JP4572715B2 - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus that forms an image by an electrophotographic process including charging, exposure, development, transfer, and the like.

  An electrophotographic image forming method is generally performed as follows using an image forming apparatus. That is, first, an electrostatic latent image is formed on an electrophotographic photoreceptor (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “photoreceptor”) through a charging step and an exposure step. Next, in the development step, the electrostatic latent image is developed with a developer containing toner to form a toner image. Subsequently, through a transfer process, a fixing process, and the like, toner is transferred onto a transfer medium such as a sheet to form an image. After the toner is transferred, the toner on the photoreceptor and paper dust from the paper are removed using a cleaning means. The cleaned photoreceptor is subjected to a series of steps from the charging step again in the next electrophotographic process after the residual potential on the surface is removed by the discharging step.

  In the image forming apparatus as described above, paper powder such as talc generated from the paper as the transfer medium adheres to the surface of the photoconductor during the electrophotographic process, and the paper has not been sufficiently removed by the cleaning means. There is a problem that image quality defects such as image flow are caused when powder or the like remains on the surface of the photoreceptor as a foreign matter. In particular, in the case of an image forming apparatus that directly transfers a toner image onto a sheet from a photoreceptor, the above problem becomes significant. In order to remedy this problem, in the conventional image forming apparatus, the cleaning performance is improved by removing the surface of the photoreceptor along with paper dust by a cleaning means.

  As a method for removing the surface of the photoreceptor from abrasion, for example, a method using a strong rubbing force by a cleaning means, a method of providing a polishing roll separately, and a charging roll, a developing roll, a transfer roll, etc. There is known a method in which a difference in peripheral speed is provided for sliding.

  However, organic photoreceptors that are widely used as electrophotographic photoreceptors generally have lower mechanical strength than inorganic photoreceptors, and when used while actively removing the surface of the photoreceptor as described above, There is a strong tendency to shorten the service life due to scratches and wear caused by external force. When the wear of the photosensitive member increases, problems such as a decrease in image density due to a decrease in sensitivity and occurrence of fogging in an image due to a decrease in charging potential arise.

  Therefore, as an image forming apparatus capable of removing paper dust and the like while suppressing the limitation of the life due to scratches and abrasion of the photoconductor, the charging unit, the exposure unit, the developing unit, the transfer unit, etc. are controlled, and the photoconductor is An image forming apparatus configured to be worn slightly is proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-9-251265

  However, even with the image forming apparatus described in Patent Document 1, the compatibility between the removal of paper dust and the like and the suppression of the occurrence of scratches and wear on the photoreceptor are not always sufficient, and further improvements are made. Had room for.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and paper dust such as talc transferred from a paper as a transfer medium to a photoconductor can be sufficiently removed by a cleaning means, and can be used for a long time. An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus capable of suppressing image defects such as image flow and sufficiently suppressing the occurrence of scratches and wear in an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a conductive support and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive support and having an outermost surface layer disposed on the side farthest from the conductive support. An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a layer; a charging means for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member; an exposure means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member; and developing the electrostatic latent image with toner. Developing means for forming a toner image; transfer means for transferring the toner image from the electrophotographic photosensitive member to paper; and cleaning paper dust from the paper remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after transfer. A cleaning means for removing by means of a member, wherein the outermost surface layer contains a fluorine compound, and the cleaning member contains a fluorine compound in the cleaning member body or a fluorine-based compound. A surface coating layer containing a compound, wherein a fluorine atom content ratio in the cleaning member surface is larger than a fluorine atom content ratio in the outermost surface layer, the outermost surface layer, the cleaning member surface, and The image forming apparatus is characterized in that the relationship between the charged columns of the paper is the paper, the outermost surface layer, and the surface of the cleaning member in order from the plus side.

  Here, the content ratio of fluorine atoms on the surface of the cleaning member and the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member are determined by an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) for each sample surface (several cm × several cm). It can be obtained by measuring.

  The relationship between the charged trains can be obtained based on JIS L1094 using a frictional voltage measuring machine. That is, first, an oscilloscope is connected to the measuring instrument, a static cloth (cotton) is attached to the measuring instrument, and a test piece (cleaning member, outermost surface layer and paper attached to the rotating body with a load of 4.9 N applied thereto) ) Install so that the surface is rubbed. Next, by rotating the rotating drum, the test piece is rubbed with the friction cloth, and the charged voltage 60 seconds after the friction start is measured. When the charging voltage (V) of the cleaning member, the outermost layer, and the paper measured in this way are compared, the negative voltage (-) is more negative, and the charging column is positioned on the negative side. The order of the columns can be determined.

  In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the fluorine compound having a tendency that the charged column is strongly negative (-) is contained in the outermost surface layer of the cleaning member and the photosensitive member, and the content ratio of fluorine atoms on the surface of the cleaning member is maximized. The outermost surface layer of the photoconductor and the outermost surface layer are configured such that the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the surface layer is larger than that of the cleaning member, the outermost surface layer, and the charge train of the paper satisfy the above relationship. The electrostatic adhesion between the cleaning member and the paper dust can be made higher than the electrostatic adhesion between the paper dust (talc, etc.) adhering to the toner, and once adheres to the surface of the photoreceptor. The paper dust that has been removed can be easily removed by the cleaning means provided with the cleaning member. At the same time, the removability of adhering substances other than paper dust such as toner can be improved, and the occurrence of filming that the adhering substances accumulate on the surface of the photoreceptor can be sufficiently suppressed. As a result, the image forming apparatus can obtain good image quality in which occurrence of image defects such as image flow is sufficiently suppressed over a long period of time. Furthermore, since the deposits can be easily removed, it is not necessary to remove the paper dust and the like together with the photosensitive member by the cleaning means, and it is possible to sufficiently suppress the generation of scratches and abrasion on the photosensitive member. It becomes possible.

