JP4601401B2 - Direct injection engine - Google Patents

Direct injection engine Download PDF

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JP4601401B2
JP4601401B2 JP2004331653A JP2004331653A JP4601401B2 JP 4601401 B2 JP4601401 B2 JP 4601401B2 JP 2004331653 A JP2004331653 A JP 2004331653A JP 2004331653 A JP2004331653 A JP 2004331653A JP 4601401 B2 JP4601401 B2 JP 4601401B2
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intake
bowl
exhaust
direct injection
injection engine
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JP2005195001A (en
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哲 豪 劉
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Hyundai Motor Co
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B23/10Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
    • F02B23/104Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the injector being placed on a side position of the cylinder
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/28Other pistons with specially-shaped head
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B23/10Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
    • F02B2023/106Tumble flow, i.e. the axis of rotation of the main charge flow motion is horizontal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/12Other methods of operation
    • F02B2075/125Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/48Tumble motion in gas movement in cylinder
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B31/00Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder
    • F02B31/08Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder having multiple air inlets
    • F02B31/085Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder having multiple air inlets having two inlet valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/241Cylinder heads specially adapted to pent roof shape of the combustion chamber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

本発明は直接噴射式エンジンに関し、より詳しくは、燃焼室に流入される吸気のタンブル流動を強化して、燃費改善はもちろん、出力を向上させ、冷始動時の排出ガスを低減させることができる直接噴射式エンジンに関する。   The present invention relates to a direct injection engine. More specifically, the tumble flow of intake air flowing into a combustion chamber can be enhanced to improve output as well as fuel efficiency, and to reduce exhaust gas during cold start. The present invention relates to a direct injection engine.

直接噴射式エンジンはガソリン燃料を燃焼室内に直接噴射して燃焼させるエンジンであり、一般的なガソリンエンジンとディーゼルエンジンの長所を合わせ持って、深刻化する地球環境問題に対して有害な排出ガスを少なくし、かつ燃費を良くするという社会の要求に応えるエンジンとして注目されている。   A direct injection engine is an engine that injects gasoline fuel directly into the combustion chamber and burns it. Combining the advantages of a general gasoline engine and a diesel engine, it emits harmful emissions to global environmental problems. It is attracting attention as an engine that meets the demands of society to reduce fuel consumption and improve fuel efficiency.

ガソリン噴射式エンジンの改善に関して、これまで、高圧補助燃料ポンプを必要としないで燃料を微小な液滴サイズで自動車エンジンのシリンダに送る燃料供給システム〔特許文献1参照〕、加圧雰囲気(絶対圧:0.5MPa)における噴霧の先端上端角を−10°〜10°の範囲に制御して空気流動の弱い条件においても燃料噴霧をプラグまで到達させることが出来、燃料を安定に燃焼させ、燃料効率の向上、燃費向上を図る燃料噴射装置の制御〔特許文献2参照〕、エンジンの回転数に応じて噴射方向を変更する噴射方向変更手段を備えて、エンジンの回転数に拘わらず、常に最適点火時期に点火を行うことができるようにした燃料噴射弁〔特許文献3参照〕、吸気バルブ及び排気バルブを駆動する動弁装置にバルブの開閉時期を可変制御する可変動弁機構、機関の負荷を検出する機関負荷検出手段、バルブ開閉時期制御手段によって行うバルブタイミング制御〔特許文献4参照〕など燃料噴射の面からの提案がある。   Regarding the improvement of a gasoline injection engine, a fuel supply system (see Patent Document 1) that sends fuel to a cylinder of an automobile engine in a minute droplet size without the need for a high-pressure auxiliary fuel pump until now, a pressurized atmosphere (absolute pressure) : The upper end angle of the tip of the spray at 0.5 MPa) is controlled in the range of −10 ° to 10 °, so that the fuel spray can reach the plug even under the condition of weak air flow, and the fuel can be stably burned and the fuel Control of the fuel injection device that improves efficiency and fuel efficiency (see Patent Document 2), equipped with injection direction changing means that changes the injection direction according to the engine speed, and is always optimal regardless of the engine speed A fuel injection valve (see Patent Document 3) that can be ignited at an ignition timing, and a valve operating device that drives an intake valve and an exhaust valve, the valve opening / closing timing is variably controlled. There are proposals from the aspect of fuel injection such as a variable valve mechanism to be controlled, engine load detection means for detecting engine load, and valve timing control performed by a valve opening / closing timing control means (see Patent Document 4).

また、シリンダヘッドの下面に突条を設け、スワールに対して乱れを与えることにより良好な燃焼を行う直接噴射式エンジンの燃焼室〔特許文献5参照〕、燃焼室の開口部を絞るリップ部を設けて燃焼ガスの流れに乱れを与え、拡散を促進し、空気利用率を高め、高負荷スモークを低減できるようにした燃焼室〔特許文献6参照〕、ピストン頂面上に凹溝を形成し、凹溝底部から点火栓に向って伸びる燃料案内溝により良好な着火と燃焼を行う燃焼室〔特許文献7参照〕など燃焼室側からの提案もある。   In addition, a protrusion is provided on the lower surface of the cylinder head, and a combustion chamber of a direct injection engine that performs good combustion by imparting disturbance to the swirl (see Patent Document 5), a lip portion that narrows the opening of the combustion chamber Combustion chamber (see Patent Document 6), which is provided to disturb the flow of combustion gas, promote diffusion, increase air utilization, and reduce high-load smoke. There is also a proposal from the combustion chamber side such as a combustion chamber (see Patent Document 7) that performs good ignition and combustion by a fuel guide groove extending from the bottom of the groove toward the spark plug.

