JP4513794B2 - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.

The conventional transflective liquid crystal device has a problem that the viewing angle in transmissive display is narrow. This is because a transflective plate is provided on the inner surface of the liquid crystal cell so that parallax does not occur, and there is a limitation that reflection display must be performed with only one polarizing plate provided on the viewer side. This is because the degree of freedom in design is small. In order to solve this problem, Jisaki et al. Proposed a new liquid crystal display device using vertically aligned liquid crystal in Non-Patent Document 1 below. The characteristics are the following three.
(1) A “VA (Vertical Alignment) mode” is adopted in which a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is aligned perpendicularly to a substrate, and the liquid crystal is tilted by applying a voltage.
(2) A “multi-gap structure” is adopted in which the liquid crystal layer thickness (cell gap) is different between the transmissive display area and the reflective display area.
(3) The transmissive display area is a regular octagon, and a protrusion is provided at the center of the transmissive display area on the counter substrate so that the liquid crystal is tilted in all directions in this area. In other words, it employs an “alignment division (multi-domain) structure”.
In the above-mentioned document, protrusions are used as alignment control means for controlling the direction in which the liquid crystal falls, but in addition, the electric field is distorted by providing a slit in the electrode, and the direction in which the liquid crystal falls is controlled by this electric field distortion. It is also known to do.

Further, transmissive liquid crystal devices that employ a vertical alignment mode are also known. Specifically, for example, one pixel is divided into a plurality of sub-pixels, and a convex portion is provided on the counter substrate located at the center of each sub-pixel to make one pixel multi-domain, thereby realizing a wide viewing angle. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). Its characteristics are as follows.
(1) One pixel is divided into a plurality of subpixels.
(2) A point in which the shape of the sub-pixel is rotationally symmetric (for example, a substantially circular shape, a substantially rectangular shape, or a substantially star shape).
(3) In addition to the shape of (2), by providing a convex portion at the center of the opening or the center of the subpixel, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned radially from the center to improve the alignment regulating force.
(4) The addition of a chiral agent defines the direction in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted, and prevents rough uneven spots due to poor alignment.
JP 2002-202511 A "Development of transflective LCD for high contrast and wide viewing angle by using homeotropic alignment", M. Jisaki et al., Asia Display / IDW'01, p.133-136 (2001)

  According to the technology described in the above prior art document, a wide field of view can be obtained by adopting the above configuration (slits arranged vertically, oblique electric field due to protrusion, or orientation control by pretilt from protrusion shape). Although a corner display can be realized, these configurations have the following problems in principle. That is, since the alignment control means such as slits and protrusions are provided on both the upper and lower substrates, the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules around the alignment control means is different from other regions, and light leakage occurs when voltage is applied. There is a problem that the contrast is lowered. Further, when the protrusion is provided as the orientation control means, the larger the protrusion height, the better the orientation controllability at the time of voltage application and the response speed is improved, but the light leakage is remarkably increased.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and prevents liquid crystal display deterioration caused by alignment control of vertically aligned liquid crystal, thereby realizing a high image quality display with a wide viewing angle and high contrast. The object is to provide a device.

In order to solve the above problems, a liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, Electrodes for driving the liquid crystal are formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the pair of substrates, respectively, and at least one of the electrodes on the liquid crystal layer side of the substrate is provided with alignment control means for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal. One of the pair of substrates is an element substrate including a switching element connected to the electrode through a contact hole and a signal wiring connected to the switching element, and the contact hole The alignment control means includes a light-shielding means that is arranged in a plane and overlapped with the contact hole and the alignment control means in a plane. That.
According to this configuration, since the light shielding unit is provided at a position overlapping the alignment control unit in a plan view, leakage light caused by the oblique alignment of the liquid crystal molecules by the alignment control unit is caused to the user of the liquid crystal display device. It can be prevented from being observed. Accordingly, it is possible to effectively prevent a decrease in contrast due to the leaked light, and to obtain a display with a wide viewing angle and high contrast.

  In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, it is preferable that the alignment control means and the light shielding means are provided on the same substrate. With such a configuration, the alignment control unit and the light shielding unit can be aligned with high accuracy, and leakage light caused by the alignment control unit can be more effectively blocked. Also, the planar dimension of the light shielding means is formed slightly larger than the orientation control means in consideration of the alignment accuracy with respect to the orientation control means. The aperture ratio of the pixel can be improved. Thereby, a bright display can be obtained.

In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, any one of the pair of substrates is an element substrate including a switching element connected to the electrode and a signal wiring connected to the switching element, and the light shielding unit includes: While being provided on the element substrate, the switching element or the signal wiring may be formed of the same material.
With such a configuration, the light shielding means can be formed at the same time in the process of forming the switching element, so that the display contrast can be improved without increasing the process load as compared with the conventional case.

In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, one of the pair of substrates includes the light shielding unit and a color filter formed by arranging a plurality of colored portions, and the light shielding unit partitions the colored portion. It can also be set as the structure currently formed with the same material as the light-shielding member.
With such a configuration, the light shielding unit can be formed in the same process as the light shielding member included in the color filter. Therefore, even in the configuration including the color filter, high contrast can be achieved without increasing the process load. A liquid crystal display device capable of obtaining a color display can be realized.

