JP4565127B2 - 固体を共存した水溶液への放射線照射による水溶液中の強酸化性金属イオンの処理回収方法 - Google Patents
固体を共存した水溶液への放射線照射による水溶液中の強酸化性金属イオンの処理回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002927 high level radioactive waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005260 alpha ray Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005250 beta ray Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003608 radiolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910017563 LaCrO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 abrasive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007670 carcinogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000260 carcinogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940090961 chromium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Cr+4] IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]=O AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940077449 dichromate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本発明の一具体例について説明する。重クロム酸イオンCr2O7 2-を含む希硫酸水溶液に、TiO2、γ-Al2O3、ZrO2などをそれぞれ単独に添加した。それらの溶液にガンマ線を照射して、6価クロムが還元される収量を測定した結果、単位エネルギーあたりの水の放射線分解による還元量と比較して、固体による還元量はそれぞれ100倍(TiO2)、280倍(γ-Al2O3)、70倍(ZrO2)程度の増大が見られた(図2)。これらの固体は還元反応では消費されず、いわゆる触媒として機能している。
(実施例2)
実施例1と同じ固体と6価クロムを含み、環境条件あるいは工業廃水の条件(pH 3-7)の水溶液にガンマ線照射して、照射後に溶液中の6価クロム濃度および全クロム量を分析し、固体表面のクロムの状態を分析した結果、水溶液のみの場合は6価クロムがほとんど還元しないのに対して、固体を添加することで6価クロムが顕著に還元する(図3)ことを明らかにするとともに、溶液中の6価クロムを環境への排出基準0.05 ppm(環境基本法)または0.5 ppm(水質汚濁防止法)以下まで減じ(表1)、4価あるいは3価クロムの酸化物に還元し、固化することがわかった。
本発明は以下の特徴から、有利な効果を有する。
1)6価クロムの還元収量が非常に大きく、かつガンマ線は水溶液に対して高い透過能力を有しているため、高濃度6価クロム廃液をはじめとして、着色した固体あるいは溶液や、濁った溶液にも十分に適用可能である。
3)6価クロム処理に化学薬品を使用しないため、3価ないしは4価クロムの回収に後処理を必要とせず、高純度の3価ないしは4価クロムの回収が容易である。3価クロムはイオンとして3価クロムメッキに使用可能であり、固体としてはその形状の違いにより耐火レンガ、研磨剤、顔料(Cr2O3)、抵抗発熱体、高温用電極(LaCrO3)などの用途が考えられる。また、4価クロムは二酸化クロムCrO2として回収可能であり、強磁性材料として非常に優れた特徴を有する。さらに、3価ないしは4価クロムの固体は放射線触媒反応の固体材料としても利用できる。このように、有害な6価クロムの無害化と有用材料への転換が同時に実現可能となる。
Claims (4)
- −2.0V以上の標準酸化還元電位(V vs 標準水素発生電位)を有する強酸化性金属イオンが溶存する水溶液に、放射線エネルギーを吸収して化学反応エネルギーに変換する触媒として機能する固体であって、石英、アルミナ、酸化チタン、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化セリウム、酸化クロムまたはこれらの混合物から選択される固体もしくは固溶体から選択される固体を添加し、
当該固体が共存する当該水溶液に、外部又は内部から放射線を照射して当該水溶液中に還元種を誘起させて当該強酸化性金属イオンを還元処理して回収する、強酸化性イオンの処理回収方法。 - 前記強酸化性金属イオンが、4価セリウム、6価クロム、7価マンガンから選択される1種以上の金属イオンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記外部からの放射線は、放射線源、放射性発生装置、原子炉、燃料棒又は高レベル廃液を含む固化体から発生するガンマ線、エックス線又は電子線であり、
前記内部からの放射線は、前記水溶液中に導入した放射性同位元素からのアルファ線又はベータ線である、
請求項1又は2に記載の方法。 - 前記還元種は、固体表面に生成する励起電子、固体から放出される二次電子及び水溶液中で発生した水和電子から選択されるラジカルである、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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