JP4585393B2 - Waste liquid treatment method and apparatus - Google Patents

Waste liquid treatment method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP4585393B2
JP4585393B2 JP2005196645A JP2005196645A JP4585393B2 JP 4585393 B2 JP4585393 B2 JP 4585393B2 JP 2005196645 A JP2005196645 A JP 2005196645A JP 2005196645 A JP2005196645 A JP 2005196645A JP 4585393 B2 JP4585393 B2 JP 4585393B2
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waste liquid
radionuclide
heavy metal
microcapsule
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JP2007014841A (en
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芳恵 赤井
学 桜井
忍 茂庭
恒雄 大村
和夫 鵜木
正 福島
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Toshiba Corp
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Description

本発明は、廃液中から、重金属及び／又は放射性核種を含む複数種類の元素を除去することが可能な廃液処理方法及びこれを用いる装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a waste liquid treatment method capable of removing a plurality of types of elements including heavy metals and / or radionuclides from waste liquid, and an apparatus using the same.

従来、廃液中に重金属や放射性核種などが含まれている場合には、例えば沈殿法、イオン交換法、溶媒抽出法等によって、これらを除去することが行われていた。   Conventionally, when heavy metals, radionuclides, and the like are contained in the waste liquid, these have been removed by, for example, a precipitation method, an ion exchange method, a solvent extraction method, and the like.

しかし、このような従来の処理方法では、処理後に多量のスラッジが発生したり、処理工程が複雑で高コストを要するという課題があった。   However, in such a conventional processing method, there is a problem that a large amount of sludge is generated after the processing, or the processing steps are complicated and require high costs.

近年、このような課題に対して、抽出剤又は吸着剤からなる芯物質をポリマー等のカプセル壁で取り囲んだ、所謂マイクロカプセルを用いる処理方法が提案されている。   In recent years, a treatment method using a so-called microcapsule in which a core substance made of an extractant or an adsorbent is surrounded by a capsule wall made of a polymer or the like has been proposed for such a problem.

例えば、特許文献１には、廃水から異臭味物質、有機毒性物質、重金属などを同時に除去するアルギン酸ゲルを用いる処理方法が記載されている。この方法では、カプセル内に内包された活性炭によって異臭味物質、有機毒性物質が除去され、活性炭を被覆するフィルム状のアルギン酸によって重金属が除去される。アルギン酸は藻類等の細胞壁を構成する成分の一つで、２４０，０００程度の分子量を有する高分子化合物であり、カルボキシル基を有するため、陽イオンとイオン交換して重金属を除去する。   For example, Patent Document 1 describes a treatment method using an alginate gel that simultaneously removes off-flavor substances, organic toxic substances, heavy metals and the like from wastewater. In this method, off-flavor substances and organic toxic substances are removed by activated carbon contained in the capsule, and heavy metals are removed by film-like alginic acid covering the activated carbon. Alginic acid is one of the components constituting the cell wall of algae and the like, and is a polymer compound having a molecular weight of about 240,000, and has a carboxyl group, so that heavy metals are removed by ion exchange with cations.

また、特許文献２および特許文献３には、主に銅イオンを抽出する抽出剤を内包したマイクロカプセルを用いる処理方法が記載されている。特許文献２には、５−ドデシルサリシルアミドオキシム（ＬＩＸ８６０）をアルギン酸で内包したマイクロカプセルを用いる方法が記載されている。一方、特許文献３には、キレート試薬を含有したマイクロカプセルを用いる方法が記載されている。
特開平１１−７０３８４号公報 特開２００３−１１３４２７号公報 特開２００３−１８３７４４号公報 Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 describe a treatment method using microcapsules encapsulating an extractant that mainly extracts copper ions. Patent Document 2 describes a method using a microcapsule in which 5-dodecylsalicylamidooxime (LIX860) is encapsulated with alginic acid. On the other hand, Patent Document 3 describes a method using microcapsules containing a chelating reagent.
JP-A-11-70384 JP 2003-113427 A JP 2003-183744 A

しかしながら、特許文献１に記載の処理方法は、廃液が高塩濃度の場合、イオン交換容量が不足して廃液から重金属を完全に除去し難くなるという課題があった。   However, the treatment method described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that when the waste liquid has a high salt concentration, the ion exchange capacity is insufficient and it is difficult to completely remove heavy metals from the waste liquid.