本発明の出願人は、先に燃焼室に流入される吸気のタンブル流動を強化し、燃費改善、出力向上、冷始動時の排出ガス低減ができるガソリン直接噴射式エンジンを提案した〔特許文献8参照〕。この発明のガソリン直接噴射式エンジンは、図8〜10に示したように、シリンダーヘッド2の下面とシリンダー内のピストン8の上面とによって形成される燃焼室26と;燃焼室26のシリンダーヘッド2の両側に形成される吸気ポート10、排気ポート12に各々配置される吸気バルブ14、排気バルブ16と;燃焼室26のシリンダーヘッド2下面の中央部分に配置される点火プラグ46と;燃焼室26内に直接燃料を噴射する燃料噴射手段である燃料インジェクター36と;から構成されている。   The applicant of the present invention has previously proposed a gasoline direct injection engine capable of enhancing the tumble flow of the intake air flowing into the combustion chamber, improving fuel efficiency, improving output, and reducing exhaust gas during cold start [Patent Document 8]. reference〕. As shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the gasoline direct injection type engine of the present invention includes a combustion chamber 26 formed by the lower surface of the cylinder head 2 and the upper surface of the piston 8 in the cylinder; the cylinder head 2 of the combustion chamber 26. An intake port 10 formed on both sides of the engine, an intake valve 14 disposed on the exhaust port 12, and an exhaust valve 16; a spark plug 46 disposed on the center portion of the lower surface of the cylinder head 2 of the combustion chamber 26; And a fuel injector 36 which is a fuel injection means for directly injecting fuel into the inside.

ここで燃焼室26は、吸気バルブ側傾斜面28と排気バルブ側傾斜面30とによってペントルーフ形状に形成されるシリンダーヘッドの底面と、上記の吸気バルブ側傾斜面28及び排気バルブ側傾斜面30に各々対応する吸気バルブ側傾斜上面32と排気バルブ側傾斜上面34とによってペントルーフ形状に形成されたピストンの上側面との間に形成されている。そして、吸気バルブ側傾斜上面32と排気バルブ側傾斜上面34とによって形成されるペントルーフ形状の突出部分38に、中央部分から排気側に少し傾斜した状態で、吸気側へ次第に深くなる曲率を有する底面42からなるボウル40が形成される。   Here, the combustion chamber 26 includes a bottom surface of a cylinder head formed in a pent roof shape by the intake valve side inclined surface 28 and the exhaust valve side inclined surface 30, and the intake valve side inclined surface 28 and the exhaust valve side inclined surface 30. Each of the corresponding intake valve side inclined upper surface 32 and exhaust valve side inclined upper surface 34 is formed between upper surfaces of pistons formed in a pent roof shape. A pent roof-shaped protruding portion 38 formed by the intake valve side inclined upper surface 32 and the exhaust valve side inclined upper surface 34 has a curvature that gradually becomes deeper toward the intake side while being slightly inclined from the central portion to the exhaust side. A bowl 40 consisting of 42 is formed.

吸気ポート10は、下流端部分が上下に分離されて二つの流路を有するようにスプリットウォール18が配置され、上側流路20はタンブル流動になるようにし、下側流路22の入口部にはバルブ24が配置されて、エンジン制御ユニットによって選択的に制御される。   In the intake port 10, the split wall 18 is arranged so that the downstream end portion is separated into two parts and has two flow paths, the upper flow path 20 is tumble flowed, and the inlet port of the lower flow path 22 is arranged. The valve 24 is arranged and is selectively controlled by the engine control unit.

ボウル40は、平面から見ると排気側が広く吸気側が狭くなった台形で、底面42は排気側から吸気側は深くなだらかな下向に凹んだ曲面からなっている。吸気側ランプ部分44は垂直な状態に形成され、点火プラグ46は吸気ポート側からボウル40の上側に燃料を噴射することができるように配置されている。   The bowl 40 has a trapezoidal shape in which the exhaust side is wide and the intake side is narrow when viewed from a plane, and the bottom surface 42 is a curved surface that is deeply recessed downward from the exhaust side to the intake side. The intake side lamp portion 44 is formed in a vertical state, and the spark plug 46 is arranged so that fuel can be injected from the intake port side to the upper side of the bowl 40.

これにより、ピストン8が下降したとき、吸気が吸気ポート10の上側流路20からある程度強いタンブル流動を保有して燃焼室26に導入される。タンブル流動は、燃焼室26内で強く回転して、ピストン8が上昇したとき圧縮されて、ボウル40に沿ってさらに強く回転することになる。そして、排気側のボウル40の広い部分から吸気側の深くて狭い部分へ誘導されて、狭い部分で集中されると同時に、垂直に形成されたランプ部分44と衝突して急上昇し、点火プラグ46側に向って大きな流動を生成する。   As a result, when the piston 8 is lowered, the intake air is introduced into the combustion chamber 26 from the upper flow path 20 of the intake port 10 with a certain strong tumble flow. The tumble flow rotates strongly in the combustion chamber 26 and is compressed when the piston 8 rises and rotates more strongly along the bowl 40. And it is guided from the wide part of the bowl 40 on the exhaust side to the deep and narrow part on the intake side and concentrated at the narrow part, and at the same time, it collides with the lamp part 44 formed vertically and rises rapidly. Generates a large flow towards the side.