In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a transmissive display region for performing transmissive display and a reflective display region for performing reflective display are provided in one dot region, and the liquid crystal layer thickness in both regions is provided in the dot region. The liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer may be different from each other.
That is, the present invention can also be applied to a multi-gap transflective liquid crystal display device. According to this configuration, in addition to providing good display in both reflective display and transmissive display by the multi-gap method, it is possible to effectively prevent a decrease in contrast due to leaked light by the light shielding means. A liquid crystal display device capable of reflecting and transmitting corners can be provided.

In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the alignment control means may be a dielectric protrusion formed on the electrode or an electrode opening formed by partially cutting the electrode.
In particular, when the alignment control means is a dielectric protrusion, the dielectric protrusion-like liquid crystal molecules are aligned obliquely with respect to the substrate surface even during black display, so that the contrast is likely to decrease due to leakage light. Since the leakage light is effectively blocked by the means, a display with good contrast can be obtained.

In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the electrode facing the alignment control means via the liquid crystal layer has a substantially circular shape, a substantially elliptical shape, or a substantially polygonal shape in a plan view in one dot region of the liquid crystal display device. It may have a part.
With such a configuration, due to the distortion of the electric field at the edge of each shape portion, a substantially radial liquid crystal domain can be formed in each portion when a voltage is applied, and a high contrast display can be obtained in all directions. A liquid crystal display device can be provided.

In such a configuration, it is preferable that the orientation control means is disposed in the central portion of the substantially circular, substantially elliptical, or substantially polygonal portion in plan view.
With such a configuration, a liquid crystal domain in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned substantially radially from the central portion of each shape portion can be formed in the dot region, and spot-like unevenness due to poor alignment of vertically aligned liquid crystal occurs. Can be effectively prevented, and a liquid crystal display device capable of obtaining a high-contrast display in a wide viewing angle range can be provided.

Next, a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer having an initial alignment of vertical alignment is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and an electrode is formed on one of the substrates. An element forming step of forming a switching element connected to the electrode and a signal wiring connected to the switching element, a step of forming at least an electrode on the other substrate, and any of the pair of substrates Providing an alignment control means for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal on the electrode, and in the element formation step, the pair of substrates are arranged so as to be opposed to each other in a plane. The light shielding means is formed together with the switching element or the constituent member of the signal wiring.
According to this manufacturing method, since the light shielding unit is formed together with the constituent members of the switching element in the step of forming the switching element, a high-contrast liquid crystal display device can be manufactured without increasing the load of the process.

Next, a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer having an initial alignment of vertical alignment is sandwiched between a pair of substrates. A color filter forming step of forming a color filter having a plurality of colored portions partitioned in plan by a member, a step of forming an electrode on the color filter, and a step of forming at least an electrode on the other substrate And providing an alignment control means for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal on one of the electrodes of the pair of substrates, and in the color filter forming step, the pair of substrates are arranged facing each other. The light-shielding means, which is arranged in a plane overlapping with the orientation control means, is formed together with the light-shielding member.
According to this manufacturing method, since the light shielding means is formed together with the light shielding member constituting the color filter in the color filter forming step, a high-contrast color liquid crystal display device can be produced without increasing the load of the process. it can.

Next, an electronic apparatus according to the present invention includes the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention described above.
According to this configuration, it is possible to provide an electronic apparatus including a display unit that has no display defect, has high image quality, and can display a wide viewing angle.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Each drawing referred to below is displayed with different scales as appropriate in order to make each layer and each member recognizable on the drawing.

(First embodiment)
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is an example of an active matrix liquid crystal display device using a thin film diode (hereinafter abbreviated as TFD) as a switching element, and is particularly a transmissive type capable of transmissive display. It is an example of a liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 1 shows an equivalent circuit for the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment. The liquid crystal display device 100 includes a scanning line driving circuit 110 and a data line driving circuit 120. The liquid crystal display device 100 is provided with signal lines, that is, a plurality of scanning lines 13 and a plurality of data lines 9 intersecting with the scanning lines 13. The scanning lines 13 are driven by a scanning line driving circuit 110, and the data lines 9 Are driven by the data line driving circuit 120. In each dot region 150 provided corresponding to the intersection of the scanning line 13 and the data line 9, the TFD element 40 and the liquid crystal display element 160 (liquid crystal layer) are provided between the scanning line 13 and the data line 9. Connected in series.
In FIG. 1, the TFD element 40 is connected to the scanning line 13 side and the liquid crystal display element 160 is connected to the data line 9 side. On the contrary, the TFD element 40 is connected to the data line 9 side and the liquid crystal display element 160 is connected to the data line 9 side. The display element 160 may be connected to the scanning line 13 side.

