JP4591988B2 - Swash plate compressor - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a swash plate compressor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A cylinder block having a plurality of cylinder bores, a front housing attached to one end face of the cylinder block to form a crank chamber, and a suction chamber and a discharge chamber attached to the other end face of the cylinder block via a valve plate A cylinder head to be formed; a drive shaft extending in the crank chamber and supported rotatably by the front housing and the cylinder block; a swash plate coupled to the drive shaft so as to rotate in synchronization with the drive shaft; A piston that reciprocates in the cylinder bore as the plate rotates, a suction valve that controls the flow of refrigerant gas from the suction chamber to the cylinder bore, and a discharge valve that controls the flow of refrigerant gas from the cylinder bore to the discharge chamber The provided swash plate compressor is widely used for automobile air conditioners and the like.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The swash plate compressor having the above configuration has the following problems.
1. The suction chamber functions as a manifold that divides and supplies gas to each cylinder bore, and also functions as a silencer that reduces the pressure fluctuation of the suction gas generated in the suction process and reduces the noise accompanying the pressure fluctuation. Conventionally, the volume of the suction chamber is insufficient, and the suction chamber has not functioned sufficiently as a silencer.
2. Since the intake valve is opened and closed only by the differential pressure between the internal pressure of the intake chamber and the internal pressure of the cylinder bore, a time lag occurs between the reciprocating sliding of the piston and the open / close operation of the intake valve, and the intake efficiency tends to decrease. .
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a swash plate compressor having a suction chamber sufficiently functioning as a silencer and having high suction efficiency.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, a cylinder block in which a plurality of cylinder bores are formed, a front housing attached to one end surface of the cylinder block to form a crank chamber, and a cylinder block through a valve plate A cylinder head that is attached to the other end surface and forms a suction chamber and a discharge chamber, a drive shaft that extends in the crank chamber and is rotatably supported by the front housing and the cylinder block, and rotates in synchronization with the drive shaft A swash plate connected to the drive shaft, a piston that reciprocates in the cylinder bore as the swash plate rotates, a suction valve that controls the flow of refrigerant gas from the suction chamber to the cylinder bore, and a discharge chamber from the cylinder bore a swash plate type compressor and a discharge valve for controlling the flow of refrigerant gas to the piston is a cylindrical body, of the cylindrical body Space forms a second suction chamber which communicates with the suction chamber which cylinder head is formed, providing a suction valve swash plate type compressor, characterized by controlling the flow of refrigerant gas into the cylinder bores from the second suction chamber To do.
In the swash plate compressor according to the present invention, since the second suction chamber is formed in the piston head in addition to the suction chamber formed by the cylinder head, the volume of the suction chamber is larger than the conventional one. Therefore, the suction chamber of the swash plate compressor according to the present invention functions sufficiently as a silencer.
[0005]
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the suction chamber formed by the cylinder head is formed at a central portion in the radial direction of the cylinder head, the suction chamber extends to the cylinder block, and the communication passage extending radially is formed in the cylinder block. Through the second suction chamber .
If the suction chamber formed by the cylinder head extends to the cylinder block, the volume of the suction chamber increases and the function of the suction chamber as a silencer is improved.
[0006]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the suction valve engages with the piston with a predetermined play in the reciprocating sliding direction of the piston, reciprocates within the cylinder bore following the piston, and the bottom dead center of the piston. In the vicinity and in the vicinity of the top dead center, the piston moves reciprocally in the range of play in the reciprocating sliding direction of the piston to open and close the suction hole formed in the piston.
Since the suction valve moves relative to the piston within the range of play to open and close the suction hole formed in the piston, the time lag between the reciprocating sliding of the piston and the opening and closing operation of the suction valve is reduced compared to the conventional one, The inhalation efficiency is higher than before.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A swash plate compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The swash plate compressor 100 includes a cylinder block 2 in which a plurality of cylinder bores 1 are formed, a front housing 4 that is attached to one end surface of the cylinder block 2 to form a crank chamber 3, and a cylinder block 2 through a valve plate 5. And a cylinder head 8 that forms a first suction chamber 6 and a discharge chamber 7. The first suction chamber 6 communicates with a suction port (not shown), and the discharge chamber 7 communicates with a discharge port (not shown). The first suction chamber 6 extends through the valve plate 5 to the cylinder block 2.
[0008]
The swash plate compressor 100 further includes a drive shaft 9 that extends parallel to the extending direction of the cylinder bore 1 in the crank chamber 3 and is rotatably supported by the front housing 4 and the cylinder block 2. One end of the drive shaft 9 extends through the front housing 4 and out of the front housing 4. An electromagnetic clutch 10 is attached to the front housing 4.