  In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the fluorine compound is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluororesin and a fluorine-containing coupling agent.

  By using such a fluorine-based compound, it is possible to easily configure the cleaning member, the outermost surface layer, and the paper so as to satisfy the relationship of the above-described charging train, and more sufficiently adherence such as paper dust from the photoreceptor surface. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the occurrence of image defects such as image flow over a long period of time. In addition, it is possible to more sufficiently suppress the occurrence of scratches, wear, and the like on the photoconductor.

  Further, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the cleaning member is preferably a blade member or a brush member.

  By using these cleaning members, it is possible to more sufficiently remove deposits such as paper dust from the surface of the photoreceptor, and it is possible to sufficiently suppress the occurrence of image defects such as image flow over a long period of time. Become. In particular, when an elastic blade member or a brush member is used for the cleaning member, it is possible to more sufficiently suppress the occurrence of scratches, wear, etc. on the photoreceptor.

  According to the present invention, paper dust (such as talc) adhering to the photoreceptor can be sufficiently removed by the cleaning means, and image defects such as image flow can be sufficiently suppressed over a long period of time, It is possible to provide an image forming apparatus capable of sufficiently suppressing the occurrence of scratches or wear on the photoreceptor.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a basic configuration of a preferred embodiment of an image forming apparatus of the present invention. The image forming apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 1 includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member 7, a non-contact charging type charging unit 8 that charges the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7, a power source 9 connected to the charging unit 8, and a charging unit 8. An exposure unit 10 that exposes the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member 7 to form an electrostatic latent image; a developing unit 11 that develops the formed electrostatic latent image with toner to form a toner image; and A transfer means 12 for transferring from the photographic photosensitive member 7 to the paper 20, a cleaning means 13 for removing toner remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7 after transfer and paper dust from the paper 20 by a blade member 13a; An electric device 14 and fixing means 15 are provided.

  In the image forming apparatus 200, the electrophotographic photoreceptor 7 is a photosensitive support having a conductive support and an outermost surface layer disposed on the side farthest from the conductive support. It has the structure provided with a layer. The outermost surface layer contains a fluorine compound. Further, as the blade member 13a which is a cleaning member in the cleaning means 13, a blade member body containing a fluorine compound or a base blade member covered with a surface coating layer containing a fluorine compound is coated. Things are used. Further, the content ratio of fluorine atoms on the surface of the blade member 13a is larger than the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor 7, and the outermost surface layer, the surface of the blade member 13a, and the charged train of the paper. Are the paper, the outermost surface layer, and the surface of the blade member 13a in order from the plus side.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a basic configuration of another embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. An image forming apparatus 210 shown in FIG. 2 includes a charging unit 8 that charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor 7 by a contact charging method, toner remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 7 after transfer, and paper dust from the paper 20. The image forming apparatus 200 has the same configuration as that of the image forming apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 1 except that it includes a cleaning unit 13 that is removed by the brassiere member 13b. At this time, as the charging means 8, a contact-type charging means in which an AC voltage is superimposed on a DC voltage can be preferably used because it has excellent wear resistance. In this case, the static eliminator 14 may not be provided.

  Also in the image forming apparatus 210, the brush member 13b, which is a cleaning member in the cleaning unit 13, includes a brush member main body containing a fluorine-based compound or a brush serving as a base with a surface coating layer containing a fluorine-based compound. What coat | covered the member is used. Furthermore, the content ratio of fluorine atoms on the surface of the brush member 13b is larger than the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor 7, and the outermost surface layer, the surface of the brush member 13b, and the charged train of the paper. Are the paper, the outermost surface layer, and the blade member 13a surface in order from the plus side.

  With the above-described configuration, according to the image forming apparatuses 200 and 210, it is possible to easily remove deposits such as paper dust and toner adhering to the surface of the photoreceptor by the cleaning unit 13, and the image can be formed over a long period of time. It is possible to obtain a good image quality in which the occurrence of image defects such as flow is sufficiently suppressed. Further, since the deposits can be easily removed, it is not necessary to wear and remove the paper dust and the like together with the photosensitive member by the cleaning means 13, and it is possible to sufficiently suppress the generation of scratches and abrasion on the photosensitive member 7. It becomes possible.

  Hereinafter, each component of the image forming apparatuses 200 and 210 will be described. First, the electrophotographic photoreceptor 7 will be described in detail.

  FIG. 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a preferred example of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor 100 shown in FIG. 3A is a so-called function-separated photoreceptor (or laminated photoreceptor), and the charge generation layer 1 and the charge transport layer 2 are provided on the conductive support 3. A photosensitive layer 6 formed by laminating in order is provided. In the electrophotographic photoreceptor 100, the outermost surface layer located on the side farthest from the conductive support 3 is the charge transport layer 2, and the charge transport layer 2 contains a fluorine compound.

  The conductive support 3 is not particularly limited. For example, metals such as aluminum, nickel, chromium, and stainless steel; aluminum, titanium, nickel, chromium, stainless steel, gold, vanadium, tin oxide, and indium oxide And a plastic film provided with a thin film of ITO, etc .; a drum-like, sheet-like, or plate-like support made of paper or plastic film coated or impregnated with a conductivity-imparting agent. Furthermore, the surface of the conductive support 3 can be subjected to various treatments as long as necessary without affecting the image quality. For example, anodizing treatment, chemical treatment, coloring treatment, graining or liquid honing Etc. can be performed.

