JP4523485B2 - Hydraulic shock absorber - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydraulic shock absorber that is suitable for being mounted on a suspension device of a vehicle such as an automobile.

  Generally, a cylindrical hydraulic shock absorber mounted on a suspension device of a vehicle such as an automobile has a piston in which a piston rod is connected in a cylinder in which oil is sealed, and is slidably fitted. Is provided with a damping force generating mechanism including an oil liquid passage, an orifice, a disk valve, and the like. Thereby, the flow of the oil liquid generated in the oil liquid passage by the sliding of the piston in the cylinder accompanying the stroke of the piston rod is controlled by the orifice and the disk valve to generate the damping force. In the low speed region of the piston speed, a damping force is generated by the orifice, and in the high speed region of the piston speed, the disk valve is bent and opened to prevent an excessive increase in the damping force. .

  However, in the conventional hydraulic shock absorber, the damping force in the low speed region of the piston speed depends on the flow area of the orifice, and the damping force in the high speed region depends on the valve opening pressure set in advance. Therefore, there is a problem that the degree of freedom in setting the damping force characteristic is low.

  Therefore, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a back pressure chamber, a valve (second disc valve) for controlling the pressure leading to the back pressure chamber, and the back pressure chamber are provided on the back side of the disc valve. A relief valve is provided for relieving the pressure when the pressure is reached. A part of the oil is introduced into the back pressure chamber through the orifice passage so that the pressure in the back pressure chamber acts on the disc valve in the valve closing direction, and the disc (second disc valve) and the relief valve Adjust the back pressure applied to the valve. That is, since the valve (second disk valve) is closed in the low speed region of the piston speed, a small damping force is applied, and when the piston speed increases, the valve (second disk valve) is opened and the damping force is large. If the piston speed further increases, a relief valve opens to generate a damping force that is smaller than the large damping force, and a hydraulic shock absorber that increases the degree of freedom in setting damping force characteristics has been proposed. .

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-278026

  However, in the conventional hydraulic shock absorber provided with the back pressure chamber, a valve (second disc valve) for controlling the pressure leading to the back pressure chamber is provided separately from the disk valve receiving the pressure of the back pressure chamber. Therefore, there is a problem that the structure of the damping force generation mechanism is complicated, the axial dimension becomes long, and the whole size increases.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and can increase the degree of freedom in setting damping force characteristics to obtain appropriate damping force characteristics, while simplifying the structure of the damping force generation mechanism. An object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic shock absorber that can be miniaturized.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, an invention according to claim 1 includes a cylinder in which oil is sealed, and a piston that is slidably fitted in the cylinder and defines the inside of the cylinder in two chambers. A piston rod having one end connected to the piston and the other end extending to the outside of the cylinder, a main valve that generates a damping force by controlling the flow of oil produced by sliding of the piston, and the main A back pressure chamber that applies an internal pressure in the valve closing direction, a back pressure chamber inlet oil passage that introduces a part of the flow of oil generated by sliding of the piston into the back pressure chamber, A relief valve that relieves the pressure to a downstream chamber of the two chambers when the pressure reaches a predetermined pressure, and increases the flow area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage by opening the main valve Specially equipped with a valve mechanism To.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the hydraulic shock absorber according to the first aspect, an elastic seal member defining the back pressure chamber is integrally fixed to the main valve at the outer peripheral portion on the back side of the main valve. It is characterized by being.

The hydraulic shock absorber according to a third aspect of the present invention is the hydraulic shock absorber according to the first or second aspect , wherein the valve mechanism moves from an outer peripheral end portion toward an inner peripheral end portion at a portion of the piston where the main valve contacts and separates. extending least also have one orifice, and introducing into the back pressure chamber of the hydraulic fluid through the orifice.

