JP4555590B2 - Warm building materials - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a warm building material in which a human touches the surface and hardly feels cold or heat.

  A general tile includes a ceramic base and a glaze layer that is provided integrally with the base on the surface side of the base and is formed by melting the glaze. This tile is manufactured by the following manufacturing method. First, a substrate is obtained from a ceramic material such as clay. Then, a glazing layer is glazed on the surface side of the substrate with glaze to obtain a glazed product. Thereafter, the glazed product is fired. The tile thus obtained is made of an inorganic ceramic base, and the glaze layer is made of amorphous or crystalline glass, so that it is excellent as a building material such as an interior material due to excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, etc. Demonstrate durability. In addition, this tile also exhibits excellent design properties due to the glaze layer.

  However, this kind of common tile is in the shade in the winter, it is easy to feel cold when a person touches the surface, it is in the sun in the summer, and the person on the surface When touched, it is easy to feel heat.

  For this reason, Patent Document 1 proposes a warm building material in which the glaze layer is made porous. In this warm building material, the porous glaze layer becomes an inorganic functional layer having pores, and this functional layer lowers the heat flux. For this reason, this warm building material is in the shade in the winter, it is hard to feel cold even when people touch the surface, it is in the sun in the summer, people touched the surface In some cases, it produces a warming effect that it is difficult to feel the heat.

  In addition, Patent Document 2 proposes a warm building material that is sintered while foaming a base during firing. Similarly, Patent Document 3 proposes a warm sensation building material in which porous particles are mixed and sintered on a substrate. Since these base materials are made of ceramics in a porous state, the base material becomes an inorganic functional layer having pores, and this functional layer reduces the heat flux. A similar warming effect is produced.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-17271 JP-A-4-2675 JP 2002-285695 A

  However, since the conventional warm building material has pores secured by the porous material, each pore cannot secure a large volume, and the heat flux is not sufficiently lowered. In particular, when the layers are made porous by foaming the glaze layer and the base, this tendency is large because each pore is not sealed by being continuous and cannot contain air or the like inside. . For this reason, these warm feeling building materials are hard to obtain an effective warm feeling effect.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said conventional situation, Comprising: It is the problem which should be solved to obtain the warm feeling building material which can exhibit an effective warm feeling effect.

The warm building material of the present invention comprises a ceramic base and a glaze layer provided integrally with the base by melting the glaze on the surface side of the base,
The glaze layer is composed of innumerable pore particles having sealed pores inside, a matrix skeleton made of amorphous or crystalline glass that connects the pore particles, and the pores secured between the skeletons. A functional layer including non-sealed pores formed between the particles;
The protective layer is provided integrally with the functional layer on the surface side of the functional layer and covers the pores that are not sealed.

In the warm building material of the present invention, the glaze layer has a functional layer containing pore particles. Since the pore particles have hermetic pores inside, the pores of the functional layer can secure a larger volume than that secured by the porosity. The pores may be filled with a gas such as air or a vacuum. Each pore constituted by the pore particles is sealed to enclose air or the like inside. Therefore, the warming building material can lower down Rukoto sufficiently heat flux.

Therefore, when a person touches the warm sensation building material of the present invention, the heat transfer from the body to the building material is small in winter and the cooling sensation can be sufficiently suppressed, and the heat transfer from the building material to the body in summer. Is small and the heat feeling can be sufficiently suppressed, and a sufficient warm feeling can be imparted.

In the warm sensation building material of the present invention, the glaze layer may be a functional layer as a whole, or a part thereof may be a functional layer. When a part of glaze layer is a functional layer, the functional layer may be provided in the surface side, and the functional layer may be provided in the back | inner side.

  Thermally sensitive building materials in which the entire glaze layer is a functional layer or the glaze layer has a functional layer on the surface side are exposed, so the surface directly touched by humans has pores. Therefore, it exhibits a high warmth effect. Moreover, since this pore is sealed with pore particles, even if the pore particles are exposed on the surface, the warm sensation building material does not generate moisture from the surface. For this reason, this is excellent in antifouling property because it is hard to get dirty, and frost damage does not occur. However, if the content of the pore particles in the functional layer is increased too much, pores that are not sealed are easily formed between the pore particles, the antifouling property is impaired, and frost damage is a concern.