  The charge generation layer 1 includes a charge generation material and a binder resin. As the charge generation material, known materials can be used without particular limitation, but metal and metal-free phthalocyanine pigments are preferably used. Among metal and metal-free phthalocyanine pigments, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine, chlorogallium phthalocyanine, dichlorotin phthalocyanine, and titanyl phthalocyanine having specific crystals are more preferable. Among these, particularly preferred are strong diffraction peaks at Bragg angles (2θ ± 0.2 °) of at least 7.4 °, 16.6 °, 25.5 ° and 28.3 ° with respect to CuKα characteristic X-rays. Chlorogallium phthalocyanine pigment having a Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) with respect to CuKα characteristic X-ray of at least 7.7 °, 9.3 °, 16.9 °, 17.5 °, 22.4 ° and 28. Metal-free phthalocyanine pigment having a strong diffraction peak at 8 °, Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) to CuKα characteristic X-ray of at least 7.5 °, 9.9 °, 12.5 °, 16.3 °, Hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigment having strong diffraction peaks at 18.6 °, 25.1 ° and 28.3 °, and at least 9.6 Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) to CuKα characteristic X-rays Include titanyl phthalocyanine pigment having a 24.1 ° and 27.2 ° strong diffraction peaks.

  Other charge generation materials include quinone pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments, bisbenzimidazole pigments, anthrone pigments, quinacridone pigments, and the like. These charge generation materials can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.

  Examples of the binder resin in the charge generation layer 1 include polycarbonate resin such as bisphenol A type or bisphenol Z type, polyester resin, methacrylic resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, and styrene-butadiene. Examples thereof include polymer resins, vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride resins, silicone resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins, poly-N-vinylcarbazole. These binder resins can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.

  The blending ratio (mass ratio) between the charge generating material and the binder resin is preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 1:10. These dispersions can be performed by a roll mill, a ball mill, a vibrating ball mill, an attritor, a sand mill, a colloid mill, a high-pressure homogenizer, or the like. At this time, when the phthalocyanine pigment having the specific crystal described above is used as the charge generation material, a condition is required in which the crystal type does not change due to dispersion. In addition, it has been confirmed that the crystal form does not change before dispersion in any of the dispersion methods described above. Moreover, as a solvent used for these dispersion | distribution, what melt | dissolves binder resin can be selected appropriately.

  The charge generation layer 1 can be formed by applying a coating solution for forming a charge generation layer containing the above-described constituent materials and a solvent onto the conductive support 3 and drying it. As a coating method used for forming the charge generation layer 1, conventional methods such as a blade coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, a spray coating method, a dip coating method, a bead coating method, an air knife coating method, and a curtain coating method are used. Can be used.

  The film thickness of the charge generation layer 1 is preferably from 0.01 to 5 μm, more preferably from 0.05 to 2.0 μm.

  The charge transport layer 2 is the outermost surface layer in the photoreceptor 100 and is configured to contain a fluorine-based compound, a charge transport material, and a binder resin.

  The fluorine-based compound is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorine resin and a fluorine-containing coupling agent, and more preferably fluorine resin particles.

  The fluororesin particles are composed of a tetrafluoroethylene resin, a trifluorinated ethylene resin, a hexafluoropropylene resin, a vinyl fluoride resin, a vinylidene fluoride resin, a difluorodiethylene chloride resin, and a copolymer thereof. Examples thereof include resin particles, and among these, resin particles made of tetrafluoroethylene resin and vinylidene fluoride resin are preferable. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  The average primary particle size of the fluororesin particles is preferably 0.05 to 1 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 μm. When the average primary particle size is less than 0.05 μm, aggregation at the time of dispersion tends to proceed, and when it exceeds 1 μm, image quality defects tend to occur.

  Examples of the fluorine-containing coupling agent include perfluoroacetylethyltriacetate silane such as perfluorooctylethyltrimethoxysilane.

  The content of the fluorine-based compound in the charge transport layer 2 is preferably 0.1 to 40% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 30% by mass based on the total amount of the charge transport layer 2. When the content of the fluorine compound is less than 1% by mass, the modification effect due to the dispersion of the fluorine compound tends to be insufficient. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 40% by mass, the light transmission property is lowered and the film strength is reduced. There is a tendency that the decrease in the frequency tends to occur. In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, as described above, the fluorine atom content in the cleaning member needs to be larger than the fluorine atom content in the outermost surface charge transport layer 2. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the content of the fluorine-based compound in the charge transport layer 2 so as to satisfy this condition.

  Examples of the charge transport material in the charge transport layer 2 include oxadiazole derivatives such as 2,5-bis (p-diethylaminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,5-triphenyl- Pyrazoline, pyrazoline derivatives such as 1- [pyridyl- (2)]-3- (p-diethylaminostyryl) -5- (p-diethylaminostyryl) pyrazoline, triphenylamine, tri (p-methylphenyl) aminyl-4- Aromatic tertiary amino compounds such as amine and dibenzylaniline, aromatic tertiary diamino compounds such as N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-diphenylbenzidine, 3- (4 ′ -1,2,4-triazine derivatives such as -dimethylaminophenyl) -5,6-di- (4'-methoxyphenyl) -1,2,4-triazine, A hydrazone derivative such as diethylaminobenzaldehyde-1,1-diphenylhydrazone, a quinazoline derivative such as 2-phenyl-4-styryl-quinazoline, a benzofuran derivative such as 6-hydroxy-2,3-di (p-methoxyphenyl) benzofuran, Hole transport of α-stilbene derivatives such as p- (2,2-diphenylvinyl) -N, N-diphenylaniline, enamine derivatives, carbazole derivatives such as N-ethylcarbazole, poly-N-vinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof Substances, quinone compounds such as chloranil, broanthraquinone, tetraanoquinodimethane compounds, fluorenone compounds such as 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone, xanthone Compounds, thiophene compounds And a polymer having a group composed of the above-described compound in the main chain or side chain. These charge transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the binder resin in the charge transport layer 2 include acrylic resin, polyarylate, polyester resin, polycarbonate resin such as bisphenol A type or bisphenol Z type, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, Examples thereof include insulating resins such as polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polysulfone, polyacrylamide, polyamide, and chlorine rubber, and organic photoconductive polymers such as polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl anthracene, and polyvinyl pyrene.