Next, FIG. 2 is a plan configuration diagram showing an electrode structure of the liquid crystal display device 100. As shown in FIG. 2, in the liquid crystal display device 100, the pixel electrodes 31 connected to the scanning lines 13 extending in the vertical direction in the figure via the TFD elements 40 are arranged in a matrix in a plan view, and are arranged in one direction (illustrated). A strip-shaped counter electrode 9 (second electrode) is provided so as to planarly overlap a group of pixel electrodes 31 arranged in the left-right direction), and these counter electrodes 9 are arranged in a stripe shape in plan view. .
The counter electrode 9 corresponds to the data line described above and extends in a direction intersecting the scanning line 13. In this embodiment, each area where each pixel electrode 31 is formed is one dot area, and each dot area arranged in a matrix is provided with a TFD element 40, and display control is possible for each dot area. It has a simple structure.

  In FIG. 2, each pixel electrode is illustrated in a substantially rectangular shape, but actually has three island-shaped portions and a connecting portion for connecting them as will be described later. Here, the TFD element 40 is a switching element that electrically connects the scanning line 13 and the pixel electrode 31, and the TFD element 40 includes a first electrode mainly containing tantalum and a tantalum oxide as a main ingredient. And an MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) structure in which a second electrode mainly composed of chromium is sequentially laminated. The first electrode of the TFD element 40 is connected to the scanning line 13 and the second electrode is connected to the pixel electrode 31.

Next, the pixel configuration of the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a one-dot region of the liquid crystal display device 100. The liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment includes a pair of substrates facing each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, and FIG. 3A shows a planar configuration of one substrate (upper substrate 25) constituting the dot region. FIGS. 2B and 2B are cross-sectional configuration diagrams corresponding to positions along line AA ′ in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 2C is a plan configuration diagram of the other substrate (lower substrate 10).
Although the color filter is not shown in the dot region D shown in FIG. 3, when the color filter is provided, three primary colors (R, G, B) corresponding to one dot region D are used. One pixel area in which one colored portion of different colors is provided and red light, green light, and blue light can be mixed and output by three dot regions D corresponding to a set (RGB) of colored portions The structure which forms can be adopted.

In the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3B, the initial alignment state is a vertical alignment state between the lower substrate 10 and the upper substrate 25 (element substrate) disposed opposite thereto. A liquid crystal layer 50 made of a liquid crystal material having negative dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched.
As shown in FIG. 3A, the upper substrate 25 includes the scanning lines 13, pixel electrodes 31 arranged along the extending direction of the scanning lines 13 (the horizontal direction in the figure), the scanning lines 13 and the pixel electrodes 31. And a plurality of substantially circular light shielding portions (light shielding means) 33a to 33c arranged at predetermined intervals in the formation region of the pixel electrode 31. Yes.

  Although not shown, the TFD element 40 is provided at the intersection of the wiring portion 13a and the signal line 13 shown in FIG. That is, in the present embodiment, the scanning line 13 can be formed of, for example, tantalum, and a tantalum oxide insulating film can be formed on the surface thereof, and the hook-shaped wiring portion 13a is formed of, for example, chromium. At the same time, the TFD element 40 can be formed at the intersection if the scanning line 13 is arranged through the insulating film.

  Looking at the cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 3B, the wiring portion 13a and the light shielding portions 33a to 33c are formed on a light-transmitting substrate body 10A such as glass or quartz. An interlayer insulating film 71 made of a resin material is formed. A pixel electrode 31 made of, for example, ITO (indium tin oxide) is formed on the interlayer insulating film 71, and the light shielding portion 33c (that is, the TFD element 40) is passed through a contact hole that passes through the interlayer insulating film 71 and reaches the light shielding portion 33c. ) And the pixel electrode 31 are electrically connected. Although not shown in the drawing, a vertical alignment film made of a polyimide film or the like is provided on the pixel electrode 31 and has a function of maintaining the initial alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 50 in the vertical alignment. This alignment film is not subjected to an alignment process such as a rubbing process.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the pixel electrode 31 includes three island-shaped portions 31a, 31b, 31c arranged along the scanning line 13 and connecting portions 39, 39 that connect adjacent island-shaped portions. It consists of. In the present embodiment, by providing a plurality of island-shaped portions in one dot region D in this way, liquid crystal domains having substantially the same shape are formed in regions corresponding to the island-shaped portions 31a, 31b, and 31c. It has become. That is, it has a configuration including three sub-dot regions S1, S2, and S3 divided and formed in one dot region.

  Normally, in a liquid crystal display device having a three-color filter, the aspect ratio of one dot area is about 3: 1. Therefore, as in this embodiment, three sub-dot areas S1, With the configuration in which S2 and S3 are provided, the shape of one subdot region can be a substantially circular shape or a substantially regular polygonal shape, and the symmetry of the viewing angle can be improved. The shape of the sub-dot regions S1, S2, S3 (island portions 31a, 31b, 31c) is a substantially square shape with rounded corners in FIG. 3, but is not limited to this, for example, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, Other polygonal shapes can be used. In other words, it can be said that the island portions 31a to 31c are formed as a result of providing an electrode slit in which the pixel electrode is cut out at the peripheral portion of the dot region D.

The wiring portion 13a extending in a bowl shape from the scanning line 13 to the pixel electrode 31 side extends to the central portion of the island-shaped portion 31c, and is expanded in a circular shape at the portion to constitute a light shielding portion 33c. The pixel electrode 31 is electrically connected through a contact hole 72 provided through the interlayer insulating film 71.
Further, the other light shielding portions 33a and 33b shown in FIG. 3A are arranged at the center of the sub-dot region S1 (island portion 31a) and at the center of the sub-dot region S2 (island portion 31b), respectively. ing. The light shielding portions 33a and 33b are formed using the same material in the same layer as the wiring portion 13a.

