotor 4, and a runner 7 is attached to the tip of the main shaft 6. A plurality of guide vanes 8 for adjusting the flow rate are arranged in the circumferential direction upstream of the runner 7, and the opening degree is adjusted in conjunction with a guide vane operating mechanism 9 outside the flow channel 1. is there. The runner 7 is provided with a plurality of runner vanes 7a, and the runner vanes 7a are driven through a runner vane operating rod 10 that extends through the main shaft 6 to the top of the rotor 4 of the generator. The device 11 is opened and closed. Further, a support member called a stay vane 12 for supporting the valve 2 is installed on the upstream side thereof so as to be inclined downward from the main body of the valve 2 toward the inner wall surface 1a of the flow channel. Further, inspection ports 13 for inspecting the inside of the generator are respectively provided at the upper part and the lower part of the valve 2, and this is also one of important structures that support the valve. Further, a plurality of anti-vibration stages 14 are arranged at the upper part of the valve 2 in order to suppress vibrations of the stationary part during operation. Further, around the main shaft 6, a guide bearing 16 is disposed on the water wheel side, and a guide bearing 17 and a thrust bearing 18 are disposed on the generator side.

  The direction of water flow during operation of the water turbine is indicated by an arrow in the figure. The water introduced into the flow channel structure arranged near the bottom of the dam flows downward so as to surround the central valve 2. The air is rectified by the guide vanes 8 and guided to the runner 7. The runner 7 is composed of a plurality of runner vanes 7a and runner bosses 7b that hold the runner vanes 7a. In order to respond to the required load, the runner vane 7a mounting angle is set in conjunction with the opening degree of the guide vane 8 and Even so, high-efficiency water turbine operation is possible. The water that has worked in the runner 7 flows out to the suction pipe 15 located downstream thereof, and is guided to a lower pond (not shown).

  FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the joint between the outer peripheral surface of the valve 2 and the stay vane 12. The valve 2 can be divided by an upper valve 2a in which the generator 5 is built and a lower valve 2b to which the stay vane 12 is attached. It is configured. That is, the lower valve upper flange 16 is provided at a position where the flow channel shape of the upper position of the lower valve 2b where the stay vane 12 is attached, and the upper valve 2a is connected to the lower valve upper flange 16 so that the entire valve is The flange surface can be divided.

  The outer peripheral shape of the lower valve 2b to which the stay vane 12 is fixed is formed with a tapered inclined surface portion 2b1 so that the outer diameter becomes smaller in the downstream direction. Further, a base metal object 21 is embedded in the inner wall surface 1a of the flowing water channel 1, and is inclined downward from the valve side toward the inner wall surface 1a of the water channel between the inclined surface portion 2b1 and the basic metal object 21. A plurality of stay vanes 12 are provided.

  The shape of the plurality of stay vanes 12 is a structure that supports the entire valve turbine, so that the stay vanes 12 themselves are also large structures. For this reason, it is possible to make the area | region in which strength is possible hollow. Therefore, the hollow space of at least one stay vane 12 among the plurality of stay vanes 12 also serves as an inspection path through which an operator can pass. In addition, in the upstream and downstream direction of the stay vane 15, a member for reducing the resistance of running water is detachably attached so that the entire cross section has a teardrop shape.

  The stay vane is the total load that is applied to the entire valve turbine, that is, the total weight of the valve, the total weight of the valve, the vertical force generated when the turbine is operated, the radial force perpendicular to the vertical direction, the buoyancy caused by being in the water, etc. Designed to fully respond to In view of this, in the inclined type stay vane, the load sharing corresponding to the inclination angle of the stay vane can be achieved with respect to the horizontal support type stay vane, so that the load that the stay vane bears can be reduced.

  Thereby, the thickness of the members of the stay vane itself can be reduced as compared with the horizontal support method, and there is an advantage that the structure of the entire support structure including the stay vane can be simplified and downsized. In addition, by reducing the thickness and size of the stay vanes, it is possible to reduce hydraulic power loss that occurs in the stay vanes.

  FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another embodiment, and the outer peripheral portion of the lower valve 2b to which the stay vane 12 inclined downward toward the flow channel inner wall surface 1a is fixed is a vertical cross-sectional convex shape. The stay vanes 12 are formed in a ring shape having a hollow structure as shown by a chain line as described above, and one end of each stay vane 12 has the above-described tear vane shape. A spherical seat 22 having a concave cross section that engages with the spherical portion 20 on the valve 2 side is provided, and a mounting plate 23 that is fastened to the base hardware 21 is provided at the other end. The spherical seat 22 of each stay vane 12 is provided. The spherical plate 20 formed on the outer periphery of the bulb 2 is fixed by a fastening member such as a bolt 24 so as to make spherical contact with each other, and the mounting plate 23 on the other end side is fixed by a fastening member such as a bolt 24. And it is fixed to 21.

  Therefore, the valve support in the present embodiment has a spherical shape at the connection portion between the valve outer peripheral surface and the stay vane, so that it can be kept in close contact with each other when fine adjustment of the misalignment of the valve is performed. It becomes. Thereby, the installation at the time of construction can be performed easily. In addition, since the spherical contact portion is on the valve side, the entire amount of movement can be reduced with a small amount of movement compared to the case of adjusting the misalignment of the valve at the connecting portion between the inner surface of the flow channel on the outer peripheral side of the valve and the stay vane. Since adjustment is possible, even if the lead is greatly out of order, the adjustment allowance can be made small.

  Further, since the stay vane 12 and the inner wall surface 1a of the flow channel 1 and the stay vane 12 and the valve 2 are fastened by fastening members such as fastening bolts 24, the fastening members such as bolts 24 to be used are necessary for the structure of the water turbine. It is determined by the size and quantity that sufficiently satisfies the required strength, and can be installed at a position that emphasizes workability. As described above, the stay vane, the valve, and the inner wall surface of the flowing water channel are fixed by the fastening member such as a bolt, so that attachment / detachment at the time of disassembly / assembly can be easily performed. The size of the bolt hole should be determined in advance according to the expected amount of adjustment of the valve misalignment. If the bolt tightening part (bolt head, etc.) is reduced, insert a washer or the like to tighten the bolt. It is possible to secure power.

  By the way, as shown in FIG. 3, when the radial dimension of the upstream end face position of the lower valve 2b is R1, and the downstream end face position radius is R2, there is a relationship of R1> R2, and the two are linear. The shape of the lower valve 2b is defined by the connected shape, and the portion where the lower valve 2b and the stay vane 12 are connected has a structure capable of spherical contact. Therefore, in the installation at the time of construction, first, the stay vane 12 is fastened and fixed to the base hardware 21 of the inner wall surface 1a of the flowing water channel 1. Thereafter, the lower valve 2b and the stay vane 12 are fixed. However, since the connecting surfaces are spherical, the state of keeping the valve in close contact with each other is maintained even if the valve is finely adjusted in the front, rear, left and right directions. It is possible.

  Therefore, it is possible to ensure a reliable adhesion force when fastening with a bolt or the like even after adjusting the misalignment of the valve.

  4A is a partial cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 3, and FIG. 4B is an arrow A view in FIG. 4A. The vertical dimension Db of the spherical portion 20 on the lower valve side to which the stay vane-side spherical seat 22 is attached is formed to be larger than the outer diameter Ds of the stay vane spherical seat 22. Appropriate shaving 22a is provided at the outer diameter end portion of the spherical seat 22 on the stay vane side, and the shape of the joint portion with the spherical seat of the lower bulb 2b is made smooth.

  In this way, since the vertical dimension Db of the spherical portion 20 on the lower valve side is formed to be larger than the outer diameter Ds of the spherical seat 22 on the stay vane side, the ring-shaped spherical portion on the lower valve 2b side is formed. The upper and lower portions 20 can be outside the outer diameter of the spherical seat 22 on the stay vane side even if the valve is moved to adjust the misalignment of the valve. The seat 22 can be moved and fixed while maintaining contact with each other.

  FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 3, in which the center of the spherical shape of the spherical portion 20 and the spherical seat 22 is on the rotation center line of the main shaft of the valve turbine. That is, the spherical portion 20 on the lower valve 2b side is formed by a sphere Rb, and the center of the sphere Rb is set at a position on the main shaft center line of the turbine wheel, which is the rotation center of the valve turbine. On the other hand, the inner diameter of the spherical vane 22 on the stay vane side facing the spherical surface portion 20 is formed by a sphere Rs. The sphere Rb and the sphere Rs that define both spherical shapes have the same value, and the center position that defines the sphere R is also the same position.

  As described above, the contact portion between the stay vane 12 and the valve 2 has the same spherical shape, and the center thereof is located on the center of rotation of the main shaft of the valve turbine, so that the valve misalignment occurs when adjusting the misalignment of the valve. It is possible to always maintain a contact state. In addition, after adjusting the misalignment, it is securely fixed by a fastening member such as a bolt, and positioning with a knock pin or the like makes it possible to ensure reproducibility during disassembly and assembly.

  FIG. 6 is a view as seen from the inside of the lower valve in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 5. The spherical portion 20 to which the stay vane 12 on the outer peripheral surface of the lower valve 2b is attached is on the stay vane side facing from the direction of the spherical portion 20. The fastening bolt 24 is tightened toward the spherical seat 22, and this part is accessed from the inside of the valve. There is enough space inside the lower valve 2b for an operator to work, and there is no problem in the work.

  On the other hand, in the work of attaching to the flow channel foundation hardware 21 on the outer peripheral side of the stay vane, as shown in FIG. 7, the stay vane 12 is introduced from the outside (inspection channel 25 side) of the foundation hardware 21 provided on the inner wall surface 1a of the flow channel 1. Tighten in the direction that tightens the bolt 24 to the side. This part can be accessed from the inspection path 25 provided inside the foundation structure 100. Work space is also sufficient. However, the portions other than the audit path 25 (stay vanes not provided with the audit path 25) are tightened with bolts or the like from the lower valve 2b side into the stay vane 12 as shown in FIG.

  In this way, in connection with the valve, the fastening member such as the bolt 24a and the positioning member such as the knock pin 24b are configured not to be exposed to the water surface. Can be separated inside a valve turbine or access tunnel.

  FIG. 9 is a view showing another embodiment, FIG. 9 (a) is a single sectional view of the lower valve portion 2b to which the stay vane is attached, FIG. 9 (b) is a single sectional view of the stay vane portion, and FIG. c) is a plan view of FIG. The outer side sectional shape of the lower valve 2b is a spherical surface so as to be in close contact with the spherical seat on the opposite side of the stay vane 12 as described above. The spherical surface is an integral ring 26 having a spherical shape that protrudes outward from the bulb 2. On the other hand, a ring-shaped integral spherical seat 27 having a concave spherical shape toward the center of the water turbine is provided on the inner side of the stay vane side facing this, and a plurality of stay vanes are provided on the ring-shaped integral spherical seat 27. 12 is integrally fixed. Further, the outer end of the stay vane 12 is fixed to a ring-shaped mounting plate 28. At this time, the vertical length of the ring-shaped integral spherical seat 27 in which the plurality of stay vanes 12 are integrated is made smaller than the vertical length of the integral ring 26 having the convex spherical shape.

  Thus, even if the valve is moved to adjust the misalignment, it can be fixed while maintaining the contact state with each other, and a reliable adhesion can be ensured. Moreover, since the spherically shaped ring portion on the stay vane side is integral, it acts as a strength member in order to disperse the load by the valve efficiently.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a schematic process at the time of foundation installation. The stay vane 12 is fixed to the base hardware 21, and then the lower valve 2b is installed through the spherical portion 20 and the spherical seat 22 along the spherical surface on the inner peripheral side of the stay vane. During installation, the spherical surface of the lower valve 2b is moved to finely adjust the misalignment of the valve. When this operation is completed, the foundation structure 100 is further placed on the foundation base 100a that has been previously placed. Since the radial stay vanes 12 serve as strength members when the foundation structure 100 is placed on the lower valve 2b, it is effective as a deformation prevention measure after placement. The final centering adjustment of the valve before the installation of the upper valve 2a or the like is unnecessary or light. In addition, when both the spherical surface portion 20 and the spherical seat 22 which are connecting portions of the valve and the stay vane have a ring structure, they are applied as a reinforcing member when the foundation structure 100 is placed, and after the placement, this is used as it is. It is possible to adjust the misalignment of the valve by the connecting portion. The description of this adjustment is performed by the adjustment method described in FIGS.