A hydraulic shock absorber according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the hydraulic shock absorber according to the first , second, or third aspect , wherein the valve mechanism is provided on an opening provided on the main valve and on an upstream side of the main valve, A notch disk provided with at least one notch communicating with the opening and extending in the radial direction, and a closing disk provided on the upstream side of the notch disk and closing a portion facing the opening of the notch, The main valve is separated from the notch disk when the valve is opened.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hydraulic shock absorber according to the first , second, third or fourth aspect , further comprising a downstream orifice for communicating the fluid in the back pressure chamber downstream, and closing the main valve. The flow passage area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage at the time of valve is smaller than the flow passage area of the downstream orifice.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the hydraulic shock absorber according to the second aspect of the present invention, the seat portion on which the main valve is seated is disposed radially outward from a seal surface that seals the back pressure chamber of the elastic seal member. It is characterized by that.

  In the hydraulic shock absorber according to the first aspect of the present invention, when the main valve is closed, the flow area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage is reduced (including zero) by the valve mechanism, so that the piston speed is low. In the region, the pressure in the back pressure chamber does not rise, so the back pressure to the main valve can be reduced to make the damping force sufficiently small, and as the piston speed increases and the main valve opens, The passage area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage increases, the pressure in the back pressure chamber increases, and the damping force generated by the main valve increases. By adjusting the pressure in the back pressure chamber in this way, it is possible to obtain a suitable damping force characteristic by increasing the degree of freedom in setting the damping force characteristic, and to simplify and downsize the structure of the damping force generation mechanism. .

In addition , since a relief valve is provided to relieve the pressure in the back pressure chamber, when the piston speed further increases and the pressure in the back pressure chamber reaches a predetermined pressure, the relief valve opens and the damping force of the main valve is excessively increased. Can be suppressed.

In the hydraulic shock absorber according to the second aspect of the present invention, the elastic seal member defining the back pressure chamber is integrally fixed to the main valve, so that the back pressure chamber is sealed between the elastic seal member and the main valve. And the assembly property of the damping force generation mechanism can be improved.

According to the hydraulic shock absorber according to the invention of claim 3 , the valve mechanism is provided only by providing at least one orifice extending from the outer peripheral end portion toward the inner peripheral end portion at the portion of the piston where the main valve contacts and separates. The orifice area when the valve is closed can be set, and variations in the orifice area can be suppressed and stable orifice characteristics can be obtained.

In the hydraulic shock absorber according to the invention of claim 4 , since the notch disk and the closing disk are laminated in this order on the upstream side of the main valve having the opening, the width and thickness of the notch of the notch disk and the number thereof are determined. The orifice area when the valve mechanism is closed can be set, and stable orifice characteristics can be obtained while suppressing variations in the orifice area.

According to the hydraulic shock absorber according to the invention of claim 5 , since the flow passage area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage is smaller than the flow passage area of the downstream orifice when the main valve is closed, the back pressure from the downstream orifice is reduced. Back pressure can be generated in the back pressure chamber during the reverse stroke in which pressure is guided to the chamber, so that even if the main valve receives the pressure during the reverse stroke in the valve opening direction, the valve will not open. .

According to the hydraulic shock absorber pertaining to the invention of claim 6 , the seat portion on which the main valve is seated is disposed radially outward from the sealing surface that seals the back pressure chamber of the elastic seal member. The valve does not open due to the pressure during the reverse stroke.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, a hydraulic shock absorber 1 according to this embodiment is a cylindrical hydraulic shock absorber that is mounted on a suspension device of a vehicle such as an automobile, and includes a cylinder 2 (one of side walls) in which oil is sealed. The piston 3 is slidably fitted in the inside of the cylinder 2, and the inside of the cylinder 2 is defined by the piston 3 as two chambers, a cylinder upper chamber 2 </ b> A and a cylinder lower chamber 2 </ b> B. One end of a piston rod 4 is connected to the piston 3 by a nut 5, and the other end side of the piston rod 4 is a rod guide (not shown) attached to the upper ends of the cylinder 2 and an outer cylinder (not shown). ) And an oil seal (not shown) and extended to the outside. The cylinder lower chamber 2B is connected to a reservoir (not shown) via a base valve (not shown) having an appropriate flow resistance, and oil and gas are sealed in the reservoir.