If the glaze layer is provided with a functional layer on the back side, the glaze layer is provided in the functional layer integrally on the surface side of the functional layer, that provides a protective layer for concealing the gas holes not closed shape. This warm feeling construction material is slightly inferior to the warm feeling construction material in which the functional layer is exposed, but the protective layer prevents the pore particles from being destroyed from the surface and exhibits excellent durability. To do. Even if the content of pore particles in the functional layer is increased to improve the warmth effect, the protective layer hides the non-sealed pores that occur between the pore particles, ensuring antifouling and frost damage resistance can do.

In the warm building material of the present invention, the thickness of the functional layer is preferably 0.1 mm or more. If it is 0.1 mm or more, a satisfactory warm feeling effect is obtained. By increasing or decreasing the thickness of the functional layer, warmth, surface hardness, strength, etc. can be adjusted. Thereby, it is easy to adapt to JIS standards suitable for building materials such as tiles.

  The pore particles are particles having sealed pores inside. As the pore particles, at least one of hollow particles and porous particles can be employed. The functional layer may include hollow fibers in addition to the pore particles or together with the pore particles.

  The hollow particles are particles having pores in a non-water-absorbing spherical or substantially spherical shell. The pores may be filled with a gas such as air or a vacuum. As the inorganic hollow particles, glass balloons, silica balloons, quartz glass balloons, fly ash, shirasu balloons, alumina balloons and the like having a particle size of about several tens of μm can be employed.

  The porous particles are particles having pores sealed inside. As the porous particles, particles disclosed in JP-A-4-2675, JP-A-2002-285695 and the like can be employed.

  The hollow fiber is a fiber having pores inside. The pores may be filled with a gas such as air or a vacuum. As the inorganic hollow fiber, a hollow glass fiber having a diameter of about several tens of μm, a hollow silica fiber, a hollow quartz glass fiber, or the like can be employed. However, if the pores contain hollow fibers that are open at both ends, do not include these hollow fibers on the surface side, or make the amount so as not to impair the antifouling property and frost resistance. Is preferred.

In the functional layer, it is preferable that the back side and the surface side are sandwiched integrally by a high-strength layer having higher strength than the functional layer. Since the functional layer has many pores, the strength itself has to be low, but by doing so, the functional layer has sufficient strength. In addition, since the functional layer and the high- strength layer are integrated, they are firmly bonded, and the strength of the whole warm building material is improved. As the high-strength layer having higher strength than the functional layer, a layer having a low porosity, a layer whose degree of melting or sintering has progressed due to low melt viscosity, and the like can be employed. A protective layer that does not contain pore particles can also be a high strength layer.

  There can be a plurality of functional layers from the back side to the surface side. In this case, the warm feeling effect is enhanced by the plurality of functional layers.

  The functional layer on the front side preferably has a lower porosity than the functional layer on the back side. The porosity refers to the ratio of the total volume of the pores in the constant volume of the functional layer. Considering two-dimensionally, it is possible to convert the ratio by the ratio of the total area of the pores in a certain area of the functional layer. This warm sensation building material has a functional layer on the surface side that is hard and hardly scratched, and can exhibit more excellent design. In order to make the porosity of the functional layer on the surface side smaller than the porosity of the functional layer on the back side, the number of pore particles and the particle size of the pore particles can be adjusted. Since both the functional layer on the front side and the functional layer on the back side contain pore particles, the production process can be simplified by using the same pore particles, and the production cost can be reduced.

  As the pore particles, it is particularly preferable to employ only hollow particles having pores in a non-water-absorbing spherical or substantially spherical shell. Even if the hollow particles are exposed, this warm sensation building material is excellent in antifouling properties and anti-frost damage due to the non-water-absorbing shell so that water and dirt do not penetrate. In addition, since such hollow particles have high fluidity, they can be easily dispersed uniformly in the raw material constituting the matrix of the functional layer, the manufacturing process can be simplified, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. .

