JP4590581B2 - Immunological assay for salivary components - Google Patents

Immunological assay for salivary components Download PDF

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JP4590581B2
JP4590581B2 JP2000378575A JP2000378575A JP4590581B2 JP 4590581 B2 JP4590581 B2 JP 4590581B2 JP 2000378575 A JP2000378575 A JP 2000378575A JP 2000378575 A JP2000378575 A JP 2000378575A JP 4590581 B2 JP4590581 B2 JP 4590581B2
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salts
saliva
mouthwash
long
chain
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JP2002181815A (en
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光宏 大島
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Nihon University
Godo Shusei KK
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Nihon University
Godo Shusei KK
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、歯周病等の診断に有用な唾液中の成分の免疫学的測定法及びこれに用いるキットに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
歯周病の早期診断は、有効な早期治療を可能にし、その結果、病変の重症化及び合併症を防止するうえで有用である。歯周病のスクリーニングテストが具備すべき条件としては、(1)疾病や異常が精度良く的確に把握できること、(2)簡便で結果が早くわかること、(3)受診者になるべく苦痛を与えないこと、(4)費用が安価であることなどが挙げられている。
【0003】
歯周病ポケットからの滲出液には、ハイドロキシプロリン、グリコサミノグリカンなどの細胞組織崩壊マーカーや、プロスタグランディンE2、インターロイキン1βなどの炎症メディエータ及びアミノトランスフェラーゼ、コラゲナーゼなどの酵素類が含まれているので、当該滲出液は歯周病の優れた診断材料であることが知られている(CDA JOURNAL 21巻 35−41頁 1993年)。しかしながら、これらの指標では歯周組織特異性が確認できない。また、滲出液を採取して測定に供するための試料に調整するまでには、マウスリンスで唾液を除くことや遠心分離操作などが必要(J. Periodont. Res 25巻 257−267頁 1990)であり、高価な装置及び複数の操作を要することから、一般歯科診療室や集団検診で行うことが出来る歯周病のスクリーニングテストとしては未だ実用化されていない。
【0004】
このほかにも、採取した歯周ポケット滲出液の病因微生物を分離して検出する方法や病因微生物由来の酵素活性を測定する方法も報告されている(日本歯周病学会誌 32巻 249−260頁 1990年)が、歯周ポケットからの微生物の採取や酵素活性の測定に時間がかかるという欠点があった。
【0005】
一方、歯肉にあるレベル以上の炎症があると歯周溝や歯周ポケットから出血がおこり、その結果、唾液中に潜血が検出されることが報告されている(日本歯周病学会誌 18巻 406−413頁 1976年)。この潜血の濃度を潜血由来ヘモグロビンのペルオキシダーゼ様反応にて測定する試験紙は、すでに歯周病診断用医薬品として発売されている。しかし、唾液中には好中球由来のミエロペルオキシダーゼや唾液ペルオキシダーゼが普遍的に存在しているために、潜血由来ヘモグロビンのペルオキシダーゼ様反応による測定は、偽陽性を呈することが問題として指摘されていた。
【0006】