このような強いタンブル流動が生成される圧縮過程において、吸気側に噴射された燃料は、強いタンブル流動と互いに作用してピストン8のボウル40の底面42と衝突せずに強い吸入流動内で短時間内に気化された後、点火プラグ46の周囲に層状の混合気を形成して、点火プラグ46で点火された点火エネルギーによって燃焼が行われるようになるのである。   In the compression process in which such a strong tumble flow is generated, the fuel injected to the intake side interacts with the strong tumble flow and does not collide with the bottom surface 42 of the bowl 40 of the piston 8 and does not collide with the strong suction flow. After being vaporized in time, a layered mixture is formed around the spark plug 46 and combustion is performed by the ignition energy ignited by the spark plug 46.

しかし、前記の構造においては、ボウル40の空気流入部に曲面突出部50が形成されているので、タンブル流動の一部が吸気側方向へ誘導されずにその反対側に離脱する剥離現象が発生して、燃焼安定性に不利であり、噴射された燃料が曲面突出部50を越えてオイルと接触してカーボン堆積層を形成するという問題点がある(図10参照)。さらにボウル40は、側面部が上側に拡開され、平面で見ると台形で、ピストンヘッドの突出部分38の頂上の一部が平坦部分52に形成されていることから、タンブル流動の一部がボウル40の側面に沿って吸気側に誘導されずに側面を越えて離脱して吸気側に誘導されるタンブル流動の強度を低下させ、スカッシュ(Squish)流動を弱めて不完全燃焼の一つの原因になるという問題点がある(図10参照)。
また、両吸気バルブポケットの間が段差部分54によって区画されているので、カーボンが堆積され、火炎伝播時に妨害物として作用して、ノッキング発生の原因になるという問題点がある(図9参照)。
However, since the curved protrusion 50 is formed in the air inflow portion of the bowl 40 in the above-described structure, a separation phenomenon occurs in which a part of the tumble flow is not guided in the intake side direction but separated to the opposite side. Thus, there is a disadvantage in combustion stability, and there is a problem that the injected fuel passes over the curved protrusion 50 and comes into contact with oil to form a carbon deposit layer (see FIG. 10). Further, the bowl 40 has a side surface that is expanded upward, is trapezoidal when viewed in a plane, and a part of the top of the protruding portion 38 of the piston head is formed in the flat portion 52. One cause of incomplete combustion by reducing the strength of the tumble flow guided to the intake side without being guided to the intake side along the side surface of the bowl 40 and reducing the strength of the tumble flow induced to the intake side. (See FIG. 10).
Further, since the gap between the two intake valve pockets is defined by the step portion 54, carbon is deposited and acts as an obstruction during the propagation of the flame, causing knocking (see FIG. 9). .

特開2003−206830号公報JP 2003-206830 A 特開2004−036554号公報JP 2004-036554 A 特開平10−339244号公報JP 10-339244 A 特開2000−073803号公報JP 2000-0773803 A 特開平11−082026号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-082026 特開平11−036869号公報JP-A-11-036869 特開平4−166612号公報JP-A-4-166612 特開2003−120300号公報JP 2003-120300 A

上記の問題点に鑑み、本発明の主な目的は、タンブル流動をさらに強化して燃焼安定性を図り、燃焼時に火炎伝播を容易にすることにより、燃費改善はもちろんエンジン出力を向上させることができる直接噴射式エンジンを提供することにある。さらに、燃料の壁流を少くしてカーボンの堆積を少くし、炭化水素物の排出を抑制して排気ガスの発生を低減させることができる直接噴射式エンジンを提供することにある。   In view of the above-mentioned problems, the main object of the present invention is to improve the engine output as well as improve the fuel efficiency by further enhancing the tumble flow and improving the combustion stability and facilitating the flame propagation during combustion. It is to provide a direct injection engine that can be used. It is another object of the present invention to provide a direct injection type engine that can reduce the generation of exhaust gas by reducing the wall flow of fuel to reduce carbon deposition and suppressing the emission of hydrocarbons.

