JP4560864B2 - Analgesics, foods and feeds containing novel capsaicinoid-like substances - Google Patents

Analgesics, foods and feeds containing novel capsaicinoid-like substances Download PDF

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JP4560864B2
JP4560864B2 JP34083199A JP34083199A JP4560864B2 JP 4560864 B2 JP4560864 B2 JP 4560864B2 JP 34083199 A JP34083199 A JP 34083199A JP 34083199 A JP34083199 A JP 34083199A JP 4560864 B2 JP4560864 B2 JP 4560864B2
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capsaicinoid
substance
capsaicin
analgesic
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JP2001158738A (en
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正俊 加藤
裕子 瀬戸口
秀一 橋爪
正武 今井
進 矢澤
亨 伏木
達夫 渡辺
賢二 古旗
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Ajinomoto Co Inc
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Ajinomoto Co Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、新規なカプサイシノイド様物質を含有する鎮痛剤、食品及び飼料に関するものである。
【0002】
【関連技術】
トウガラシの辛味である成分カプサイシンは、従来の鎮痛剤では効果のない痛み、例えば、cluster headache (偏頭痛タイプの血管性頭痛の一種)、reflex sympathetic dystrophy (反射交感神経異常症)、postmastectomy pain(乳房切除後の痛み)、post-therapeutic neuralgia (治療後の神経痛),diabetic neuropathy(糖尿病性神経痛)等の局所治療に有効である一方で、掻痒感と焼熱感を惹き起こすという大きな欠点を有することが知られている。そこで、これらの欠点を解消するためにカプサイシンを構成するバニリル環、脂肪酸の側鎖、及び両者を結合するアミド領域を系統的に修飾・置換した種々のカプサイシンアナログが合成され、その鎮痛効果と侵襲性の関係が検討されている。そして、これらの合成カプサイシンアナログの中から、オルバニル(NE19550)、ヌバニル(NE21610)のような鎮痛薬が開発された。
【0003】
ところで、矢澤等は、タイ国で入手したトウガラシの辛味品種「CH-19」の自殖後代から、辛味のないトウガラシ新品種「CH-19甘」を選抜固定し(Yazawa, S., Suetome, N., Okamoto, K., and Namiki, T. (1989) J. Jap. Soc. Hort. Sci., 58:601-607)、該「CH-19甘」がカプサイシノイドを殆ど含有せず、代わりに新規なカプサイシノイド様物質(バニリルアルコールの脂肪酸エステル)を多量に含有することを見いだした。更に矢澤等は、特開平11−246478号明細書において、これらの新規カプサイシノイド様物質は辛味を呈さず、体表面温度の上昇作用、火照りの体感、脂肪代謝の促進作用などの機能を有することを明らかにした。しかし、該新規カプサイシノイド様物質が鎮痛作用を有していることは知られていない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述のように、カプサイシンは特殊な鎮痛効果を有するものの、掻痒性及び焼熱性といった欠点を有していた。又オルバニル(NE19550)、ヌバニル(NE21610)のような合成カプサイシンアナログにおいても、依然としてかなりの辛味及び侵襲性が残っている。このため、辛味がなく且つ急性・慢性の全身性及び局所性の痛み・炎症に効果のあるアナログを開発することが望まれていた。
【0005】
従って、本発明は、辛味がなく且つ急性・慢性の全身性及び局所性の痛み・炎症に効果のあるカプサイシンのアナログを提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決するために鋭意研究開発を行い、本発明のカプサイシノイド様物質がカプサイシンと同等の鎮痛効果を有することを見出し本発明を完成させた。すなわち、本発明は、一般式(1):
【0007】
【化3】

Figure 0004560864
又は
【0008】
【化4】
Figure 0004560864
で表されるカプサイシノイド様物質を含有することを特徴とする鎮痛剤並びに鎮痛効果を有する食品及び飼料を提供する。
