JP4602260B2 - Fertilization method for vegetation structure vegetated by ground cover plants - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for fertilizing a vegetation structure in which a ground cover plant is vegetated.

  Ground cover plants, which grow so as to cover the surface of the earth, extend their stems and leaves to the side and cover the surface so densely that there is no bare land, and at the same time the roots are densely packed on the surface. Has the effect of preventing dryness, soil runoff and weeds. In addition, ground cover plants have a plant growth phase in which the emergence of new shoots and new roots accompanying frequent pruning and renewal work is repeated, which is used for gardens, parks, landscaping, horticulture, golf courses, soccer, etc. There are various uses such as various stadiums, slopes and greening of slopes.

  Vegetation of ground cover plants does not aim at yield, but focuses on quality such as the beauty of the landscape, durability, and ease of use. Agricultural materials such as fertilizers and pesticides are used in addition to irrigation and other management work to maintain the landscape of the ground cover plants. The general vegetation structure after fertilization is based on the ground surface where the ground cover plants grow. It has a layered structure that receives nutrients from the upper layer fertilizer.

As fertilizers for the management and / or breeding of ground cover plants represented by such turf, two types of fast-acting and slow-acting fertilizers are commercially available as with other crops.
In addition, the fertilizer forms marketed as exclusive fertilizers for the above-mentioned ground cover plants include liquid fertilizer type and solid type. The former has three elements plus bitter earth, trace elements, etc. The latter is fine-grained In general, it is difficult to cause unevenness when it is spread by hand, and it is easy to handle so that it can be applied uniformly.

For nitrogen fertilizers for turf, fertilizer compositions containing ammonium sulfate, urea, ammonium nitrate or urea-calcium chloride salt (for example, see Patent Document 1) and the like are disclosed as fast-acting chemical fertilizers.
In addition, as an example of using a slow-acting fertilizer, in particular, a chemically-synthesized slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer, a suspension fertilizer using formaldehyde-processed urea (see, for example, Patent Document 2), having a small water-soluble component content and a small particle size Examples include urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate-containing fertilizer (for example, see Patent Document 3), slow-release lawn fertilizer for lawn containing methylene urea (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1), and the like. Examples of using coated fertilizer with the surface of granular fertilizer coated with resin etc. include compound fertilizer consisting of coated fertilizer and uncoated fertilizer (for example, see Patent Document 4), double slow-release of sulfur coating and prime polymer A fertilizer (for example, refer nonpatent literature 2) etc. are mentioned. Other organic fertilizers are also used, and these slow-release fertilizers are expected to supply nitrogen continuously.

  When the fast-acting fertilizer is used in a layered manner, growth failure occurs depending on the amount of dissolved fertilizer components. In order to avoid this growth failure, it is necessary to limit the amount of fertilizer applied at one time. Therefore, fast-acting fertilizers such as chemical fertilizers and liquid fertilizers need to be fertilized repeatedly, and much time and labor are required for fertilization. Moreover, even in the case of organic fertilizers and fertilizers with controlled effect, depending on the amount of the fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer component and the initial nitrogen elution amount, the same growth disorder as that of the fast-acting fertilizer occurred.

  In addition to the above, for example, granular fertilizers that are applied in layers at the time of cutting in turf management operations such as golf courses are physically susceptible to damage and destruction. As a result, if the granular fertilizer is slow acting, the fertilization effect is short-term Has the problem of becoming. Furthermore, the granular slow-release fertilizer applied in layers on the ground surface is sucked together with the cut grass, and sometimes becomes waste with the grass without exerting the fertilizer effect. This is the biggest reason why granular slow-release fertilizers are particularly difficult to use on turf, and also the reason why liquid fertilizers are used in several parts.

JP-A-8-301679 JP-A-8-290987 JP 2005-67923 A JP 2000-503965 gazette “Teatime General Information Page”, [online], May 11, 2004, Toyo Green Co., Ltd. [Search August 22, 2005], Internet <http://www.toyo-green.com/ html / products-site / 384735.htm> “Golf course turf fertilizer Yahagi Perfect Series”, [online], March 2003, Yahagi Greening Co., Ltd. [Search August 22, 2005], Internet <http://www2.odn.ne. jp / yahagi-green / 06_06.html>

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to fertilization during management and / or growth of ground cover plants, and does not cause damage to the ground cover plants, and the fertilizer applied at the time of cutting the ground cover plants is less likely to be reduced by inhalation by a mowing machine or the like. The subject is to control the fertilization effect for a long time.

    The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies in order to solve the above-described problems. As a result, if it is a fertilizer body containing granular slow-acting fertilizers containing 70% by mass or more of particles having a particle size of 0.5 mm or more and a maximum particle size of 2 mm or less, growth disturbance of the ground cover plant does not occur. In addition, it has been clarified that the fertilizer applied at the time of trimming is less likely to be reduced by sucking up with a trimming machine or the like, and that the long-term fertilization effect is possible. Furthermore, the fertilizer body is applied in a layered manner to the uppermost part of the water retaining body mainly composed of soil, and the fertilizer body is formed in a column shape in a direction substantially perpendicular to the water retaining body (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a suspended structure). It has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by taking a fertilization method combined with the application of, and the present invention has been completed based on the findings.

The gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) A fertilization method for a vegetation structure including a ground cover plant and a water retaining body, wherein the fertilizer body is applied in a layered manner to the top of the water retaining body, and the fertilizer body is suspended from the water retaining body. The fertilizer body includes a granular slow-release fertilizer, and the granular slow-release fertilizer has a particle diameter of 0.5 mm or more, 70% by mass or more, and a maximum particle diameter of 2 mm. The fertilization method characterized by the following.

(2) The fertilizing method according to (1), wherein the granular slow-acting fertilizer is at least one of the following.
(A) A fertilizer containing chemically synthesized slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer and containing 10% by mass or less of fast-acting nitrogen.
(B) A coated fertilizer obtained by coating the surface with a resin, and the cumulative elution rate of nitrogen component on the third day is 10 under the condition that the coated fertilizer is kept constant at 25 ° C. at a rate of 10 g of the coated fertilizer in 200 mL of water. Fertilizer that is less than%.

(3) The fertilizing method according to (2), wherein the chemically synthesized slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer is at least one selected from the group of acetaldehyde condensed urea, isobutyraldehyde condensed urea, glyoxal condensed urea, and methylol urea polymerized fertilizer. .

(4) The fertilizing method according to (2) or (3), wherein the chemically synthesized slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is acetaldehyde condensed urea.

(5) The fertilizer application method according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the fertilizer body further contains sand.

(6) A vegetation structure fertilized using the fertilization method according to any one of (1) to (5).

  According to the present invention, with respect to fertilization at the time of management and / or cultivation of ground cover plants, the growth of the ground cover plants does not occur, and the fertilizer applied at the time of cutting the ground cover plants is less likely to be reduced by inhalation by a mowing machine or the like. By controlling the fertilization effect for a long period of time, fertilization can be reduced by reducing labor and improving the utilization rate.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The fertilization method of the present invention is a fertilization method for a vegetation structure including a ground cover plant and a water retaining body, wherein a fertilizer body is applied in a layered manner on the uppermost portion of the water retaining body, and a suspended structure is formed on the water retaining body. The fertilizer body includes a granular slow-release fertilizer, and the granular slow-release fertilizer has a particle diameter of 0.5 mm or more and 70% by mass or more of particles. The particle diameter is 2 mm or less.

  The above-mentioned ground cover plant (also referred to as “covered plant”) is a general term for plants that grow so as to cover the ground surface. Specifically, turf, ajuga, shibazagra, sweet alyssum, verbena, kobano lantana, ivy, ivy, etc. Can be illustrated. There are two types of turf: warm turf and cold turf. Warm turf is wild turf, ginseng turf, hime korai turf, Tifton, Tifd Wharf, St. Augustine grass, etc. Blue grasses, fescues, ryegrass and the like can be mentioned.

The above water-retaining body supplies water and the like for supporting and growing plants. Specifically, in addition to natural soil, sand, bark compost, peat, vermiculite, perlite, bentonite, zeolite, rock wool, etc. Although it is mentioned, natural soil is most preferable in terms of cost.
The vegetation structure includes at least a ground cover plant and a water retaining body, for example, a structure in which the ground cover plant is vegetated on the water retaining body. The vegetation structure can include fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, and the like in addition to ground cover plants and water retaining bodies.

The fertilizer application method of the present invention includes applying a fertilizer body in a layered manner to the uppermost part of the water retaining body, and applying the fertilizer body in a suspended manner to the water retaining body.
That is, in the fertilizer application method of the present invention, a fertilizer body (hereinafter also referred to as a layered fertilizer body) is applied to the uppermost part of the water retaining body to supply a fertilizer component from the upper surface of the water retaining body to the water retaining body. By applying a fertilizer body (hereinafter also referred to as a vertical fertilizer body) in a suspended manner, the fertilizer component can be stably supplied to the deep layers of the root group depending on the length of the suspended fertilizer body. The layered fertilizer body tends to sustain the fertilization effect because it is less in contact with the water retention body than the suspended fertilizer body. On the other hand, since the suspended fertilizer body is substantially embedded in the water retaining body, it can be suppressed that the fertilizer body is sucked into the trimming machine and reduced when the ground cover plant is trimmed. The shape of the suspended fertilizer body is not particularly limited, but is columnar in consideration of workability at the time of installation, and a cylindrical or prismatic shape is preferable.

The combined use of the layered fertilizer body and the suspended fertilizer body makes it possible to supply the fertilizer components in three dimensions to the water retaining body of the ground cover plant.
As a specific example of the fertilizer application method of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a fertilizer body is applied in a layered manner to the uppermost part of a water retaining body mainly composed of soil, and in contact with the bottom surface of the layered fertilizer body, A method in which a plurality of fertilizer bodies are applied in parallel in a suspended manner in the body can be mentioned.

  In addition, the fertilizer application amount of these fertilizer bodies is the thickness of the layered fertilizer bodies, the length of the suspended fertilizer bodies, the number per unit area (interval between the suspended fertilizer bodies, the surface of the water retaining body of the suspended fertilizer bodies The size can be adjusted.

  As for the balance between the layered fertilizer body and the suspended fertilizer body, the layered fertilizer body alone is no different from the prior art, the suspended fertilizer body alone cannot ensure the distribution of fertilizer application, and the fertilizer duration is layered fertilizer Since it is shorter than the body, the mass ratio of the fertilizer component contained in the layered fertilizer body and the fertilizer component contained in the suspended fertilizer body is within the range of 1: 9 to 9: 1 for the management and cultivation of the ground cover plant. preferable.

