JP4602762B2 - 持続勃起症を処置するためのボツリヌス毒素 - Google Patents
持続勃起症を処置するためのボツリヌス毒素 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4602762B2 JP4602762B2 JP2004517780A JP2004517780A JP4602762B2 JP 4602762 B2 JP4602762 B2 JP 4602762B2 JP 2004517780 A JP2004517780 A JP 2004517780A JP 2004517780 A JP2004517780 A JP 2004517780A JP 4602762 B2 JP4602762 B2 JP 4602762B2
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- botulinum toxin
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- botulinum
- penile
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- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/08—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Description
持続勃起症は、長時間にわたって持続的に(通常は4時間以上)しばしば痛みを伴って起こる、性的刺激とは無関係な陰茎勃起である。典型的には陰茎海綿体だけが影響を受け、亀頭の尿道海綿体は弛緩したままである。持続勃起症には低血流量型と高血流量型の両方が知られている。持続勃起症(priapism)という名称は、古代ギリシャの愛の女神アフロディテの息子であるプリアポス(Priapus)に由来する。プリアポスはギリシャの豊穣の神であり、当時の彫像、モザイクおよび陶磁器には、巨大な性器を持ち永遠に勃起しているように見える姿が描かれている。
嫌気性グラム陽性細菌であるボツリヌス菌(Clostridium botulinum)は、ボツリヌス中毒と呼ばれる神経麻痺性障害をヒトおよび動物において引き起こす強力なポリペプチド神経毒であるボツリヌス毒素を産生する。ボツリヌス菌およびその胞子は土壌中に見出され、滅菌と密閉が不適切な零細缶詰工場の食品容器内で増殖する可能性があり、これが多くのボツリヌス中毒症例の原因である。ボツリヌス中毒の影響は、通例、ボツリヌス菌の培養物または胞子で汚染された食品を飲食した18〜36時間後に現れる。ボツリヌス毒素は、消化管内を弱毒化されないで通過することができ、そして末梢運動ニューロンを冒すことができるようである。ボツリヌス毒素中毒の症状は、歩行困難、嚥下困難および会話困難から、呼吸筋の麻痺および死にまで進行し得る。
(1)頸部ジストニーを処置するための筋肉内注射(多数の筋肉)あたり約75単位〜125単位のBOTOX(登録商標、カリフォルニア州アーヴィンのAllergan, Inc.から入手可能);
(2)眉間のしわを処置するための筋肉内注射あたり約5単位〜10単位のBOTOX(登録商標)(5単位が鼻根筋に筋肉内注射され、10単位がそれぞれの皺眉筋に筋肉内注射される);
(3)恥骨直腸筋の括約筋内注射による便秘を処置するための約30単位〜80単位のBOTOX(登録商標);
(4)上瞼の外側瞼板前部眼輪筋および下瞼の外側瞼板前部眼輪筋に注射することによって眼瞼痙攣を処置するために筋肉あたり約1単位〜5単位の筋肉内注射されるBOTOX(登録商標);
(6)卒中後の上肢痙性を処置するために、下記のように5つの異なる上肢屈筋にBOTOX(登録商標)が筋肉内注射される:
(a)深指屈筋:7.5U〜30U
(b)浅指屈筋:7.5U〜30U
(c)尺側手根屈筋:10U〜40U
(d)橈側手根屈筋:15U〜60U
(e)上腕二頭筋:50U〜200U。5つの示された筋肉のそれぞれには同じ処置時に注射されるので、患者には、それぞれの処置毎に筋肉内注射によって90U〜360Uの上肢屈筋BOTOX(登録商標)が投与される。
(7)偏頭痛を治療するために、25UのBOTOX(登録商標)を頭蓋周囲に注射する(眉間、前頭および側頭筋に対称的に注射する):該注射は、偏頭痛頻度、最大重症度、付随嘔吐および急性薬剤使用の減少(25U注射後の3ヶ月間にわたる)によって評価した場合に、ビヒクルと比較して、偏頭痛の予防療法として有意な利益を与える。
更に、ボツリヌス毒素で処置し得る種々の疾患、例えば多汗症および頭痛が、WO95/17904(PCT/US94/14717)(Aoki)に論じられている。EP第0605501B1号(Graham)には、ボツリヌス毒素による脳性麻痺の処置が論じられ、米国特許第6063768号(First)にはボツリヌス毒素による神経性炎症の処置が論じられている。
典型的には、単一タイプの小分子の神経伝達物質のみが、哺乳動物の神経系において各タイプのニューロンによって放出される。神経伝達物質アセチルコリンが脳の多くの領域においてニューロンによって分泌されているが、具体的には運動皮質の大錐体細胞によって、基底核におけるいくつかの異なるニューロンによって、骨格筋を神経支配する運動ニューロンによって、自律神経系(交感神経系および副交感神経系の両方)の節前ニューロンによって、副交感神経系の節後ニューロンによって、そして交感神経系の一部の節後ニューロンによって分泌されている。本質的には、汗腺、立毛筋および少数の血管に至る節後交感神経線維のみがコリン作動性であり、交感神経系の節後ニューロンの大部分は神経伝達物質のノルエピネフリンを分泌する。ほとんどの場合、アセチルコリンは興奮作用を有する。しかし、アセチルコリンは、迷走神経による心拍の抑制のように、抑制作用を一部の末梢副交感神経終末において有することが知られている。