  On the other hand, the lower substrate 10 is mainly composed of a substrate body 10A made of a translucent material such as quartz or glass, and the inner surface side (the liquid crystal layer 50 side) of the substrate body 10A is made of a translucent conductive material such as ITO. A counter electrode 9 is formed. On the counter electrode 9, dielectric protrusions 73, 74, 75 made of an insulating resin material or the like project. Although not shown, a vertical alignment film such as polyimide is formed so as to cover the counter electrode 9 and the dielectric protrusions 73 to 75. Note that the counter electrode 9 shown in FIG. 3C is actually formed in a stripe shape extending in the vertical direction on the paper surface, and (a) an electrode common to a plurality of dot regions arranged in the vertical direction in FIG. Function as.

  The dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 constitute alignment control means for controlling the alignment direction when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 50 in the vertical alignment mode, and are arranged on the counter electrode 9 at predetermined intervals. When the panel is viewed in plan, the light shielding portions 33a to 33c formed on the upper substrate 25 are arranged at positions overlapping with each other in plan view.

  On the outer surface side of the lower substrate 10 (on the side opposite to the liquid crystal layer 50), a retardation plate 18 and a polarizing plate 19 are disposed in order from the substrate body 10A side, and on the outer surface side of the upper substrate 25, a retardation plate. 16 and the polarizing plate 17 are arranged in this order from the substrate body 25A side. Further, a backlight (illuminating means) 15 serving as a light source for transmissive display is provided outside the lower substrate 10.

In the liquid crystal display device 100 according to the present embodiment, dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 serving as orientation control means are provided on the inner surface of the lower substrate 10 corresponding to the center of each of the sub-dot regions S1, S2, S3. The liquid crystal molecules are inclined and aligned on the surfaces of the protrusions 73 to 75 (orientated perpendicularly to the surface of the dielectric protrusion). Accordingly, in the sub dot regions S1 to S3, when the voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned radially around the dielectric protrusion. Further, on the upper substrate 25 side, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction orthogonal to the side edges due to the distortion of the electric field at the side edges of the island-shaped portions 31a to 31c. And by these alignment control force, a liquid crystal molecule can be orientated substantially radially from the center part of each subdot area | region S1-S3, and a high contrast display can be obtained now in all directions.
In the vicinity of the dielectric protrusions 73 to 75, an electric field distortion due to the difference in dielectric constant between the liquid crystal and the dielectric protrusion occurs when a voltage is applied, and the dielectric is also affected by the alignment regulating force due to the distortion of the electric field. Liquid crystal molecules are aligned radially around the protrusion.

  And in this embodiment, the light-shielding part 33a-33c is provided in the position which planarly overlaps with the said dielectric protrusion 73-75, The light leakage in the center part of each island-shaped part 31a-31c can be prevented, This realizes further improvement in contrast. That is, on the surfaces of the dielectric protrusions 73 to 75, since the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in an oblique direction with respect to the substrate surface, the polarization state of the transmitted light deviates from other regions, and light leakage occurs. Can be blocked by the light shielding portions 33a to 33c.

Particularly in the case of the present embodiment, since the light shielding portions 33a to 33c can be formed in the same process as the wiring portion 13a extending from the TFD element 40, the display contrast is improved without complicating the manufacturing process and increasing the number of steps. Can be made. Further, since the contrast is not affected even if the height of the dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 is increased, the response of the liquid crystal can be improved by increasing the height of the dielectric protrusion.
Further, as described above, the light shielding portions 33a to 33c are made of chrome like the wiring portion 13a, so that external light is incident on the light shielding portions 33a to 33c from the substrate body 25A side. Even if it exists, since the said chromium film | membrane is a metal film of low reflectivity, the visibility of a liquid crystal display device is not reduced.

<Modification of First Embodiment>
In the above embodiment, the case where a transmissive liquid crystal display device is configured as the liquid crystal display device 100 has been described. However, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention may be a transflective type as shown in FIG. It can also be configured as a reflective liquid crystal display device.

[Transflective liquid crystal display]
First, an embodiment of a transflective liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to FIG. 4. Among the components shown in FIG. 4, the same components as those of the liquid crystal display device 100 of FIGS. Are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. 4A to 4C are drawings corresponding to FIGS. 3A to 3C in the previous embodiment, respectively.

  A liquid crystal display device 100A shown in FIG. 4 includes an upper substrate 25 and a lower substrate 10 that are opposed to each other with a liquid crystal layer 50 interposed therebetween, and a backlight 15 is disposed on the outer surface side of the lower substrate 10. ing. The configuration of the upper substrate 25 is the same as that of the previous liquid crystal display device 100, but the configuration of the lower substrate 10 is partially different. That is, a reflective layer 77 made of a light-reflective metal film such as aluminum or silver and a liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer 76 made of a resin material such as acrylic resin are formed on the inner surface side of the substrate body 10A. The counter electrode 9 is provided on the layer thickness adjusting layer 76.