Specific examples of the thickness of the layered fertilizer body, the length of the suspended fertilizer body, the interval between the suspended fertilizer bodies, and the dimensions of the suspended fertilizer body on the surface of the water retaining body are illustrated.
The thickness of the layered fertilizer body is preferably 1 to 20 mm, more preferably 1 to 10 mm.

  When the size of the suspended fertilizer body is a cylindrical shape, the diameter on the surface of the water retaining body is preferably 1 to 25 mm, more preferably 5 to 20 mm, and the length (depth) is preferably 10 to 150 mm, more preferably. 20-120 mm and a space | interval of 5-100 mm are preferable, More preferably, it is 5-85 mm. The said space | interval means the space | interval between the outer periphery of the fertilizer body in the water holding body surface. When the size of the suspended fertilizer body is within the above range, the layered fertilizer body and the suspended fertilizer body can supply the fertilizer component in three dimensions to the underground part of the ground cover plant, and the fertilizer possessed by these fertilizer bodies The effect can be controlled for a long time.

The fertilizer body used in the method of the present invention includes a granular slow-release fertilizer, and the granular slow-release fertilizer has a particle diameter of 0.5 mm or more and 70% by mass or more, and the maximum particle diameter is 2 mm or less. It is characterized by being.
The said fertilizer body can mix | blend fertilizers other than a granular slow release fertilizer, unless the effect of a granular slow release fertilizer is impaired. For example, it is possible to use a compound fertilizer containing a fast-acting chemical fertilizer (fast-acting fertilizer) or the like.

The content of the slow-acting fertilizer in the fertilizer body is preferably 20% by mass to 100% by mass, and more preferably 30% by mass to 90% by mass with respect to the total mass of the fertilizer body.
In addition, when the fertilizer body contains the composite fertilizer, the blending ratio of the slow-acting fertilizer and the fast-acting fertilizer in the composite fertilizer depends on the amount of fertilizer applied and the fertilizing properties, but it is generally slow in mass ratio of the amount of nitrogen. Fertilizer: Fast-acting fertilizer = 50: 1 to 1: 1 is preferable, and 30: 1 to 2: 1 is more preferable.

Further, the fertilizer body preferably contains fine soil such as sand and borax for the purpose of ensuring the water permeability and air permeability of the water retaining body, and particularly preferably contains sand. At this time, sand may be mixed with the above-mentioned granular slow-release fertilizer, but it is possible to construct a layered fertilizer body so as to cover the granular slow-release fertilizer so that it can be used for the trimming machine when cutting the ground cover plant. It is preferable for suppressing the inhalation of the fertilizer body. There are mountain sand, sea sand, river sand from the production area as the above sand, and the particle size varies depending on the type, but it is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the ground cover plant at the time of use. River sand having a particle size of about 0.25 to 2.0 mm is particularly preferable.
A soil improving material may be added to the sand for the purpose of imparting various functions. For example, zeolite, vermiculite, pearlite, peat moss and the like can be mentioned, and these may be combined not only as a single item but also as a plurality.
The sand content is preferably 10% by volume to 99.99% by volume and more preferably 50% by volume to 99.9% by volume with respect to the total mass of the fertilizer body.

The granular slow-release fertilizer used in the method of the present invention has particles having a particle size of 0.5 mm or more in an amount of 70% by mass or more, preferably 90% by mass or more, and a maximum particle size of 2 mm or less, preferably 1.5 mm or less. It is.
When the particle diameter is less than 70% by mass, the proportion of particles with a fast elution rate of fertilizer components is large, and the fertilization effect becomes short, and at the same time, pulverization and powdering due to particle hardness decrease There is a risk of inconvenience such as occurrence. On the other hand, when the maximum particle diameter exceeds 2 mm, the proportion of the granular slow-release fertilizer sucked into the trimming machine when the ground cover plant is trimmed increases significantly. Moreover, since the elution rate of a fertilizer component becomes slow and the number of fertilized grains per unit area is significantly reduced, the use may be limited.
If the particle size of the granular slow-release fertilizer is within the above range, it will prevent the granular slow-release fertilizer from being sucked into the trimming machine when the ground cover plant is trimmed. A fertilizer body can be formed, and variation in the amount of fertilizer applied per unit area or per vegetation cover is reduced.
The particle diameter of the above-mentioned granular slow-release fertilizer can be determined by measuring using a sieve in addition to measuring directly with a ruler or the like. In addition, a granular slow-release fertilizer having a particle size and the like satisfying the above range is prepared (manufactured) by applying a known sieving technique such as a vibrating sieve comprising an arbitrary sieve in the final process of production. be able to.

  As the above-mentioned slow-acting fertilizer, slow-acting fertilizer whose dissolution rate is physically adjusted (ie, slow-acting coated fertilizer, hereinafter also referred to as coated fertilizer) and / or slow-acting chemical whose solubility is slow-acting Fertilizer can be used.

  Slow release fertilizers with controlled elution rates are coated with nitrogenous fertilizer coated with polyolefin resin, sulfur or other coating raw materials, and calcined fertilizer coated with polyolefin resin or sulfur or other coated raw materials. Covered potash fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer or liquid composite fertilizer may be coated with a polyolefin-based resin, sulfur, or other coating raw materials.