そこで、本発明者らはヒトヘモグロビンを特異的に認識するモノクローナル抗体を用いた試験紙による唾液の潜血反応の測定を検討してきた(日本歯周病学会誌 40巻 111−118頁 1998年)。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、血液成分であるヒトヘモグロビンを特異的に認識するモノクローナル抗体を用いた試験紙による測定においても、唾液の粘稠性のためサンプリングしにくく、クロマト法として直接展開することが困難であること、及び充分な測定精度を得るためには、採取した唾液を適正な濃度に均一に希釈し赤血球を迅速に溶血させる処理(1997年日本歯周病学会春季学術大会にて発表)が必要であることなど、一般歯科診療室及び集団検診で容易には実施できないという問題があった。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らはヘモグロビンに代表される唾液成分を一般歯科診療室等で簡便かつ精度良く測定すべく種々検討した結果、唾液を直接検体とするのではなく、あらかじめ洗口液で口腔内を漱いだ吐出液を検体として用い、これを抗ヘモグロビン抗体に代表される抗唾液成分抗体と接触させれば、唾液成分が高精度かつ簡便、迅速に測定でき、歯周病等の診断が短時間で行えることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0009】
本発明は、洗口液で口腔内を漱いだ吐出液を、抗唾液成分抗体に接触させることを特徴とする唾液成分の測定法を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、洗口液及び抗唾液成分抗体を含む唾液成分測定用キットを提供するものである。
さらに、本発明は、洗口液及び抗ヘモグロビン抗体を含む歯周病診断用キットを提供するものである。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明においては、検体として洗口液で口腔内を漱いだ吐出液を用いる。かかる吐出液を用いることにより、唾液を直接検体とした場合に比べて、唾液中のムチン等の粘質物による反応妨害を排除できるため反応が速やかになるとともに、抗体を多孔性担体に担持して用いた場合の操作性が飛躍的に改善される。
【0011】
また、洗口液は低浸透圧液を用いるのが好ましい。すなわち、例えば測定対象の唾液成分が、ヘモグロビン等のような赤血球内の成分の場合、洗口液として低浸透圧液を用いると、赤血球がバーストすることにより、ヘモグロビン等が溶出し、抗体との反応が速やかに進行する。従って、低浸透圧液としては、赤血球内浸透圧よりも低い液であればよく、例えば、水、低張食塩水等が挙げられる。
【0012】
この洗口液としては、カチオン界面活性剤を含有する水溶液が、唾液中のムチン等の粘質物を凝集させて唾液の粘稠性を低下させる効果が高く、唾液中に含まれている上皮細胞等の有形物による濁りを消失させる効果があることから、より好ましい。さらに、測定対象がヘモグロビンの場合には、カチオン界面活性剤含有水溶液を洗口液として用いると、前記のように赤血球のバーストが速やかに進行するとともに、静菌作用により口腔内に存在する微生物によるヘモグロビンの分解を防止できるので、特に好ましい。
【0013】
カチオン界面活性剤としては、長鎖アルキルピリジニウム塩、長鎖アルキルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、長鎖アルキルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩、ベンジルトリブチルアンモニウム塩、ベンジルトリエチルアンモニウム塩及びテトラブチルアンモニウム塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を用いるのが好ましい。具体例としては、塩化セチルピリジニウム、塩化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム、塩化ステアリルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム、硫酸ベンジルトリブチルアンモニウム、塩化ベンジルトリエチルアンモニウム、臭化テトラブチルアンモニウム等が挙げられ、このうち塩化セチルピリジニウム、塩化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム、塩化ステアリルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムが特に好ましい。
【0014】
洗口液中のカチオン界面活性剤濃度は0.005〜1重量%、特に0.01〜1重量%が好ましい。
【0015】
また、洗口液中には、上記カチオン界面活性剤及び水以外に、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール等の多価アルコール類、エタノール等の低級アルコール、pH調整剤、香料等を配合することができる。
【0016】
口腔内の漱ぎに用いる洗口液の量は1〜10mLで十分である。