  The reflective layer 77 and the liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer 76 are partially formed in the dot region D. More specifically, the reflective layer 77 and the liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer 76 are the pixel electrode 31 on the upper substrate 25 side. Among them, the layer thickness (cell gap) of the liquid crystal layer 50 is formed in a region corresponding to the island-shaped portion 31c (sub-dot region S3), and in the formation region of the reflective layer 77 depending on the film thickness of the liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer 76. However, it is thinner than the liquid crystal layer thickness in the other regions (subdot regions S1, S2). That is, the liquid crystal display device 100A of the present embodiment is a multi-gap transflective liquid crystal display device, and the sub-dot region S3 included in the formation region of the reflective layer 77 is used as a reflective display region, and the remaining sub-dot region. S1 and S2 are transmissive display areas. The layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer 50 adjusted by the film thickness of the liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer 76 is, for example, about 1.5 μm in the reflective display region, and is, for example, about 3 μm in the transmissive display region.

  On the counter electrode 9, dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 that constitute alignment control means for vertically aligned liquid crystal are provided. These dielectric protrusions are formed on the pixel electrode 31 as in the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. It is provided at a position facing the central portion of each of the island portions 31a to 31c. Therefore, also in the liquid crystal display device 100A, the light shielding portions 33a to 33c are respectively arranged at positions where the dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 are planarly overlapped, and leakage light caused by the dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 is observed on the observer side ( It is prevented from being emitted to the outside of the upper substrate 25, and a high contrast transmission display and reflection display can be obtained.

  The boundary area between the transmissive display area and the reflective display area forming a step due to the liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer 76 forms a slope 76s as shown in FIG. 4B, but the liquid crystal of the present embodiment. In the display device, the slope portion 76s is arranged so as to overlap the connecting portion 39 connecting the island-shaped portion 31b and the island-shaped portion 31c in a plane. By adopting such a structure, it is possible to prevent the alignment disorder of the liquid crystal molecules caused by the inclined surface portion 76s from reaching the sub-dot regions S2 and S3 constituting the main display region, and a high-contrast display can be obtained. It is supposed to be.

In the above configuration, the reflective layer 77 can be formed on the upper side (liquid crystal layer side) of the liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer 76. In this case, the display light in the reflective display does not pass through the liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer. There is an advantage that attenuation and coloring can be reduced. Further, in this configuration, the reflective layer 77 can be used as a part of the counter electrode 9.
It is preferable to provide means for scattering the light reflected by the reflective layer 77 on the reflective layer 77 or the liquid crystal layer side. Specifically, the scattering function can be imparted by providing a fine uneven shape on the surface of the reflective layer 77 or providing an optical element having a light scattering function. By providing this light scattering means, regular reflection of external light during reflective display can be prevented, and good visibility can be obtained.

  Further, the liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer 76 may be provided on the upper substrate 25 side. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer 76 and the reflective layer 77 are provided in the sub-dot region S3 having a conductive connection portion between the pixel electrode 31 and the TFD element 40. However, the conductive connection portion is provided. The liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer 76 and the reflective layer 77 may be provided in the non-subdot regions S1 to S2.

  In this embodiment, the multi-gap type transflective liquid crystal display device has been described as an example. However, the present invention also has a problem with the transflective liquid crystal display device in which the liquid crystal layer thickness adjustment layer 76 is not provided. Of course, the present invention can be applied without any problem, and the effect of improving the contrast can be obtained by preventing leakage light.

[Reflective liquid crystal display]
Next, with reference to FIG. 5, an embodiment of a reflective liquid crystal display device will be described. Among the constituent elements shown in FIG. 5, the same constituent elements as those of the liquid crystal display device 100 of FIGS. FIGS. 5A to 5C are drawings corresponding to FIGS. 3A to 3C in the previous embodiment, respectively.

  The liquid crystal display device 100B of this embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is configured to include an upper substrate 25 and a lower substrate 10 that are opposed to each other with a liquid crystal layer 50 interposed therebetween. The configuration of the upper substrate 25 is the same as that of the previous liquid crystal display device 100, but the configuration of the lower substrate 10 is partially different. That is, a reflective layer 78 made of a light-reflective metal film such as aluminum or silver is provided on the inner surface side of the substrate body 10 </ b> A, and the counter electrode 9 is formed on the reflective layer 78. Moreover, the retardation plate and polarizing plate on the outer surface side of the substrate body 10A, and the backlight on the back surface of the panel are not provided.

  Also in the liquid crystal display device 100B having the above configuration, the dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 of the lower substrate 10 and the light shielding portions 33a to 33c of the upper substrate 25 are disposed so as to overlap each other in a planar manner. It is possible to prevent a decrease in contrast due to light leakage due to oblique alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of 73 to 75, and to obtain a reflective display with a wide viewing angle and high contrast.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is a transmissive liquid crystal display device in a vertical alignment mode, similar to the liquid crystal display device 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and among the components shown in FIG. 6, FIGS. Constituent elements common to the liquid crystal display device 100 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. FIGS. 6A to 6C are drawings corresponding to FIGS. 3A to 3C in the previous embodiment, respectively.

