JP4573081B2 - Tunnel formation method - Google Patents

Tunnel formation method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4573081B2
JP4573081B2 JP2001135184A JP2001135184A JP4573081B2 JP 4573081 B2 JP4573081 B2 JP 4573081B2 JP 2001135184 A JP2001135184 A JP 2001135184A JP 2001135184 A JP2001135184 A JP 2001135184A JP 4573081 B2 JP4573081 B2 JP 4573081B2
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Prior art keywords
tunnel
reservoir
water
opening
ground
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JP2002327427A (en
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正信 黒田
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Shimizu Corp
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Shimizu Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はトンネルの形成方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
水力発電所においては、供給電力に余裕があるとき(夜間時など)に、その水力発電所からの放水を一時的に受け貯める下位の貯水池(調整池)から上位の発電用貯水池に水を汲み上げておき、それを再度、下位の貯水池に落すことで発電する揚水発電が行なえるようにした設備があり、ピーク時などの電力の必要なときに対応するようにしている。
また、近年にあっては、複数の発電用貯水池を供用している水力発電施設において、高低差のある二ヶ所の発電用貯水池をトンネルでつないで、必要に応じて下位の発電用貯水池から上位の発電用貯水池に水を汲み上げておき、それを再度、下位の発電用貯水池に落して揚水発電を行なえるようにすることが検討されるようになっている。
【0003】
しかしながら、トンネルによりつなごうとする発電用貯水池それぞれを空にせずに水力発電施設を稼働させた状態としながら、発電用貯水池を通水用のトンネルでつなぐには、大きな水深を持つ貯水池の通常の取水部より低い水底付近(水深50m〜200m位)にトンネル開口を設ける必要があり、その施工が困難であるという問題がある。
そこで本発明は上記課題を考慮してなされたもので、貯水池を空にすることなくトンネル開口となる部分を予め施蓋状態において、トンネルの掘削作業を行なえるようにすることを課題とし、貯水池をつなぐ通水用のトンネルの形成が簡単に行なえるようにすることを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記課題を考慮してなされたもので、上位にある貯水池と下位にある貯水池とをつなぐトンネルを形成するにあたり、前記貯水池それぞれにおけるトンネル開口予定部の周りに凍結手段を設けるとともに、前記トンネル開口予定部を含んで前記凍結手段を設けた領域を注水管付きの断熱シートで覆い、前記断熱シートで覆った領域に注水し、前記凍結手段により前記注水された水を凍結して前記トンネル開口予定部を覆う氷を形成し、地中よりトンネルを掘り進め、前記氷で覆った状態のままトンネル開口予定部を開口して両貯水池間にトンネルを貫通させた後、前記氷を除去することを特徴とするトンネルの形成方法を提供して、上記課題を解消するものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
つぎに本発明を図1から図5に示す実施の形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。
図5に示されているように、図中1と2は高低差のある発電用の貯水池であって、水力発電施設に供用されている貯水池である。そして、貯水池1、2を利用して揚水発電を行なえるようにこの貯水池1、2をつなぐトンネルの形成を以下の通りに行なう。なお、図1から図4においては、一方の貯水池1側での工程を示しているが、もう一方の貯水池2においても同様に行なうものである。
まず、図1に示すように上位の貯水池1と下位の貯水池2とにおけるトンネル開口予定部3の周りに凍結管4aからなる凍結手段4を設ける。この凍結手段4を構成する凍結管4aは送り込まれる凍結材の作用によって管周囲の環境を氷点下に冷却するものであり、トンネル開口予定部3の周りの地面5上に、例えばこのトンネル開口予定部3を中心として渦巻状に配設する。また、地表部側からボウリングを行ない、トンネル開口予定部3の周りにおける地中部分に前記凍結管4aを設けるようにしてもよい。さらに、後述するように予めトンネル開口予定部3の近傍までトンネルを掘り進めておき、掘削先端側から前記凍結管4aを埋め込んで、凍結手段4がトンネル開口予定部3の周りに設けられるようにしてもよい。
そして、上記凍結手段4を設けるとともに、トンネル開口予定部3を含んで凍結手段4を設けた領域を、地表部側から注水する注水管6が接続されている断熱シート7で水中側から覆い、その断熱シート7の周辺を地面5に固定する。
【0006】
つぎに図2に示されているように、上記注水管6から注水を行ない、凍結手段4を動作させて断熱シート7と地面5との間に注水された水を凍結させる。このように断熱シート7と地面5との間に注水した水を凍結させることからキャップ状に結氷し、トンネル開口予定部3とこのトンネル開口予定部3の周りの地面5に氷塊8が密着した状態で形成されることになる。そして、この氷塊8の密着によりトンネル開口予定部3に対応する部分及びその周りの地盤が極めて安定した状態となる。
上記凍結手段4により上記水が凍結する際、断熱シート7に対応している地面5側の地中部分も凍結して凍結地盤9が形成されるようになり、上記氷塊8の密着と併せて、トンネル開口予定部3に対応する部分及びその周りの地盤がより安定した状態となる。
なお、上述したように凍結手段4をボウリングして凍結管4aを配設したり、また掘削を先行したトンネルの掘削先端側から凍結管4aを配設して形成した場合においても、断熱シート7と地面5との間で氷塊8が形成されて地面5に密着するとともに、凍結地盤9も形成される。また、氷塊8の強度を高めるために、注入する水に砂やベントナイトを含有してもよい。
【0007】
つぎに図3に示されているように、貯水池1と貯水池2との間から前記貯水池1と貯水池2とのそれぞれにおける氷塊8までトンネル10を掘り進めてトンネル開口予定部3の位置を開口させ、貯水池1と貯水池2との間にトンネル10を貫通形成させる。そして、前記トンネル10の行程中の所要の位置にタービンなどの揚水発電機器11を設置してから、このトンネル10に貯水池1からの水を導き入れるようにする。トンネル10に水を導き入れる際には、上記注水管6と断熱シート7を取り外して氷塊8を取り除くようにすればよい。注水管6、断熱シート7の取り外し、氷塊8の取り除きを図において貯水池1側で示しているが、両貯水池1、2で行われるものである。なお、上記凍結手段4において凍結管4aを地面5の表面側に配置した場合、例えば水の導き入れを行なってからこの凍結管4aを取り外すようにすればよく、これによって図4に示すように前記凍結管4aを取り除いて孔口処理したトンネル開口12が形成できる。
また、凍結管4aをボウリングにより配置したり、先行トンネルの掘削先端から配設した場合には埋設した状態のままで構わない。
なお、図において13は作業用の立坑である。
【0008】
【発明の効果】
以上説明した本発明によれば、上位にある貯水池と下位にある貯水池とをつなぐトンネルを形成するにあたり、前記貯水池それぞれにおけるトンネル開口予定部の周りに凍結手段を設けるとともに、前記トンネル開口予定部を含んで前記凍結手段を設けた領域を注水管付きの断熱シートで覆い、前記断熱シートで覆った領域に注水し、前記凍結手段により前記注水された水を凍結して前記トンネル開口予定部を覆う氷を形成し、地中よりトンネルを掘り進め、前記氷で覆った状態のままトンネル開口予定部を開口して両貯水池間にトンネルを貫通させた後、前記氷を除去することを特徴とするものである。
このように、トンネル開口予定部を予め氷で覆ってから、地中よりトンネルを前記トンネル開口予定部に達するように掘り進めて、トンネル開口予定部を開口し、その後に前記氷の取り除きを行なうため、貯水池を空にすることなく水深が深い位置であってもトンネルを貫通形成できるようになり、例えば、水力発電所などの貯水池であっても、発電を止める必要がない。また、トンネル形成の最終段階までトンネル端部を貯水池の水中に向けて開放していないため、止水に係るコストを大幅に低減できるなど、実用性に優れた効果を奏するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る揚水発電用トンネルの形成方法の一例における凍結手段と断熱シートとを示す説明図である。
【図2】一例における氷塊の形成を示す説明図である。
【図3】一例におけるトンネルの貫通を示す説明図である。
【図4】一例におけるトンネルへの水の導入を示す説明図である。
【図5】貯水池と揚水発電機能を設けた水力発電施設を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1、2…貯水池
3…トンネル開口予定部
4…凍結手段
4a…凍結管
5…地面
6…注水管
7…断熱シート
8…氷塊
9…凍結地盤
10…トンネル
11…揚水発電機器
12…トンネル開口
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tunnel forming method.