また、特許文献２と特許文献３に記載の処理方法は、銅イオンと選択的に反応するマイクロカプセルを用いているため、溶存する重金属が多種類の場合にこれらを除去することが困難であった。   In addition, since the processing methods described in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 use microcapsules that selectively react with copper ions, it is difficult to remove these when there are many kinds of dissolved heavy metals. It was.

本発明は、このような課題に対処するためになされたもので、廃液が、重金属及び／又は放射性核種などの複数種類の元素を含む高塩濃度であっても、これら複数種類の元素を容易に除去することが可能な廃液処理方法及びこの方法に用いる装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to cope with such problems. Even when the waste liquid has a high salt concentration containing a plurality of elements such as heavy metals and / or radionuclides, the plurality of elements can be easily removed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste liquid treatment method that can be easily removed and an apparatus used in this method.

すなわち、本発明の廃液処理方法は、重金属及び／又は放射性核種を含む元素が溶存する廃液を、前記重金属及び／又は放射性核種のうち特定の重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応する抽出剤又は吸着する吸着剤をアルギン酸で内包するマイクロカプセルと接触させて、前記廃液中から前記重金属及び／又は放射性核種を除去することを特徴とする。前記廃液には複数種類の元素が溶存し、且つ前記マイクロカプセルは特定の重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応し又は吸着する物質を含む複数種類を有することを特徴とする。 That is, the waste liquid treatment method of the present invention adsorbs or adsorbs a waste liquid in which elements containing heavy metals and / or radionuclides are dissolved, which reacts with specific heavy metals and / or radionuclides among the heavy metals and / or radionuclides. The heavy metal and / or the radionuclide is removed from the waste liquid by contacting the adsorbent with a microcapsule encapsulating with alginic acid . A plurality of types of elements are dissolved in the waste liquid, and the microcapsules have a plurality of types including substances that react with or adsorb specific heavy metals and / or radionuclides.

また、本発明の廃液処理装置は、特定の重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応する抽出剤又は吸着する吸着剤をアルギン酸で内包するマイクロカプセルを、流入口と流出口とを備えたカラムに充填してなることを特徴とする。 Further, the waste liquid treatment apparatus of the present invention fills a column having an inlet and an outlet with microcapsules enclosing an extractant that reacts with a specific heavy metal and / or radionuclide or an adsorbent adsorbed with alginic acid. It is characterized by.

本発明の廃液処理装置は、特定の重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応する抽出剤又は吸着する吸着剤をアルギン酸で内包するマイクロカプセルを、フィルターにコートしてなることを特徴とする。 The waste liquid treatment apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that a filter is coated with microcapsules enclosing an extractant that reacts with a specific heavy metal and / or radionuclide or an adsorbent that is adsorbed with alginic acid .

本発明の廃液処理方法によれば、重金属及び／又は放射性核種などを含む高塩濃度の廃液から、特定の重金属及び／又は放射性核種を容易に且つ選択的に除去することができる。さらに、本発明の廃液処理方法によれば、複数種類の元素を含む廃液から、これら複数種類の元素を容易に除去することができる。   According to the waste liquid treatment method of the present invention, a specific heavy metal and / or radionuclide can be easily and selectively removed from a high salt concentration waste liquid containing heavy metals and / or radionuclides. Furthermore, according to the waste liquid treatment method of the present invention, these plural kinds of elements can be easily removed from the waste liquid containing plural kinds of elements.

また、本発明の処理方法を用いた廃液処理装置によれば、簡便な同一の装置で、廃液中から重金属、放射性核種などを連続的に除去することができる。   Further, according to the waste liquid treatment apparatus using the treatment method of the present invention, heavy metals, radionuclides and the like can be continuously removed from the waste liquid with the same simple apparatus.