  In the case of the said coated fertilizer, it is preferable that it is a fertilizer whose accumulated nitrogen component elution rate of the 3rd day is 10 mass% or less on the conditions which left still at 25 degreeC constant in the ratio of 10 g of this coated fertilizer in 200 mL of water.

  Moreover, the accumulation nitrogen component elution rate of the said coated fertilizer can be calculated | required with the following method. 10 g of the coated fertilizer is immersed in 200 mL of water and allowed to stand at 25 ° C. After a predetermined period, the coated fertilizer and water are separated, and the total elution amount of nitrogen components eluted in water is determined by quantitative analysis. Further, the total nitrogen amount in 10 g of the coated fertilizer is quantified, and the ratio of the total elution amount to the total nitrogen amount as a percentage is defined as the cumulative nitrogen component elution rate. Specifically, a method disclosed in JP-A-2005-319417 can be exemplified, and it may be performed according to this method. That is, 10 g of the coated fertilizer and 200 mL of distilled water that had been adjusted to 25 ° C. in advance were put into a 250 mL plastic container and allowed to stand in an incubator set at 25 ° C. Three days later, all the water is extracted from the container, and the amount of accumulated elution nitrogen component (total amount of elution of nitrogen component) contained in the extracted water is quantitatively analyzed (for example, fertilizer analysis method (for example, written by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries "Fertilizer analysis method (1992 version)", published by Japan Fertilizer Examination Association, December 1992, p.15-22 and Fumio Yamazoe, "Detailed Fertilizer Analysis Method Revised 1st Edition", Yokendo Issue, January 1973, p.35-62 etc.)). The cumulative nitrogen component elution rate is the percentage of the total elution nitrogen component amount relative to the total nitrogen amount in 10 g of the coated fertilizer.

  In the present invention, a fertilizer having a cumulative nitrogen component elution rate of 10% by mass or less on the third day after standing with the elution rate at the initial stage of application indicating that there are many coating defects as an index is preferable. Furthermore, when the 80 mass% cumulative nitrogen component elution rate is 30 days or more, it is particularly preferable because the fertilization effect is sustained even when compared with a general chemical fertilizer.

  Examples of the slow-acting fertilizer having chemically slow solubility include a fertilizer containing at least one selected from a chemically-synthesized slow-releasing nitrogen component, a soluble phosphonic acid component, and a soluble soluble potassium component. For example, as the chemically synthesized slow-release nitrogen component, urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate, glyoxal condensed urea, guanylurea sulfate, oxamide and the like can be mentioned, and as the soluble phosphate component, phosphate ore (fine powder), calcined Phosphorus fertilizer, molten phosphate fertilizer, precipitated lime phosphate, bituminous perlite (serpentine peridotite), fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, etc. are included, and basic potassium or magnesium-containing compounds and fine powders as soluble soluble ingredients Examples include silicate silicate and the like obtained by mixing and burning charcoal combustion ash.

  As the above-mentioned slow-acting fertilizer having a slow chemical solubility, a slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer containing at least a nitrogen component is preferable. The slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is preferably a chemically-synthetic slow-release nitrogen fertilizer containing chemically synthesized slow-release nitrogen as a fertilizer component, and particularly preferably a fertilizer containing a slightly water-soluble urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate.

  If the slow-acting fertilizer is a fertilizer containing a poorly water-soluble urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate as a fertilizer component, the fast-acting nitrogen contained in the fertilizer is 10 mass with respect to the total mass of the nitrogen component in terms of nitrogen. % Or less, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, particularly preferably 1 to 10% by mass. If the content of fast-acting nitrogen is in the above range, especially when a granular fertilizer layer is formed before seeding and germination, it does not cause growth failure or delay such as growth delay, leaf color abnormality, death, etc. at the beginning of cultivation. The characteristics of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate, which is a slow-acting nitrogenous fertilizer, can be supplemented. Moreover, when it is going to obtain the fertilizer which does not contain fast-acting nitrogen but only a urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate, the cost will be increased by the purification step, which is not practical. Examples of fast acting nitrogen include ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and urea nitrogen.

  The fast-acting nitrogen is defined as the content of the fast-acting nitrogen, which is the sum of the analysis values of the fast-acting nitrogen components composed of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and urea nitrogen. These analytical values can be measured in accordance with known fertilizer analysis methods and their contents can be calculated. For example, “Fertilizer analysis method (1992 version)” by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, National Institute of Agricultural Environment Technology (Japan) Examples include methods published by the Fertilizer Examination Association, December 1992, p.15-22).

The chemical synthetic slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is described in, for example, “Pocket Fertilizer Manual 2004” (p. 104) published by the Agricultural and Forestry Statistics Association.
The urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate is not particularly limited, and it may be used even if it is a urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate having any molecular structure such as linear, branched chain, and cyclic. it can. Specifically, acetaldehyde condensed urea (CDU or OMU), isobutyraldehyde condensed urea (IBDU), methylol urea polymerization fertilizer, formaldehyde processed urea fertilizer, etc. described in the Fertilizer Control Law (official standard of fertilizer, type of fertilizer) Can be mentioned. In the present invention, one or more of them may be arbitrarily selected and used.
Preferably, it is urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate and acetaldehyde-condensed urea 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine (hereinafter referred to as “CDU”), isobutyraldehyde condensed urea, methylol urea polymerization fertilizer. Particularly preferred is CDU. On the other hand, formaldehyde-processed urea fertilizer is difficult to control the fertilization effect because the component having a high degree of condensation is hardly mineralized depending on the degree of polymerization, and most of the fertilization effect depends on fast acting nitrogen.

When urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate is used as a slow-acting fertilizer as a nitrogenous fertilizer component, the regulation of fertilization may become unstable depending on the phosphoric acid content coexisting as the fertilizer component in the slow-acting fertilizer . For this reason, the total content (also referred to as total phosphoric acid content) of the phosphoric acid compound in the slow release fertilizer is 0.01 to 5 mass in terms of P ₂ O ₅ with respect to the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate. % Is preferable. If it is this range, there is little impairing the slow-release property of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate contained in this slow-release fertilizer.
The total phosphoric acid content can be measured by the quinoline weight method (the method described in the second revised detailed fertilizer analysis method, published by Yokendo).

In terms of fertilization control, if a water-soluble phosphate compound is present in the slow-release fertilizer to some extent, the control of urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate may be impaired. The content of the water-soluble phosphate compound in the fertilizer is preferably 0.5% by mass or less in terms of P ₂ O ₅ with respect to the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate.
When using fertilizers containing phosphate compounds such as water-soluble phosphate compounds, ordinary chemical fertilizers, two-component compound chemical fertilizers, advanced chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, etc. as granulation aids, etc. It is preferable to use it in consideration of the water solubility and content of the phosphoric acid compound.

  The phosphoric acid compound which can be used from the above is preferably less water-soluble than water-soluble, and among them, a phosphoric acid compound having low solubility in water can be used relatively easily. Specifically, a substance having a solubility in water at 20 ° C. of 5 g / 100 mL or less is desirable, and examples thereof include phosphorus ore and / or molten phosphorus fertilizer. Moreover, among the phosphoric acid compounds contained in the organic fertilizer described below, those that are poorly water-soluble can be preferably used.

The addition ratio of the poorly water-soluble phosphate compound to the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate is not particularly limited, but is in the range of 0.01 to 5% by mass in terms of P ₂ O _{5 with} respect to the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate. It is preferable that If the addition ratio of the poorly water-soluble phosphate compound is within this range, it is possible to effectively control the persistence of the fertilization effect of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate.

  In addition, when using a slow-release fertilizer with urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate as a fertilizer component, the slow-release fertilizer contains a water-repellent substance for the purpose of controlling the fertilization effect of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate Can be made. By adding the water repellent substance, dissolution of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate or phosphate compound in the soil can be suppressed, and the fertilization effect of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate can be controlled in a wide range.

  As the water repellent substance, it is preferable to appropriately use one or more selected from natural wax and synthetic wax. Natural waxes include plant waxes such as cadrine wax, carnauba wax, rice wax, wax, jojoba oil, animal waxes such as beeswax, lanolin and sperm wax, and mineral waxes such as montan wax, ozokerite and ceresin. And petroleum waxes such as paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, and petrolatum. Synthetic waxes include synthetic hydrocarbons such as Fischer-Tropsch wax, polyethylene wax, and polypropylene wax, montan wax derivatives, paraffin wax derivatives, and microcrystalline wax derivatives. Denatured wax, hydrogenated wax such as hardened castor oil, hardened castor oil derivative, 12-hydroxystearic acid, stearamide, phthalic anhydride, chlorinated hydrocarbon And the like. Among these, hydrogenated castor oil and derivatives thereof are effective in controlling the mineralization rate of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate.

  The content of the water-repellent substance is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of the poorly water-soluble phosphoric acid, the water-repellent substance, the water-soluble component and the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate in the slow release fertilizer. More preferably, it is in the range of 1 to 15% by mass. When the content ratio of the water-repellent substance is in the above range, the effect of the water-repellent substance is sufficient and the manufacturing cost is not increased.

The granular slow-release fertilizer can be produced by a known method described in JP-A-2003-212682, JP-A-2005-67923, JP-A-50-99858, and the like. For example, chemical synthesis slow-release nitrogen component, phosphoric acid component, potassium component, water-soluble component, water-repellent substance, granulation aid, binder and water etc. are mixed, rolling granulation method, compression granulation method Then, granulation is performed using a stirring granulation method, extrusion granulation method, or the like, and if necessary, the granulated particles are dried using a gas having a melting point of the water-repellent substance and not more than 500 ° C. The dried particles can be classified by a sieving unit such as a known vibration sieving machine to control the particle size distribution, so that the granular slow-release fertilizer used in the present application can be obtained.

The granular slow-release fertilizer used in the present invention can be composed of one or more selected from a chemically synthesized slow-release nitrogen component, a phosphoric acid component, and a potassium component, It is also possible to mix a slow-acting fertilizer (coated fertilizer) with an adjusted dissolution rate. Furthermore, the fertilizer body used in the present invention can be in the form of a composite fertilizer containing a fast-acting chemical fertilizer as long as the effect of the granular slow-release fertilizer with suppressed initial elution is not impaired. It is preferable that the fast-acting chemical fertilizer also satisfies the same particle size conditions as the granular slow-release fertilizer used in the present invention.
The content of fast-acting nitrogen, water-soluble phosphoric acid, and water-soluble potassium in the composite fertilizer is 7% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less for fast-acting nitrogen, and 20% each for water-soluble phosphoric acid and water-soluble potassium. % Or less, preferably 15% by mass or less.