【0017】
抗唾液成分抗体としては、抗ヘモグロビン抗体、抗トランスフェリン抗体等が挙げられる。このうち、抗ヘモグロビン抗体を用いれば、唾液中の潜血、すなわちヘモグロビンが測定できることから、歯周病の診断に有用である。抗ヘモグロビン抗体としては、抗ヒトヘモグロビンモノクローナル抗体が好ましい。
【0018】
吐出液と抗唾液成分抗体との接触は、吐出液中の測定対象唾液成分と抗唾液成分抗体とが反応し、生成した免疫複合体が検出できる方法であれば特に限定されないが、抗唾液成分抗体を担持した多孔性担体を用いる方法、ラテックス凝集法、EIA法等が挙げられるが、抗唾液成分抗体を担持した多孔性担体を用いる方法が、反応時間の厳密な管理が不要である;判定が容易である;多検体を同時に処理可能である;操作が簡便である等の点で特に好ましい。
【0019】
抗唾液成分抗体を担持した多孔性担体としては、例えば図1に示すようにスティック状多孔性担体の下端に標識抗唾液成分抗体が担持され、当該部位と離れた位置に捕捉試薬が固定化されているものが好ましい。ここで、多孔性担体としては、前記吐出液が毛細管現象により移動し得るものであればよく、例えば濾紙(天然繊維濾紙、ガラス繊維濾紙等を含む)、セルロース膜、ニトロセルロース膜、ナイロン膜等が挙げられる。多孔性担体の方法は、制限されないが、例えば幅2〜20mm、長さ50〜150mm、厚さ20〜2000μmが好ましい。抗体の標識としては蛍光発色性物質、放射性同位元素を用いることもできるが、コロイド状金粒子、染料粒子(分散染料、染料ゾル)等が直接目視可能である点で特に好ましい。
【0020】
捕捉試薬としては、測定対象唾液成分に対する第二抗体、抗唾液成分抗体に対する第二抗体等が挙げられる。また、この捕捉試薬は多孔性担体上に固定されているが、標識抗唾液成分抗体は多孔性担体上に移動可能なように担持されている。
【0021】
多孔性担体の下端を吐出液中に浸すと、標識抗唾液成分抗体が溶解し、吐出液中の測定対象唾液成分と反応し免疫複合体が形成される。複合体は毛細管現象により移動し、固定化された捕捉試薬に捕捉され、標識が検出される(例えばコロイド状金粒子の場合赤紫色に発色する)。この標識、例えば赤紫色のスポットを肉眼で観察することにより唾液中の測定対象成分の有無が判定できる。ヘモグロビンの場合、検出感度は0.05〜200μg/mLである。
【0022】
本発明においては、前記洗口液と抗唾液成分抗体とを組み合せて唾液成分測定用キットとして供給するのが好ましい。また、ここで抗唾液成分抗体として抗ヘモグロビン抗体を採用した場合には、唾液中の潜血が測定でき、歯周病診断用キットとして有用である。
【0023】
【実施例】
本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0024】
実施例1
0.05%塩化セチルピリジウム(以下、CPCと示す)水溶液3mL、あるいは0.05%塩化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム(以下、CTACと示す)水溶液3mLを洗口液として用いて口腔内を漱ぎ、この吐出液の性状を観察した。そのままの唾液、蒸留水3mLを洗口液とした場合も同様に試験した。
【0025】
実施例で用いた洗口液の組成を表1に、この試験の結果を表2に示した。
【0026】
【表1】

Figure 0004590581
【0027】
【表2】
Figure 0004590581
【0028】
この結果から、カチオン界面活性剤を含む洗口液によって、唾液のムチン等の粘質物は容易に凝集し、唾液の粘稠性を低下させることが確認された。また、唾液に含まれている上皮細胞等の有形物などによる濁りは消失し、その後のクロマトの展開性は水と同程度の速さに改善された。また、洗口後の吐出液は、遠心分離操作が不要であり、そのままあるいは希釈してクロマトに供することが可能であった。
【0029】
実施例2
(検体の調製法):
表1の組成による洗口液(0.05%CPC含有液)3mLを口に含み口腔内を漱ぎ、容器に吐出したものを直接サンプル(検体)とした。通常、口腔内の唾液含量は1mLと言われている。
【0030】
(抗体法):
検体の入った容器に直接試験紙の下端を浸し、検体液がすべて上昇した時点(浸した時点から約3分)で試験紙中央のスポット(抗体結合部分)を観察した。輪郭明瞭な赤紫色のスポットが観察できた場合にこれを陽性(+)と判断した。ここで、試験紙として、図1のようにスティック状の反応試験紙の下端に抗ヒトヘモグロビン・マウスモノクローナル抗体結合金コロイドが塗布され、試験紙中央部に抗ヘモグロビン・マウスモノクローナル抗体がスポット状に固定化されているもの(合同酒精製「クイックゴールドHem」)を用いた。
【0031】
(化学法):