次いで、本発明は、上記一般式(1)においてnが3,4又は5であるカプサイシノイド様物質、特に該カプサイシノイド様物質が、4−ヒドロキシ−3−メトキシベンジル (E)−8−メチル−6−ノネノアート(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl(E)-8-methyl-6-nonenoate)又は4−ヒドロキシ−3−メトキシベンジル 8−メチルノナノアート(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 8-methylnonanoate)であることを特徴とする鎮痛剤並びに鎮痛効果を有する食品及び飼料を提供する。
【0009】
更に本発明は、使用されるカプサイシノイド様物質が、該物質を成分として含有する植物体又は果実の形態で配合されることを特徴とする鎮痛剤並びに鎮痛効果を有する食品及び飼料を提供する。
【0010】
上述のように、これらのカプサイシノイド様物質は、優れた鎮痛作用を有することが明らかとなり、加えて、「日光」、「五色」などに代表される在来の辛味を有するトウガラシ品種にも含まれており(矢澤 進ら(1989) 園芸学会雑誌58:601-607)、従来からヒトが食経験を有するものである。更には、該カプサイシノイド様物質は、辛味・侵襲性が極めて少なく、カプサイシンと比較して毒性が低いので、鎮痛作用を有する食品や食品添加物として、あるいは、特に経口投与の医薬品としての利用が可能である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の新規カプサイシノイド様物質は、該物質を含有するトウガラシの植物体及び/又は果実から精製・分離することによって調製することができる。精製に使用するトウガラシは、「日光」、「五色」などに代表される在来の辛味を有するトウガラシ品種由来でも良いが、無辛味品種である「CH-19甘」を用いるのが、該成分の含有量が高いために特に好ましい。精製・分離は、当業者にとって良く知られた、溶媒抽出や、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーなどの各種のクロマトグラフィー、調製用高速液体クロマトグラフィーなどの手段を単独、又は適宜組み合わせることにより行うことができ、例えば、特開平11−246478号明細書に記載の方法を用いることができる。
【0012】
又、上記のカプサイシノイド様物質は、例えば、特開平11−246478号明細書に記載の方法のような対応する脂肪酸エステルとバニリルアルコールを出発原料としたエステル交換反応により合成することができる。又、その構造式に基づいて、当業者にとって周知の反応手法を用いることによって合成することも可能である。
【0013】
更には、該カプサイシノイド様物質は、酵素を用いる合成法により容易に調製することもできる。すなわち、例えば、所望する化合物に対応する脂肪酸のエステル及び/又は該脂肪酸を有するトリグリセライド等の化合物とバニリルアルコールを基質としたリパーゼの逆反応を利用することにより所望のカプサイシノイド様物質を得ることができる。なお、この方法は、本出願人が出願中の特願平11−123474号に記載されている。
【0014】
又、該カプサイシノイド様物質は、特に化合物として純粋に精製・分離又は合成することなく、トウガラシ新品種「CH-19甘」の植物体及び/又は果実、その乾燥物、粉砕物又は粗抽出物質の形態で配合することが可能である。すなわち、トウガラシ新品種「CH-19甘」は、辛味や侵襲性を有するカプサイシノイドを殆ど含有せず、代わりに辛味のないカプサイシノイド様物質(バニリルアルコールの脂肪酸エステル)を多量に含有するので、辛味・侵襲性がなく、カプサイシンと比較して毒性が低く、従って、鎮痛作用を有する食品、食品添加物又は飼料に、或いは経口投与の医薬品に直接、或いは乾燥、粉砕、粗抽出等の簡単な物理的及び/又は化学的処理を行うだけで配合が可能である。なお、本明細書中において、「植物体又は果実の形態」という用語は、該植物体及び/又は果実の、そのままの形態を、或いはそれの乾燥、粉砕又は粗抽出等の簡単な物理的及び/又は化学的処理を行った形態を含むものとする。
【0015】
本発明の鎮痛作用を有するカプサイシノイド様物質又はそれを含有する植物体等は、例えば、cluster headache (偏頭痛タイプの血管性頭痛の一種)、 reflex sympathetic dystrophy (反射交感神経異常症)、 postmastectomy pain (乳房切除後の痛み)、 post-therapeutic neuralgia (治療後の神経痛), diabetic neuropathy(糖尿病性神経痛)等の治療等、カプサイシン又はオルバニル(NE19550)若しくはヌバニル(NE21610)のような合成カプサイシンアナログが有効な、急性・慢性の全身性及び局所性の痛み・炎症の治療に有用である。
【0016】
本発明のカプサイシノイド様物質は、経口又は非経口的に投与することができ、特に、その辛味がないので経口投与に好適に用いられ、そして、そのような投与に適する形態に製剤化することにより、急性・慢性の全身性及び局所性の痛み・炎症の治療、例えば、cluster headache (偏頭痛タイプの血管性頭痛の一種)、 reflex sympathetic dystrophy (反射交感神経異常症)、 postmastectomy pain (乳房切除後の痛み)、 post-therapeutic neuralgia (治療後の神経痛), diabetic neuropathy(糖尿病性神経痛)等の処置剤として供することができる。本発明の化合物を臨床的に用いるにあたり、その投与形態にあわせ、薬学的に許容される添加剤を加えて各種製剤化の後投与することも可能である。