[0002]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In a hydroelectric power plant, when there is a surplus in power supply (such as at night), water is pumped from the lower reservoir (regulatory pond) that temporarily receives and stores the water discharged from the hydroelectric power plant to the upper power generation reservoir. In addition, there is a facility that can perform pumped-storage power generation by dropping it into a lower reservoir, so that it can cope with the need for electric power during peak hours.
Also, in recent years, in a hydroelectric power generation facility that uses multiple power generation reservoirs, two power generation reservoirs with different heights are connected by a tunnel, and if necessary, the lower power generation reservoir can be It has been considered that water is pumped into a power generation reservoir of this time and then dropped into a lower power generation reservoir so that pumped-storage power generation can be performed.
[0003]
However, in order to connect a power generation reservoir with a water tunnel while leaving the power generation reservoirs to be connected by tunnels empty, the normal intake of a reservoir with a large depth is required. There is a problem that it is necessary to provide a tunnel opening in the vicinity of the bottom of the water (about 50 m to 200 m in depth) lower than the part, and the construction is difficult.
Accordingly, the present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to enable excavation work of a tunnel in a state where a tunnel opening is previously covered without emptying the reservoir. The purpose is to make it easy to form a tunnel for passing water.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and in forming a tunnel connecting the upper reservoir and the lower reservoir, freezing means are provided around the tunnel opening planned portion in each of the reservoirs, and An area including the planned opening of the tunnel and provided with the freezing means is covered with a heat insulating sheet with a water injection pipe, water is injected into the area covered with the heat insulating sheet, and the injected water is frozen by the freezing means. Form ice to cover the planned opening, dig a tunnel from the ground, open the planned tunnel opening with the ice covered, penetrate the tunnel between the two reservoirs, and then remove the ice The above-described problems are solved by providing a tunnel forming method characterized by the above.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in detail based on the embodiment shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 5, reference numerals 1 and 2 in the figure denote power generation reservoirs having a difference in elevation, which are used for hydroelectric power generation facilities. Then, a tunnel connecting the reservoirs 1 and 2 is formed as follows so that the pumped storage power generation can be performed using the reservoirs 1 and 2. Although FIGS. 1 to 4 show the process on the one reservoir 1 side, the process is similarly performed on the other reservoir 2.
First, as shown in FIG. 1, freezing means 4 including a freezing pipe 4 a is provided around a tunnel opening planned portion 3 in an upper reservoir 1 and a lower reservoir 2. The freezing pipe 4a constituting the freezing means 4 cools the environment around the pipe below the freezing point by the action of the frozen material to be fed, and is formed on the ground 5 around the planned opening portion 3 of the tunnel, for example, the planned opening portion of the tunnel. 3 is arranged in a spiral shape. Alternatively, the freezing pipe 4a may be provided in the underground portion around the planned tunnel opening 3 by bowling from the ground surface side. Further, as will be described later, a tunnel is dug up to the vicinity of the planned tunnel opening 3 in advance, and the freezing means 4 is provided around the planned tunnel opening 3 by embedding the frozen pipe 4a from the excavation tip side. May be.
And while providing the said freezing means 4, and covering the area | region which provided the freezing means 4 including the tunnel opening plan part 3 from the underwater side with the heat insulation sheet 7 to which the water injection pipe 6 which injects water from the ground surface side is connected, The periphery of the heat insulating sheet 7 is fixed to the ground 5.
[0006]
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, water is injected from the water injection pipe 6, and the freezing means 4 is operated to freeze the water injected between the heat insulating sheet 7 and the ground 5. Since the water poured between the heat insulating sheet 7 and the ground 5 is frozen in this manner, the cap is frozen, and the ice block 8 is in close contact with the tunnel opening planned portion 3 and the ground 5 around the tunnel opening planned portion 3. It will be formed in the state. Then, due to the close contact of the ice block 8, the portion corresponding to the tunnel opening scheduled portion 3 and the ground around it are in an extremely stable state.