以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

本発明において使用されるマイクロカプセルは、粒子径０．１〜１．０ｍｍ程度の球状を有しており、重金属、放射性核種に対して選択的に反応又は吸着する物質をアルギン酸で内包している。以下、重金属等と選択的に反応する物質（液体）を抽出剤とし、選択的に吸着する物質（固体）を吸着剤とする。抽出剤としては、除去する重金属や放射性核種の種類に応じて、例えばリン酸トリブチル（以下、ＴＢＰ）、ビス2-エチルヘキシルリン酸（以下、Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ）、ジ（2-エチルヘキシル）ホスホン酸モノ2-エチルヘキシルエステル（以下、ＥＨＰＮＡ）、ビス（2,4,4-トリメチルペンチル）モノチオホスフィン酸等の中性又は酸性の有機リン系溶媒；トリｎ−オクチルアミン（以下、ＴＯＡ）、トリイソオクチルアミン等の塩基性の非リン系溶媒等を用いることができる。また、吸着剤としては、不溶性フェロシアン化物等の微粉体等を用いることができる。 The microcapsule used in the present invention has a spherical shape with a particle size of about 0.1 to 1.0 mm, and encapsulates a substance that selectively reacts or adsorbs to heavy metals and radionuclides with alginic acid. . Hereinafter, a substance (liquid) that selectively reacts with a heavy metal or the like is used as an extractant, and a substance (solid) that selectively adsorbs is used as an adsorbent. Examples of the extractant include tributyl phosphate (hereinafter referred to as TBP), bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphate (hereinafter referred to as D 2 EHPA), and di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphonic acid monoester depending on the type of heavy metal and radionuclide to be removed. Neutral or acidic organic phosphorus solvents such as 2-ethylhexyl ester (hereinafter referred to as EHPNA) and bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid; tri-n-octylamine (hereinafter referred to as TOA), triiso A basic non-phosphorous solvent such as octylamine can be used. As the adsorbent, fine powder such as insoluble ferrocyanide can be used.

マイクロカプセルには、上記抽出剤又は吸着剤に加えて、さらに鉄酸化物のような比重の大きい物質を内包してもよい。水と比べて比重が軽い抽出剤又は吸着剤をマイクロカプセル化した場合、作製したカプセルが水に浮かびカラム処理が困難になる場合がある。このため、鉄酸化物を加えて比重を調整することが好ましい。鉄酸化物のような磁性材料を用いる場合には、磁石を用いて使用済みのマイクロカプセルを容易に回収することができる。なお、廃液中に有機物が存在する場合には、活性炭をマイクロカプセル化してもよい。これにより、廃液中から有機物を選択的にカプセル内に閉じ込めて除去することができる。   In addition to the extractant or adsorbent, the microcapsule may further contain a substance having a large specific gravity such as iron oxide. When an extractant or adsorbent having a light specific gravity as compared with water is microencapsulated, the produced capsule may float on the water, making column processing difficult. For this reason, it is preferable to adjust the specific gravity by adding iron oxide. When a magnetic material such as iron oxide is used, used microcapsules can be easily recovered using a magnet. When organic matter is present in the waste liquid, the activated carbon may be microencapsulated. Thereby, organic substances can be selectively trapped in the capsule and removed from the waste liquid.

次に、マイクロカプセルの作製方法の一例を、抽出剤のＴＢＰを用いて示す。   Next, an example of a method for producing a microcapsule will be described using TBP as an extractant.

まず、ＴＢＰを１重量％のアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液等のアルギン酸塩溶液と混合した後、１ｍｏｌ/リットルの塩化カルシウム水溶液等の多価陽イオン溶液に滴下し、１２０〜１８０ｒｐｍで攪拌して、アルギン酸を架橋させて、ＴＢＰを内包したマイクロカプセルを得る。なお、アルギン酸ナトリウムとＴＢＰとの混合比（容量）は１０:１とした。ここでは、ＴＢＰを用いたが、ＴＢＰ以外の上述した抽出剤、吸着剤についても同様にしてマイクロカプセル化することができる。   First, after mixing TBP with an alginate solution such as a 1% by weight sodium alginate aqueous solution, the solution was dropped into a polyvalent cation solution such as a 1 mol / liter calcium chloride aqueous solution and stirred at 120 to 180 rpm to crosslink the alginic acid. To obtain a microcapsule containing TBP. The mixing ratio (volume) of sodium alginate and TBP was 10: 1. Here, TBP is used, but the above-described extractant and adsorbent other than TBP can be similarly microencapsulated.

次に、本発明の廃液処理方法について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。   Next, the waste liquid treatment method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

（第１の実施形態）
本発明の第１の実施形態について、図１を参照して説明する。図１は、本実施形態に係る廃液処理装置である。 (First embodiment)
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows a waste liquid treatment apparatus according to this embodiment.