Hereinafter, Embodiments 1 and 2 embodying the present invention will be described together with Reference Examples 1 to 13 with reference to the drawings.
( Reference Example 1)

In Reference Example 1, floor tiles are manufactured as a warm building material by the following manufacturing method. First, a known first ceramic raw material having 35 parts by mass of clay, 30 parts by mass of feldspar, 25 parts by mass of porcelain and 15 parts by mass of ceramic waste is prepared.

  In addition, hollow particles B1 to B4 having compositions shown in Table 1 are prepared. These hollow particles B1 to B4 are fly ash balloons, and the melting points of the hollow particles B1 and B2 are about 1600 ° C, and the melting points of the hollow particles B3 and B4 are about 1400 ° C. These hollow particles B1 to B4 are levitated after putting commercially available fly ash into water and stirring it.

  And feldspar 36 parts, calcium carbonate 13 parts, clay 10 parts, alumina 10 parts, barium carbonate 9 parts, quartz sand 8 parts, zinc white 7 parts, cullet 7 parts A second ceramic raw material having 50 parts by mass of the mass part and the hollow particles B1 is prepared.

  Next, after the first ceramic raw material is introduced into the bottom of the mold, the second ceramic raw material is introduced onto the first ceramic raw material, and the first and second ceramic raw materials are formed. As a result, the substrate 1 is obtained as shown in FIG. The substrate 1 includes a first part 1a made of a first ceramic raw material, and a second part 1b made of a second ceramic raw material provided integrally with the first part 1a on the surface side of the first part 1a. Hollow particles 2 made of hollow particles B1 are dispersed in the second part 1b. The hollow particles 2 are particles having pores 2b in a non-water-absorbing spherical shell 2a. The air holes 2b are filled with air.

  After this, feldspar 36 parts, calcium carbonate 13 parts, clay 10 parts, alumina 10 parts, barium carbonate 9 parts, quartz sand 8 parts, zinc white 7 parts, cullet 7 parts by mass, 20 parts by mass of hollow particles B1 and a suitable first glaze of water are prepared. The amount of water added is adjusted according to the glazing method, such as 167 parts by mass when glazing is performed by a spray method. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the first glaze is applied to the surface side of the substrate 1 and the first applied layer 3 is applied by a known method such as a spray method, a screen method, a doweling method, or the like. . Also in the first glazing layer 3, hollow particles 2 made of hollow particles B1 are dispersed.

  Further, 36 parts by mass of feldspar, 13 parts by mass of calcium carbonate, 10 parts by mass of clay, 10 parts by mass of alumina, 9 parts by mass of barium carbonate, 8 parts by mass of silica sand, 7 parts by mass of zinc white, 7 parts of cullet A mass part, 100 mass parts of hollow particles B1, and the 2nd glaze of appropriate water are prepared. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, this second glaze is applied to the surface side of the first applied layer 3, and the second applied layer 4 is applied. At this time, the second glaze is applied to the surface side of the first glazing layer 3 with a relatively weak pressure using a spray. For this reason, the second glaze constitutes the second glazing layer 4 having a three-dimensional mesh shape or a spongy shape while containing air. Also in the second glazing layer 4, the hollow particles 2 made of the hollow particles B1 are dispersed.

  Furthermore, 36 parts by mass of feldspar, 13 parts by mass of calcium carbonate, 10 parts by mass of clay, 10 parts by mass of alumina, 9 parts by mass of barium carbonate, 8 parts by mass of silica sand, 7 parts by mass of zinc white, 7 parts of cullet A mass part, 20 mass parts of hollow particles B1, and a suitable 3rd glaze of water are prepared. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the third glaze is applied to the surface side of the second glaze layer 4 by a known method such as a spray method, a screen method, a doweling method, etc., and the third glaze layer 5 Glazed. Also in the third glazing layer 5, the hollow particles 2 made of the hollow particles B1 are dispersed.