  The blending ratio (mass ratio) of the charge transport material and the binder resin in the charge transport layer 2 is preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 1: 5.

  The charge transport layer 2 may further contain inorganic particles. Examples of the material of the inorganic particles include alumina, silica, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, zinc sulfide, magnesium oxide, copper sulfate, sodium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, nickel sulfate, and antimony. Manganese dioxide, chromium oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, barium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, zirconium carbide and the like. Among these, inorganic silica is particularly preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  As the inorganic silica particles, those produced by a chemical flame CVD method are preferable. Specifically, chlorosilane gas is subjected to a gas phase reaction in a high-temperature flame of oxygen-hydrogen mixed gas or hydrocarbon-oxygen mixed gas to form silica fine particles. Is preferred.

  In addition, as the inorganic particles, particles having a hydrophobic surface are preferable. As the hydrophobizing agent, for example, a siloxane compound, a silane coupling agent, a titanium coupling agent, a polymer fatty acid or a metal salt thereof is used.

  Examples of the siloxane compound include dihydroxy polysiloxane and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Examples of the silane coupling agent include γ- (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and γ- (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyl. Methyldimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, N-β- (N-vinylbenzylaminoethyl) γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride, hexamethyldisilazane, methyltrimethoxysilane, butyltrimethoxysilane, Isobutyltrimethoxysilane, hexyltrimethoxysilane, octyltrimethoxysilane, decyltrimethoxysilane, dodecyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, o-methylphenyltrimethoxysilane, p- Examples thereof include methylphenyltrimethoxysilane.

  Moreover, 0.005-2.0 micrometers is preferable and, as for the average primary particle diameter of an inorganic particle, 0.01-1.0 micrometer is more preferable. If the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles is less than 0.005 μm, it tends to be difficult to obtain sufficient mechanical strength of the surface of the photoreceptor, and tends to aggregate during dispersion. On the other hand, when the average primary particle size of the inorganic particles exceeds 2 μm, the surface roughness of the photoreceptor increases, and when the blade member 13a is used as a cleaning member, the blade is worn and damaged, and the cleaning characteristics are deteriorated. There is a tendency that blurring easily occurs.

  The content of the inorganic particles in the charge transport layer 2 is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the charge transport layer 2. If the content is less than 1% by mass, the modification effect due to the dispersion of inorganic particles tends to be insufficient. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 30% by mass, the residual potential tends to increase due to repeated use. .

  The charge transport layer 2 is formed using a coating liquid for forming a charge transport layer containing the above-described constituent materials and a solvent. Here, as a method of dispersing the fluorine-based resin particles and inorganic particles added as necessary in the coating liquid, a roll mill, a ball mill, a vibrating ball mill, an attritor, a sand mill, a high-pressure homogenizer, an ultrasonic disperser, A dispersion method using a colloid mill or the like can be used. Examples of the dispersion method of the coating liquid include a method of dispersing fluorine-based resin particles and inorganic particles in a solution of a binder resin, a charge transporting material and the like dissolved in a solvent. It is also effective to add a small amount of a dispersion aid in the coating solution in order to improve the dispersion stability of the coating solution and to prevent aggregation during the formation of the coating film. Examples of the dispersion aid include fluorine-based surfactants, fluorine-based polymers, silicone-based polymers, and silicone oils.

  Examples of the solvent used in the coating solution for forming the charge transport layer include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and chlorobenzene, aliphatic alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and n-butanol, acetone, cyclopentanone, Ketone solvents such as cyclohexanone and 2-butanone, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform and ethylene chloride, cyclic or linear ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol and diethyl ether, or these Or a mixed solvent thereof can be used.

  Examples of the coating method for the charge transport layer forming coating solution include a dip coating method, a push-up coating method, a spray coating method, a roll coater coating method, and a gravure coater coating method.

  The film thickness of the charge transport layer 2 is preferably 5 to 50 μm, and more preferably 10 to 40 μm.

  Further, additives such as an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, and a heat stabilizer are added to the photosensitive layer 6 for the purpose of preventing deterioration of the photoreceptor due to ozone, oxidizing gas, or light and heat generated in the image forming apparatus. Can be added. These additives can be added to at least one of the charge generation layer 1 or the charge transport layer 2 constituting the photosensitive layer 6.

  Examples of the antioxidant include hindered phenol, hindered amine, paraphenylenediamine, arylalkane, hydroquinone, spirochroman, spiroidanone and derivatives thereof, organic sulfur compounds, and organic phosphorus compounds.

  Examples of the light stabilizer include derivatives such as benzophenone, benzotriazole, dithiocarbamate, and tetramethylpiperidine.

  Further, for the purpose of improving the smoothness of the surface of the photoreceptor, a leveling agent such as silicone oil can be added to the charge transport layer 2 which is the outermost surface layer.

  FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another preferred example of the electrophotographic photosensitive member mounted on the image forming apparatus of the present invention. The electrophotographic photosensitive member 110 shown in FIG. 3B is the same as the electrophotographic photosensitive member shown in FIG. 3A except that the undercoat layer 4 is provided between the conductive support layer 3 and the photosensitive layer 6. 100 has the same configuration.

  The undercoat layer 4 has a function of preventing injection of charges from the conductive support 3 to the photosensitive layer 6 when the photosensitive layer 6 is charged. The undercoat layer 4 also functions as an adhesive layer that allows the photosensitive layer 6 to be integrally adhered and held to the conductive support layer 3. Further, the undercoat layer 4 has a function of preventing light reflection of the conductive support 3.