図１に示すように、本実施形態の廃液処理装置１は、ウラン、セシウムなどの多種類の元素が溶存する廃液が入った廃液タンク２と、マイクロカプセルＡ６とマイクロカプセルＢ７とが充填されたカラム３と、廃液をカラム３に連続投入するための廃液供給ポンプ４と、カラム３で処理された処理液が送られる処理液タンク５とを有している。マイクロカプセルＡ６は、ウランを選択的に吸着するＴＢＰを内包しており、マイクロカプセルＢ７は、セシウムを選択的に吸着する不溶性フェロシアン化物を内包している。   As shown in FIG. 1, the waste liquid treatment apparatus 1 of this embodiment is filled with a waste liquid tank 2 containing a waste liquid in which various kinds of elements such as uranium and cesium are dissolved, a microcapsule A6, and a microcapsule B7. A column 3, a waste liquid supply pump 4 for continuously introducing the waste liquid into the column 3, and a processing liquid tank 5 to which the processing liquid processed in the column 3 is sent. The microcapsule A6 contains TBP that selectively adsorbs uranium, and the microcapsule B7 contains an insoluble ferrocyanide that selectively adsorbs cesium.

以上のような構成により、廃液処理装置１では廃液処理に際して、まず、ウランとセシウムが溶存する廃液タンク２から、廃液供給ポンプ４を用いて、廃液をカラム３の流入口に供給して、マイクロカプセルＡ６、マイクロカプセルＢ７と接触させる。これにより、廃液中からウランとセシウムを一度に除去することができる。ウランとセシウムが除去された処理液は、カラム３の流出口から処理液タンク５に送られる。   With the configuration as described above, in the waste liquid treatment apparatus 1, first, the waste liquid is supplied from the waste liquid tank 2 in which uranium and cesium are dissolved to the inlet of the column 3 using the waste liquid supply pump 4. Contact with capsule A6 and microcapsule B7. Thereby, uranium and cesium can be removed from the waste liquid at a time. The processing liquid from which uranium and cesium have been removed is sent from the outlet of the column 3 to the processing liquid tank 5.

本実施形態では、ＴＢＰと不溶性フェロシアン化物がそれぞれ内包された２種類のマイクロカプセルを用いたが、廃液中から除去する元素の種類に応じて抽出剤又は吸着剤を選択し１種類又は２種以上のマイクロカプセルを用いてもよい。   In this embodiment, two types of microcapsules each including TBP and insoluble ferrocyanide are used, but one or two kinds of extractants or adsorbents are selected according to the type of element to be removed from the waste liquid. The above microcapsules may be used.

また、カラムから排出された処理液中に重金属、放射性核種などが残存しているかどうかを確認するため、計測器を用いてもよい。これらの元素濃度が基準値以上の場合、処理液を再度カラムに戻して、連続して再処理を行う。なお、廃液処理装置は、放射性元素などの飛散、漏洩を防止するため、グローブボックスやフード等の負圧に制御された気密室内で用いることが好ましい。   In addition, a measuring instrument may be used to check whether heavy metals, radionuclides, and the like remain in the processing liquid discharged from the column. When the concentration of these elements is equal to or higher than the reference value, the processing liquid is returned to the column again and reprocessing is continuously performed. The waste liquid treatment apparatus is preferably used in an airtight chamber controlled to a negative pressure such as a glove box or a hood in order to prevent scattering and leakage of radioactive elements.

したがって、本実施形態によれば、異なる抽出剤又は吸着剤を内包したマイクロカプセルを混合してカラムに充填し、廃液をこのカラムに供給することによって、廃液中から複数種類の元素を同時に且つ容易に除去することができる。   Therefore, according to the present embodiment, by mixing microcapsules containing different extractants or adsorbents, filling the column, and supplying the waste liquid to this column, it is possible to simultaneously and easily make multiple types of elements from the waste liquid. Can be removed.

（第２の実施形態）
本発明の第２の実施形態に係る廃液処理方法について、図２を参照して説明する。図２は、本実施形態に係る廃液処理装置である。なお、図１と同一部分には、同一符号を付し、その説明を一部省略する。 (Second Embodiment)
A waste liquid treatment method according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 shows a waste liquid treatment apparatus according to this embodiment. Note that the same parts as those in FIG.