その際の添加剤としては、製剤分野において通常用いられる各種の添加剤が使用可能であり、例えば、ゼラチン、乳糖、白糖、酸化チタン、澱粉、結晶セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、コーンスターチ、マイクロクリスタリンワックス、白色ワセリン、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム、無水リン酸カルシウム、クエン酸、クエン酸三ナトリウム、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ソルビトール、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリソルベート、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油、ポリビニルピロリドン、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、軽質無水ケイ酸、タルク、植物油、ベンジルアルコール、アラビアガム、プロピレングリコール、ポリアルキレングリコール、シクロデキストリン又はヒドロキシプロピルシクロデキストリン等が挙げられる。
【0017】
これらの添加剤との混合物として製剤化される剤形としては、例えば、錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤若しくは坐薬等の固形製剤;又は例えばシロップ剤、エリキシル剤若しくは注射剤等の液体製剤が挙げられ、これらは、製剤分野における通常の方法によって調製することができる。なお、液体製剤にあっては、用時に水又は他の適当な媒体に溶解又は懸濁させる形であってもよい。又、特に、注射剤の場合、必要に応じて生理食塩水又はブドウ糖液に溶解又は縣濁させてもよく、更に緩衝剤や保存剤を添加してもよい。
【0018】
これらの製剤は、本発明の鎮痛作用を有する化合物を全薬剤の1〜100重量%、好ましくは10〜80重量%の割合で含有することができる。
本発明の鎮痛作用を有するカプサイシノイド様物質を臨床の場で使用する場合、その投与量及び投与回数は、患者の性別、年齢、体重、症状の程度及び目的とする処置の種類と範囲等により異なるが、一般に経口投与の場合、成人1日あたり1〜50mg/kgを1〜数回に分けて、又、非経口投与の場合は、1〜10mg/kgを1〜数回に分けて投与するのが好ましい。
【0019】
一方、本発明の鎮痛作用を有するカプサイシノイド様物質又はそれを含有する植物体は、食品に配合することにより鎮痛作用を有する食品の製造に有用である。
【0020】
本発明のカプサイシノイド様物質は、種々の食品、例えば、固体、液体、ゾル、ゲル、粉末及び顆粒状食品に任意に配合することが可能である。該配合は、当該技術分野で公知の任意の製造方法によって行うことができ、例えば、特開平11−246478号明細書に記載されているような方法により、チョコレート等の固体食品;スポーツ飲料などの液体食品;あずき粥などのレトルト食品等に容易に配合することができる。
【0021】
又、該カプサイシノイド様物質は、食品添加物の形態で使用することもできる。本発明のカプサイシノイド様物質を含む食品添加物は、当業者にとっては周知の方法を用いて、例えば、デキストリン、コーンスターチ、乳糖等の各種の賦型剤類や乳化剤等の副原料と共に該カプサイシノイド様物質を混合、造粒又はカプセル化等をすることにより製造することができる。
【0022】
食品成分中に含まれるカプサイシノイド様物質は、既述のように必ずしも十分に精製されたものである必要はない。すなわち、例えば、上述のトウガラシの無辛味固定品種である「CH-19甘」自体(無処理物)、その乾燥物(粉砕物)、又は酢酸エチル、エタノール等のアルコール類若しくは食品用乳化剤等の、当該技術分野において天然物からの抽出に常用される各種溶剤による「CH-19甘」の抽出物として含有されてもよい。
【0023】
更に、本発明の鎮痛作用を有するカプサイシノイド様物質又はそれを含有する植物体は、飼料に配合することにより鎮痛作用を有する飼料の製造に有用である。
【0024】
本発明のカプサイシノイド様物質は、種々の飼料、例えば、固体、液体、ゾル、ゲル、粉末及び顆粒状飼料に任意に配合することが可能である。該配合は、当業者であれば、食品への該物質の配合と本質的に同等な方法を用い、又はこれに適宜改変を加えて達成し得ることを容易に理解するであろう。
【0025】
なお、上記のトウガラシの無辛味固定品種「CH-19甘」は農林水産省種苗管理センターに品種登録されており、該機関より入手可能である。
【0026】
以下、実施例により本発明を詳細に説明するが、実施例は本発明を何ら限定するものではない。
【0027】
【実施例】
参考例:カプサイシンの投与量と鎮痛作用
6週齢の雄ddYマウスを3日間予備飼育し、健康なマウスを選択して群分け後(1群6匹、合計4群)、実験に用いた。担体溶媒(エタノール:トウィーン80:0.9%食塩水=3:10:87の混合液)に被験物質であるカプサイシンを種々の濃度に溶解し、マウスの体重kg当たり10 ml を強制経口投与することにより10, 50, 100mgのカプサイシンを投与し、担体溶媒のみを投与したマウスを比較対照として鎮痛効果を比較した。鎮痛効果の測定はホットプレート法(Brand, L.ら(1987) Drugs Exptl. Clin. Res. 13:259-265)により行った。すなわち、体重kg当たり0及び10, 50, 100mgのカプサイシンを強制経口投与する前及び投与後30分、1時間、2時間、4時間、8時間に、マウスを55℃のホットプレート上に置き、マウスが熱痛を感じて後足を舐めたり跳躍するなどの反応を示すまでの時間(反応潜時)を測定した。
【0028】