  The piston 3 is provided with an expansion side oil passage 6 and a contraction side oil passage 7 for communicating between the cylinder upper and lower chambers 2A, 2B. The end of the piston 3 on the cylinder lower chamber 2B side is provided with an extension-side damping force generation mechanism 8 that generates a damping force by controlling the flow of the oil liquid in the extension-side oil passage 6, and on the cylinder upper chamber 2A side. A compression-side damping force generation mechanism 9 that generates a damping force by controlling the fluid flow of the compression-side oil passage 7 is provided at the end.

  The extension side damping force generation mechanism 8 will be described. A substantially bottomed cylindrical valve member 10 is attached to the end of the piston 3 on the cylinder lower chamber 2B side. In the valve member 10, a cylindrical guide portion 11 erected on the inner peripheral side of the bottom portion thereof is fitted into the piston 3, and the piston rod 4 is inserted into the guide portion 11 and is fixed by a nut 5. On the end surface of the piston 3 on the cylinder lower chamber 2B side, annular seat portions 12 and 13 are projected on the inner peripheral side and the outer peripheral side, respectively, and the extension-side oil passage 6 is opened between the seat portions 12 and 13. Has been. A main disc valve 14 (main valve) is seated on the seat portions 12 and 13. The inner periphery of the main disc valve 14 is guided by the guide portion 11 of the valve member 10 so as to be movable along the axial direction, and can be seated on and away from the seat portions 12 and 13 without causing bending. . A back pressure chamber inlet oil passage (upstream orifice) 15 is formed between the inner periphery of the main disc valve 14 and the guide portion 11, and the back pressure chamber is formed by the main disc valve 14 and the seat portion 12. A valve mechanism for opening and closing the inlet oil passage 15 is configured. This valve mechanism increases the flow passage area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 15 by opening the main disk valve 14. Note that after the main disk valve 14 is opened by a certain amount or more, the flow area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 15 matches the opening area of the oil passage 15 and becomes constant.

  The valve member 10 includes a cylindrical outer ring portion erected on the outer peripheral side of the bottom portion, and a cylindrical elastic seal member 16 is fitted on the inner peripheral side of the outer ring portion, and is elastic. The seal member 16 presses the main disc valve 14 against the seat portions 12 and 13 via the seal ring 17. The elastic seal member 16 and the seal ring 17 form a back pressure chamber 18 on the back side of the main disc valve 14 in the valve member 10, and the internal pressure of the back pressure chamber 18 acts on the main disc valve 14 in the valve closing direction. It is supposed to be. When the main disc valve 14 is lifted from the seat portions 12 and 13 under the pressure of the extension side oil passage 6, the extension side oil passage 6 directly communicates with the cylinder lower chamber 2B and the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 15 It communicates with the back pressure chamber 18 via.

  An oil passage 19 is provided at the bottom of the valve member 10 to allow the back pressure chamber 18 to communicate with the cylinder lower chamber 2B. In the oil passage 19, oil in the back pressure chamber 18 that has reached a predetermined pressure is supplied to the cylinder lower chamber. A normally closed disk valve 20 (relief valve) that relieves to 2B is provided, and a downstream orifice 21 (notch) that always connects the back pressure chamber 18 to the cylinder lower chamber 2B is provided on the outer periphery of the disk valve 20. ing. The flow passage area between the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 15 and the downstream orifice 21 is larger when the main disk valve 14 is closed, and the former when the main disk valve 14 is opened. Is larger than the latter.