  The liquid crystal display device 200 shown in FIG. 6 is mainly composed of an upper substrate 25 and a lower substrate 10 that are arranged to face each other with a liquid crystal layer 50 interposed therebetween. As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the upper substrate 25 has a scanning line 13 extending in the horizontal direction in the drawing on the inner surface side of the translucent substrate body 25A, and is elongated along the scanning line 13. A pixel electrode 31 having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view, a wiring portion 13a extending from the scanning line 13 to the pixel electrode 31, and dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 arranged on the pixel electrode 31 at a predetermined interval. It is prepared for. These dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 function as alignment control means for controlling the alignment state when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the vertical alignment mode, like the dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 according to the previous embodiment.

  Although not shown, a TFD element 40 is formed at the intersection of the scanning line 13 and the wiring part 13a. Further, an enlarged diameter portion is provided at the tip of the wiring portion 13a extending from the TFD element 40 side to the upper side in the figure, and a contact portion 13c that is conductively connected to a pixel electrode 31 described later is formed. As shown in FIG. 6B, an interlayer insulating film 71 is formed so as to cover these scanning lines 13 and wiring portions 13 a, and a pixel electrode 31 is formed on the interlayer insulating film 71. From one short side end (right side end) of the pixel electrode 31, a connecting portion 86 is formed to extend to the right side in the drawing, and a widened portion 31 d is provided at the tip portion thereof, penetrating the interlayer insulating film 71. As a result of the electrical connection between the widened portion 31d and the contact portion 13c through the contact hole 81 reaching the contact portion 13c of the wiring portion 13a, the wiring portion 13a (TFD element 40) and the pixel electrode 31 are electrically connected. Connected.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C, the lower substrate 10 has circular light shielding portions 88a to 88a arranged on the inner surface side of the translucent substrate body 10A at predetermined intervals. 88c and a counter electrode 79. The light shielding portions 88a to 88c can be formed by patterning a metal film or a resin film having light shielding properties.
The counter electrode 79 is formed using a light-transmitting conductive material such as ITO, and has three island portions 79a, 79b, and 79c having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view in the illustrated dot region D. These island-shaped portions 79a to 79c are electrically connected to each other via connecting portions 79r and 79r extending in the horizontal direction in the figure. Further, connecting portions 79d extending from the island-shaped portions 79a to 79c in the vertical direction in the figure are connected to island-shaped portions provided in the dot areas adjacent to the dot areas in the figure. Therefore, the counter electrode 79 as a whole is formed in a substantially stripe shape in plan view extending in a direction orthogonal to the scanning line 13 of the upper substrate 25.

  Thus, the counter electrode 79 has a structure that is roughly divided into a plurality of island-shaped portions 79a to 79c within the dot region D, and the above-mentioned portion of the upper substrate 25 is formed at the center of these island-shaped portions 79a to 79c. Since the dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 are opposed to each other, the liquid crystal display device 200 can orient the liquid crystal molecules in a substantially radial manner from the center of the island-shaped portions 79a to 79c when a voltage is applied. ing. That is, in the liquid crystal display device 200, the three sub-dot regions S1, S2, and S3 that form radial liquid crystal domains corresponding to the planar regions of the island portions 79a to 79c form one dot region D. It has become.

  A phase difference plate 16 and a polarizing plate 17 are laminated in order from the substrate main body 25A side on the outer surface side of the upper substrate 25, and a phase difference plate 18 and a polarizing plate 19 are stacked on the outer surface side of the lower substrate 10. Are sequentially stacked. In addition, a backlight 15 serving as illumination means is disposed outside the lower substrate 10. Further, although not shown, a vertical alignment film is formed so as to cover the pixel electrode 31 and the dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 of the upper substrate 25, and the vertical alignment film is also formed on the counter electrode 79 of the lower substrate 10. ing.

  In the liquid crystal display device 200 having the above configuration, as shown in FIG. 6C, the light shielding portions 88a to 88c are arranged at the center portions of the island-shaped portions 79a to 79c, respectively. Then, as shown in FIG. 6B, the light shielding portions 88a to 88c are provided at positions that overlap with the dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 formed on the pixel electrode 31 of the upper substrate 25 in a plane. As a result, also in the liquid crystal display device 200 of the present embodiment, light leakage caused by the oblique orientation of liquid crystal molecules on the surfaces of the dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 protruding on the liquid crystal layer 50 side is prevented. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high contrast and wide viewing angle display.

  Although the color filter is not illustrated in FIG. 6, the liquid crystal display device 200 can be configured to include a color filter. Usually, the color filter is formed not on the element substrate (upper substrate 25) side formed through a complicated process but on the lower substrate 10 side. In this case, for example, a colored portion having a planar size corresponding to the pixel electrode 31 is formed on the substrate body 10A, and the colored portions are partitioned by a light-shielding member (black matrix). The black matrix can be formed of a black resin film, a resin film formed by overlapping a plurality of the colored portions, or a metal film.