測定結果はマウスの群ごとに平均値と標準誤差を算出した。各群間の有意差検定はBartlett法(有意水準5%)による等分散検定を行い、等分散の場合にはDunnett法により平均値の多重比較を行った。不等分散の場合には、non-parametric Dunnett法により平均順位の多重比較を行った。投与前、1, 4, 8時間の測定値に関しては等分散であり、30分,2時間の測定値については不等分散であった。
【0029】
体重kg当たり10mgのカプサイシンを強制経口投与したマウス群においては、経口投与後8時間までのいずれの時点においても比較対照である担体溶媒投与群との間に反応潜時の有意差を認めることができなかった(表1)。
【0030】
一方、体重kg当たり30mgのカプサイシンを強制経口投与したマウス群においては、経口投与後1時間と2時間の時点においてP<0.05の有意確率で有意な潜時の増加が認められたが、投与後30分と4時間以降では有意差は見られなかった(表1)。
【0031】
又、体重kg当たり100mgのカプサイシンを強制経口投与したマウス群においては、特記すべき事実として、投与した6匹中3匹が投与直後に死亡した。これは報告されている経口投与カプサイシンのLD50(雄マウスで118.8 mg/kg、雌マウスで97.4 mg/kg)(Saito, A. and Yamamoto, M. (1996) J. Toxicol. Sci. 21:195-200)の値とよく一致している。生き残った3匹について経時的に反応潜時を測定した結果は、経口投与後1時間目においてP<0.01の有意確率で担体溶媒投与群との間に差が認められた(表1)。しかし、2時間目以降では有意差を認めなかった。
【0032】
【表1】
Figure 0004560864
【0033】
実施例:新規カプサイシノイド様物質の鎮痛作用
実施例2では1群8匹のマウス(合計5群)を用い、担体溶媒投与群を比較対照群とした。実施例1の結果から、鎮痛効果がみられ且つ死亡例が見られなかった30 mg/kgのカプサイシン投与量を陽性対照投与量とした。これに伴い、新規カプサイシノイド様物質(4−ヒドロキシ−3−メトキシベンジル (E)−8−メチル−6−ノネノアートと4−ヒドロキシ−3−メトキシベンジル 8−メチルノナノアートの2:1の混合物)の最低経口投与量を30 mg/kgとし、これより高い投与量の100 mg/kg及び300 mg/kgについても同時に鎮痛効果を調べた。実験方法及び統計処理方法はすべて実施例1と同様の方法で行った。
【0034】
実験結果の統計処理は分散が全て等分散であったので、Dunnett法による平均値の多重比較を行った。結果を表2及び図1にまとめた。
【0035】
カプサイシンの鎮痛効果は投与後1時間から4時間までの間P<0.01の有意確率で認められた。これと同等の鎮痛効果が新規カプサイシノイド様物質を30, 100及び 300 mg/kg投与した場合のいずれの場合においても認められた。
【0036】
図1の各群の時間0から8時間までの曲線下面積(AUC0 8hr)は、各群の測定潜時を8時間まで累計したものであるが、対照群が94.5±2.8であるのに対し、30 mg/kgカプサイシン投与群では150.6±4.2、30,100及び300mg/kgの新規カプサイシノイド様物質投与群ではそれぞれ148.3±6.5,154.1±4.6,134.0±4.0であった(表2)。
【0037】
【表2】
Figure 0004560864
【0038】
曲線下面積による比較においても、カプサイシン投与群及び30, 100及び 300 mg/kgの新規カプサイシノイド様物質投与群はいずれも対照群との比較においてP<0.01の有意確率で鎮痛効果があることを示している。又、曲線下面積の結果は、カプサイシンと新規カプサイシノイド様物質のオーバーオールの鎮痛効果は同等であること、ならびに新規カプサイシノイド様物質を30mg/kg投与したとき鎮痛効果は既に飽和に達しており、それ以上の量を投与しても鎮痛効果が増加することはないことをも示している。
【0039】
実施例2においては、比較対照の担体溶媒投与群はもちろんのこと、カプサイシン投与群及び新規カプサイシノイド様物質投与群のいずれの群も死亡例はなかった。実施例1では100 mg/kgのカプサイシン投与により半数のマウスが死亡したのに対し、実施例2で300 mg/kgの新規カプサイシノイド様物質を投与しても死亡するマウスはなかった。しかも死亡例が見られなかった300 mg/kgの1/10量の30 mg/kgで十分な鎮痛効果が得られた。以上の結果は、新規カプサイシノイド様物質はカプサイシンと同等の鎮痛効果を有するにも係わらずカプサイシンに比べて毒性が低いことを示しており、経口鎮痛剤として利用できることを示す。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
新規カプサイシノイド様物質は優れた鎮痛効果を有し、且つ辛味、毒性が極めて低いので、人間又は動物に本発明の新規カプサイシノイド様物質を含有する鎮痛剤又は食品又は飼料を経口的に投与することにより優れた鎮痛効果を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、担体溶媒に溶解したカプサイシン及びカプサイシノイド様物質をマウスに投与した後、経時的に55℃のホットプレート上に乗せ、熱痛反応を示すまでの時間を測定したものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an analgesic, food and feed containing a novel capsaicinoid-like substance.