  The fast-acting nitrogen in the above-mentioned compound fertilizer is fertilizer analysis method (for example, “Agricultural Environment Technology Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,“ Fertilizer analysis method (1992 version) ”, published by Japan Fertilizer Testing Association, December 1992. , P.15-22), and can be simply evaluated by using values measured without preparing an analytical sample. Water-soluble phosphoric acid (for example, written by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Technology, “Fertilizer Analysis (1992)”, published by Japan Fertilizer Testing Association, December 1992, p. 28-33), water-soluble Similarly, Kakari (for example, “Agricultural Environment Technology Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries”, “Fertilizer Analysis (1992)”, published by Japan Fertilizer Testing Association, December 1992, p. 37-41) It can be simply evaluated by measuring as it is.

  Although the fertilization method of this invention is described concretely, it is not limited to these. First, a hole is made from the ground surface in the water retaining body on which the ground cover plant grows. After opening the hole, the roots, stems, soil, etc. of the ground cover plant are discharged to the vegetation surface, but these are preferably removed. After applying the fertilizer body uniformly to the planting surface with the drilled holes, the surface is smoothed. By leveling the surface, the fertilizer body is put into the opened hole to form a suspended fertilizer body, and at the same time, a layered fertilizer body is formed in the upper layer of the water retaining body.

In the fertilizer, but the amount of fertilizer should be determined after soil diagnosis, nitrogen component generally is preferably 1 to 100 g / m ² in terms of nitrogen, more preferably 1~70g / m ^2. The phosphoric acid component is preferably 0.5 to 50 g / m ^{2 and} more preferably 0.5 to 45 g / m ^{2 in} terms of P ₂ O ₅ . On the other hand, the potassium component is preferably 0.5 to 70 g / m ^{2 and} more preferably 0.5 to 60 g / m ^{2 in} terms of K ₂ O. When many fertilizer components remain in the soil before fertilization, the components may not be fertilized.

  It is preferable to apply a soil covering for the purpose of protecting the layered fertilizer body after the fertilizer body is formed. The soil used to cover the soil should be well-ventilated and well-drained. Cover these soils so that the leaves of the plant can be seen a little, and fill the joints with a board or scoop to level it. Covering soil has the effect of reducing fertilizer inhalation.

The granular fertilizer in the fertilizer body has a mass per grain of 0.5 to 5 mg, preferably 1 to 3 mg. This is because one or more fertilizers can be applied to one hole, and the efficiency of absorption and utilization of fertilizer components can be increased so that a high fertilization effect can be exhibited. If the mass per granular fertilizer is in the above range, an appropriate number of applied grains per hole can be secured, so that the amount of fertilizer hardly varies and a uniform and stable fertilization effect is exhibited. Here, the mass per one compound fertilizer is 1
The measurement may be performed for each grain, but may be an average value obtained by measuring the mass of 100 grains.

  Cultivation methods for managing and / or growing ground cover plants, such as spraying of agricultural chemicals, irrigation, and cutting, are not particularly limited, and those conventionally used can be used.

  The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following examples, “%” is “% by mass” unless otherwise specified.

<Growing lawn>
A turf cultivation test pot having an inner diameter of 30 cm × width of 60 cm × depth of 20 cm and having a drain outlet at the bottom is filled with black soil from the bottom to a height of 10 cm and laid, and further the black soil layer The upper layer is filled with 10cm thickness of shirasu and horticultural nursery soil (trade name “Yosaku V1”, manufactured by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) at a mass ratio of 7: 3, and then irrigated. Create a compacted floor soil layer. After laying a Koryo turf mat on the surface layer of the floor soil layer and covering it with soil, fertilizer management was carried out according to the customary method, and the lawn was grown for two months.

<Production of compound fertilizer>
The fertilizer used for an Example and a comparative example was mix-produced. The chemical fertilizer used for blending with the slow-acting fertilizer is a fast-acting fertilizer and is different from the slow-acting fertilizer of the present invention.

<Manufacture of compound fertilizer 1>
Acetaldehyde-condensed urea (trade name [Uber (fine granule) -5], particle size 1.2 to 1.4 mm, manufactured by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) and fast-acting chemical fertilizer (sulfurized ammonium phosphate (nitrogen-phosphate) Kari = 4-22-22) and a particle size of 1.2 to 1.4 mm) were uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 1 to obtain a composite fertilizer 1 having a particle size of 1.2 to 1.4 mm.
The chemical fertilizer was adjusted in particle size using a vibrating sieve (compact vibrating sieve VSS-50, manufactured by Tsutsui Riken Kikai Co., Ltd.) so as to have a particle size distribution similar to that of the acetaldehyde condensed urea. Moreover, the said chemical fertilizer was manufactured by well-known methods from materials, such as monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride.
Moreover, the fertilizer component of the composite fertilizer 1 was nitrogen-phosphoric acid-Kari = 17-11-11. The nitrogen content of the acetaldehyde-condensed urea fertilizer was 30.5% by mass, and the internal fast-acting nitrogen component was 2.0% by mass (the fast-acting nitrogen component was measured for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, urea nitrogen) Sum of values).