  Next, the contraction-side damping force generation mechanism 9 will be described. In the contraction-side damping force generation mechanism 9 as well, the valve member 22 is provided at the end of the piston 3 on the cylinder upper chamber 2A side, similarly to the expansion-side damping force generation mechanism 8. The guide portion 23 of the valve member 22 is fitted to the piston 3. A contraction-side oil passage 7 is opened between the seat portions 24 and 25 protruding from the end portion of the piston 3 on the cylinder upper chamber 2A side. A main disc valve 26 (main valve) guided by the guide portion 23 is seated on the seat portions 24 and 25, and a back pressure chamber inlet oil passage (in between the inner peripheral portion of the main disc valve 26 and the guide portion 23 ( An upstream orifice) 27 is formed. The main disc valve 26 and the seat portion 24 constitute a valve mechanism that opens and closes the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 27. This valve mechanism is configured to open the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 27 by opening the main disc valve 26. Increase the channel area. Note that after the main disk valve 26 is opened by a certain amount or more, the flow area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 27 coincides with the opening area of the oil passage 27 and becomes constant.

  An elastic seal member 28 is fitted to the valve member 22 and presses the main disk valve 26 against the seat portions 24 and 25 via a seal ring 29. A back pressure chamber 30 is formed on the back side of the main disc valve 26 in the valve member 22 by the elastic seal member 28 and the seal ring 29, and the internal pressure of the back pressure chamber 30 acts on the main disc valve 26 in the valve closing direction. It is supposed to be. When the main disc valve 26 is lifted from the seat portions 24 and 25 under the pressure of the compression side oil passage 7, the compression side oil passage 7 communicates directly with the cylinder upper chamber 2 </ b> A and the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 27. It communicates with the back pressure chamber 30 via.

  An oil passage 31 is provided at the bottom of the valve member 22 to connect the back pressure chamber 30 to the cylinder upper chamber 2A. In the oil passage 31, oil in the back pressure chamber 30 that has reached a predetermined pressure is supplied to the cylinder upper chamber. A normally closed disk valve 32 (relief valve) that relieves to 2A is provided, and a downstream orifice 33 (notch) that always connects the back pressure chamber 30 to the cylinder upper chamber 2A is provided on the outer periphery of the disk bubble 32. ing. The flow path area between the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 27 and the downstream orifice 33 is larger than the former when the main disc valve 26 is closed, and the former when the main disc valve 26 is opened. Is larger than the latter.

  The elastic seal members 16 and 28 are made of a soft elastic body such as rubber or synthetic resin, and the change amount of the elastic force with respect to the deformation amount is sufficiently small in the opening / closing stroke of the main disk valves 14 and 26. Further, the main disc valves 14 and 26 and the seal rings 17 and 29 may be integrally formed. Further, the main disc valves 14 and 26 integrally formed with the seal rings 17 and 29 are connected to the elastic seal members 16 and 26, respectively. 28 may be fixed. As a result, the sealing performance between the main disk valves 14 and 26 and the elastic seal members 16 and 28 can be improved, and the assembling property to the expansion side and contraction side damping force generation mechanisms 8 and 9 can be improved. it can.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described. First, during the expansion stroke of the piston rod 4, as the piston 3 in the cylinder 2 slides, the oil liquid on the cylinder upper chamber 2A side flows through the expansion side oil passage 6 of the piston 3 to the cylinder lower chamber 2B side, A damping force is generated by the extension side damping force generation mechanism 8. At this time, the amount of oil liquid that the piston rod 4 has withdrawn from the cylinder 2 flows from the reservoir to the cylinder lower chamber 2B through the base valve, and the gas in the reservoir expands to compensate for the volume change in the cylinder 2. .

  In the extension side damping force generation mechanism 8, the main disc valve 14 is opened by receiving the pressure of the oil in the extension side oil passage 6, and a damping force is generated according to the opening degree. At this time, in the extremely low speed region of the piston speed (the initial stroke region of the piston rod 4), the inner peripheral portion of the main disc valve 14 is seated on the seat portion 12, and the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 15 is closed. Therefore, since the internal pressure of the back pressure chamber 18 does not increase, the initial valve opening pressure of the main disk valve 14 is lowered, and a sufficiently small damping force is generated.