[0002]
[Related technologies]
Capsaicin, the pungent component of capsicum, is a pain that is not effective with conventional analgesics, such as cluster headache (a type of migraine-type vascular headache), reflex sympathetic dystrophy, postmastectomy pain (breast Pain after excision), post-therapeutic neuralgia (neuralgia after treatment), diabetic neuropathy (diabetic neuralgia), etc., but has the major drawback of causing itching and burning sensation It has been known. Therefore, in order to eliminate these disadvantages, various capsaicin analogs were synthesized by systematically modifying and replacing the vanillyl ring constituting capsaicin, the side chain of fatty acid, and the amide region that binds both, and its analgesic effect and invasiveness were synthesized. Sexual relationships are being considered. From these synthetic capsaicin analogs, analgesics such as olbanil (NE19550) and nubanil (NE21610) were developed.
[0003]
By the way, Yazawa et al. Selected and fixed a new non-pungry varieties “CH-19 sweet” from the self-progeny of spicy varieties “CH-19” of capsicum obtained in Thailand (Yazawa, S., Suetome, N., Okamoto, K., and Namiki, T. (1989) J. Jap. Soc. Hort. Sci., 58: 601-607), the “CH-19 sweet” contains almost no capsaicinoid, instead It has been found that it contains a large amount of a new capsaicinoid-like substance (fatty acid ester of vanillyl alcohol). Furthermore, Yazawa et al., In JP-A-11-246478, show that these new capsaicinoid-like substances do not exhibit a pungent taste and have functions such as a body surface temperature increasing effect, a hot flash sensation, and a fat metabolism promoting effect. Revealed. However, it is not known that the novel capsaicinoid-like substance has an analgesic action.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, capsaicin has a special analgesic effect, but has drawbacks such as pruritus and burning. There is still considerable pungency and invasiveness in synthetic capsaicin analogs such as albanil (NE19550) and nubanil (NE21610). Therefore, it has been desired to develop an analog that has no pungent taste and is effective for acute and chronic systemic and local pain and inflammation.
[0005]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an analog of capsaicin which has no pungent taste and is effective for acute and chronic systemic and local pain and inflammation.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted extensive research and development in order to solve the above problems, and have found that the capsaicinoid-like substance of the present invention has an analgesic effect equivalent to that of capsaicin, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to the general formula (1):
[0007]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0004560864
Or [0008]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0004560864
And a food and feed having an analgesic effect, comprising a capsaicinoid-like substance represented by the formula:
Next, the present invention relates to a capsaicinoid-like substance in which n is 3, 4 or 5 in the above general formula (1), in particular, the capsaicinoid-like substance is 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl (E) -8-methyl-6 -Nonenoate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl (E) -8-methyl-6-nonenoate) or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 8-methylnonanoate And a food and feed having an analgesic effect.
[0009]
Furthermore, the present invention provides an analgesic and a food and feed having an analgesic effect, wherein the capsaicinoid-like substance used is blended in the form of a plant or a fruit containing the substance as a component.
[0010]
As mentioned above, these capsaicinoid-like substances have been found to have an excellent analgesic effect, and in addition, they are also included in capsicum varieties having conventional pungent tastes typified by “Nikko” and “Five Colors”. (Susumu Yazawa et al. (1989) Horticultural Society Journal 58: 601-607), humans have traditionally experienced eating. Furthermore, the capsaicinoid-like substance is extremely pungent and less invasive, and is less toxic than capsaicin, so it can be used as an analgesic food or food additive, or as an orally administered drug. It is.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The novel capsaicinoid-like substance of the present invention can be prepared by purifying and separating from a pepper plant and / or fruit containing the substance. The chili pepper used for the purification may be derived from the chili pepper varieties having conventional pungent tastes typified by “Nikko”, “5 color”, etc. Is particularly preferred because of its high content. Purification / separation can be carried out by means well known to those skilled in the art, such as solvent extraction, various types of chromatography such as silica gel chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography for preparation, alone or in combination, for example, The method described in JP-A No. 11-246478 can be used.