A rotor 11 disposed in the crank chamber 3 is fixed to the drive shaft 9. The rotor 11 is supported by the front housing 4 in the extending direction of the drive shaft 9.
[0009]
A swash plate 12 is externally fitted to the drive shaft 9 so as to be slidable in the extending direction of the drive shaft 9 and to change the tilt angle with respect to the drive shaft 9. The swash plate 12 is connected to the rotor 11 through a link mechanism so as not to be relatively rotatable. Between the swash plate 12 and the rotor 11, a coil spring (not shown) that is fitted to the drive shaft 9 is disposed.
[0010]
A pair of sliding shoes 13 are slidably in contact with the peripheral edge of the swash plate 12 with the swash plate 12 interposed therebetween. A plurality of pairs of sliding shoes 13 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction. Each pair of sliding shoes 13 is slidably held by a piston rod 14. Each piston rod 14 extends toward the cylinder block 2 and forms a piston 15 slidably inserted into the corresponding cylinder bore 1.
[0011]
A circumferential groove 16 is formed in each cylinder bore 1. A communication passage 17 extending from the first suction chamber 6 to the circumferential groove 16 is formed in the cylinder block 2. A second suction chamber 18 is formed in the piston 15. A plurality of through holes 19 communicating with the second suction chamber 18 are formed in the side wall of the piston 15. A plurality of suction holes 20 are formed in the end wall of the piston 15.
A shallow bottomed cylindrical suction valve 21 is slidably inserted into the cylinder bore 1. The suction valve 21 is fitted on the end of the piston 15. A circular hole 22 is formed in the center of the bottom wall of the suction valve 21. A peripheral claw 24 that can be engaged with a peripheral claw 23 formed at the end of the piston 15 is formed at the end of the peripheral wall of the intake valve 21. A slight play α is formed in the extending direction of the piston 15 between the circumferential claw 23 and the circumferential claw 24. The sliding resistance between the suction valve 21 and the cylinder bore 1 is set to a value larger than the sliding resistance between the suction valve 21 and the piston 15.
[0012]
A discharge hole 25 is formed in the valve plate 5 so as to face each cylinder bore 1. A discharge valve 26 that opens and closes the discharge hole 25 is attached to the valve plate 5.
The discharge chamber 7 and the crank chamber 3 communicate with each other via an orifice (not shown). The first suction chamber 6 and the crank chamber 3 communicate with each other via a communication path (not shown). An on-off valve (not shown) is disposed in the communication path.
[0013]
In the swash plate compressor 100, the drive shaft 9 is rotationally driven by an external drive source (not shown) via the electromagnetic clutch 10. As the drive shaft 9 rotates, the rotor 11 rotates and the swash plate 12 further rotates. As the swash plate 12 rotates, the sliding shoe 13 reciprocates in the extending direction of the drive shaft 9 while sliding on the periphery of the swash plate 12, and the piston rod 14 sandwiching the sliding shoe 13 extends the drive shaft 9. The piston 15 formed at one end of the piston rod 14 reciprocates in the extending direction of the cylinder bore 1 by reciprocating in the existing direction.
[0014]
When the piston 15 is at the top dead center, as can be seen from the upper stage of FIG. 1, the end surface of the piston 15 is in contact with the suction valve 21, and the suction hole 20 is closed by the suction valve 21. There is play α between the peripheral claw 23 and the peripheral claw 24.
When the piston 15 starts moving from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, the sliding resistance between the suction valve 21 and the cylinder bore is larger than the sliding resistance between the suction valve 21 and the piston 15, so that the piston 15 sucks. It moves relative to the valve 21 in the direction of the bottom dead center, the end face of the piston 15 is separated from the suction valve 21, and the suction hole 20 is opened. When the piston 15 moves relative to the suction valve 21 by a slight amount of play α, the peripheral claw 23 engages with the peripheral claw 24, and the relative movement ends.
[0015]
The piston 15 and the suction valve 21 are integrally moved toward the bottom dead center of the piston 15. A circumferential groove 16 of the cylinder bore communicates with the through hole 19 of the piston 15, and the first suction chamber 6 communicates with the second suction chamber 18 through the communication path 17, the circumferential groove 16, and the through hole 19. A negative pressure is formed in the cylinder bore 1 as the piston moves.
The gas that has flowed into the first suction chamber 6 through the suction port flows into the second suction chamber 18 through the communication path 17, the circumferential groove 16, and the through hole 19, and passes through the suction hole 20 and the circular hole 22. Is sucked into the cylinder bore 1 having a negative pressure.