  When the liquid crystal display device 200 is configured to include a color filter in this way, the light shielding member on the substrate body 10A, that is, the black matrix and the light shielding portions 88a to 88c are formed in the same process. Thus, it is possible to realize a high contrast display without complicating the process and increasing the number of steps.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is a vertical alignment mode transmissive liquid crystal display device having the same basic configuration as the liquid crystal display device 200 shown in FIG. Therefore, among the constituent elements shown in FIG. 7, the same constituent elements as those of the liquid crystal display device 200 shown in FIG. FIGS. 7A to 7C are drawings corresponding to FIGS. 6A to 6C in the previous embodiment, respectively.

  The liquid crystal display device 300 shown in FIG. 7 is different from the liquid crystal display device 200 shown in FIG. 6 in that light shielding portions 33a to 33c are provided on the upper substrate 25 side. That is, as shown in FIG. 7A, the upper substrate 25 includes a scanning line 13 extending in the horizontal direction in the drawing, a pixel electrode 31 having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view arranged longitudinally along the scanning line 13, and scanning. A wiring portion 13 a extending from the line 13 to the pixel electrode 31. The light shielding portions 33 a to 33 c are formed at predetermined intervals in the formation region of the pixel electrode 31, and the light shielding portions 33 a to 33 c are planar. Dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 are provided at positions overlapping with each other. These dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 function as alignment control means for controlling the alignment state when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the vertical alignment mode.

In the cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 7B, the wiring portion 13a, the light shielding portions 33a to 33c, and the like are formed on the translucent substrate main body 25A, and the interlayer insulating film 71 covering them is interposed therebetween. A pixel electrode 31 is formed on the substrate. Dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 are formed on the pixel electrode 31.
The conductive connection structure between the pixel electrode 31 and the wiring portion 13a (TFD element 40) is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 200 shown in FIG.

In the liquid crystal display device 300 according to the present embodiment, the dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 serving as the alignment control means of the vertically aligned liquid crystal, and the leakage light caused by the oblique alignment of the liquid crystal molecules on the surfaces of the dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 are shielded. Since the light shielding portions 88a to 88c are all provided on the upper substrate 25, the dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 and the light shielding portions 88a to 88c can be aligned with high accuracy, and the leakage can be more effectively performed. The light can be blocked. In addition, since high alignment accuracy can be obtained, it is possible to reduce the planar dimensions of the light shielding portions 88a to 88c formed slightly larger than the dielectric protrusions 83 to 85 in consideration of the positional deviation. The aperture ratio can be increased and display luminance can be improved. Further, since the light shielding portions 88a to 88c can be formed in the same process as the wiring portion 13a or the scanning line 13, the display contrast can be improved without complicating the manufacturing process and increasing the number of steps. .
Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 300 of the present embodiment can be manufactured without increasing the process load, and is a liquid crystal display device that can display bright, wide viewing angle, and high contrast display.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is a transmissive liquid crystal display device in a vertical alignment mode, similar to the liquid crystal display device 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and among the components shown in FIG. 8, FIGS. Constituent elements common to the liquid crystal display device 100 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. FIGS. 8A to 8C are drawings corresponding to FIGS. 3A to 3C in the previous embodiment, respectively.

  The liquid crystal display device 400 shown in FIG. 8 is mainly composed of an upper substrate 25 and a lower substrate 10 that are arranged to face each other with the liquid crystal layer 50 interposed therebetween. As shown in FIG. 8A, the upper substrate 25 includes a scanning line 13 extending in the horizontal direction in the drawing, a pixel electrode 31 disposed in the longitudinal direction along the scanning line 13, and a scanning electrode 13 extending from the scanning line 13 to the pixel electrode 31. And a wiring portion 13a extending in a shape.

  Similar to the first embodiment, the pixel electrode 31 includes three island-shaped portions 31a to 31c having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view, and connecting portions 39 and 39 that electrically connect them. A TFD element 40 (not shown) is provided at the intersection of the scanning line 13 and the wiring part 13a. The tip of the wiring part 13a extending in a bowl shape from the TFD element 40 side is enlarged in a circular shape in plan view. Thus, a contact portion 89 is formed. The contact portion 89 is disposed at the center of the island-shaped portion 31 c of the pixel electrode 31. In the cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 8B, the wiring portion 13a, the contact portion 89, and the like are formed on the inner surface side of the translucent substrate body 25A, and the pixel is formed on the interlayer insulating film 71 covering them. An electrode 31 is formed. Then, the pixel electrode 31 and the contact portion 89 are electrically connected through the contact hole 72 that penetrates the interlayer insulating film 71 and reaches the contact portion 89. As a result, the pixel electrode 31 and the wiring portion 13a (TFD element 40) are connected. ) And are electrically connected.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8C, the lower substrate 10 includes a counter electrode 9, dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 arranged at predetermined intervals in a region where the counter electrode 9 is formed, and light shielding portions 88a to 88a. 88c. In the cross-sectional structure, light shielding portions 88a to 88c are formed on the inner surface side of the translucent substrate body 10A, and the counter electrode 9 is formed so as to cover these light shielding portions 88a to 88c, and each light shielding portion 88a. Dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 are formed on the counter electrode 9 in a position overlapping with .about.88c in a plane. The dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 function as alignment control means for controlling the alignment state when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the vertical alignment mode.