[0012]
The capsaicinoid-like substance can be synthesized by, for example, a transesterification reaction using a corresponding fatty acid ester and vanillyl alcohol as starting materials as in the method described in JP-A No. 11-246478. Moreover, it is also possible to synthesize based on the structural formula by using a reaction technique well known to those skilled in the art.
[0013]
Furthermore, the capsaicinoid-like substance can be easily prepared by a synthetic method using an enzyme. That is, for example, a desired capsaicinoid-like substance can be obtained by utilizing a reverse reaction of a lipase using a fatty acid ester corresponding to a desired compound and / or a compound such as triglyceride having the fatty acid and vanillyl alcohol as a substrate. it can. This method is described in Japanese Patent Application No. 11-123474 filed by the present applicant.
[0014]
In addition, the capsaicinoid-like substance is not particularly purified, separated or synthesized purely as a compound, and is a plant and / or fruit of a new kind of pepper “CH-19 sweet”, a dried product, a pulverized product, or a crude extract material. It is possible to mix | blend with a form. In other words, the new pepper cultivar “CH-19 Sweet” contains almost no capsaicinoid with pungent or invasiveness, but instead contains a large amount of capsaicinoid-like substance (fatty acid ester of vanillyl alcohol) with no pungent taste.・ Non-invasive and less toxic than capsaicin, and therefore, simple physics such as dry, pulverized, crude extraction, etc. for foods, food additives or feeds with analgesic action, or directly to orally administered drugs Formulation is possible by simply performing chemical and / or chemical treatments. In the present specification, the term “form of a plant or fruit” means a simple physical form such as drying, pulverization or rough extraction of the plant and / or fruit as it is or It is intended to include a form in which chemical treatment is performed.
[0015]
Capsaicinoid-like substances having analgesic activity of the present invention or plants containing the same are, for example, cluster headache (a kind of migraine type vascular headache), reflex sympathetic dystrophy (reflex sympathetic dystrophy), postmastectomy pain ( Pains after mastectomy, post-therapeutic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, etc., capsaicin or synthetic capsaicin analogs such as olbanil (NE19550) or nubanil (NE21610) are effective It is useful for the treatment of acute and chronic systemic and local pain and inflammation.
[0016]
The capsaicinoid-like substance of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally. In particular, the capsaicinoid-like substance is suitably used for oral administration because it does not have the pungent taste, and by formulating it into a form suitable for such administration. Treatment of acute and chronic systemic and local pain and inflammation, eg, cluster headache (a type of migraine-type vascular headache), reflex sympathetic dystrophy (reflex sympathetic dystrophy), postmastectomy pain (after mastectomy Pain), post-therapeutic neuralgia (neuralgia after treatment), diabetic neuropathy (diabetic neuralgia) and the like. When the compound of the present invention is used clinically, it can be administered after various preparations by adding pharmaceutically acceptable additives according to the administration form. As the additive at that time, various additives usually used in the pharmaceutical field can be used. For example, gelatin, lactose, sucrose, titanium oxide, starch, crystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, cornstarch, micro Crystalline wax, white petrolatum, magnesium aluminate metasilicate, anhydrous calcium phosphate, citric acid, trisodium citrate, hydroxypropylcellulose, sorbitol, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polysorbate, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyvinylpyrrolidone, Magnesium stearate, light anhydrous silicic acid, talc, vegetable oil, benzyl alcohol, gum arabic, propylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, chic Dextrin or hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin and the like.
[0017]
Examples of the dosage form formulated as a mixture with these additives include solid preparations such as tablets, capsules, granules, powders or suppositories; or liquid preparations such as syrups, elixirs or injections. These can be prepared by conventional methods in the pharmaceutical field. In the case of a liquid preparation, it may be dissolved or suspended in water or other appropriate medium at the time of use. In particular, in the case of injections, they may be dissolved or suspended in physiological saline or glucose solution as necessary, and buffering agents and preservatives may be added.
[0018]
These preparations can contain the compound having analgesic activity of the present invention in a proportion of 1 to 100% by weight, preferably 10 to 80% by weight of the total drug.
When the capsaicinoid-like substance having analgesic action of the present invention is used in a clinical setting, the dose and frequency of administration vary depending on the sex, age, body weight, symptom of the patient, and the type and range of the intended treatment. However, in general, in the case of oral administration, 1 to 50 mg / kg per day for an adult is divided into 1 to several times. In the case of parenteral administration, 1 to 10 mg / kg is divided into 1 to several times. Is preferred.
[0019]
On the other hand, the capsaicinoid-like substance having analgesic action of the present invention or a plant containing the same is useful for the production of a food having analgesic action by blending into the food.