  Since the main disc valve 14 is lifted simultaneously from the outer peripheral seat portion 13 and the inner peripheral seat portion 12 without causing deflection when the valve is opened, the valve mechanism is opened by opening the main disc valve 14. The flow passage area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 15 increases, and the internal pressure of the back pressure chamber 18 increases due to the flow passage area difference between the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 15 and the downstream-side orifice 21 on the outlet side. As a result, as the piston speed increases, the valve opening pressure of the main disk valve 14 increases and the damping force increases. When the pressure in the back pressure chamber 18 reaches a predetermined pressure, the disc valve 20 opens to relieve the pressure in the back pressure chamber 18 to the cylinder lower chamber 2B side, that is, the valve opening pressure of the main disc valve 14, that is, Prevent excessive increase in damping force on the stretch side.

  During the contraction stroke of the piston rod 4 described later, the pressure on the cylinder lower chamber 2B side is introduced into the back pressure chamber 18 via the downstream orifice 21, and the flow passage area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 15 is as described above. Since the flow path area of the downstream orifice 21 is larger, the internal pressure of the back pressure chamber 18 becomes higher, and the main disc valve 14 is maintained in a closed state by the pressure.

  During the contraction stroke of the piston rod 4, as the piston 3 slides in the cylinder 2, the oil in the cylinder lower chamber 2 </ b> B flows into the cylinder upper chamber 2 </ b> A through the contraction-side oil passage 7 of the piston 3. A damping force is generated by the generation mechanism 9, and at this time, the oil liquid that has entered the cylinder 2 through the piston rod 4 flows into the reservoir via the base valve, and compresses the gas in the reservoir 2. Compensates for volume changes.

  In the contraction side damping force generation mechanism 9, as in the case of the extension side damping force generation mechanism 8, the main disk valve 26 opens by receiving the pressure of the oil liquid in the contraction side oil passage 7, and according to the opening degree. To generate damping force. At this time, in the extremely low speed region of the piston speed (the initial stroke region of the piston rod 4), the inner peripheral portion of the main disc valve 26 is seated on the seat portion 24, and the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 27 is closed. Therefore, since the internal pressure of the back pressure chamber 30 does not increase, the initial valve opening pressure of the main disk valve 26 is lowered, and a sufficiently small damping force is generated.

  Since the main disc valve 26 is lifted simultaneously from the outer peripheral seat portion 25 and the inner peripheral seat portion 24 without causing deflection when the valve is opened, the valve mechanism is opened by opening the main disc valve 26. Thus, the flow passage area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 27 increases, and the internal pressure of the back pressure chamber 30 increases due to the flow passage area difference between the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 27 and the outlet-side downstream orifice 33. As a result, as the piston speed increases, the valve opening pressure of the main disk valve 26 increases and the damping force increases. When the pressure in the back pressure chamber 30 reaches a predetermined pressure, the disc valve 32 opens to relieve the pressure in the back pressure chamber 30 to the cylinder upper chamber 2A side, that is, the valve opening pressure of the main disc valve 26, that is, Prevents excessive increase in damping force on the shrink side.

  During the extension stroke of the piston rod 4 described above, the pressure on the cylinder upper chamber 2A side is introduced into the back pressure chamber 30 via the downstream orifice 33, and the flow area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 27 is as described above. Since it is larger than the flow path area of the downstream orifice 33, the internal pressure of the back pressure chamber 30 becomes high, and the main disc valve 26 is maintained in a closed state by the pressure.

  In this way, the damping force characteristic is set by adjusting the pressure of the back pressure chambers 18 and 30 by increasing the flow passage areas of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passages 15 and 27 by opening the main disk valves 14 and 26. Thus, it is possible to obtain an appropriate damping force and to simplify and reduce the structure of the expansion side and contraction side damping force generation mechanisms 8 and 9.