  The undercoat layer 4 is made of, for example, acetal resin such as polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyamide resin, cellulose resin, gelatin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, methacrylic resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, vinyl chloride. -Polymeric resin compounds such as vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride resin, silicone resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, and organometallic compounds containing zirconium, titanium, aluminum, manganese, silicon atoms, etc. The These compounds can be used alone or as a mixture or polycondensate of a plurality of compounds. Among these, an organometallic compound containing zirconium or silicon is preferable because it has excellent electrical characteristics such as a low residual potential, a small potential change due to the environment, and a small potential change due to repeated use. .

  Furthermore, the undercoat layer 4 may be a conductive layer for covering defects on the conductive support 3 or protecting the conductive support 3. In this case, examples of the constituent material of the undercoat layer 4 include metal powders such as aluminum, copper, nickel, and silver, conductive metal oxides such as antimony oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide, and carbon. Conductive materials such as fiber, carbon black, graphite powder, or conductive powder whose surface is coated with these conductive materials, acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polycarbonate resin Supports thermoplastic resins such as polyvinyl butyral resin, dispersed in binder resins such as thermosetting resins such as polyurethane resin, phenolic resin, and epoxy resin, and photo-curing resins, and additives added as necessary The thing apply | coated on the body is mentioned.

  FIG. 3C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another preferred example of the electrophotographic photosensitive member used in the image forming apparatus of the present invention. The electrophotographic photosensitive member 120 shown in FIG. 3C is similar to that shown in FIG. 3A except that the protective layer 5 is provided on the charge transport layer 2 (on the surface of the charge transport layer 2 far from the conductive support 3). The electrophotographic photoreceptor 100 shown in FIG. In addition, when the photosensitive layer 6 has the protective layer 5, since this protective layer 5 becomes an outermost surface layer, the protective layer 5 is comprised including the fluorine-type compound mentioned above. Note that preferable conditions and the like when the protective layer 5 contains a fluorine compound are the same as those when the charge transport layer 2 contains a fluorine compound.

  The protective layer 5 can be formed by applying a coating liquid containing a fluorine-based compound in an appropriate binder resin onto the charge transport layer 2 and drying it.

  The binder resin used for the protective layer 5 is polyamide resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyketone resin, polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl ketone resin, polystyrene resin, polyacrylamide resin, polyimide resin, polyamideimide resin. Known resins such as these are used. These can also be used by cross-linking each other as necessary.

  The protective layer 5 may further contain a conductive material. The conductive material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metallocene compounds such as N, N′-dimethylferrocene, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl, and the like. ] -4,4'-diamine and other aromatic amine compounds, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, antimony oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide and antimony, solid solution carrier of barium sulfate and antimony oxide, the above Mixture of metal oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide or barium sulfate mixed with the above metal oxide, or titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide or barium sulfate The thing etc. which coat | covered said metal oxide in particle | grains are mentioned.

  As the protective layer 5, a cross-linked layer in which a low molecular charge transport material is contained in a curable binder resin such as an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a melamine resin, an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, or a silicone resin is used. It is also possible.

  The thickness of the protective layer 5 is preferably 1 to 20 μm, and more preferably 2 to 10 μm. As a coating method of the coating liquid for forming the protective layer 5 for forming the protective layer 5, blade coating method, wire bar coating method, spray coating method, dip coating method, bead coating method, air knife coating method, curtain coating method A usual method such as can be used. Moreover, as a solvent used for the coating liquid for forming the protective layer 5, a normal organic solvent such as alcohol, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene, toluene, or the like may be used alone or in combination. However, it is preferable to use a solvent that hardly dissolves the charge transport layer 2 to which the coating solution is applied as much as possible.

  The preferred examples of the electrophotographic photosensitive member mounted on the image forming apparatus of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the electrophotographic photosensitive member is not limited to the above examples. For example, as in the electrophotographic photoreceptor 130 shown in FIG. 4A, the undercoat layer 4 is provided between the conductive support 3 and the photosensitive layer 6, and the photosensitive layer 6 further includes the protective layer 5. There may be.

  Further, the photosensitive layer 6 may have a single layer structure as in the electrophotographic photoreceptor 140 shown in FIG. In this case, since the photosensitive layer 6 becomes the outermost surface layer, the photosensitive layer 6 is configured to contain the above-described fluorine-based compound.

  Next, the cleaning unit 13 will be described.

  The cleaning means 13 is means for removing untransferred toner remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7 after transfer, paper dust generated from the paper 20, and the like. The cleaning unit 13 may incorporate a toner conveying unit that supplies the removed toner to the developing unit 11. As the cleaning means 13, those provided with a cleaning member such as a blade, a magnetic brush, or a conductive fiber brush are preferably used. Here, the blade member 13a in the image forming apparatus 200 or the brush member 13b in the image forming apparatus 210 is preferably used as the cleaning member. In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, as the cleaning member, the cleaning member main body contains a fluorine compound, or the surface covering layer containing the fluorine compound covers the base cleaning member. Is used. Hereinafter, the case where the cleaning unit 13 includes the blade member 13a and the case where the cleaning member 13 includes the brush member 13b will be described in detail.

  The cleaning means 13 provided with the blade member 13 a is of a type that mechanically scrapes off toner and paper dust from the photoreceptor 7 by a blade member 13 a such as a rubber blade that contacts the electrophotographic photoreceptor 7. The material used as the base of the blade member 13a is urethane rubber, silicon rubber, fluorine rubber, ethylene propylene diene methylene rubber (EPDM), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), isoprene rubber (IR), chloroprene rubber. And elastomers such as (CR), acrylic rubber (ACM), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), epichlorohydrin rubber, and thermoplastic elastomers such as polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, and polyolefin.