上記目的を達すべく本発明の直接噴射式エンジンは、ペントルーフ形状に形成されたシリンダーヘッドの底面と、シリンダーヘッドの底面の形状に対応するペントルーフ形状の突出部を有するピストンヘッドの上面との間に形成される燃焼室とシリンダーヘッドに形成された吸気ポート及び排気ポートのそれぞれに配置された吸気バルブ及び排気バルブとシリンダーヘッドに配置された点火プラグと燃焼室内に直接燃料を噴射する燃料インジェクターとを含んでなる直接噴射式エンジンにおいて、ピストンヘッドの突出部は、シリンダーの中心軸から排気側に偏心して形成され、突出部には、クランクシャフトの軸線方向と直交する方向に凹んだボウルが形成され、ボウルは、排気側が開放されているとともに、排気側の幅が吸気側の幅より広く、両側面が外側に凹んだ球面状に形成されボウルの底面排気側から吸気側へ次第に深くなる傾斜面を含んで成り、ボウルの前記傾斜面とピストンヘッドの平坦面との境界を成す前記傾斜面の排気側先端部分は、前記突出部がピストンヘッドの前記平坦面から起ち上がる部位である排気バルブ側傾斜上面の開始部より吸気側に位置しピストンヘッドの前記平坦面とスムースな曲面で連なっており、吸気ポートは、吸気がボウルの排気側部分に向かって流入するように形成されている。 In order to achieve the above object, the direct injection engine of the present invention is provided between a bottom surface of a cylinder head formed in a pent roof shape and a top surface of a piston head having a pent roof-shaped protrusion corresponding to the shape of the bottom surface of the cylinder head. a combustion chamber formed, fuel injection and the intake and exhaust valves arranged in respective intake and exhaust ports formed in the cylinder head, an ignition plug disposed in the cylinder head, a fuel directly into a combustion chamber in a direct injection engine comprising a injector, the protrusion of the piston head is formed eccentrically to the exhaust side from the central axis of the cylinder, the protrusion recessed in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the crankshaft A bowl is formed, the bowl is open on the exhaust side and the width on the exhaust side is on the intake side Wider than the width, both sides are formed in a spherical shape recessed on the outside, the bottom of the bowl Ri comprises an inclined surface gradually deeper from the exhaust side to the intake side, the inclined surface of the bowl and the flat surface of the piston head and the The exhaust-side tip portion of the inclined surface that forms the boundary is located on the intake side from the start portion of the exhaust valve-side inclined upper surface where the protruding portion rises from the flat surface of the piston head, and the flat surface of the piston head The intake port is formed so that the intake air flows toward the exhaust side portion of the bowl.

ボウルは、ピストンヘッドの突出部内に形成され、ボウルの両側面は、上側部分が拡開された形状に形成され、ボウルの両側面は、全体的に曲線からなり、ボウルの吸気側ランプ部分は、上側が拡開される形状に形成されることが好ましい。 Bowl is formed in the projecting portion of the piston head, both sides of the bowl is formed in a shape in which the upper part is expanded, both sides of the bowl, generally consists curve, the intake-side ramp portion of the ball ur Is preferably formed in a shape in which the upper side is expanded.

ピストンヘッドの突出部の頂上部分は、曲面でなり、ピストンヘッドの突出部の吸気バルブ側傾斜上面には、吸気バルブポケットが凹んだ形状で形成されることが好ましく、吸気バルブポケットは、燃焼室が全ての吸気バルブを収容することができるように単一溝から形成されることが好ましい。 Top portion of the projecting portion of the piston head is made of a curved surface, the intake valve side inclined upper surface of the projecting portion of the piston head is preferably formed in recessed intake valve pocket shape, the intake valve pocket, a combustion chamber Is preferably formed from a single groove so that all intake valves can be accommodated.

吸気ポートは、スプリットウォールが配置され、スプリットウォールの上側流路はタンブル流路になるようにし、スプリットウォールの下側流路の入口部には下側流路を選択的に開閉するバルブが配置されることが好ましい。   The intake port has a split wall, the upper flow path of the split wall is a tumble flow path, and a valve that selectively opens and closes the lower flow path is placed at the inlet of the lower flow path of the split wall It is preferred that

本発明によれば、ボウルの排気側の底面がピストンヘッドの上面とスムーズな曲面で連ながることにより、タンブル流動が乱れず、ボウル側に自然に誘導されて強いタンブル流動を助長し、噴射された燃料が強いタンブル流動によってボウル側に誘導されて吸気と混合されて排気側で燃料がオイルと接触してカーボン堆積層を生成するのを防止することができる。   According to the present invention, the bottom surface of the bowl on the exhaust side is connected to the top surface of the piston head with a smooth curved surface, so that the tumble flow is not disturbed and is naturally induced to the bowl side to promote a strong tumble flow, The injected fuel is guided to the bowl side by strong tumble flow and mixed with the intake air to prevent the fuel from coming into contact with the oil on the exhaust side to form a carbon deposit layer.

そして、ボウルの排気側が吸入側より広く形成されて側面部が曲面からなることで、タンブル流動がボウルの吸気側に誘導される時に乱れず大部分がランプ部分に集中することによって、強いタンブル流動が出来、燃料の燃焼効率を上げることができる。
また、吸気バルブポケットを一つの凹んだ形状にすることにより、カーボン堆積の原因が解消して、点火時の火炎伝播の妨害物が除去され、燃焼効率を上げることができる。
このような作用で燃料インジェクターから噴射された燃料がピストンのボウル面に衝突せずに圧縮空気上で急速に完全に気化されることによって、カーボンの生成、炭化水素物の排出を低減させることができる。
And, because the exhaust side of the bowl is wider than the suction side and the side part is curved, the tumble flow is not disturbed when induced to the intake side of the bowl, and most of it concentrates on the ramp part, so strong tumble flow It is possible to improve the fuel combustion efficiency.
In addition, by making the intake valve pocket into one concave shape, the cause of carbon deposition is eliminated, obstructions of flame propagation during ignition are removed, and combustion efficiency can be increased.
With this action, the fuel injected from the fuel injector is rapidly and completely vaporized on the compressed air without colliding with the bowl surface of the piston, thereby reducing the generation of carbon and the emission of hydrocarbons. it can.