[0016]
When the piston that has reached the bottom dead center starts to move toward the top dead center, the sliding resistance between the suction valve 21 and the cylinder bore is larger than the sliding resistance between the suction valve 21 and the piston 15, so that the piston 15 It moves relative to the suction valve 21 in the direction of top dead center. When the piston 15 moves relative to the suction valve 21 by a slight play α, the end face of the piston 15 comes into contact with the suction valve 21, the suction hole 21 is closed by the suction valve 21, and the relative movement ends.
The piston 15 and the suction valve 21 are moved together toward the top dead center of the piston 15. The gas in the cylinder bore 1 is compressed. When the piston 15 approaches top dead center, the communication between the circumferential groove 16 of the cylinder bore and the through hole 19 of the piston 15 is blocked. The compressed gas is discharged to the discharge chamber 7 through the discharge hole 25 and the discharge valve 25, and flows out of the swash plate compressor through a discharge port (not shown).
[0017]
High-pressure gas is introduced from the discharge chamber 7 to the crank chamber 3 through an orifice (not shown), and gas in the crank chamber is discharged to the suction chamber 6 through a communication path (not shown) and an opening / closing valve. The internal pressure is controlled, the tilt angle of the swash plate 12 with respect to the drive shaft 9 is controlled, the stroke of the piston 15 is controlled, and the compression capacity of the swash plate compressor 100 is variably controlled.
[0018]
As can be seen from the above description, in the swash plate compressor 100, the second suction chamber 18 is formed in the piston head 15 in addition to the first suction chamber 6 formed by the cylinder head 8. Is larger than the conventional swash plate compressor. Therefore, the suction chamber of the swash plate compressor 100 functions sufficiently as a silencer.
In the swash plate compressor 100, since the first suction chamber 6 formed by the cylinder head 8 extends beyond the valve plate 5 to the cylinder block 2, the volume of the suction chamber is increased, and the silencer of the suction chamber is used. The function has been improved.
In the swash plate compressor 100, the difference between the sliding resistance between the suction valve 21 and the cylinder bore 1 and the sliding resistance between the suction valve 21 and the piston 15 causes the piston 15 near the top dead center and the bottom dead center. Since the suction valve 21 moves relative to the piston 15 within a slight play α and opens and closes the suction hole 20 formed in the piston 15, the suction valve is controlled by the pressure difference between the internal pressure of the suction chamber and the internal pressure of the cylinder bore. Compared to the conventional swash plate compressor that opens and closes, the time lag between the reciprocating sliding of the piston 15 and the opening and closing operation of the suction valve 21 is small, and the suction efficiency is high.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the swash plate compressor according to the present invention, the second suction chamber is formed in the piston head in addition to the suction chamber formed by the cylinder head. large. Therefore, the suction chamber of the swash plate compressor according to the present invention functions sufficiently as a silencer.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a swash plate compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Cylinder bore 2 Cylinder block 3 Crank chamber 4 Front housing 5 Valve plate 6 First suction chamber 7 Discharge chamber 8 Cylinder head 15 Piston 16 Circumferential groove 17 Communication passage 18 Second suction chamber 19 Through hole 20 Suction hole 21 Suction valves 23, 24 Circumferential claw α play 100 swash plate compressor

Claims (3)

A cylinder block having a plurality of cylinder bores, a front housing attached to one end face of the cylinder block to form a crank chamber, and a suction chamber and a discharge chamber attached to the other end face of the cylinder block via a valve plate A cylinder head to be formed; a drive shaft extending in the crank chamber and supported rotatably by the front housing and the cylinder block; a swash plate coupled to the drive shaft so as to rotate in synchronization with the drive shaft; A piston that reciprocates in the cylinder bore as the plate rotates, a suction valve that controls the flow of refrigerant gas from the suction chamber to the cylinder bore, and a discharge valve that controls the flow of refrigerant gas from the cylinder bore to the discharge chamber a swash plate type compressor comprising a piston is cylindrical body, with the suction chamber inner space of the tubular body, the cylinder head is formed Swash plate type compressor second to form a suction chamber, the suction valve and controlling the flow of refrigerant gas into the cylinder bores from the second suction chamber to. The suction chamber formed by the cylinder head is formed in the central portion in the radial direction of the cylinder head. The suction chamber extends to the cylinder block, and the second suction chamber passes through a radially extending communication passage formed in the cylinder block. swash plate type compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that communicating with. The suction valve engages with the piston with a predetermined play in the reciprocating sliding direction of the piston, and reciprocates and slides within the cylinder bore following the piston. 3. The swash plate compressor according to claim 1, wherein the suction hole formed in the piston is opened and closed by reciprocating relative to the piston in a reciprocating range in the reciprocating sliding direction of the piston.

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