  At this time, the main disk valves 14 and 26 do not bend when the valve is opened, so that the valve opening pressure is not dependent on the flexibility of the main disk valves 14 and 26 but the pressure of the back pressure chambers 18 and 30 and the elastic seal. It is determined by the elastic force of the members 16 and 28. Therefore, by controlling the pressure of the back pressure chambers 18 and 30 by setting the disk valves 20 and 32 on the downstream side of the back pressure chambers 18 and 30 and the downstream orifices 21 and 33, the main disk valves 14 and 26 can be easily controlled. The valve opening characteristic can be adjusted.

  Further, the damping force does not depend on the deflection of the main disc valves 14 and 26, and the elastic seal members 16 and 28 have a sufficient amount of change in the elastic force with respect to the deformation amount in the opening / closing stroke of the main disc valves 14 and 26. Therefore, even if the opening degree of the main disk valves 14 and 26 increases, the resistance force against the valve opening does not increase excessively, and the damping force does not increase excessively.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same part with respect to the said 1st Embodiment, and only a different part is demonstrated in detail.

In the hydraulic shock absorber 34 according to the second embodiment, the guide portions 11 and 23 are separate from the valve members 10 and 22, and the back pressure chamber inlet oil passages 15 and 27 are formed by the guide portions 11 and 23. .
Further, the seal rings 17 and 29 and the elastic seal members 16 and 28 are omitted. Instead, the oil seals 35 and 36 are fixed to the outer peripheral portions on the back side of the main disk valves 14 and 26, and the oil seals 35 and 36 are the valve members. The back pressure chambers 18 and 30 are formed so as to be slidably fitted to the cylindrical portion. Coil springs 37 and 38 that press the main disk valves 14 and 26 against the seat portions 12 and 13 and the seat portions 24 and 25 are provided inside the back pressure chambers 18 and 30.

  With this configuration, the same functions and effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Furthermore, by fixing the main disc valves 14 and 26 and the oil seals 35 and 36, the sealing performance between them can be improved, and the sealing performance of the back pressure chambers 18 and 30 can be improved. Assembling property to the expansion side and contraction side damping force generation mechanisms 8 and 9 can be improved.

  Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same part with respect to the said 1st Embodiment, and only a different part is demonstrated in detail.

  In the hydraulic shock absorber 39 according to this embodiment, the guide portions 11 and 23 are integrated with the valve members 10 and 22 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. However, the seal rings 17 and 29 and the elastic seal members 16 and 28 are omitted. Instead, the oil seals 35 and 36 are fixed to the outer peripheral portions on the back side of the main disk valves 14 and 26, and the oil seals 35 and 36 are valve members. The back pressure chambers 18 and 30 are formed so as to be slidably fitted to the cylindrical portion. Also, at least one orifice 40, 41 (notch) extending from the outer peripheral end portion toward the inner peripheral end portion is provided in the inner peripheral seat portions 12, 24 to which the main disc valves 14, 26 are contacted and separated, The back pressure chambers 18 and 30 are always in communication with the expansion side and contraction side oil passages 6 and 7 by the orifices 40 and 41. The flow passage areas of the orifices 40 and 41 are sufficiently smaller than the flow passage areas of the downstream orifices 21 and 33 of the back pressure chambers 18 and 30, respectively, preferably about 1/3 or less.

  By configuring in this way, the same operation and effect as the first embodiment can be obtained. Further, the orifices 40 and 41 introduce the pressures of the expansion side and the contraction side oil passages 6 and 7 slightly into the back pressure chambers 18 and 30 in the extremely low speed region of the piston speed (the initial stroke region of the piston rod 4). Thus, the damping force in the extremely low speed region of the piston speed can be adjusted. As a result, variation in the orifice area communicating with the back pressure chambers 18 and 30 when the main disk valves 14 and 26 are closed can be suppressed, and stable orifice characteristics can be obtained in the extremely low speed range of the piston speed. At this time, if the flow passage areas of the orifices 40 and 41 are too large, the contraction-side main disk valve 26 is easily lifted during the expansion stroke, and the expansion-side main disk valve 14 is easily lifted during the contraction stroke. Care must be taken because the damping force cannot be obtained.

  Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same part with respect to the said 3rd Embodiment, and only a different part is demonstrated in detail.

  In the hydraulic shock absorber 42 according to the present embodiment, the main disk valves 14 and 26 have flexibility, and the inner peripheral portion is clamped between the valve member 10 and the piston 3, and the valve is opened by the bending. It is supposed to be. The notch disks 43 and 44 shown in FIG. 6 and the closing disks 45 and 46 shown in FIG. 5 are laminated in this order on the expansion side and the contraction side oil passages 6 and 7 (upstream side) of the main disk valves 14 and 26. ing. As shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8, the main disc valves 14 and 26 are provided with arc-shaped openings 47 and 48 extending along the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral side. The notch discs 43 and 44 are provided with at least one notch 49 and 50 having a substantially T shape including a circumferential opening and a radial opening extending from the opening to the outer periphery. The portions of the cutout discs 43 and 44 facing the openings 47 and 48 of the main disc valves 14 and 26 of the cutouts 49 and 50 are closed by the closure discs 45 and 46 (in the illustrated case, the closure disc 45 and 46 covers the entire opening of the notches 49, 50 on the end faces of the notch disks 43, 44).

  Back pressure chamber inlet oil passage (notch 49, 50 in the notch discs 43, 44 and openings 47, 48 in the main disc valves 14, 26) allows the expansion side and contraction side passages 6, 7 to communicate with the back pressure chambers 18, 30 ( An upstream orifice) is formed. In addition, the openings 47 and 48 of the main disk valves 14 and 26, the notch disks 43 and 44, and the closing disks 45 and 46 constitute a valve mechanism that adjusts the flow area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage. When the main disk valves 14 and 26 are bent and opened (lifted from the seat portions 13 and 25), the main disk valves 14 and 26 are simultaneously separated from the notch disks 43 and 44, and the flow paths of the notches 49 and 50 are obtained. Increases area. A spring member 51 as shown in FIG. 9 is provided between the back side of the main disc valves 14 and 26 and the valve member 10 so as to press the main disc valves 14 and 26 against the seat portions 13 and 25. May be.

  With this configuration, the same functions and effects as those of the third embodiment can be achieved. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage (upstream side orifice) for controlling the minute flow rate is formed by the T-shaped cutouts 49, 50 of the cutout disks 43, 44, so that the width of the cutouts 49, 50, Depending on the thickness and number, the flow area when the main disk valves 14 and 26 are closed can be easily set, and the dimensional accuracy can be easily managed, so that a stable damping force with little variation can be obtained. it can.

  In the fourth embodiment, the notch disks 43 and 44 are integrated with the main disk valves 14 and 26, and the notch disks 43 and 44 are separated from the closing disks 45 and 46 by opening the main disk valves 14 and 26. Thus, the flow area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage may be increased.

  Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same part with respect to the said 4th Embodiment, and only a different part is demonstrated in detail.

  In the fourth embodiment, for example, during the contraction process, the pressure on the cylinder lower chamber 2B side acts on the portion of the main disc valve 14 that protrudes radially outward from the outer periphery of the seat portion 13 and the oil seal 35. A force acts to open the main disc valve 14 that should be closed in the contraction stroke. In order to prevent the valve opening due to this force, by providing the downstream orifice 21, in the contraction stroke, pressure is introduced into the back pressure chamber 18 via the downstream orifice 21, and the main disk valve is driven by the internal pressure of the back pressure chamber 18. 14 is closed. For this reason, the downstream orifice 21 is required, and the passage area is also restricted.

  In the fifth embodiment, the downstream orifice 21 can be eliminated or the area can be reduced. Therefore, the inner peripheral surfaces 10A and 22A on which the oil seals 35 and 36 of the valve members 10 and 22 slide on the outer peripheral portions of the seat portions 113 and 125 provided on the piston 3 of the hydraulic shock absorber 100 (the seal surface of the present invention). ), And the outermost periphery of the main disk valves 114 and 126 is extended in the radial direction to provide pressure receiving portions 114A and 126A.