以下、添付した図面を参照しつつ本発明を詳細に説明する。尚、以下の実施の形態は、本発明を説明するための例であって、本発明を制限するものではない。
図1は、本発明の実施例によるエンジンの内部を示した縦断面図である。エンジン本体は、シリンダーヘッド102とシリンダーブロック104から構成され、シリンダーブロック104にはシリンダー106が形成され、ピストン108が上下にスライド可能に配置される。
シリンダーヘッド102には、吸気ポート110、排気ポート112が形成される。吸気ポート110と排気ポート112の個数は、適用される吸気バルブ114及び排気バルブ116の個数によって異なる。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are examples for explaining the present invention, and do not limit the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the inside of an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention. The engine body includes a cylinder head 102 and a cylinder block 104. A cylinder 106 is formed in the cylinder block 104, and a piston 108 is slidably arranged up and down.
An intake port 110 and an exhaust port 112 are formed in the cylinder head 102. The number of intake ports 110 and exhaust ports 112 varies depending on the number of intake valves 114 and exhaust valves 116 to be applied.

吸気ポート110には長さ方向の中間部にスプリットウォール118が配置されて、上側流路120及び下側流路122に分離されている。下側流路122の入口部には下側流路122を開閉することができるバルブ124が配置されている。バルブ124は、好ましくはエンジン制御ユニット(図示してない)によって制御される駆動モータ(図示してない)によって作動される。これにより、バルブ124は、エンジンの運転条件によるエンジン制御ユニットの制御によって開閉が行われ、稀薄燃焼運転である場合にはバルブ124が閉鎖され、吸気は上側流路120を通じてのみタンブル流動状態で燃焼室126に導入される。   A split wall 118 is disposed in the middle portion in the length direction of the intake port 110 and is separated into an upper flow path 120 and a lower flow path 122. A valve 124 that can open and close the lower flow path 122 is disposed at the inlet of the lower flow path 122. Valve 124 is actuated by a drive motor (not shown), preferably controlled by an engine control unit (not shown). As a result, the valve 124 is opened and closed by the control of the engine control unit according to the operating condition of the engine, the valve 124 is closed in the case of the lean combustion operation, and the intake air burns in the tumble flow state only through the upper flow path 120. It is introduced into the chamber 126.

燃焼室126は、シリンダーヘッド102の底面とピストン108ヘッドの上面との間に形成される空間である。具体的には、シリンダーヘッド102の底面は、シリンダー106の中心軸線(CB)及びクランクシャフト(図示せず)の軸線を含む仮想平面(CK)において、排気側に一定の距離(λ)だけ偏心された位置を中心に、一側に吸気バルブ側傾斜面128が形成され、他側に排気バルブ側傾斜面130が形成される。これにより、燃焼室126は全体的にペントルーフ形状(家の屋根の形)になる。   The combustion chamber 126 is a space formed between the bottom surface of the cylinder head 102 and the top surface of the piston 108 head. Specifically, the bottom surface of the cylinder head 102 is eccentric by a certain distance (λ) toward the exhaust side in a virtual plane (CK) including the central axis (CB) of the cylinder 106 and the axis of the crankshaft (not shown). The intake valve side inclined surface 128 is formed on one side, and the exhaust valve side inclined surface 130 is formed on the other side, centering on the position. Thereby, the combustion chamber 126 becomes a pent roof shape (the shape of a house roof) as a whole.

ピストン108ヘッドの上面は、吸気バルブ側傾斜面128及び排気バルブ側傾斜面130それぞれに対応して吸気バルブ側傾斜上面132及び排気バルブ側傾斜上面134が形成され、これも全体的にペントルーフ形状となる。従って吸気バルブ側傾斜上面132と排気バルブ側傾斜上面134、及びシリンダーヘッド102の吸気バルブ側傾斜面128と排気バルブ側傾斜面130との間に燃焼室126が形成されることになる。   The upper surface of the piston 108 head is formed with an intake valve side inclined upper surface 132 and an exhaust valve side inclined upper surface 134 corresponding to the intake valve side inclined surface 128 and the exhaust valve side inclined surface 130, respectively. Become. Therefore, the combustion chamber 126 is formed between the intake valve side inclined upper surface 132 and the exhaust valve side inclined upper surface 134 and between the intake valve side inclined surface 128 and the exhaust valve side inclined surface 130 of the cylinder head 102.

シリンダーヘッド102の吸気ポート110が形成される側には、燃料を燃焼室126に供給するための燃料インジェクター136が配置され、これはエンジン制御ユニットによって制御されて所定の噴射時点で燃焼室126の内部に燃料を直接噴射できるようになっている。   A fuel injector 136 for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber 126 is disposed on the side of the cylinder head 102 where the intake port 110 is formed. This fuel injector 136 is controlled by the engine control unit so that the combustion chamber 126 has a predetermined injection time. Fuel can be directly injected into the interior.