図２に示すように、上述した、ＴＢＰを内包したマイクロカプセルＡ６と、不溶性フェロシアン化物を内包したマイクロカプセルＢ７を、それぞれ別々のカラム２２、２３に充填してもよい。これによって、同一の装置を用いて、ウランとセシウムが溶存する廃液中から、連続的にこれらを除去することができる。   As shown in FIG. 2, the above-described microcapsules A6 encapsulating TBP and microcapsules B7 encapsulating insoluble ferrocyanide may be packed in separate columns 22 and 23, respectively. Thereby, using the same apparatus, these can be continuously removed from the waste liquid in which uranium and cesium are dissolved.

以上のような構成により、この廃液処理装置２１では廃液処理に際して、まず廃液タンク２から、廃液供給ポンプ４を用いて、ウランとセシウムが溶存する廃液を第１のカラム２２に供給して、マイクロカプセルＡ６と接触させて、廃液中からウランを除去する。次に、第１のカラム２２を経て、ウランが除去された廃液を第２のカラム２３に供給して、マイクロカプセルＢ７と接触させて、廃液中から、残存するセシウムを除去する。ウランとセシウムが除去された処理済みの廃液は、処理液タンク５に送られる。   With the configuration as described above, in the waste liquid treatment apparatus 21, when waste liquid treatment is performed, first, the waste liquid in which uranium and cesium are dissolved is supplied from the waste liquid tank 2 to the first column 22 by using the waste liquid supply pump 4. Uranium is removed from the waste liquid by contacting with capsule A6. Next, the waste liquid from which uranium has been removed is supplied to the second column 23 through the first column 22, and is brought into contact with the microcapsule B7 to remove the remaining cesium from the waste liquid. The treated waste liquid from which uranium and cesium have been removed is sent to the treatment liquid tank 5.

したがって、本実施形態によれば、内包する吸着剤又は抽出剤が異なるマイクロカプセルを、それぞれ別々のカラムに充填し、廃液をこれらのカラムに連続して供給することによって、廃液中から複数種類の元素を容易に除去することができる。   Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the microcapsules having different adsorbents or extractants to be encapsulated are filled in separate columns, respectively, and the waste liquid is continuously supplied to these columns, so that a plurality of types of waste can be obtained from the waste liquid. Elements can be easily removed.

（第３の実施形態）
本発明の第３の実施形態に係る廃液処理方法について、図３を参照して説明する。図３は、本実施形態に係る廃液処理装置である。なお、図１と同一部分には、同一符号を付し、その説明を一部省略する。 (Third embodiment)
A waste liquid treatment method according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 shows a waste liquid treatment apparatus according to this embodiment. Note that the same parts as those in FIG.

図３に示すように、廃液処理装置３１では、廃液をカラム３に供給した後、重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応又は吸着したマイクロカプセルＡ６とマイクロカプセルＢ７が充填されたカラム３に、薬剤タンク８から、薬剤供給ポンプ９を介して薬剤を供給し、重金属及び／又は放射性核種を溶離させて、薬剤受けタンク１０に、重金属及び／又は放射性核種を回収してもよい。   As shown in FIG. 3, in the waste liquid treatment apparatus 31, after the waste liquid is supplied to the column 3, the column 3 filled with the microcapsules A6 and microcapsules B7 reacted or adsorbed with heavy metals and / or radionuclides is added to the drug tank. The drug may be supplied from 8 through the drug supply pump 9 to elute the heavy metal and / or radionuclide, and the heavy metal and / or radionuclide may be recovered in the drug receiving tank 10.