ペルオキシダーゼ試験紙(商品名:サリバスター潜血用、昭和薬品化学工 東京)を用いた。この試験紙は、有機過酸化物であるクメンヒドロペルオキシドを唾液中のヘモグロビンの触媒作用により分解して活性酸素を発生させ、3,3′,5,5′−テトラメチルベンジジンを酸化して発色させる原理に基づいている。発色の程度はヘモグロビン濃度に対応する。ヘモグロビン検出感度は、+に対応する色調が1.0mg/dl、++が2.5mg/dlである。
唾液を採唾容器にとり、ペルオキシダーゼ試験紙の試薬貼付部分を浸し、約30秒後に、採唾容器に付属する比色表の基準に従い判定を行った。比色表の1.0mg/dlでの発色程度を基準とし、これに近いもくしは同等以上の発色がみられたものを陽性(+)と判定した。
【0032】
唾液採取後に、歯科医師による口腔内診査を行い、プロービング時に出血が認められた部位を全プロービング歯面数から判定できるBOP値(%)及び、1本の歯に対して4ヶ所の歯周ポケットの深さ(以下、PDと示す 単位mm)を測定した。
【0033】
抗体法及び化学法での判定は、(+)、(±)及び(−)の3区とした。歯周病有病者と健常者の区別は、口腔内診査においてBOP20%以上もしくはPD6mm以上の場合を有病者、それ以外の場合を健常者とした。各人数から、スクリーニングテストの有効性を評価した。なお、(±)と判定された場合は陽性(+)の区分に含めた。
【0034】
スクリーニングテストの有効性を評価する指標は、敏感度(以下、STと示す)、特異度(以下、SPと示す)、陽性反応適中率(以下、PVPと示す)、陰性反応適中率(以下、PVNと示す)の4種を次の式により計算した。83例を対象に行った評価試験結果を表3に示した。
【0035】
【数1】
Figure 0004590581
【0036】
【表3】
Figure 0004590581
【0037】
抗体法と化学法を比較すると、歯周病有病者を陽性(+)とする敏感度(ST)は抗体法88.4%、化学法95.2%とほぼ同等であった。しかし、陽性(+)反応を示した中で実際に有病者である確率をあらわす陽性反応適中率をみると、抗体法が90.5%であるのに比べて、化学法では59.7%と顕著な差がみられた。また、健常者の中で確実に陰性(−)判定となる割合をあらわす特異度(SP)においても、抗体法が90.0%であるのに対して化学法は34.1%と大きな差がみられた。有病者及び健常者(非有病者)に関わらず陽性反応の割合が高くなる化学法に比べて、抗体法による分析は有病者を特異的に検出できる方法であり、歯周病スクリーニングテストとして精度が高いことが示された。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、唾液に含まれる成分、特に潜血を高精度かつ簡便、迅速に測定することが可能になった。また、本発明において、歯周病のスクリーニングテストを特別な装置を必要とせずに一般診察室内あるいは集団検診等で迅速に行うことが可能になった。さらには、受診者及び歯科医師の負担を軽減することが可能になった。本発明によって歯周病リスクグループの早期発見を可能にしたことは、国民のQOL向上にとって有意義である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】標識抗唾液成分抗体を担持し、捕捉試薬を固定化した多孔性担体の概略図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an immunological measurement method for components in saliva useful for diagnosis of periodontal disease and the like, and a kit used therefor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Early diagnosis of periodontal disease enables effective early treatment, and as a result, is useful in preventing disease severity and complications. The periodontal disease screening test should have the following conditions: (1) The disease and abnormality can be accurately and accurately grasped, (2) Simple and quick to understand the results, and (3) As painless as possible. (4) The cost is low.