  The thickness of the blade member is not particularly limited as long as it has sufficient strength to remove residual toner and paper dust on the surface of the photoconductor 7, but it is preferably about 1 to 3 mm. . The rubber hardness of the blade member is not particularly limited as long as it has sufficient strength to remove residual toner and paper dust on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7, but is usually 65 to 80 ( It is preferable that the measured value is measured by an A type hardness tester according to JIS K6253.

  The cleaning means 13 provided with the brush member 13b has a raised rubbing body such as a cleaning brush for rubbing a plurality of raised hairs on the surface of the roller-shaped core member against the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7. The toner and paper powder captured by the brushed rubbing body by rubbing with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7 are electrostatically collected by an electrostatic collecting body such as a collecting roller that moves the surface endlessly while receiving a cleaning bias. After that, the electrostatic recovery body is removed by a removing means such as a cleaning blade. When such a brush method is used, abrasion of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7 can be suppressed by sliding a brushed flexible bend against the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7 as compared with a blade method in which the blade member 13a is brought into contact. Can do.

  Examples of the material of the brush member 13b include a material obtained by adding a conductive material such as carbon to a resin such as polyester, nylon, and acrylic, and a material obtained by coating the brush surface with a conductive material.

  The cleaning member composed of the blade member 13a, the brush member 13b, and the like disperses a fluorine-based compound as a charge control agent in a material serving as a base of the cleaning member in order to control the charge train on the surface, Alternatively, the base surface is covered with a surface coating layer containing a fluorine compound.

  As a method of dispersing the fluorine-based compound in the material used as the base of the cleaning member, for example, a composition obtained by dispersing fine particles of a fluorine-based compound such as polytetrafluoroethylene as described above in the base material is used. And a method of forming a cleaning member using the same. At this time, the content of the fluorine compound in the cleaning member is preferably 5% by mass or more based on the total amount of the cleaning member. When the content of the fluorine-based compound is less than 5% by mass, the electrostatic adhesion force between the cleaning member and the paper dust is more than the electrostatic adhesion force between the cleaning member and the photoreceptor surface. It tends to be weak. In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the cleaning member needs to be larger than the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the charge transport layer 2 that is the outermost surface layer. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the content of the fluorine compound in the cleaning member so as to satisfy such a condition. In addition, the cleaning member may be manufactured using a fluororesin for the base material itself.

  As a method of coating the base surface with a surface coating layer containing a fluorine compound, the surface of the material is coated with a vehicle in which fine particles of the fluorine compound are dispersed, a fluorine-containing coupling agent, or the like. The method of forming a layer is mentioned. At this time, it is preferable that content of the fluorine-type compound in a surface coating layer is 5 mass% or more on the basis of the whole surface coating layer amount. When the content of the fluorine-based compound is less than 5% by mass, the electrostatic adhesion force between the cleaning member and the paper dust is more than the electrostatic adhesion force between the cleaning member and the photoreceptor surface. It tends to be weak. In the image forming apparatus of the present invention, when the cleaning member has a surface coating layer, the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the surface coating layer is higher than the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the charge transport layer 2 that is the outermost surface layer. It needs to be big. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the content of the fluorine-based compound in the surface coating layer so as to satisfy such a condition.

  Examples of the non-contact charging type charging means 8 used in the present invention include a corotron and a scorotron using corona discharge. Examples of the contact charging type charging means 8 include a charger using a contact charging member such as a charging roller or a charging brush.

  As the exposure means 10, an optical system device that can expose a light source such as a semiconductor laser, an LED (light emitting diode), a liquid crystal shutter, or the like on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 7 in a desired image-like manner can be used. Among these, when an exposure apparatus capable of exposing non-interference light is used, interference fringes between the conductive support of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7 and the photosensitive layer can be prevented.

  When laser light is used as the exposure light source, the oscillation wavelength is preferably 350 to 850 nm, and the shorter wavelength is preferable because the resolution is excellent.

  As the developing means 11, a conventionally known developing device or the like can be used. Further, the type of developer used and the method for producing the same are not particularly limited. For example, a kneading and pulverizing method for kneading, pulverizing, and classifying a binder resin and a colorant, a release agent, and a charge control agent as necessary, A method of changing the shape of the particles obtained by the kneading and pulverization method by mechanical impact force or thermal energy, an emulsion polymerization of a polymerizable monomer of a binder resin, a formed dispersion, a colorant, a release agent Emulsion polymerization aggregation method to obtain a toner particle by mixing a mold agent and, if necessary, a dispersion of a charge control agent, and agglomerating and heat-fusing, a polymerizable monomer and a colorant for obtaining a binder resin A suspension polymerization method in which a solution of a release agent, if necessary, a charge control agent or the like is suspended in an aqueous solvent and polymerized, a binder resin and a colorant, a release agent, and a charge control agent if necessary A solution suspension method in which a solution is suspended in an aqueous solvent and granulated can be used. In addition, a known method such as a production method in which the toner obtained by the above method is used as a core and agglomerated particles are further adhered and heat-fused to have a core-shell structure can be used. From the viewpoint, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization aggregation method, and a dissolution suspension method produced with an aqueous solvent are preferable, and an emulsion polymerization aggregation method is particularly preferable. When using the emulsion polymerization aggregation method, at least resin particles and colorant particles are fused in an aqueous medium to produce colored particles, and a toner can be produced by combining with external additives.

  Examples of the transfer unit 12 include a roller-type contact charging member, a contact-type transfer charger using a belt, a film, a rubber blade, or the like, or a scorotron transfer charger using a corona discharge, a corotron transfer charger, or the like. .