本明細書で使用する以下の単語または用語は下記の定義を持つ。
「約」とは、そのように修飾された事項、パラメータまたは用語が、該事項、パラメータまたは用語の値の上および下にある+または−10%の範囲を包含することを意味する。
神経毒に関する「生物学的活性」には、アセチルコリンのシナプス前放出を減少させるまたは阻害するという神経毒の能力が包含される。
「患者」とは、医療または獣医療を受けるヒトまたは非ヒト対象を意味する。
処置対象となる哺乳動物は、持続勃起症を示すヒトまたは他の種、例えばイヌやウマなどの家畜化された哺乳動物であることができる。例えば Rochat M.C.「Priapism: a review(持続勃起症:総説)」Theriogenology 2001;56:713-722 を参照されたい。
勃起状態が2日間持続している24歳の男性が受診する。検査の結果、陰茎は硬く、亀頭は柔らかいことがわかる。直腸および腹部に癌を示す証拠は認められない。全血球計算値(CBC)、凝固プロファイル、血小板数および尿検査では白血病および鎌状赤血球症の徴候はない。
D.E.は陰茎注射による勃起不全の処置について読んだことのある医療専門家だった。彼は自分の必要量をはるかに超える量を自分に注射して、陰茎を極度に硬く勃起させ、その状態を数時間享受した後、痛みを伴う状態になり、自分で病院の救急外来を訪れた。実施例1に記載の手順に従った。ただし、海綿体1つあたりの用量は、1000〜4000単位のB型ボツリヌス毒素(すなわちByoBloc(商標))とする(4〜8箇所に分配)。両側の注射には合計2000〜8000単位を要する。B型ボツリヌス毒素の効果は陰茎萎縮および勃起の終結からなり、注射後最初の24時間以内に起こりうる。効果の持続時間は2〜6ヶ月である。
精神障害のために神経遮断薬の投与を受けていて、勃起状態が14時間持続している42歳の男性が受診する。C、D、E、FまたはG型ボツリヌス毒素を、両陰茎海綿体の複数部位に経皮注射する。これにより、ボツリヌス毒素は海綿体内に広く拡散することができる。ボツリヌス毒素注射は極めて細い針(30G以下)を使って行うことができる。ボツリヌス毒素は各海綿体の約4〜8箇所に注射する。好ましくは、両方の陰茎海綿体に注射する。海綿体1つあたりの投与量および萎縮の持続時間は、使用するボツリヌス毒素の血清型に依存する。選択したボツリヌス毒素を両側の4〜8箇所に注射する。ボツリヌス毒素の効果は注射後約2時間以内に起り、最長6ヶ月間持続しうる。
4歳のサラブレッド種馬を、フェノチアジン誘導体精神安定剤の使用に続発して発症する持続勃起症について検査する。この種馬は、ヘパリン加0.9%NaCl溶液による陰茎海綿体洗浄にも、静脈内メタンスルホン酸ベンズトロピンにも、応答しない。
1.持続勃起症の有効な軽減を迅速に達成することができる。
2.持続勃起症の長期軽減を達成することができる。
3.本発明の実施に起因する副作用は全くないか、またはごくわずかである。
本明細書ではさまざまな刊行物および/または参考文献を挙げたが、その内容はそのまま本明細書に組み込まれるものとする。
したがって、本願各請求項の精神および範囲を、上述の好ましい態様の説明に限定してはならない。
Claims (6)
- 有効成分としてボツリヌス毒素を含有する、持続勃起症を処置するための局所投与用医薬組成物。
- ボツリヌス毒素がA型、B型、C型、D型、E型、F型およびG型ボツリヌス毒素からなる群より選択される請求項1に記載の組成物。
- ボツリヌス毒素がA型ボツリヌス毒素である請求項1に記載の組成物。
- ボツリヌス毒素を約1単位〜約10,000単位の量で投与する請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 持続勃起症を約2週間〜約6ヶ月にわたって実質的に軽減する請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 哺乳動物の陰茎に直接投与する請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の組成物。
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PCT/US2003/019922 WO2004002502A1 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2003-06-24 | Botulinum toxins for treating priapism |
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JP2013166792A (ja) | 2013-08-29 |
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US20040001865A1 (en) | 2004-01-01 |
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US6776991B2 (en) | 2004-08-17 |
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