[0003]
The exudate from the periodontal disease pocket contains cell disruption markers such as hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan, inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E 2 and interleukin 1β, and enzymes such as aminotransferase and collagenase Therefore, it is known that the exudate is an excellent diagnostic material for periodontal disease (CDA JOURNAL 21: 35-41 1993). However, periodontium specificity cannot be confirmed with these indices. In addition, it is necessary to remove saliva with a mouse rinse or perform a centrifugation operation until the exudate is collected and adjusted to a sample for measurement (J. Periodont. Res 25, 257-267 1990). In addition, since an expensive apparatus and a plurality of operations are required, it has not yet been put to practical use as a periodontal disease screening test that can be performed in a general dental clinic or mass screening.
[0004]
In addition, a method for separating and detecting the pathogenic microorganisms in the collected periodontal pocket exudate and a method for measuring the enzyme activity derived from the pathogenic microorganisms have been reported (Japanese Journal of Periodontology, Vol. 32, 249-260). (1990) had a drawback that it took time to collect microorganisms from periodontal pockets and to measure enzyme activity.
[0005]
On the other hand, it is reported that if there is inflammation above a certain level in the gingiva, bleeding occurs from the periodontal groove and periodontal pocket, and as a result, occult blood is detected in the saliva (Journal of Japanese Society of Periodontology, Vol. 18) 406-413 1976). A test paper for measuring the concentration of this occult blood by a peroxidase-like reaction of occult blood-derived hemoglobin has already been put on the market as a pharmaceutical product for periodontal disease diagnosis. However, since neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase and salivary peroxidase are universally present in saliva, it has been pointed out as a problem that measurement of peroxidase-like reaction of hemoglobin-derived hemoglobin exhibits false positives. .
[0006]
Therefore, the present inventors have examined the measurement of the occult blood reaction of saliva with a test paper using a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes human hemoglobin (Journal of Japanese Periodontology Vol. 40, 111-118 1998).
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even in measurement with a test paper using a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes human hemoglobin, which is a blood component, it is difficult to sample due to the viscosity of saliva and difficult to develop directly as a chromatographic method, In addition, in order to obtain sufficient measurement accuracy, it is necessary to uniformly dilute the collected saliva to an appropriate concentration and rapidly lyse the red blood cells (announced at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Periodontology) There is a problem that it cannot be easily carried out in general dental clinics and mass examinations.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various studies to measure salivary components typified by hemoglobin in a general dental clinic or the like, the present inventors have determined that saliva is not directly used as a sample, but the mouth is preliminarily rinsed with mouthwash. If we use the discharged liquid as a sample and make it contact with anti-salivary component antibodies typified by anti-hemoglobin antibodies, saliva components can be measured with high accuracy, simplicity and speed, and the diagnosis of periodontal diseases etc. can be made in a short time. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
[0009]
The present invention provides a method for measuring a saliva component, characterized in that an antisaliva component antibody is brought into contact with a discharge liquid that has been squeezed into the oral cavity with a mouthwash.
The present invention also provides a saliva component measurement kit including a mouthwash and an anti-saliva component antibody.
Furthermore, the present invention provides a periodontal disease diagnosis kit containing a mouthwash and an anti-hemoglobin antibody.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a discharge liquid in which the mouth is swallowed with a mouthwash is used as a specimen. By using such a discharge solution, reaction interference due to mucous substances such as mucin in saliva can be eliminated as compared with the case where saliva is directly used as a sample, and the reaction is accelerated and the antibody is supported on a porous carrier. The operability when used is drastically improved.
[0011]
Moreover, it is preferable to use a low osmotic pressure liquid for the mouthwash. That is, for example, when the saliva component to be measured is a component in red blood cells such as hemoglobin, if a low osmotic pressure solution is used as a mouthwash, the red blood cells burst, and hemoglobin and the like are eluted. The reaction proceeds quickly. Accordingly, the low osmotic pressure solution may be any solution lower than the erythrocyte osmotic pressure, and examples thereof include water and hypotonic saline.
[0012]
As this mouthwash, an aqueous solution containing a cationic surfactant has a high effect of agglutinating mucilage such as mucin in saliva to reduce the viscosity of saliva, and epithelial cells contained in saliva It is more preferable because of the effect of eliminating turbidity due to tangible materials such as Furthermore, when the measurement target is hemoglobin, when a cationic surfactant-containing aqueous solution is used as a mouthwash, the burst of red blood cells progresses rapidly as described above, and due to microorganisms present in the oral cavity due to bacteriostatic action. This is particularly preferable because it can prevent the degradation of hemoglobin.