  It is preferable to appropriately control the wear amount and surface roughness of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7. As the control means, the cleaning member is brought into contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7, the contact pressure and angle thereof are adjusted, the material of the outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 7 is optimized, the control by the material of the cleaning member, and polishing. Examples include adjustment by use in combination with a roll and a brush member, strength control by the material of the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 7, control by adding inorganic fine particles such as aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, and barium sulfate to the toner. It is preferable to control within an appropriate range by combining these controls.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated more concretely based on an Example and a comparative example, this invention is not limited to a following example.

[Example 1]
100 parts by mass of zinc oxide (SMZ-017N, manufactured by Teica) was mixed with 500 parts by mass of toluene, and 2 parts by mass of a silane coupling agent (A1100, manufactured by Nihon Unicar) was added and stirred for 5 hours. Thereafter, toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure and baked at 120 ° C. for 2 hours. As a result of analyzing the obtained surface-treated zinc oxide by fluorescent X-ray, the ratio of Si element strength to zinc element strength was 1.8 × 10 ⁻⁴ .

  35 parts by mass of zinc oxide subjected to the above surface treatment, 15 parts by mass of blocked isocyanate (Sumijoule 3175, manufactured by Sumitomo Bayern Urethane Co., Ltd.) as a curing agent, 6 parts by mass of butyral resin (BM-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) And 44 parts by mass of 2-butanone were mixed and dispersed for 2 hours with a sand mill using glass beads of 1 mmφ to obtain a dispersion. To the obtained dispersion, 0.005 parts by mass of dioctyltin dilaurate as a catalyst and 17 parts by mass of Tospearl 130 (manufactured by GE Toshiba Silicone) were added to obtain a coating solution for forming an undercoat layer. This coating solution was applied onto an aluminum substrate having a diameter of 84 mmφ by a dip coating method, followed by drying and curing at 160 ° C. for 100 minutes to form an undercoat layer having a thickness of 20 μm.

  Next, a mixture comprising 15 parts by mass of gallium chloride phthalocyanine as a charge generating material, 10 parts by mass of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (VMCH, manufactured by Nippon Union Carbide), and 300 parts by mass of n-butyl alcohol. Was dispersed in a sand mill for 4 hours to obtain a coating solution for forming a charge generation layer. This coating solution was dip-coated on the undercoat layer and dried to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.2 μm.

  Next, 8 parts by mass of tetrafluoroethylene resin particles (Lublon L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries), 0.16 parts by mass of a fluorine-based graft polymer as a dispersion aid, 49 parts by mass of tetrohydrofuran, and The mixture was sufficiently stirred and mixed with 21 parts by mass of toluene to prepare a tetrafluoroethylene resin particle suspension.

Next, 20 parts by mass of N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-diphenylbenzidine, 20 parts by mass of N, N′-bis (3,4-dimethylphenyl) biphenyl-4-amine, And 60 mass parts of bisphenol Z polycarbonate resin (viscosity average molecular weight 40,000) was fully melt-mixed in 231 mass parts of tetrohydrofuran and 99 mass parts of toluene. After adding 78 parts by mass of the above-mentioned tetrafluoroethylene resin particle suspension to this solution and stirring and mixing, a high-pressure homogenizer (LA-33S, manufactured by Nanomizer) equipped with a through-type chamber having fine flow paths was added. The coating liquid for forming a charge transport layer was prepared by repeating the dispersion treatment by increasing the pressure up to 500 kgf / cm ² four times. The obtained coating solution was dip-coated on the charge generation layer and dried to form a charge transport layer (outermost surface layer) having a thickness of 26 μm. Thereby, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was obtained.

  The electrophotographic photosensitive member thus obtained was mounted on a DocuCentre 750I modified machine manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., which had an elastic blade member made of vinylidene fluoride resin as a cleaning member. The cleaning member was disposed so as to contact the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Thereby, an image forming apparatus was obtained.

  In the obtained image forming apparatus, the content of fluorine atoms in the surface of the cleaning member and the charge transport layer which is the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member were measured with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The ratio was 33 atomic%, and the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the outermost surface layer was 5 atomic%.

  In addition, the cleaning member, the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member, and the charge train of the paper (P paper, manufactured by Fuji Xerox Office Supply Co., Ltd.) used for image formation are as follows based on JIS L1094 using a friction band voltage measuring machine. It measured in the procedure of. That is, first, an oscilloscope is connected to the measuring instrument, a static cloth (cotton) is attached to the measuring instrument, and a test piece (cleaning member, outermost surface layer and paper attached to the rotating body with a load of 4.9 N applied thereto) ) It was mounted so that the surface was rubbed. Next, by rotating the rotating drum, the test piece was rubbed with a friction cloth, and the charged voltage 60 seconds after the start of friction was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that these three charged trains were the paper, the outermost surface layer, and the surface of the cleaning member in order from the plus side.

[Example 2]
Made by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. provided with an elastic blade member prepared by surface-treating a fluoroalkylsilane coupling agent on a blade made of polyurethane resin as an electrophotographic photosensitive member produced by the same procedure as in Example 1 A DocuCentre 550 remodeled machine. The cleaning member was disposed so as to contact the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Thereby, an image forming apparatus was obtained.

  In the obtained image forming apparatus, the content of fluorine atoms in the surface of the cleaning member and the charge transport layer which is the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member were measured with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The ratio was 39 atomic%, and the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the outermost surface layer was 5 atomic%.

  Further, the cleaning member, the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member, and the charge train of the paper (P paper, manufactured by Fuji Xerox Office Supply) used for image formation were measured in the same procedure as in Example 1. As a result, it was confirmed that these three charged trains were the paper, the outermost surface layer, and the surface of the cleaning member in order from the plus side.

[Example 3]
The electrophotographic photosensitive member produced in the same procedure as in Example 1 was used as a cleaning member. The surface of the roller-shaped core material was covered with a brush, and the brush was made of polyester fibers to which a plurality of carbons were added. It was mounted on a DocuCentre 750I remodeling machine manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., equipped with a brush member produced by surface treatment of an alkylsilane coupling agent. The cleaning member was disposed so as to contact the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Thereby, an image forming apparatus was obtained.