図2にはピストン108の斜視図、図3には要部断面図、図4には平面図を示した。
吸気バルブ側傾斜上面132と排気バルブ側傾斜上面134からなるペントルーフ形状の突出部138の頂上部分は、一定の曲率の曲面となり、中央部分にはクランクシャフトの軸線方向と直交する方向に凹んだ形状で形成されるボウル140が形成されている。ボウル140は、図4に示されているように上から見るとほぼ楕円形または両辺が直線でない所定の曲率を有する曲線形状台形からなり、長軸方向がクランクシャフトの軸線方向と直交する方向に位置している。ボウル140は、排気側端部が開放されて、かつ全体的に排気側が吸気側より幅が広く吸気バルブ側に徐々に狭くなる形状で、これにより吸気が円滑にボウル140内に流入されるようになる。
2 is a perspective view of the piston 108, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the main part, and FIG. 4 is a plan view.
The top portion of the pent roof-shaped protrusion 138 composed of the intake valve side inclined upper surface 132 and the exhaust valve side inclined upper surface 134 has a curved surface with a constant curvature, and the central portion is recessed in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the crankshaft. A bowl 140 is formed. As shown in FIG. 4, the bowl 140 is substantially oval when viewed from above or a curved trapezoid having a predetermined curvature that is not straight on both sides, and the major axis direction is in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the crankshaft. positioned. The bowl 140 has an open end on the exhaust side and a shape in which the exhaust side is wider than the intake side and gradually narrows toward the intake valve, so that the intake air smoothly flows into the bowl 140. become.

ボウル140の底面142は、排気側から吸気側に一定の角度(約12゜程度)で下向きに傾く傾斜面となり、傾斜面の排気側部分は、突出部の排気バルブ側傾斜上面134の開始部144から傾斜面側に多少進入した部分でピストン108ヘッド面146とスムーズな曲面で連ながっている。これにより、タンブル流動が乱れずに自然にボウル140側に誘導されると共に、噴射された燃料が排気側のシリンダー壁側に流れてオイルと接触してカーボン堆積層を生成するのを防止ことができる。   The bottom surface 142 of the bowl 140 is an inclined surface inclined downward at a certain angle (about 12 °) from the exhaust side to the intake side, and the exhaust side portion of the inclined surface is a start portion of the exhaust valve side inclined upper surface 134 of the protruding portion. A portion that slightly enters the inclined surface side from 144 is connected to the piston 108 head surface 146 by a smooth curved surface. As a result, the tumble flow is naturally guided to the bowl 140 side without being disturbed, and the injected fuel is prevented from flowing to the cylinder wall side on the exhaust side and coming into contact with oil to form a carbon deposit layer. it can.

ボウル140の両側面は、上側に拡開される形状(つまり、ボウルの幅が上方向へ次第に大きくなる形状)であり、ボウル140から突出部138に凹んだ一定の曲率を有する曲面部からなって、ボウル140に誘導されるタンブル流動がその側面部に沿って流れ、外側へ離脱するのを少くすることができる。   Both side surfaces of the bowl 140 have a shape that expands upward (that is, a shape in which the width of the bowl gradually increases upward), and includes curved surface portions having a certain curvature that are recessed from the bowl 140 into the protruding portion 138. Thus, the tumble flow guided to the bowl 140 flows along the side surface portion thereof, and can be less separated from the outside.

ボウル140の吸気側端を形成するランプ部分148は、上側が吸気側に多少拡開されるように約5゜程度傾斜させた垂直に近い壁である。そして、ランプ部分148は、吸気バルブ側傾斜上面132の開始部から少し排気側に寄った位置に形成され、吸気バルブ側傾斜上面132の上側部には吸気バルブポケット150が凹んだ形状で形成される。   The ramp portion 148 that forms the intake side end of the bowl 140 is a nearly vertical wall that is inclined by about 5 ° so that the upper side is slightly expanded toward the intake side. The ramp portion 148 is formed at a position slightly closer to the exhaust side from the start portion of the intake valve side inclined upper surface 132, and the intake valve pocket 150 is formed in a recessed shape on the upper portion of the intake valve side inclined upper surface 132. The

吸気バルブポケット150は、オーバーラップ区間等で吸気バルブ114とピストン108とが互いに衝突するのを未然に防止するためにある。本発明では、全ての吸気バルブ114が収容されることができるように単一溝から形成されることにより、従来のようにポケットとポケットとの間の段差がなくなり、カーボン堆積を未然に防止することができる。   The intake valve pocket 150 is provided to prevent the intake valve 114 and the piston 108 from colliding with each other in an overlap section or the like. In the present invention, by forming from a single groove so that all intake valves 114 can be accommodated, there is no step between pockets as in the prior art, and carbon deposition is prevented in advance. be able to.

次に、燃焼室内における吸気と燃料の流れについて説明する。図5は、本発明の実施の形態におけるエンジンでの圧縮行程における吸気の流動状態を示す図面であり、図6はエンジンでの燃料噴射過程、そして図7はエンジンの燃焼室内での混合気の流動状態を示す図面である。   Next, the flow of intake air and fuel in the combustion chamber will be described. FIG. 5 is a view showing a flow state of intake air in a compression stroke in the engine according to the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 6 is a fuel injection process in the engine, and FIG. 7 is a mixture flow in the combustion chamber of the engine. It is drawing which shows a fluid state.