  Thus, by using the same kind of hollow particles B1, the manufacturing process can be simplified, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, since the hollow particles B1 are used, the hollow particles B1 can be easily dispersed uniformly in the first to third glazes, the manufacturing process can be simplified, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  The glazed product thus obtained is fired at 1220 ° C. for 40 minutes to obtain a floor tile as a warm building material shown in FIG. This floor tile includes a ceramic base 11 and a glaze layer 12 provided integrally with the base 11 on the surface side of the base 11.

  The base portion 11 includes a sintered portion 11a formed by sintering the first portion 1a and a first functional layer 11b formed by sintering the second portion 1b. The sintered part 11a has a thickness of 5 mm and a porosity of less than 5%. The first functional layer 11b has a thickness of 0.5 mm and an average porosity of 40%.

The glaze layer 12 includes a second functional layer 13 formed by melting the first glazed layer 3, a third functional layer 14 formed by melting the second glazed layer 4, and a third glazed layer. The fourth functional layer 15 is formed by melting the layer 5. The thickness of the second functional layer 13 is 0.1 mm, the thickness of the third functional layer 14 is 0.5 mm, and the thickness of the fourth functional layer 15 is 0.2 mm. In the glaze layer 12, raw materials other than the hollow particles 2 constitute a matrix made of amorphous or crystalline glass as an inorganic binder. In particular, the third functional layer 14 has a three-dimensional network shape or a spongy shape in which a myriad of hollow particles 2 are the core and each hollow particle 2 is connected by a matrix skeleton 14a, and pores 14b are also formed between the skeletons 14a. Is secured. The average porosity of the second functional layer 13 is 20%, the average porosity of the third functional layer 14 is 70%, and the average porosity of the fourth functional layer 15 is 20%.

  FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional photograph of the floor tile, FIG. 7 shows an enlarged cross-sectional photograph of the part a, and FIG. 8 shows an enlarged sectional photograph of the part b. Moreover, the cross-sectional photograph of the floor tile manufactured without forming the 3rd glazed layer 5 is shown in FIG.9 and FIG.10, the expanded sectional photograph of those a part is shown in FIG.11 and FIG.12, those b part Enlarged cross-sectional photographs are shown in FIGS.

The floor tile having the above-described configuration has the first functional layer 11 b in which the base 11 includes the hollow particles 2 and the second to fourth functional layers 13 to 15 in which the glaze layer 12 includes the hollow particles 2. Yes. In particular, this floor tile has a plurality of first to fifth functional layers 11 and 13 to 15 from the back side to the surface side. Since the hollow particles 2 have sealed pores 2b inside, the pores 2b of the first functional layer 11b and the pores 2b, 14b of the second to fourth functional layers 13-15 are larger in volume than those secured by the porous material. Can be secured. Moreover, each pore 2b comprised by the hollow particle 2 is confining air by being sealed. For this reason, this floor tile can sufficiently reduce the heat flux.

  Therefore, when a person comes into contact with the floor tile, the heat transfer from the body to the building material is small in winter, so that the cool feeling can be sufficiently suppressed and a sufficient warm feeling can be imparted. For this reason, this floor tile is very effective when used for bathrooms. In addition, in the summer, this floor tile has a small heat transfer from the floor tile to the body and can sufficiently suppress the heat feeling.

Moreover, since this floor tile has the 4th functional layer 15 exposed, the surface which a person touches directly has the pore 2b, Therefore The high thermal effect is exhibited. In addition, since the pores 2b are hermetically sealed by the hollow particles 2 and the content of the hollow particles 2 in the fourth functional layer 15 is low, this floor tile does not cause moisture content from the surface. For this reason, this is excellent in antifouling property because it is hard to get dirty, and frost damage does not occur.

Further, this floor tile has a second functional layer 13 on the back side of the third functional layer 14, a fourth functional layer 15 on the surface side of the third functional layer 14, and the second functional layer 13 and the second functional layer 13 . Since the 4-functional layer 15 corresponds to a high-strength layer having higher strength than the third functional layer 14, the third functional layer 14 has sufficient strength. Moreover, since the 3rd functional layer 14 and the 2nd , 4th functional layers 13 and 15 are united, these are combined firmly and the intensity | strength of the whole floor tile is also improving.