[0013]
The cationic surfactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of long-chain alkylpyridinium salts, long-chain alkyltrimethylammonium salts, long-chain alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts, benzyltributylammonium salts, benzyltriethylammonium salts, and tetrabutylammonium salts. It is preferred to use seeds. Specific examples include cetylpyridinium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, benzyltributylammonium sulfate, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, etc., among which cetylpyridinium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride is particularly preferred.
[0014]
The cationic surfactant concentration in the mouthwash is preferably 0.005 to 1% by weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight.
[0015]
In addition to the cationic surfactant and water, polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin and propylene glycol, lower alcohols such as ethanol, pH adjusters, fragrances and the like can be blended in the mouthwash.
[0016]
1-10 mL is sufficient for the amount of mouthwash used for rowing in the oral cavity.
[0017]
Examples of anti-saliva component antibodies include anti-hemoglobin antibodies and anti-transferrin antibodies. Of these, anti-hemoglobin antibodies are useful for diagnosing periodontal disease because occult blood in saliva, that is, hemoglobin, can be measured. As the anti-hemoglobin antibody, an anti-human hemoglobin monoclonal antibody is preferable.
[0018]
The contact between the discharge liquid and the anti-saliva component antibody is not particularly limited as long as it is a method in which the saliva component to be measured and the anti-saliva component antibody in the discharge liquid react to detect the generated immune complex, but the anti-saliva component Examples include a method using a porous carrier carrying an antibody, a latex agglutination method, an EIA method, etc., but a method using a porous carrier carrying an anti-saliva component antibody does not require strict control of reaction time; It is particularly preferable in that it can process multiple samples simultaneously;
[0019]
As a porous carrier carrying an anti-saliva component antibody, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, a labeled anti-saliva component antibody is carried at the lower end of a stick-like porous carrier, and a capture reagent is immobilized at a position away from the site. Are preferred. Here, the porous carrier is not particularly limited as long as the discharge liquid can move by capillary action, such as filter paper (including natural fiber filter paper, glass fiber filter paper, etc.), cellulose membrane, nitrocellulose membrane, nylon membrane and the like. Is mentioned. The method of the porous carrier is not limited, but for example, a width of 2 to 20 mm, a length of 50 to 150 mm, and a thickness of 20 to 2000 μm are preferable. As a label for the antibody, a fluorescent coloring substance and a radioisotope can be used, but colloidal gold particles, dye particles (dispersed dyes, dye sols) and the like are particularly preferable because they can be directly visually observed.
[0020]
Examples of the capture reagent include a second antibody against the saliva component to be measured, a second antibody against the anti-saliva component antibody, and the like. The capture reagent is immobilized on a porous carrier, but the labeled anti-saliva component antibody is supported so as to be movable on the porous carrier.
[0021]
When the lower end of the porous carrier is immersed in the discharge liquid, the labeled anti-saliva component antibody dissolves and reacts with the measurement target saliva component in the discharge liquid to form an immune complex. The complex moves by capillary action, is captured by the immobilized capture reagent, and the label is detected (for example, in the case of colloidal gold particles, the color is reddish purple). The presence or absence of a measurement target component in saliva can be determined by observing this label, for example, a reddish purple spot with the naked eye. In the case of hemoglobin, the detection sensitivity is 0.05 to 200 μg / mL.
[0022]
In the present invention, it is preferable to supply the mouthwash and anti-saliva component antibody in combination as a saliva component measurement kit. Further, when an anti-hemoglobin antibody is employed as the anti-salivary component antibody here, occult blood in the saliva can be measured, which is useful as a kit for periodontal disease diagnosis.