  Although not shown, a vertical alignment film is formed on the pixel electrode 31 of the upper substrate 25 and on the counter electrode 9 and the dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 of the lower substrate 10. A phase difference plate 16 and a polarizing plate 17 are laminated on the outer surface side of the upper substrate 25 in order from the substrate main body side 25A, and a phase difference plate 18 and a polarizing plate 19 are sequentially formed on the outer surface side of the lower substrate 10 from the substrate main body 10A side. And are stacked. A backlight 15 serving as illumination means is provided on the outer side (back side) of the lower substrate 10.

  In the liquid crystal display device 400 of the present embodiment having the above-described configuration, since the dielectric protrusions 73 to 75 and the light shielding portions 88a to 88c are provided on the lower substrate 10, the dielectric is the same as in the third embodiment. The projections 73 to 75 and the light shielding portions 88a to 88c can be aligned with high accuracy, and the leakage light caused by the dielectric projections 73 to 75 can be effectively shielded to obtain a high contrast display. In addition, since the alignment can be performed with higher accuracy, the light shielding portions 88a to 88c are reduced in diameter to increase the pixel aperture ratio, thereby obtaining a bright display.

  In the present embodiment, the light shielding portions 88a to 88c are provided between the pixel electrode 9 and the substrate body 10A. However, when the lower substrate 10 includes a color filter, the second embodiment is used. Similarly to the above, the light shielding portions 88a to 88c can be formed in the same process as the black matrix which is a light shielding member provided in the color filter, and a liquid crystal capable of obtaining a high contrast color display without increasing the process load. A display device can be realized.

(Electronics)
Next, specific examples of the electronic apparatus including the liquid crystal display device according to the above embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example of a mobile phone. In FIG. 9, reference numeral 1000 denotes a mobile phone body, and reference numeral 1001 denotes a display unit using the liquid crystal display device. When the liquid crystal display device according to any of the above embodiments is used as a display unit of such an electronic device such as a mobile phone, an electronic device including a liquid crystal display unit capable of displaying a wide viewing angle and high contrast is realized. Can do.

  The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is not limited to the above mobile phone, but is an electronic book, a personal computer, a digital still camera, a viewfinder type or a monitor direct-view type video tape recorder, a car navigation device, a pager, an electronic notebook, a calculator, It can be suitably used as image display means for word processors, workstations, videophones, POS terminals, devices equipped with touch panels, and the like.

  The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which a dielectric protrusion having a circular shape in plan view is provided. However, the shape, size, and the like of the dielectric protrusion serving as the orientation control unit are not limited to the above-described embodiment and may be changed as appropriate. Is possible. In addition, an example in which the present invention is applied to an active matrix liquid crystal display device using a TFD as a switching element has been shown. However, an active matrix liquid crystal display device using a TFT as a switching element, a passive matrix liquid crystal display having no contact hole. The present invention can also be applied to an apparatus or the like.

1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment. The plane block diagram which shows an electrode structure similarly. The figure which shows the structure of the 1 dot area | region similarly. The figure which shows the 1 dot area | region in the same structural example of a transflective type. The block diagram which shows the 1 dot area | region in a reflection type structure similarly. The block diagram which shows 1 dot area | region of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. The block diagram which shows 1 dot area | region of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. The block diagram which shows 1 dot area | region of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on 4th Embodiment. FIG. 11 is a perspective configuration diagram illustrating an example of an electronic device.

Explanation of symbols

  100, 100A, 100B, 200, 300, 400 Liquid crystal display device, 10 Lower substrate, 15 Backlight (illumination means), 25 Upper substrate, 31 Pixel electrode, 31a to 31c Island-shaped portion, 33a to 33c, 88a to 88c Part (shading means), 39 connecting part, 40 TFD element (switching element), 73 to 75, 83 to 85 dielectric protrusion (alignment control means), 9,79 counter electrode, 76 liquid crystal layer thickness adjusting layer, 77,78 Reflective layer, 79a to 79c island, S1 to S3 sub-dot area, D dot area

Claims (4)

A vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched between a pair of substrates,
Electrodes for driving the liquid crystal are respectively formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the pair of substrates, and at least one of the electrodes on the substrate side is provided with an alignment control means for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal,
Of the pair of substrates, one substrate is an element substrate including a switching element connected to the electrode through a contact hole, and a signal wiring connected to the switching element.
The contact hole and the orientation control means are arranged in a plane so as to overlap with each other, and include a light shielding means arranged in a plane to overlap the contact hole and the orientation control means ,
The orientation control means is an island-shaped dielectric protrusion formed on the electrode, or an island-shaped electrode opening formed by partially cutting the electrode, and the light-shielding means is the dielectric protrusion. A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the liquid crystal display device is formed in an island shape having a diameter substantially equal to that of the object or the electrode opening . The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode of the element substrate and the switching element are connected via a signal wiring having a width smaller than the diameter of the light shielding means .   3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the light shielding unit is provided on the element substrate and is formed of the same material as a constituent material of the switching element or the signal wiring. The substrate different from the element substrate among the pair of substrates includes the light shielding unit and a color filter formed by arranging a plurality of colored portions,
4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the light shielding unit is made of the same material as the light shielding member that partitions the colored portion. 5.

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