  With this configuration, the force acting in the valve closing direction is larger than the force acting in the valve opening direction acting on the main disk valve 114 due to the pressure of the cylinder lower chamber 2B in the contraction stroke (due to the pressure receiving area difference), and the disk valves 120 and 132 are Even if the downstream orifice 21 of the fourth embodiment is not provided, the main disk valve 114 does not open.

  Similarly, in the extension stroke, the force acting in the valve closing direction becomes larger than the force acting in the valve opening direction acting on the main disk valve 126 due to the pressure in the cylinder upper chamber 2A (due to the pressure receiving area difference), and the downstream orifice of the fourth embodiment. Even if 33 is abolished, the main disc valve 126 does not open.

  With this configuration, the same operations and effects as those of the fourth embodiment can be achieved. Furthermore, in this embodiment, even if the downstream orifice is abolished or the area is reduced, the main valve does not open in the reverse stroke that should be originally closed.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the principal part of the hydraulic shock absorber according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the principal part of the hydraulic shock absorber which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the principal part of the hydraulic shock absorber which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the principal part of the hydraulic shock absorber concerning 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the obstruction | occlusion disc laminated | stacked on the main disc valve | bulb of the hydraulic shock absorber shown in FIG. It is a top view of the notch disk laminated | stacked on the main disk valve | bulb of the hydraulic shock absorber shown in FIG. It is a top view of the main disc valve of the hydraulic shock absorber shown in FIG. It is a top view of the modification of the main disc valve of the hydraulic shock absorber shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a plan view of a spring member that presses a main disk valve of the hydraulic shock absorber shown in FIG. 4 against a seat portion. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the principal part of the hydraulic shock absorber concerning 5th Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Hydraulic shock absorber 2 Cylinder 3 Piston 4 Piston rod 12, 24 Seat (valve mechanism)
14, 26 Main disc valve (main valve, valve mechanism)
15, 27 Back pressure chamber inlet oil passage 18, 30 Back pressure chamber 21, 33 Downstream orifice,

Claims (6)

An oil-sealed cylinder, a piston slidably fitted in the cylinder and defining the inside of the cylinder in two chambers , one end connected to the piston and the other end extending to the outside of the cylinder. A discharged piston rod, a main valve that generates a damping force by controlling a flow of oil generated by sliding of the piston, a back pressure chamber that applies an internal pressure in a valve closing direction of the main valve, and the piston A back pressure chamber inlet oil passage for introducing a part of the flow of the oil generated by sliding of the back pressure chamber into the back pressure chamber, and when the pressure in the back pressure chamber reaches a predetermined pressure, the pressure is reduced downstream of the two chambers. With a relief valve that relieves the side chamber ,
A hydraulic shock absorber provided with a valve mechanism for increasing a flow path area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage by opening the main valve.   2. The hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein an elastic seal member that defines the back pressure chamber is integrally fixed to the main valve at an outer peripheral portion on a rear side of the main valve.   The valve mechanism has at least one orifice extending from an outer peripheral end portion toward an inner peripheral end portion at a portion of the piston where the main valve is in contact with and away from, and through the orifice, oil is supplied to the back pressure chamber. The hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydraulic shock absorber is introduced.   The valve mechanism includes an opening provided in the main valve, a notch disk provided on the upstream side of the main valve, provided with at least one notch communicating with the opening and extending in the radial direction, 2. A notch disk, which is provided upstream of a notch disk and closes a portion facing the opening of the notch, wherein the main valve is separated from the notch disk when the valve is opened. The hydraulic shock absorber according to 2 or 3.   A downstream orifice that communicates the oil in the back pressure chamber downstream is provided, and the flow area of the back pressure chamber inlet oil passage when the main valve is closed is smaller than the flow passage area of the downstream orifice. The hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4.   3. The hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 2, wherein a seat portion on which the main valve is seated is disposed on a radially outer side of a sealing surface that seals the back pressure chamber of the elastic seal member.

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