ピストン108が下降したとき、吸気が吸気ポート110の上側流路120を通過してある程度強いタンブル流動を保有したまま燃焼室126に導入される。この時、タンブル流動は、燃焼室126内で強く回転して、圧縮過程で上昇するピストン108によって圧縮され、図5のようにボウル140に沿ってさらに強く回転するようになる。つまり、ボウル140排気側の広い部分から吸気側の深くて狭い部分へ誘導されて集中すると同時に、垂直ないし略垂直に形成されたランプ部分148にぶつかり急上昇し、点火プラグ152の近くでさらに大きな流動を作り出す。   When the piston 108 descends, the intake air passes through the upper flow path 120 of the intake port 110 and is introduced into the combustion chamber 126 while maintaining a strong tumble flow. At this time, the tumble flow rotates strongly in the combustion chamber 126 and is compressed by the piston 108 that rises in the compression process, and rotates more strongly along the bowl 140 as shown in FIG. That is, it is guided and concentrated from a wide part on the exhaust side of the bowl 140 to a deep and narrow part on the intake side, and at the same time, it suddenly rises against the lamp part 148 formed vertically or substantially vertically, and further flows near the spark plug 152. To produce.

このような強いタンブル流動が作り出される圧縮過程において、燃料インジェクター136が、ボウル140の吸気バルブ側上側部分に燃料を噴射することができれば、噴射された燃料は、図6のように強いタンブル流動と互いに作用してボウル140の底面142に衝突せずに短時間内に気化して、図7のように点火プラグ152周囲に層状の混合気となって移動する。点火プラグ152側に移動した混合気は、点化プラグ152で点火された点火エネルギーによって燃焼が行われるようになるのである。   If the fuel injector 136 can inject fuel into the upper portion of the bowl 140 on the intake valve side in the compression process in which such a strong tumble flow is created, the injected fuel has a strong tumble flow as shown in FIG. It interacts with each other, vaporizes within a short time without colliding with the bottom surface 142 of the bowl 140, and moves as a layered mixture around the spark plug 152 as shown in FIG. The air-fuel mixture that has moved to the spark plug 152 side is combusted by the ignition energy ignited by the spotting plug 152.

本発明の実施例によるエンジンの内部を示した縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed the inside of the engine by the Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例によるエンジンのピストンの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the piston of the engine by the Example of this invention. 図2のピストンの要部断面図である。It is principal part sectional drawing of the piston of FIG. 図2のピストンの平面図である。It is a top view of the piston of FIG. 本発明の実施例によるエンジンでの圧縮行程の状態を示す図面である。3 is a view showing a state of a compression stroke in an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施例によるエンジンでの燃料噴射過程を示す図面である。1 is a diagram illustrating a fuel injection process in an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施例によるエンジンの燃焼室内での混合気の流動状態を示す図面である。3 is a view showing a flow state of an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber of an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention. 従来の直接噴射式エンジンの内部を模式的に示す図面である。It is drawing which shows typically the inside of the conventional direct injection type engine. 図8のエンジンのピストンの斜視図である。。It is a perspective view of the piston of the engine of FIG. . 図9のピストンの要部断面図である。It is principal part sectional drawing of the piston of FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

2; シリンダーヘッド
8; ピストン
10; 吸気ポート
12; 排気ポート
14; 吸気バルブ
16; 排気バルブ
18; スプリットウォール
20; 上側流路
22; 下側流路
24; バルブ
26; 燃焼室
28; 吸気バルブ側傾斜面
30; 排気バルブ側傾斜面
32; 吸気バルブ側傾斜上面
34; 排気バルブ側傾斜上面
36; 燃料インジェクター
38; 突出部分
40; ボウル
42; 底面
44; 吸気側ランプ部分
46; 点火プラグ
50; 曲面突出部
52; 平坦部分
54; 段差部分
102; シリンダーヘッド
104; シリンダーブロック
106; シリンダー
108; ピストン
110; 吸気ポート
112; 排気ポート
114; 吸気バルブ
116; 排気バルブ
118; スプリットウォール
120; 上側流路
122; 下側流路
124; バルブ
126; 燃焼室
128; 吸気バルブ側傾斜面
130; 排気バルブ側傾斜面
132; 吸気バルブ側傾斜上面
134; 排気バルブ側傾斜上面
136; 燃料インジェクター
138; ペントルーフ形状の突出部
140; ボウル
142; 底面
144; (ピストンヘッド面上排気バルブ側傾斜面の)開始部
146; ピストンヘッド面
148; 吸気側端を形成するランプ部分
150; 吸気バルブポケット
2; Cylinder head 8; Piston 10; Intake port 12; Exhaust port 14; Intake valve 16; Exhaust valve 18; Split wall 20; Upper passage 22; Lower passage 24; Valve 26; Combustion chamber 28; Inclined surface 30; Exhaust valve side inclined surface 32; Intake valve side inclined upper surface 34; Exhaust valve side inclined upper surface 36; Fuel injector 38; Projection portion 40; Bowl 42; Bottom surface 44; Intake side lamp portion 46; Spark plug 50; Projection 52; Flat portion 54; Stepped portion 102; Cylinder head 104; Cylinder block 106; Cylinder 108; Piston 110; Intake port 112; Exhaust port 114; Intake valve 116; Exhaust valve 118; Split wall 120; ; Side flow path 124; Valve 126; Combustion chamber 128; Intake valve side inclined surface 130; Exhaust valve side inclined surface 132; Intake valve side inclined upper surface 134; Exhaust valve side inclined upper surface 136; Fuel injector 138; Bowl 142; bottom surface 144; starting portion 146; piston head surface 148; ramp portion forming intake side end 150; intake valve pocket