  As described above, it is possible to greatly improve the work efficiency at the time of installation including centering adjustment work. In addition, when the foundation is installed, the entire valve turbine is not required, and it is sufficient if there is a ring-shaped spherical surface on the valve side and a spherical seat on the stay vane side. It becomes possible.

The assembly sectional view of the vertical axis turbine which shows an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial view of a stay vane mounting portion in FIG. 1. The expanded partial view of the stay vane attaching part in other embodiment of this invention. (A), (b) is explanatory drawing of the stay vane attaching part shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing of the stay vane attaching part shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of stay vane attachment to the valve. Illustration of stay vane mounting on basic hardware. Illustration of stay vane mounting on basic hardware. (A), (b), (c) is a figure which shows other embodiment, respectively. The figure which shows an outline process at the time of foundation installation. Sectional drawing of the conventional vertical shaft valve type hydroelectric power generation equipment.

1 Flow path 2 Valve 2a Upper valve 2b Lower valve 7 Runner 8 Guide vane 12 Stay vane 20 Valve side spherical surface 21 Base hardware 22 Stay vane side spherical seat 23 Mounting plate 24 Bolt 25 Audit path 26 Convex spherical shape Integral ring 27 Ring-shaped integral spherical seat 28 Ring-shaped mounting plate

Claims (7)

In a vertical valve turbine configured to install a valve turbine in a vertical direction in the flow channel, and to support the valve turbine by a plurality of stay vanes connecting the outer peripheral portion of the valve of the valve turbine and the inner wall surface of the flow channel,
The stay vane is inclined downward toward the inner wall surface of the water channel,
Each of the stay vanes is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the valve and the inner wall surface of the water channel by a fastening member, respectively. In a vertical valve turbine configured to install a valve turbine in a vertical direction in the flow channel, and to support the valve turbine by a plurality of stay vanes connecting the outer peripheral portion of the valve of the valve turbine and the inner wall surface of the flow channel,
The stay vane is inclined downward toward the inner wall surface of the water channel,
In addition, on the outer peripheral surface of the valve to which the stay vane is connected, an inclined surface portion is formed such that the outer diameter becomes smaller in the downstream direction on the outer peripheral portion of the valve,
An upright valve turbine, characterized in that a spherical portion that is in spherical contact with each other is provided on the inclined surface portion and the surface of each stay vane that faces the outer peripheral surface of the valve. At the connecting portion between the stay vane and the outer peripheral surface of the valve, the outer peripheral portion of the valve is formed by a ring having a convex spherical shape in the longitudinal section, and on the stay vane side, each stay vane is integrated with the ring having an inner surface having a concave shape in the vertical section. The vertical valve water turbine according to claim 2 , which is fixed. The vertical valve according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the vertical length of the ring-shaped spherical portion on the valve side is longer than the vertical length of the spherical surface seat on the stay vane side or the ring on the stay vane side. Water wheel. The vertical shaft valve turbine according to any one of claims 2 to 4 , wherein a center of a spherical surface formed at a connection portion between the stay vane and the valve outer peripheral portion is located on a rotation center of the valve turbine. The stay vane has a hollow structure, and the hollow structure of at least one of the stay vanes has a space in which a person can enter and exit the valve from the outside and is configured to serve as a communication passage. The vertical shaft water wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 5 . The valve is constituted by a lower valve upper valve and Suteiben is mounted which incorporates the generator, characterized by the upper valve and the lower valve is connected detachably, any of claims 1 to 6 Vertical shaft valve turbine according to crab.

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