Moreover, in this floor tile, since the 4th functional layer 15 on the surface side has a lower porosity than the 3rd functional layer 14 on the back side, the 4th functional layer 15 becomes hard and is hardly scratched, and more excellent. The design properties can be demonstrated.

It is also possible to use the same hollow particles B2 to B4 whose compositions are shown in Table 1 instead of the hollow particles B1. The hollow particles B2 have a particle size range of 20 to 75 μm (75 μm or more is 2% or less) and an average particle size of 45 μm. The hollow particles B3 have a particle size range of 10 to 150 μm (150 μm or more is 2% or less) and an average particle size of 68 μm. The hollow particles B4 have a particle size range of 10 to 300 μm (300 μm or more is 3% or less) and an average particle size of 120 μm.
(Reference Example 2 )

As shown in FIG. 15, the floor tile of Reference Example 2 includes a sintered portion 11a and a third functional layer 14 provided integrally with the sintered portion 11a on the surface side of the sintered portion 11a. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1.

Since the third functional layer 14 having a high content of the hollow particles 2 is exposed, this floor tile exhibits an extremely high warming effect.
(Example 1 )

As shown in FIG. 16, the floor tile of Example 1 includes a sintered part 11a, a third functional layer 14 provided integrally with the sintered part 11a on the surface side of the sintered part 11a, and the third functional layer 14. The protective layer 25 is provided integrally with the third functional layer 14 on the surface side of the functional layer 14. The protective layer 25 is formed of a glaze obtained by removing the hollow particles 2 from the first to third glazes. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1.

Although this floor tile is slightly inferior to the floor tile of Reference Example 2 in which the third functional layer 14 is exposed, the protective layer 25 prevents the hollow particles 2 from being destroyed from the surface. Exhibits excellent durability. In addition, since the protective layer 25 conceals the non-sealed pores 14b generated between the hollow particles 2 in this floor tile, antifouling properties and frost damage resistance can be ensured.
( Reference Example 3)

As shown in FIG. 17, the floor tile of Reference Example 3 includes a sintered portion 11 a, a third functional layer 14 provided integrally with the sintered portion 11 a on the surface side of the sintered portion 11 a, and the third functional layer 14. The fourth functional layer 15 is provided integrally with the third functional layer 14 on the surface side of the functional layer 14. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1.

This floor tile exhibits an intermediate property between the floor tile of Reference Example 2 and the floor tile of Example 1 .
(Reference Example 4 )

As shown in FIG. 18, the floor tile of Reference Example 4 includes a sintered portion 11a and a second functional layer 13 provided integrally with the sintered portion 11a on the surface side of the sintered portion 11a. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1.

Although this floor tile has a low content of the hollow particles 2, the second functional layer 13 is exposed, and thus exhibits a high warm feeling effect.
(Reference Example 5 )

As shown in FIG. 19, the floor tile of Reference Example 5 includes a sintered portion 11a, a second functional layer 13 provided integrally with the sintered portion 11a on the surface side of the sintered portion 11a, and the second functional layer 13. The protective layer 25 is provided integrally with the second functional layer 13 on the surface side of the functional layer 13. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1 and Example 1 .

Although this floor tile is slightly inferior to the floor tile of Reference Example 4 in which the second functional layer 13 is exposed, the protective layer 25 prevents the hollow particles 2 from being destroyed from the surface. Exhibits excellent durability.
(Reference Example 6 )

As shown in FIG. 20, the floor tile of Reference Example 6 includes a sintered portion 11a, a second functional layer 13 provided integrally with the sintered portion 11a on the surface side of the sintered portion 11a, and the second functional layer 13. The fourth functional layer 15 is provided integrally with the second functional layer 13 on the surface side of the functional layer 13. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1.

This floor tile exhibits an intermediate property between the floor tile of Reference Example 4 and the floor tile of Reference Example 5 .
(Example 2 )

In Example 2 , feldspar powder is 37 parts by weight, calcium carbonate is 13 parts by weight, alumina is 10 parts by weight, clay is 9 parts by weight, barium carbonate is 9 parts by weight, quartz sand is 8 parts by weight, and zinc white is 7 parts by weight. Prepare 7 parts by mass of cullet and appropriate first glaze of water. And like the reference example 1, this 1st glaze is glazed on the surface side of the base 1, and the 1st glazing layer 3 is glazed.