When the water is frozen by the freezing means 4, the underground portion on the ground 5 side corresponding to the heat insulating sheet 7 is also frozen to form a frozen ground 9. The portion corresponding to the planned tunnel opening portion 3 and the ground around it are more stable.
As described above, even when the freezing means 4 is bowled to dispose the freezing pipe 4a, or when the freezing pipe 4a is provided from the excavation tip side of the tunnel that has been excavated, the heat insulating sheet 7 is also formed. An ice block 8 is formed between the ground 5 and the ground 5 and is in close contact with the ground 5, and a frozen ground 9 is also formed. Further, in order to increase the strength of the ice block 8, the water to be injected may contain sand or bentonite.
[0007]
Next, as shown in FIG. 3, a tunnel 10 is dug up from between the reservoir 1 and the reservoir 2 to the ice block 8 in each of the reservoir 1 and the reservoir 2 to open the position of the planned tunnel opening 3. The tunnel 10 is formed to penetrate between the reservoir 1 and the reservoir 2. Then, after installing a pumped-storage power generation device 11 such as a turbine at a required position in the process of the tunnel 10, water from the reservoir 1 is introduced into the tunnel 10. When water is introduced into the tunnel 10, the water injection pipe 6 and the heat insulating sheet 7 may be removed to remove the ice block 8. Although the removal of the water injection pipe 6 and the heat insulating sheet 7 and the removal of the ice block 8 are shown on the side of the reservoir 1 in the figure, they are performed in both the reservoirs 1 and 2. When the freezing tube 4a is arranged on the surface side of the ground 5 in the freezing means 4, for example, the freezing tube 4a may be removed after introducing water, and as shown in FIG. The tunnel opening 12 can be formed by removing the freezing tube 4a and processing the hole.
Further, when the freezing pipe 4a is disposed by bowling or disposed from the excavation tip of the preceding tunnel, it may remain in the embedded state.
In the figure, reference numeral 13 denotes a work shaft.
[0008]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention described above, in forming a tunnel connecting the upper reservoir and the lower reservoir, freezing means are provided around the tunnel opening planned portion in each of the reservoirs, and the tunnel opening planned portion is The area where the freezing means is provided is covered with a heat insulating sheet with a water injection pipe, water is injected into the area covered with the heat insulating sheet, and the water injected by the freezing means is frozen to cover the tunnel opening planned portion. Forming ice, digging a tunnel from the ground, opening the tunnel opening planned part in the state covered with the ice and penetrating the tunnel between the two reservoirs, removing the ice Is.
In this way, the tunnel opening planned portion is covered with ice in advance, and then the tunnel is dug from the ground to reach the tunnel opening planned portion, the tunnel opening planned portion is opened, and then the ice is removed. Therefore, the tunnel can be formed through the tunnel even when the water depth is deep without emptying the reservoir. For example, it is not necessary to stop power generation even in a reservoir such as a hydroelectric power plant. In addition, since the end of the tunnel is not open to the water in the reservoir until the final stage of tunnel formation, the cost of water stoppage can be greatly reduced, and the effect of excellent practicality is achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a freezing means and a heat insulating sheet in an example of a method for forming a pumped-storage power generation tunnel according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the formation of ice blocks in one example.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing tunnel penetration in an example.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing introduction of water into a tunnel in one example.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a hydroelectric power generation facility provided with a reservoir and a pumped-storage power generation function.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 ... Reservoir 3 ... Tunnel opening plan part 4 ... Freezing means 4a ... Freezing pipe 5 ... Ground 6 ... Water injection pipe 7 ... Thermal insulation sheet 8 ... Ice block 9 ... Frozen ground 10 ... Tunnel 11 ... Pumped-storage power generation equipment 12 ... Tunnel opening