[0023]
【Example】
Examples The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0024]
Example 1
Using 3 mL of 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (hereinafter referred to as CPC) aqueous solution or 3 mL of 0.05% cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (hereinafter referred to as CTAC) aqueous solution as a mouthwash, The properties of the liquid were observed. The same test was performed when the saliva and 3 mL of distilled water were used as a mouthwash.
[0025]
The composition of the mouthwash used in the examples is shown in Table 1, and the results of this test are shown in Table 2.
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004590581
[0027]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004590581
[0028]
From this result, it was confirmed that the mouthwash containing the cationic surfactant easily agglutinates mucilage such as mucin of saliva and reduces the viscosity of saliva. Moreover, the turbidity due to tangible substances such as epithelial cells contained in saliva disappeared, and the development of the subsequent chromatography was improved to the same speed as water. Further, the discharged liquid after the mouthwash does not require a centrifugal separation operation, and can be used for chromatography as it is or after being diluted.
[0029]
Example 2
(Sample preparation method):
A sample (specimen) was obtained by directly containing 3 mL of a mouthwash solution (0.05% CPC-containing solution) according to the composition shown in Table 1 in the mouth, squeezing the oral cavity, and discharging the solution into a container. Usually, the saliva content in the oral cavity is said to be 1 mL.
[0030]
(Antibody method):
The lower end of the test paper was directly immersed in the container containing the sample, and the spot (antibody binding portion) in the center of the test paper was observed when all of the sample liquid rose (about 3 minutes from the time of immersion). When a clear reddish purple spot could be observed, this was judged as positive (+). Here, as a test paper, an anti-human hemoglobin / mouse monoclonal antibody-conjugated gold colloid is applied to the lower end of the stick-shaped reaction test paper as shown in FIG. 1, and the anti-hemoglobin / mouse monoclonal antibody is spot-formed at the center of the test paper. What was immobilized (joint sake refinement “Quick Gold Hem”) was used.
[0031]
(Chemical method):
Peroxidase test paper (trade name: for Salivaster occult blood, Showa Yakuhin Kagaku Tokyo) was used. This test paper decomposes cumene hydroperoxide, an organic peroxide, by the catalytic action of hemoglobin in saliva to generate active oxygen, and oxidizes 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine to develop color Based on the principle of The degree of color development corresponds to the hemoglobin concentration. Regarding the hemoglobin detection sensitivity, the color tone corresponding to + is 1.0 mg / dl, and ++ is 2.5 mg / dl.
Saliva was taken into a saliva collection container, the reagent affixed portion of the peroxidase test paper was immersed, and after about 30 seconds, a determination was made according to the criteria of the colorimetric table attached to the saliva collection container. Based on the degree of color development at 1.0 mg / dl in the colorimetric table as a reference, combs having a color development equivalent to or higher than this were determined as positive (+).
[0032]
After saliva collection, a dentist performs an intraoral examination, BOP value (%) that can determine the site where bleeding was observed during probing from the total number of probing tooth surfaces, and four periodontal pockets for one tooth The depth (hereinafter referred to as PD, unit mm) was measured.
[0033]
The determination by the antibody method and the chemical method was made into three sections (+), (±) and (−). The distinction between periodontal disease patients and healthy individuals was made in cases where the BOP was 20% or more or PD 6 mm or more in the oral examination, and the other cases were regarded as healthy people. The effectiveness of the screening test was evaluated from each person. When judged as (±), it was included in the positive (+) category.
[0034]
The indexes for evaluating the effectiveness of the screening test are sensitivity (hereinafter referred to as ST), specificity (hereinafter referred to as SP), positive reaction appropriateness (hereinafter referred to as PVP), negative reaction appropriateness (hereinafter referred to as SP). Four types of PVN were calculated by the following formula. Table 3 shows the results of evaluation tests conducted on 83 cases.