[0020]
The capsaicinoid-like substance of the present invention can be arbitrarily blended in various foods such as solid, liquid, sol, gel, powder and granular foods. The blending can be performed by any production method known in the art. For example, a solid food such as chocolate; sports drinks and the like by a method described in JP-A-11-246478. Liquid foods; can be easily blended into retort foods such as azuki bean.
[0021]
The capsaicinoid-like substance can also be used in the form of a food additive. The food additive containing the capsaicinoid-like substance of the present invention can be obtained by using methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, various excipients such as dextrin, corn starch, and lactose, and auxiliary materials such as emulsifiers. Can be produced by mixing, granulating or encapsulating.
[0022]
The capsaicinoid-like substance contained in the food component does not necessarily have to be sufficiently purified as described above. That is, for example, “CH-19 sweet” itself (untreated product), a dry product (ground product), or an alcohol such as ethyl acetate or ethanol, or an emulsifier for food, etc. Further, it may be contained as an extract of “CH-19 sweet” using various solvents commonly used for extraction from natural products in the art.
[0023]
Furthermore, the capsaicinoid-like substance having analgesic action of the present invention or a plant containing the same is useful for producing a feed having an analgesic action by blending it in the feed.
[0024]
The capsaicinoid-like substance of the present invention can be arbitrarily blended in various feeds such as solid, liquid, sol, gel, powder and granular feed. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the blending can be accomplished using a method essentially equivalent to blending the substance into a food product, or with appropriate modifications.
[0025]
In addition, the above-mentioned non-spicy fixed variety “CH-19 sweet” of pepper is registered in the Seedling Management Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and is available from the institution.
[0026]
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, an Example does not limit this invention at all.
[0027]
【Example】
Reference example: Capsaicin dosage and analgesic action
Six-week-old male ddY mice were preliminarily raised for 3 days, and healthy mice were selected and divided into groups (6 mice per group, 4 groups in total) and used for the experiment. By dissolving capsaicin, a test substance, in various concentrations in a carrier solvent (ethanol: Tween 80: 0.9% saline = 3:10:87) and forcibly orally administering 10 ml per kg body weight of the mouse The analgesic effect was compared using a mouse administered with 10, 50, 100 mg of capsaicin and only the carrier solvent as a comparative control. The analgesic effect was measured by a hot plate method (Brand, L. et al. (1987) Drugs Exptl. Clin. Res. 13: 259-265). That is, before gavage administration of 0 and 10, 50, 100 mg capsaicin per kg body weight and at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 8 hours after administration, the mice were placed on a 55 ° C hot plate, The time (reaction latency) until the mouse felt a hot pain and showed a reaction such as licking the hind legs or jumping was measured.
[0028]
As the measurement results, an average value and a standard error were calculated for each group of mice. The significant difference test between each group was performed by equal variance test by Bartlett method (significance level 5%), and in the case of equal variance, multiple comparison of mean values was performed by Dunnett method. In the case of unequal variance, multiple comparisons of the average rank were performed by the non-parametric Dunnett method. Before the administration, the measured values for 1, 4, and 8 hours were equally dispersed, and the measured values for 30 minutes and 2 hours were unequally dispersed.
[0029]
In the mice group to which 10 mg capsaicin per kg body weight was forcibly administered orally, there was a significant difference in the response latency at any time point up to 8 hours after the oral administration with the carrier solvent administration group as a comparative control. It was not possible (Table 1).
[0030]
On the other hand, in the group of mice to which 30 mg capsaicin per kg body weight was forcibly administered orally, a significant increase in latency was observed with a significant probability of P <0.05 at 1 hour and 2 hours after oral administration. There was no significant difference between 30 minutes and 4 hours (Table 1).
[0031]
Moreover, in the group of mice to which 100 mg capsaicin per kg body weight was forcibly orally administered, as a special fact, 3 out of 6 mice died immediately after the administration. .. This LD 50 for oral administration capsaicin has been reported (118.8 mg / kg in male mice, 97.4 mg / kg in female mice) (Saito, A. and Yamamoto, M. (1996) J. Toxicol Sci 21: 195-200). As a result of measuring the reaction latency over time for the three surviving animals, a difference was found between the carrier solvent administration group and P group with a significant probability of P <0.01 at 1 hour after oral administration (Table 1). However, no significant difference was observed after the second hour.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004560864
[0033]
Example: Analgesic action of novel capsaicinoid-like substance In Example 2, 8 mice per group (5 groups in total) were used, and a carrier solvent administration group was used as a comparative control group. From the results of Example 1, a capsaicin dose of 30 mg / kg in which an analgesic effect was observed and no death was observed was taken as a positive control dose. Along with this, a new capsaicinoid-like substance (a mixture of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl (E) -8-methyl-6-nonenoate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 8-methylnonanoate) The lowest oral dose was 30 mg / kg, and analgesic effects were also examined at higher doses of 100 mg / kg and 300 mg / kg. All experimental methods and statistical processing methods were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0034]
Since the statistical processing of the experimental results was all equally distributed, multiple comparisons of average values by Dunnett's method were performed. The results are summarized in Table 2 and FIG.