Also, a third glaze having the same composition as the first glaze is prepared. And like the reference example 1, this 3rd glaze is glazed on the surface side of the 2nd glaze layer 4, and the 3rd glaze layer 5 is glazed. Other conditions are the same as in Reference Example 1.

Also in the floor tile obtained in this way, as shown in FIG. 21, it consists of a ceramic base 11 and a glaze layer 12 provided integrally with the base 11 on the surface side of the base 11. In particular, the first protective layer 23 formed by melting the first glazed layer 3 and the second protective layer 25 as a surface layer formed by melting the third glazed layer 5 have pores. Not included. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1.

In this floor tiles, since the second protective layer 25 does not have pores, but warming than Reference Example 1 is slightly inferior, it is possible to achieve the same effects as in Reference Example 1.
( Reference Example 7 )

In Reference Example 7 , the first and third glazes of Example 2 are used. Moreover, 37 parts by mass of feldspar powder, 13 parts by mass of calcium carbonate, 10 parts by mass of alumina, 9 parts by mass of clay, 9 parts by mass of barium carbonate, 8 parts by mass of quartz sand, 7 parts by mass of zinc white, and cullet 7 parts by mass, 50 parts by mass of hollow particles B1 and appropriate second glaze of water are prepared, and this second glaze is used. Other conditions are the same as in Reference Example 1.

Also in the floor tile obtained in this way, as shown in FIG. 22, it is composed of a ceramic base 11 and a glaze layer 12 provided integrally with the base 11 on the surface side of the base 11. In particular, in the second functional layer 34 of the glaze layer 12, innumerable hollow particles 2 are connected to be adjacent to each other, and pores 2 c are secured between the hollow particles 2. The porosity of the second functional layer 34 is an average of 80%. Also in this floor tile, the same effect as Reference Example 2 can be achieved.
(Reference Example 8 )

In Reference Example 8 , feldspar 36 parts by weight, calcium carbonate 13 parts by weight, clay 10 parts by weight, alumina 10 parts by weight, barium carbonate 9 parts by weight, silica sand 8 parts by weight, zinc white 7 parts by weight, Prepare 7 parts by mass of cullet, 100 parts by mass of hollow fiber 32, and appropriate second glaze of water. As shown in FIG. 23, the hollow fiber 32 is a fiber having pores 32b inside a cylindrical tube 32a, and the pores 32b are filled with air. The length of the hollow fiber 32 is 0.1 to 1 mm. And like the reference example 1, this 2nd glaze is glazed on the surface side of the 1st glazing layer 3, and the 2nd glazing layer 4 is glazed. Other conditions are the same as in Reference Example 1.

The floor tile thus obtained also includes a ceramic base 11 and a glaze layer 12 provided integrally with the base 11 on the surface side of the base 11. In particular, the second functional layer 44 has a three-dimensional network shape or a spongy shape formed by connecting innumerable hollow fibers 32 to each other by a matrix skeleton 34a, and the pores 34b are also formed between the skeletons 34a. Is secured. The porosity of the second functional layer 44 is 70% on average. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1. Also in this floor tile, the same effect as Reference Example 1 can be obtained.
( Reference Example 9 )

In Reference Example 9 , feldspar 36 parts by weight, calcium carbonate 13 parts by weight, clay 10 parts by weight, alumina 10 parts by weight, barium carbonate 9 parts by weight, silica sand 8 parts by weight, zinc white 7 parts by weight, Prepare 7 parts by mass of cullet, 50 parts by mass of porous particles 42, and appropriate second glaze of water. As shown in FIG. 24, the porous particles 42 are those disclosed in JP-A-4-2675, JP-A-2002-285695, and the like. And like the reference examples 1 and 2 , this 2nd glaze is glazed on the surface side of the 1st glazing layer 3, and the 2nd glazing layer 4 is glazed. Other conditions are the same as in Reference Example 1.