Claims (1)

上位にある貯水池と下位にある貯水池とをつなぐトンネルを形成するにあたり、
前記貯水池それぞれにおけるトンネル開口予定部の周りに凍結手段を設けるとともに、前記トンネル開口予定部を含んで前記凍結手段を設けた領域を注水管付きの断熱シートで覆い、
前記断熱シートで覆った領域に注水し、前記凍結手段により前記注水された水を凍結して前記トンネル開口予定部を覆う氷を形成し、
地中よりトンネルを掘り進め、前記氷で覆った状態のままトンネル開口予定部を開口して両貯水池間にトンネルを貫通させた後、前記氷を除去することを特徴とするトンネルの形成方法。
In forming a tunnel connecting the upper reservoir and the lower reservoir,
While providing freezing means around the tunnel opening planned portion in each of the reservoirs, and covering the region provided with the freezing means including the tunnel opening planned portion with a heat insulating sheet with a water injection pipe,
Water is poured into the region covered with the heat insulating sheet, the water poured by the freezing means is frozen to form ice covering the tunnel opening planned portion,
A method for forming a tunnel, comprising: digging a tunnel from the ground, opening a planned opening portion of the tunnel in a state of being covered with the ice, penetrating the tunnel between both reservoirs, and then removing the ice.
JP2001135184A 2001-05-02 2001-05-02 Tunnel formation method Expired - Fee Related JP4573081B2 (en)

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CN109024683A (en) * 2018-09-04 2018-12-18 中国电建集团铁路建设有限公司 A kind of extremely frigid zones subway station insulation construction

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51103637A (en) * 1975-03-10 1976-09-13 Akimi Morii
JPS5221611A (en) * 1975-08-13 1977-02-18 Hitachi Ltd Operation control appliance for power station
JPS62280409A (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-05 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Water-proof device for construction of underwater facility

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51103637A (en) * 1975-03-10 1976-09-13 Akimi Morii
JPS5221611A (en) * 1975-08-13 1977-02-18 Hitachi Ltd Operation control appliance for power station
JPS62280409A (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-05 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Water-proof device for construction of underwater facility

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