[0035]
The analgesic effect of capsaicin was observed with a significant probability of P <0.01 from 1 to 4 hours after administration. An analgesic effect equivalent to this was observed in the cases where the new capsaicinoid-like substance was administered at 30, 100 and 300 mg / kg.
[0036]
The area under the curve from time 0 to 8 hours for each group in FIG. 1 (AUC 0 8 hr ) is the cumulative measurement latency of each group up to 8 hours, while the control group is 94.5 ± 2.8. In contrast, in the 30 mg / kg capsaicin administration group, it was 150.6 ± 4.2, 30,100 and 300 mg / kg in the new capsaicinoid-like substance administration group, respectively, 148.3 ± 6.5, 154.1 ± 4.6, 134.0 ± 4.0 (Table 2).
[0037]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004560864
[0038]
Comparison with the area under the curve also shows that the capsaicin-administered group and the 30, 100 and 300 mg / kg capsaicinoid-like substance-administered groups all have analgesic effects with a significant probability of P <0.01 compared to the control group. ing. The results of the area under the curve show that the overall analgesic effect of capsaicin and the new capsaicinoid-like substance is equivalent, and the analgesic effect has already reached saturation when 30 mg / kg of the new capsaicinoid-like substance is administered. It is also shown that the analgesic effect does not increase even when the amount of the drug is administered.
[0039]
In Example 2, there were no deaths in any of the capsaicin-administered group and the novel capsaicinoid-like substance-administered group as well as the comparative carrier solvent-administered group. In Example 1, half of the mice died after administration of 100 mg / kg of capsaicin, whereas in Example 2, no mouse died even when 300 mg / kg of the new capsaicinoid-like substance was administered. Moreover, a sufficient analgesic effect was obtained at 30 mg / kg, which is 1/10 of 300 mg / kg, where no death occurred. The above results indicate that the new capsaicinoid-like substance is less toxic than capsaicin, although it has an analgesic effect equivalent to that of capsaicin, and can be used as an oral analgesic.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
Since the new capsaicinoid-like substance has an excellent analgesic effect and has extremely low pungency and toxicity, it is possible to orally administer an analgesic or food or feed containing the novel capsaicinoid-like substance of the present invention to humans or animals. An excellent analgesic effect can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the measurement of the time taken to administer capsaicin and a capsaicinoid-like substance dissolved in a carrier solvent to a mouse and then put on a hot plate at 55 ° C. over time to show a heat pain reaction. is there.

Claims (5)

一般式:
Figure 0004560864
式中、nは3,4又は5である
で表されるカプサイシノイド様物質、及び
【化2】
一般式:
Figure 0004560864
式中、nは3,4又は5である
で表されるカプサイシノイド様物質を含有することを特徴とする鎮痛剤。
General formula:
Figure 0004560864
( Wherein n is 3, 4 or 5 )
A capsaicinoid-like substance represented by the formula :
General formula:
Figure 0004560864
( Wherein n is 3, 4 or 5 )
An analgesic comprising a capsaicinoid-like substance represented by the formula:
前記式:
Figure 0004560864
で表されるカプサイシノイド様物質が、4−ヒドロキシ−3−メトキシベンジル (E)−8−メチル−6−ノネノアートである請求項1に記載の鎮痛剤。
Said formula:
Figure 0004560864
The analgesic according to claim 1, wherein the capsaicinoid-like substance represented by the formula is 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl (E) -8-methyl-6-nonenoate.
前記式:
Figure 0004560864
で表されるカプサイシノイド様物質が、4−ヒドロキシ−3−メトキシベンジル 8−メチルノナノアートである請求項1に記載の鎮痛剤。
Said formula:
Figure 0004560864
The analgesic according to claim 1, wherein the capsaicinoid-like substance represented by the formula is 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 8-methylnonanoate.
カプサイシノ様物質が4−ヒドロキシ−3−メトキシベンジル (E)−8−メチル−6−ノネノアート及び4−ヒドロキシ−3−メトキシベンジル 8−メチルノナノアートである請求項1に記載の鎮痛剤。The analgesic according to claim 1, wherein the capsaicin-like substances are 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl (E) -8-methyl-6-nonenoate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 8-methylnonanoate. 鎮痛剤の製造のための請求項1乃至のいずれか一項に記載のカプサイシノイド様物質の使用。Use of a capsaicinoid-like substance according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for the manufacture of an analgesic .
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