The floor tile thus obtained also includes a ceramic base 11 and a glaze layer 12 provided integrally with the base 11 on the surface side of the base 11. In particular, the second functional layer 54 is formed in a three-dimensional network shape or a spongy shape by innumerable porous particles 42 serving as a core and each porous particle 42 is connected by a matrix skeleton 44a, and also between the skeletons 44a. The air holes 44b are secured. The porosity of the second functional layer 54 is 50% on average. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1. Also in this floor tile, the same effect as Reference Example 1 can be obtained.
( Reference Example 10 )

In Reference Example 10 , feldspar 36 parts by weight, calcium carbonate 13 parts by weight, clay 10 parts by weight, alumina 10 parts by weight, barium carbonate 9 parts by weight, silica sand 8 parts by weight, zinc white 7 parts by weight, Prepare 7 parts by mass of cullet, 200 parts by mass of hollow particles B1, and a suitable second glaze of water. Then, the second glaze is applied by applying the second glaze to the surface side of the first glazing layer 3 and the second glazing layer 4 is applied. Other conditions are the same as in Reference Example 1.

Also in the floor tile obtained in this way, as shown in FIG. 25, it consists of a ceramic base 11 and a glaze layer 12 provided integrally with the base 11 on the surface side of the base 11. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1. Also in this floor tile, the same effect as Reference Example 1 can be obtained.
(Reference Example 11 )

In Reference Example 11 , feldspar 36 parts by weight, calcium carbonate 13 parts by weight, clay 10 parts by weight, alumina 10 parts by weight, barium carbonate 9 parts by weight, silica sand 8 parts by weight, zinc white 7 parts by weight, Prepare 7 parts by mass of cullet, 200 parts by mass of hollow fiber 32, and appropriate second glaze of water. Then, the second glaze is applied by applying the second glaze to the surface side of the first glazing layer 3 and the second glazing layer 4 is applied. Other conditions are the same as in Reference Example 1.

The floor tile thus obtained also includes a ceramic base 11 and a glaze layer 12 provided integrally with the base 11 on the surface side of the base 11 as shown in FIG. In particular, the second functional layer 64 has innumerable hollow fibers 32 connected adjacent to each other, and pores 32 c are secured between the hollow fibers 32. The porosity of the second functional layer 64 is 80% on average. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1. Also in this floor tile, the same effect as Reference Example 1 can be obtained.
( Reference Example 12 )

In Reference Example 12 , feldspar 36 parts by weight, calcium carbonate 13 parts by weight, clay 10 parts by weight, alumina 10 parts by weight, barium carbonate 9 parts by weight, silica sand 8 parts by weight, zinc white 7 parts by weight, Prepare 7 parts by mass of cullet, 200 parts by mass of porous particles 42, and appropriate second glaze of water. Then, the second glaze is applied by applying the second glaze to the surface side of the first glazing layer 3 and the second glazing layer 4 is applied. Other conditions are the same as in Reference Example 1.

As shown in FIG. 27, the floor tile thus obtained also includes a ceramic base 11 and a glaze layer 12 provided integrally with the base 11 on the surface side of the base 11. In particular, in the second functional layer 74, innumerable porous particles 42 are connected to be adjacent to each other, and pores 42b are secured between the respective porous particles 42. The porosity of the second functional layer 74 is an average of 70%. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1. Also in this floor tile, the same effect as Reference Example 1 can be obtained.
(Reference Example 13 )

In Reference Example 13 , feldspar 36 parts by weight, calcium carbonate 13 parts by weight, clay 10 parts by weight, alumina 10 parts by weight, barium carbonate 9 parts by weight, silica sand 8 parts by weight, zinc white 7 parts by weight, Prepare 7 parts by mass of cullet, 0.4 parts by mass of silicon carbide, and appropriate second glaze of water. Then, the second glaze is applied to the surface side of the first glazing layer 3 in the same manner as the first glazing layer 3 and the third glazing layer 5, and the second glazing layer 4 is glazed. Other conditions are the same as in Reference Example 1.