Claims (8)

ペントルーフ形状に形成されたシリンダーヘッドの底面と、前記シリンダーヘッドの底面の形状に対応するペントルーフ形状の突出部を有するピストンヘッドの上面との間に形成される燃焼室と
前記シリンダーヘッドに形成された吸気ポート及び排気ポートのそれぞれに配置された吸気バルブ及び排気バルブと
前記シリンダーヘッドに配置された点火プラグと
前記燃焼室内に直接燃料を噴射する燃料インジェクターとを含んでなる直接噴射式エンジンにおいて、
前記ピストンヘッドの突出部は、シリンダーの中心軸から排気側に偏心して形成され、
前記突出部には、クランクシャフトの軸線方向と直交する方向に凹んだボウルが形成され、
前記ボウルは、排気側が開放されているとともに、排気側の幅が吸気側の幅より広く、両側面が外側に凹んだ球面状に形成され
前記ボウルの底面排気側から吸気側へ次第に深くなる傾斜面を含んで成り、ボウルの前記傾斜面とピストンヘッドの平坦面との境界を成す前記傾斜面の排気側先端部分は、前記突出部がピストンヘッドの前記平坦面から起ち上がる部位である排気バルブ側傾斜上面の開始部より吸気側に位置し前記ピストンヘッドの前記平坦面とスムースな曲面で連なっており、
前記吸気ポートは、吸気が前記ボウルの排気側部分に向かって流入するように形成されることを特徴とする直接噴射式エンジン。
A combustion chamber formed between a bottom surface of the cylinder head formed in a pent roof shape and a top surface of a piston head having a pent roof shape protrusion corresponding to the shape of the bottom surface of the cylinder head ;
An intake valve and an exhaust valve disposed in each of the intake port and the exhaust port formed in the cylinder head ;
A spark plug disposed on the cylinder head ;
In a direct injection engine comprising a fuel injector for injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber,
The protruding portion of the piston head is formed eccentric from the central axis of the cylinder to the exhaust side,
The protrusion is formed with a bowl recessed in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the crankshaft,
The bowl is formed in a spherical shape with the exhaust side open, the exhaust side width wider than the intake side width, and both side surfaces recessed outwards,
Bottom of the bowl Ri comprises an inclined surface gradually becomes deeper from the exhaust side to the intake side, the exhaust-side tip portion of the inclined surface forming the boundary between the inclined surface and the flat surface of the piston head of the bowl, said protrusion The part is located on the intake side from the start part of the exhaust valve side inclined upper surface which is a part rising from the flat surface of the piston head, and is connected to the flat surface of the piston head by a smooth curved surface,
The direct injection engine, wherein the intake port is formed such that intake air flows toward an exhaust side portion of the bowl.
前記ボウルの両側面は、上側部分が拡開された形状に形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の直接噴射式エンジン。   The direct injection engine according to claim 1, wherein both side surfaces of the bowl are formed in a shape in which an upper portion is expanded. 前記ボウルの両側面は、全体的に曲線からなることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の直接噴射式エンジン。 3. The direct injection engine according to claim 1, wherein both side surfaces of the bowl are entirely curved. 前記ボウルの吸気側には、上側が拡開される形状にランプ部分が形成されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の直接噴射式エンジン。 The direct injection engine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a ramp portion is formed on the intake side of the bowl so that the upper side is expanded. 前記ピストンヘッドの突出部の頂上部分は、曲面でなることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の直接噴射式エンジン。 The direct injection engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a top portion of the protruding portion of the piston head is a curved surface. 前記ピストンヘッドの突出部の吸気バルブ側傾斜上面には、吸気バルブポケットが凹んだ形状に形成されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の直接噴射式エンジン。 The direct injection engine according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein an intake valve pocket is formed in a recessed shape on an intake valve side inclined upper surface of the projecting portion of the piston head. 前記吸気バルブポケットは、前記燃焼室が全ての吸気バルブを収容することができるように単一溝から形成されることを特徴とする請求項に記載の直接噴射式エンジン。 7. The direct injection engine according to claim 6 , wherein the intake valve pocket is formed from a single groove so that the combustion chamber can accommodate all intake valves. 前記吸気ポートは、スプリットウォールが配置され、前記スプリットウォールの上側流路はタンブル流路になるようにし、前記スプリットウォールの下側流路の入口部には前記下側流路を選択的に開閉するバルブが配置されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の直接噴射式エンジン。 The intake port is provided with a split wall, the upper flow path of the split wall is a tumble flow path, and the lower flow path is selectively opened and closed at the inlet of the lower flow path of the split wall The direct injection type engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a valve is disposed.
JP2004331653A 2003-12-30 2004-11-16 Direct injection engine Expired - Fee Related JP4601401B2 (en)

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