<Manufacture of compound fertilizer 2>
Acetaldehyde-condensed urea (trade name “Uber (fine granules) -5”, particle size 1.2 to 1.4 mm, manufactured by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) used in composite fertilizer 1 and coated composite fertilizer (trade name “Kumiai Trace) Using element-coated phosphorous phosphate Ankakari Micro Long Total 201-100 (Nitrogen-Phosphate-Kari = 12-10-11) ”, particle size 1.0-1.5 mm, manufactured by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd. After adjusting the particle size using a vibrating sieve (small vibrating sieve VSS-50, manufactured by Tsutsui Riken Kikai Co., Ltd.) so that the particle size of the coated composite fertilizer has the same particle size distribution as the acetaldehyde-condensed urea, it is uniform at a mass ratio of 1: 2. To obtain a composite fertilizer 2 having a particle size of 1.2 to 1.4 mm. The fertilizer component of the composite fertilizer 2 was nitrogen-phosphate-Kari = 18-6-7. In addition, the above-mentioned coated composite fertilizer had a cumulative nitrogen component elution rate of 10% or less on the third day under the condition that the coated fertilizer was left at a constant temperature of 25 ° C. at a rate of 10 g of the coated fertilizer in 200 mL of water.

<Manufacture of compound fertilizer 3>
Formaldehyde-processed urea fertilizer (trade name “Form Nitrogen No. 2”, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Fertilizer Co., Ltd., sieved product (particle size: 1.0-2.0 mm)) and fast-acting chemical fertilizer (sulfurized phosphorus ( Nitrogen-phosphoric acid-Kari = 4-22-22) and particle diameter of 1.0 to 2.0 mm) are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 3, and the compound fertilizer 3 having a particle diameter of 1.0 to 2.0 mm. Got.
The fertilizer component of the composite fertilizer 3 was nitrogen-phosphate-Kari = 13-5.5-5.5. The nitrogen content of the formaldehyde-processed urea fertilizer was 41.3% by mass and the internal fast-acting nitrogen component was 11.1% by mass (the fast-acting nitrogen components were measured values of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and urea nitrogen) Sum).
The formaldehyde-processed urea fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer were adjusted in particle size using a vibrating sieve (compact vibrating sieve VSS-50, manufactured by Tsutsui Chemical Co., Ltd.). Moreover, the said chemical fertilizer was manufactured by well-known methods from materials, such as monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride.

<Construction of vegetation structure>
Except for Example 2 and Comparative Example 4, the amount of fertilization was adjusted to be 10.5 g / 1 m ^{2 of} nitrogen component (nitrogen conversion).

<Example 1>
Holes with a spacing of 7.5 mm, a diameter of 5 mm, and a depth of 30 mm are drilled in the above-mentioned lawn cultivation test pots that have been cultivated so that the lawn height is 5 mm, and the generated grass roots, stems, soil, etc. are removed from the lawn surface. After that, the compound fertilizer 1 was fertilized on June 1. After fertilization, the compound fertilizer 1 was evenly spread with a broom so that it entered the hole, and the compound fertilizer 1 was applied in layers and vertically. Furthermore, after burning baked sand having a particle diameter of 1 mm or less over the entire upper layer of the layered fertilizer body, the vegetation structure was prepared by adjusting the height uniformly so that the leaf tips were exposed with a broom. Cultivation management such as regular irrigation and trimming was carried out on the prepared vegetation structure. During cultivation management, in addition to observing the vegetation state, the leaf color and the amount of nitrogen in the cut leaves were measured. The leaf color was visually compared using the leaf color scale for paddy rice (edited by the Japanese Society of Turfgrass Society, “Latest Lawn and Turfgrass Survey Method”, published by Soft Science Co., Ltd., June 2001, p. 55). This was carried out according to the Gunning method (Hirofumi Yamaguchi, “Applied Plant Science Experiment”, published by Yokendo Co., Ltd., June 2000, p. 76-78). Experiments were performed in triplicate. The results are shown in Table 1.

<Example 2>
A vegetation structure having a layered fertilizer body and a suspended fertilizer body is carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fertilizer application amount (10.5 g / m ² ) of Example 1 is reduced by 20% (8.4 g / m ² ). Was made. Cultivation management and evaluation of fertilization effect on the produced vegetation structure were carried out using the same method as in Example 1.

<Example 3>
Except for changing the composite fertilizer 1 of Example 1 to the composite fertilizer 2, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to produce a vegetation structure having a layered fertilizer body and a suspended fertilizer body. Cultivation management and evaluation of fertilization effect on the produced vegetation structure were carried out using the same method as in Example 1.

<Example 4>
The operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composite fertilizer 1 of Example 1 was changed to the composite fertilizer 3 to produce a vegetation structure having a layered fertilizer body and a suspended fertilizer body. Cultivation management and evaluation of fertilization effect on the produced vegetation structure were carried out using the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

<Comparative Example 1>
The compound fertilizer 1 of Example 1 was converted into a fast-acting chemical fertilizer (trade name “Kumiai Composite Phosphorus Ax 464 (Nitrogen-Phosphate-Kari = 14-16-14)”, manufactured by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd., particle size 2 Except for changing to .3 to 4.0 mm), the same operation as in Example 1 was performed, and a vegetation structure having a layered fertilizer body and a suspended fertilizer body was produced. Cultivation management and evaluation of fertilization effect on the produced vegetation structure were carried out using the same method as in Example 1.