ここで、テクネチウムが溶存する廃液に対して、テクネチウムの抽出剤としてＴＢＰを用いた場合の反応式を用いて説明する。
Ｈ＋＋ＴｃＯ４ −＋３ＴＢＰ⇔ＨＴｃＯ４・３ＴＢＰ Here, it demonstrates using the reaction formula at the time of using TBP as an extractant of technetium with respect to the waste liquid in which technetium is dissolved.
H + + T c O 4 − + 3TBP⇔HT c O 4 · 3TBP

上式に示すように、水中のテクネチウムは、過テクネチウム酸（ＴｃＯ４ −）の形態で存在しており、ＴＢＰによってテクネチウムＴＢＰ錯体（ＨＴｃＯ４・３ＴＢＰ）を生成し、水から分離されている。水中のＨ＋濃度が高い場合には、上記式の平衡は右に移動して、溶存するテクネチウムとカプセル内のＴＢＰとが反応し易くなる。一方、Ｈ＋濃度が低い場合には、上記式の平衡が左に移動して、カプセル内に抽出されたテクネチウムを溶離することができる。そのため、薬剤として処理液に比べてＨ＋濃度の低い薬剤を用いることにより、カプセル内からテクネチウムを溶離することが可能となる。 As shown in the above formula, technetium in water exists in the form of pertechnetic acid (T c O 4 − ), and technetium TBP complex (HT c O 4 .3TBP) is generated by TBP and separated from water. Has been. When the H + concentration in water is high, the equilibrium in the above equation shifts to the right, and the dissolved technetium and the TBP in the capsule easily react. On the other hand, when the H + concentration is low, the equilibrium of the above equation moves to the left, and the technetium extracted in the capsule can be eluted. Therefore, technetium can be eluted from the capsule by using a drug having a lower H + concentration than the treatment liquid as the drug.

したがって、本実施形態によれば、重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応又は吸着したマイクロカプセルに薬剤を供給してこれらの元素を溶離し、回収することによって、マイクロカプセルを再利用することができる。   Therefore, according to this embodiment, a microcapsule can be reused by supplying a drug to a microcapsule that has reacted or adsorbed with a heavy metal and / or a radionuclide to elute and collect these elements.

上記いずれの実施形態においてもマイクロカプセルをカラムに充填して用いているが、該カプセルをフィルターにコートして用いてもよい。これにより、重金属、放射性核種の他に、さらに微粒子が分散した廃液であっても、抽出剤又は吸着剤を内包したマイクロカプセルがプリコートされたフィルターに廃液を通液させることによって、カプセル内に重金属及び／又は放射性核種を閉じ込めて除去するとともに、微粒子を捕捉することができる。   In any of the above embodiments, the microcapsules are filled in a column and used, but the capsules may be coated on a filter and used. As a result, in addition to heavy metals and radioactive nuclides, even in the case of waste liquid in which fine particles are dispersed, the waste liquid is passed through a filter pre-coated with microcapsules containing an extractant or adsorbent, thereby allowing heavy metal to enter the capsule. And / or the radionuclide can be trapped and removed and the particulates can be captured.

したがって、本発明の廃液処理方法によれば、廃液中に、重金属、放射性核種などの多種類の元素が溶存する場合でも、これらの元素と選択的に反応し又は吸着する、抽出剤又は吸着剤を用いることによって、スラッジ等の二次廃棄物が発生することなく、一度に多種類の元素を廃液から除去することができる。   Therefore, according to the waste liquid treatment method of the present invention, even when many kinds of elements such as heavy metals and radionuclides are dissolved in the waste liquid, the extractant or the adsorbent that selectively reacts with or adsorbs these elements. By using, many kinds of elements can be removed from the waste liquid at a time without generating secondary waste such as sludge.

このような本発明の廃液処理方法を用いた廃液処理装置によれば、簡便な装置を用いることによって、容易に且つ低コストで重金属、放射性核種などを廃液中から処理することができる。   According to the waste liquid treatment apparatus using such a waste liquid treatment method of the present invention, heavy metals, radionuclides and the like can be treated from waste liquid easily and at low cost by using a simple apparatus.

本発明の第１の実施形態に係る廃液処理装置を示す概略系統図である。1 is a schematic system diagram showing a waste liquid treatment apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第２の実施形態に係る廃液処理装置を示す概略系統図である。It is a schematic system diagram which shows the waste liquid processing apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施形態に係る廃液処理装置を示す概略系統図である。It is a schematic system diagram which shows the waste liquid processing apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…廃液処理装置、２…廃液タンク、３…カラム、４…廃液供給ポンプ、５…処理液タンク、６…マイクロカプセルＡ、７…マイクロカプセルＢ、８…薬剤タンク、９…薬剤供給ポンプ、１０…薬剤受けタンク、２１…廃液処理装置、２２…第１のカラム、２３…第２のカラム、３１…廃液処理装置。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Waste liquid processing apparatus, 2 ... Waste liquid tank, 3 ... Column, 4 ... Waste liquid supply pump, 5 ... Treatment liquid tank, 6 ... Microcapsule A, 7 ... Microcapsule B, 8 ... Drug tank, 9 ... Drug supply pump, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Chemical receiving tank, 21 ... Waste liquid processing apparatus, 22 ... 1st column, 23 ... 2nd column, 31 ... Waste liquid processing apparatus.