  In the obtained image forming apparatus, the content of fluorine atoms in the surface of the cleaning member and the charge transport layer which is the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member were measured with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The ratio was 41 atomic%, and the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the outermost surface layer was 5 atomic%.

  Further, the cleaning member, the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member, and the charge train of the paper (P paper, manufactured by Fuji Xerox Office Supply) used for image formation were measured in the same procedure as in Example 1. As a result, it was confirmed that these three charged trains were the paper, the outermost surface layer, and the surface of the cleaning member in order from the plus side.

[Comparative Example 1]
The electrophotographic photosensitive member produced by the same procedure as in Example 1 was mounted on a DocuCentre 750I modified machine manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., which was provided with an elastic blade member made of polyurethane resin as a cleaning member. The cleaning member was disposed so as to contact the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Thereby, an image forming apparatus was obtained.

  In the obtained image forming apparatus, the content of fluorine atoms in the surface of the cleaning member and the charge transport layer which is the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member were measured with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The ratio was 0 atomic%, and the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the outermost surface layer was 5 atomic%.

  Further, the cleaning member, the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member, and the charge train of the paper (P paper, manufactured by Fuji Xerox Office Supply) used for image formation were measured in the same procedure as in Example 1. As a result, it was confirmed that these three charged columns were, in order from the plus side, the sheet, the surface of the cleaning member, and the outermost layer.

[Comparative Example 2]
The electrophotographic photosensitive member produced by the same procedure as in Example 1 was used as a cleaning member, and the surface of the roller-shaped core material was covered with a brush, and the brush was provided with a brush member made of polyester fiber added with a plurality of carbons. It was mounted on a DocuCentre 750I modified machine manufactured by Fuji Xerox. The cleaning member was disposed so as to contact the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Thereby, an image forming apparatus was obtained.

  In the obtained image forming apparatus, the content of fluorine atoms in the surface of the cleaning member and the charge transport layer which is the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member were measured with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The ratio was 0 atomic%, and the content ratio of fluorine atoms in the outermost surface layer was 5 atomic%.

  Further, the cleaning member, the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member, and the charge train of the paper (P paper, manufactured by Fuji Xerox Office Supply) used for image formation were measured in the same procedure as in Example 1. As a result, it was confirmed that these three charged columns were, in order from the plus side, the sheet, the surface of the cleaning member, and the outermost layer.

(Image formation test)
Using the image forming apparatuses obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, in the high temperature and high humidity environment of 28 ° C. and 85% RH, the above paper (P paper, manufactured by Fuji Xerox Office Supply Co., Ltd.) , A4 size) was printed on a black and white sheet as a transfer medium, and the presence or absence of image quality defects was evaluated. Further, the appearance of the photoreceptor surface after printing 50,000 sheets was evaluated. These evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

  As is apparent from the results shown in Table 1, according to the image forming apparatuses of Examples 1 to 3, the surface of the photosensitive member was printed even after printing 50,000 sheets as compared with the image forming apparatuses of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. No filming such as toner or paper dust was observed, and it was confirmed that image quality defects such as image flow were sufficiently suppressed. Further, according to the image forming apparatuses of Examples 1 to 3, it was confirmed that no damage was observed on the surface of the photoconductor even after printing 50,000 sheets, and the wear of the photoconductor was sufficiently suppressed.

  As described above, according to the image forming apparatus of the present invention, paper dust (such as talc) and toner adhering to the photoreceptor can be sufficiently removed by the cleaning means, and image defects such as image flow can be sufficiently removed over a long period of time. It was confirmed that the electrophotographic photosensitive member can be sufficiently suppressed from being scratched or worn.

1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a basic configuration of a preferred embodiment of an image forming apparatus of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows schematically the basic composition of other suitable one Embodiment of the image forming apparatus of this invention. (A)-(c) is a schematic cross section which shows a suitable example of the electrophotographic photosensitive member each mounted in the image forming apparatus of this invention. (A)-(b) is a schematic cross section which shows the other suitable example of the electrophotographic photoreceptor mounted in the image forming apparatus of this invention, respectively.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Charge generating layer, 2 ... Charge transport layer, 3 ... Conductive support body, 4 ... Undercoat layer, 5 ... Protective layer, 6 ... Photosensitive layer, 7 ... Electrophotographic photoreceptor, 8 ... Charging means, 9 ... Power supply DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Exposure means, 11 ... Developing means, 12 ... Transfer means, 13 ... Cleaning means, 14 ... Static eliminator, 15 ... Fixing means, 18 ... Opening for exposure, 20 ... Paper, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140: electrophotographic photosensitive member, 200, 210: image forming apparatus.

Claims (3)

An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support, and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive support and having a surface layer disposed on the side farthest from the conductive support;
Charging means for charging the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
Exposure means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member;
Developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image with toner to form a toner image;
Transfer means for transferring the toner image from the electrophotographic photosensitive member to paper;
Cleaning means for removing paper dust from the paper remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after transfer by a cleaning member;
With
The outermost surface layer contains a fluorine-based compound;
The cleaning member contains a fluorine-containing compound in the cleaning member body or a surface coating layer containing a fluorine-containing compound,
The fluorine atom content ratio in the cleaning member surface is larger than the fluorine atom content ratio in the outermost surface layer,
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the relationship between the outermost surface layer, the surface of the cleaning member, and the charged column of the sheet is the sheet, the outermost surface layer, and the surface of the cleaning member in order from the plus side.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fluorine compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorine resin and a fluorine-containing coupling agent.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning member is a blade member or a brush member.

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