<Comparative example 2>
The composite fertilizer 1 of Example 1 was coated with a composite fertilizer (trade name “Meister MX07 (nitrogen-phosphate-Kari = 20-7-11)”, manufactured by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd., particle size 2.3-4. The operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the vegetation structure had a layered fertilizer body and a suspended fertilizer body. Cultivation management and evaluation of fertilization effect on the produced vegetation structure were carried out using the same method as in Example 1.

<Comparative Example 3>
Except for not providing the suspended fertilizer body in Example 1, the operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a vegetation structure having a layered fertilizer body. That is, the fertilizer 1 was fertilized so that the nitrogen component (nitrogen conversion) was 10.5 g per 1 m ² , and the fertilizer 1 was evened with brooms after fertilization. Furthermore, after burning baked sand having a particle diameter of 1 mm or less over the entire upper layer of the layered fertilizer body, the vegetation structure was prepared by adjusting the height uniformly so that the leaf tips were exposed with a broom. Cultivation management and evaluation of fertilization effect on the produced vegetation structure were carried out using the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

<Comparative example 4>
After the turf cultivation test pots that have been cultivated so that the turf has a cutting height of 5 mm have holes with a spacing of 50 mm, a diameter of 10 mm, and a depth of 50 mm, and the generated turf roots, stems, and soil are removed from the lawn surface. The compound fertilizer 1 was filled in each hole using a straw tube. After fertilization, baked sand having a particle diameter of 1 mm or less was sprayed over the entire lawn surface, and the vegetation structure having only the suspended fertilizer body was prepared by adjusting the height so that the leaf tips were exposed evenly with a broom. The amount of fertilizer applied was 6.7 g / pot (equivalent to 6.3 g / 1 m ² nitrogen component). Cultivation management and evaluation of fertilization effect on the produced vegetation structure were carried out using the same method as in Example 1.

In Examples 1 to 3, the fertilization effect was confirmed for 3 months or more, in Example 4 for 2 months, and particularly in Example 1 for 5 months. In Example 4, the initial cultivation progressed favorably due to fast-acting nitrogen, but thereafter, mineralization of formaldehyde-processed urea became slow, and the fertilization effect was shorter than Example 1 at the same fertilizer amount.
In Comparative Example 1, a growth failure occurred from the early stage of cultivation, and the leaf color deteriorated around the applied fertilizer. In Comparative Example 2, although no growth failure was observed as compared with Comparative Example 1, the particle size of the fertilizer was large, and it was confirmed that most of the fertilizer was sucked into the residue recovered during the cutting operation. The amount of fertilizer sucked (dried product, 50 ° C., 24 hours) was about 1 g in Example 1, whereas the difference in Comparative Example 2 was about 5 g, which was obvious.
In Comparative Example 3, the leaf color at the initial stage of cultivation was good, but the fertilization effect was shorter than that in Example 1. This was thought to be due to the fact that fertilizer was sucked into the residue collected during the mowing operation. In Comparative Example 4, the leaf color around the hole was better than in Example 1, but the leaf color of the vegetation surface varied, and a uniform measurement was not possible.

<Reference example>
The same conditions as in Example 1 except that the plant is not planted using the acetaldehyde-condensed urea (trade name “Uber (fine grain) -5”, manufactured by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) used in the production of the composite fertilizer 1. When the mineralization test was carried out separately for each of the layered fertilizer body and the suspended fertilizer body, the period required for mineralization was about 2 months for the suspended fertilizer body and about 4 months for the layered fertilizer body. It was confirmed. That is, when fertilizing the same slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, it was shown that the fertilizer installed in the suspended configuration has a shorter fertilizer effect than the fertilizer installed in the layered configuration.

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a vegetation structure fertilized by the method of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

1. Water retaining body 2. 2. Vertical fertilizer body Layered fertilizer body4. 4. Fertilizer particles Ground cover plant

Claims (6)

A fertilization method for a vegetation structure including a ground cover plant and a water retaining body,
Applying a fertilizer body in layers to the top of the water retaining body;
Applying a fertilizer body in a suspended manner to the water retaining body,
The fertilizer body includes a granular slow-release fertilizer, and the granular slow-release fertilizer has a particle diameter of 0.5 mm or more, 70% by mass or more, and a maximum particle diameter of 2 mm or less. , Fertilization method. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the granular slow-release fertilizer is at least one of the following.
(A) A fertilizer containing chemically synthesized slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer and containing 10% by mass or less of fast-acting nitrogen.
(B) A coated fertilizer obtained by coating the surface with a resin, and the cumulative elution rate of nitrogen component on the third day is 10 under the condition that the coated fertilizer is kept constant at 25 ° C. at a rate of 10 g of the coated fertilizer in 200 mL of water. Fertilizer that is less than%.   The fertilization method according to claim 2, wherein the chemically synthesized slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is at least one selected from the group of acetaldehyde condensed urea, isobutyraldehyde condensed urea, glyoxal condensed urea, and methylol urea polymerized fertilizer.   The fertilization method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the chemically synthesized slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is acetaldehyde condensed urea.   The fertilizer application method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fertilizer body further contains sand.   The vegetation structure fertilized using the fertilization method of any one of Claims 1-5.

Images