[0035]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004590581
[0036]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004590581
[0037]
Comparing the antibody method and the chemical method, the sensitivity (ST) for positive (+) periodontal disease patients was almost the same as the antibody method 88.4% and the chemical method 95.2%. However, when looking at the predictive predictive value indicating the probability of being actually sick in a positive (+) reaction, the antibody method is 90.5%, the chemical method is 59.7%. %, A remarkable difference was seen. In addition, the specificity (SP), which represents the proportion of healthy subjects that are definitely negative (-), is 90.0% for the antibody method, but 34.1% for the chemical method. Was seen. Compared to chemical methods that increase the rate of positive reactions regardless of whether the patient is healthy or healthy (non-patient), the analysis by the antibody method is a method that can specifically detect the patient, and screening for periodontal disease It was shown that the test has high accuracy.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, components contained in saliva, particularly occult blood, can be measured with high accuracy, simplicity and speed. Further, in the present invention, it becomes possible to quickly perform a periodontal disease screening test in a general examination room or in a group examination without requiring a special device. Furthermore, the burden on the examinee and the dentist can be reduced. The early detection of the periodontal disease risk group according to the present invention is meaningful for improving the QOL of the people.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a porous carrier carrying a labeled anti-saliva component antibody and immobilizing a capture reagent.

Claims (6)

長鎖アルキルピリジニウム塩、長鎖アルキルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、長鎖アルキルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩、ベンジルトリブチルアンモニウム塩、ベンジルトリエチルアンモニウム塩及びテトラブチルアンモニウム塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のカチオン界面活性剤を含有する洗口液で口腔内を嗽いだ吐出液を、多孔性担体に担持された抗ヘモグロビン抗体に接触させることを特徴とする、唾液中のヘモグロビンの測定法。 At least one cationic surfactant selected from the group consisting of long-chain alkylpyridinium salts, long-chain alkyltrimethylammonium salts, long-chain alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts, benzyltributylammonium salts, benzyltriethylammonium salts, and tetrabutylammonium salts A method for measuring hemoglobin in saliva, characterized in that an exhaled liquid which has been squeezed into the oral cavity with a mouthwash contained therein is brought into contact with an anti-hemoglobin antibody supported on a porous carrier . 洗口液中のカチオン界面活性剤濃度が0.05〜1重量%である請求項1記載の測定法。The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the cationic surfactant in the mouthwash is 0.05 to 1% by weight . 長鎖アルキルピリジニウム塩、長鎖アルキルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、長鎖アルキルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩、ベンジルトリブチルアンモニウム塩、ベンジルトリエチルアンモニウム塩及びテトラブチルアンモニウム塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のカチオン界面活性剤を含有する洗口液と、多孔性担体に担持された抗ヘモグロビン抗体とを含む唾液中のヘモグロビン測定用キット。At least one cationic surfactant selected from the group consisting of long-chain alkylpyridinium salts, long-chain alkyltrimethylammonium salts, long-chain alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts, benzyltributylammonium salts, benzyltriethylammonium salts, and tetrabutylammonium salts A kit for measuring hemoglobin in saliva, comprising a mouthwash contained therein and an anti-hemoglobin antibody supported on a porous carrier. 洗口液中のカチオン界面活性剤濃度が0.05〜1重量%である請求項3記載のキット。The kit according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the cationic surfactant in the mouthwash is 0.05 to 1% by weight. 長鎖アルキルピリジニウム塩、長鎖アルキルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、長鎖アルキルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩、ベンジルトリブチルアンモニウム塩、ベンジルトリエチルアンモニウム塩及びテトラブチルアンモニウム塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のカチオン界面活性剤を含有する洗口液と、多孔性担体に担持された抗ヘモグロビン抗体とを含む歯周病診断用キット。At least one cationic surfactant selected from the group consisting of long-chain alkylpyridinium salts, long-chain alkyltrimethylammonium salts, long-chain alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts, benzyltributylammonium salts, benzyltriethylammonium salts, and tetrabutylammonium salts A kit for diagnosing periodontal disease, comprising a mouthwash contained therein and an anti-hemoglobin antibody supported on a porous carrier. 洗口液中のカチオン界面活性剤濃度が0.05〜1重量%である請求項5記載のキット。The kit according to claim 5, wherein the concentration of the cationic surfactant in the mouthwash is 0.05 to 1% by weight.
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