Claims (7)

重金属及び／又は放射性核種を含む元素が溶存する廃液を、前記重金属及び／又は放射性核種のうち特定の重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応する抽出剤又は吸着する吸着剤をアルギン酸で内包するマイクロカプセルと接触させて、前記廃液中から前記重金属及び／又は放射性核種を除去することを特徴とする廃液処理方法。 A microcapsule in which a waste liquid in which an element containing a heavy metal and / or a radionuclide is dissolved, an extractant that reacts with the specific heavy metal and / or radionuclide among the heavy metal and / or the radionuclide or an adsorbent that adsorbs with alginate A waste liquid treatment method comprising contacting and removing the heavy metal and / or radionuclide from the waste liquid. 前記廃液には複数種類の元素が溶存し、且つ前記マイクロカプセルは特定の重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応し又は吸着する物質を含む複数種類を有することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の廃液処理方法。   2. The waste liquid according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of types of elements are dissolved in the waste liquid, and the microcapsule has a plurality of types including a substance that reacts or adsorbs with a specific heavy metal and / or radionuclide. Processing method. 重金属及び／又は放射性核種を含む複数種類の元素が溶存する廃液を、前記重金属及び／又は放射性核種の一部と反応する抽出剤又は吸着する吸着剤をアルギン酸で内包するマイクロカプセルと接触させて、前記廃液中から前記重金属及び／又は放射性核種の一部を除去する第１の除去工程と、
前記第１の除去工程を経た廃液を、残った重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応する抽出剤又は吸着する吸着剤をアルギン酸で内包するマイクロカプセルと接触させて、前記廃液中から残りの前記重金属及び／又は放射性核種を除去する第２の除去工程と
を有することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の廃液処理方法。 A waste liquid in which a plurality of types of elements including heavy metals and / or radionuclides are dissolved is brought into contact with a microcapsule enclosing an extractant or adsorbing adsorbent that reacts with a part of the heavy metals and / or radionuclides with alginic acid , A first removal step of removing a part of the heavy metal and / or radionuclide from the waste liquid;
The waste liquid that has passed through the first removal step is brought into contact with the remaining heavy metal and / or a microcapsule that encapsulates an adsorbent that is adsorbed with alginic acid and / or an adsorbent that is adsorbed with alginic acid. A waste liquid treatment method according to claim 2, further comprising a second removal step of removing the radionuclide. 前記マイクロカプセルには、前記重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応する抽出剤又は吸着する吸着剤の他に、鉄酸化物が含まれていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項に記載の廃液処理方法。 4. The microcapsule includes an iron oxide in addition to an extractant that reacts with the heavy metal and / or radionuclide or an adsorbent that adsorbs the microcapsule. The waste liquid treatment method as described in 4. 特定の重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応する抽出剤又は吸着する吸着剤をアルギン酸で内包するマイクロカプセルを、流入口と流出口とを備えたカラムに充填してなることを特徴とする廃液処理装置。 A waste liquid treatment apparatus comprising: a microcapsule containing an extraction agent that reacts with a specific heavy metal and / or a radionuclide or an adsorbent that is adsorbed with alginic acid in a column having an inlet and an outlet. . 特定の重金属及び／又は放射性核種と反応する抽出剤又は吸着する吸着剤をアルギン酸で内包するマイクロカプセルを、フィルターにコートしてなることを特徴とする廃液処理装置。 A waste liquid treatment apparatus, wherein a filter is coated with microcapsules enclosing an extractant that reacts with a specific heavy metal and / or radionuclide or an adsorbent that is adsorbed with alginic acid . 前記廃液処理装置は、負圧にされた気密室内に設置されることを特徴とする請求項５又は６に記載の廃液処理装置。   The waste liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the waste liquid treatment apparatus is installed in an airtight chamber that is set to a negative pressure.
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