As shown in FIG. 28, the floor tile thus obtained also includes a ceramic base 11 and a glaze layer 12 provided integrally with the base 11 on the surface side of the base 11. In particular, the second functional layer 84 has pores 84a inside because the second glaze is foamed of silicon carbide. The porosity of the second functional layer 84 is about 70%. Other configurations are the same as those in Reference Example 1. Also in this floor tile, the same effect as Reference Example 1 can be obtained.

  The warm building material of the present invention can be embodied in floor tiles, wall tiles and the like. In particular, the warm building material is preferably embodied in floor tiles. If this floor tile is constructed in an indoor living room, kitchen, bathroom, etc., even if a person is barefoot on it, it is possible to spend a good time due to the warmth effect.

It is a model expanded sectional view which shows the base material for manufacturing the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 1. FIG. It is a model expanded sectional view which shows the base for manufacturing the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 1, and a 1st glazed layer. It is a model expanded sectional view which shows the base for manufacturing the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 1, a 1st glazing layer, and a 2nd glazing layer. It is a model expanded sectional view which shows the base material for manufacturing the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 1, a 1st glazing layer, a 2nd glazing layer, and a 3rd glazing layer. It is a model expanded sectional view of the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 1. FIG. It is a 35-times photomicrograph showing a cross section of the floor tile according to Reference Example 1. FIG. 7 is a 100 × magnified photo showing an enlarged portion a in FIG. 6 according to Reference Example 1. FIG. FIG. 7 is a 100 × magnified micrograph showing the portion b in FIG. 6 according to Reference Example 1. FIG. It is a 35 times as many microscope picture which shows the cross section of the floor tile which concerns on the modification of the reference example 1. FIG. It is a 100-times microscope picture which shows the cross section of the floor tile which concerns on the modification of the reference example 1. FIG. FIG. 10 is a 100 × magnified micrograph showing a portion a of FIG. 9 according to Reference Example 1. FIG. It relates to Reference Example 1, a 35-fold micrograph of showing an enlarged a portion of FIG. 10. FIG. 10 is a 100 × magnified micrograph showing the portion b of FIG. 9 according to Reference Example 1. FIG. FIG. 11 is a 100 × magnified micrograph showing the portion b in FIG. 10 according to Reference Example 1. FIG. It is a model expanded sectional view of the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of a floor tile according to Example 1. FIG. It is a model expanded sectional view of the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 3. FIG. It is a model expanded sectional view of the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 4. FIG. 10 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of a floor tile according to Reference Example 5. FIG. It is a model expanded sectional view of the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 6. FIG. 6 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of a floor tile according to Example 2. FIG. It is a model expanded sectional view of the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 7. FIG. 10 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of a floor tile according to Reference Example 8. FIG. It is a model expanded sectional view of the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 9. FIG. It is a model expanded sectional view of the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 10. FIG. It is a model expanded sectional view of the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 11. FIG. It is a model expanded sectional view of the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 12. FIG. It is a model expanded sectional view of the floor tile which concerns on the reference example 13. FIG.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Base 12 ... Glaze layer 11b, 13, 14 , 15 ... Functional layer (11b ... 1st functional layer, 13 ... 2nd functional layer (high strength layer), 14 ... 3rd functional layer , 15 ... 4th functional layer (High-strength layer )
2. Pore particles (hollow particles)
2 3, 25 ... Protective layer

Claims (4)

A ceramic base and a glaze layer provided integrally with the base by melting the glaze on the surface side of the base;
The glaze layer is composed of innumerable pore particles having sealed pores inside, a matrix skeleton made of amorphous or crystalline glass that connects the pore particles, and the pores secured between the skeletons. A functional layer including non-sealed pores formed between the particles;
A warm building material provided with a protective layer provided integrally with the functional layer on the surface side of the functional layer and concealing the pores that are not hermetically sealed.   The warm building material according to claim 1, wherein the pore particles are hollow particles having pores in a non-water-absorbing spherical or substantially spherical shell.   The warm building material according to claim 2, wherein the protective layer does not contain the pore particles. The warm building material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the functional layer is integrally sandwiched between a back side and a surface side by a high-strength layer having higher strength than the functional layer. .