JP4505268B2 - High voltage unit - Google Patents

High voltage unit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4505268B2
JP4505268B2 JP2004175690A JP2004175690A JP4505268B2 JP 4505268 B2 JP4505268 B2 JP 4505268B2 JP 2004175690 A JP2004175690 A JP 2004175690A JP 2004175690 A JP2004175690 A JP 2004175690A JP 4505268 B2 JP4505268 B2 JP 4505268B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
printed circuit
circuit board
electrical insulation
high voltage
series
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2004175690A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2005354871A (en
Inventor
徳次 松沼
充由 海老塚
進 嶋田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Healthcare Manufacturing Ltd
Origin Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Origin Electric Co Ltd
Hitachi Medical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Origin Electric Co Ltd, Hitachi Medical Corp filed Critical Origin Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP2004175690A priority Critical patent/JP4505268B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2005/010783 priority patent/WO2005122378A1/en
Priority to CNA2005800191065A priority patent/CN1965468A/en
Publication of JP2005354871A publication Critical patent/JP2005354871A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4505268B2 publication Critical patent/JP4505268B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/10—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
    • H02M7/103—Containing passive elements (capacitively coupled) which are ordered in cascade on one source
    • H02M7/106—With physical arrangement details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/0213—Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
    • H05K1/0254—High voltage adaptations; Electrical insulation details; Overvoltage or electrostatic discharge protection ; Arrangements for regulating voltages or for using plural voltages
    • H05K1/0256—Electrical insulation details, e.g. around high voltage areas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/18—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/09—Shape and layout
    • H05K2201/09009—Substrate related
    • H05K2201/09063—Holes or slots in insulating substrate not used for electrical connections

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Description

本発明は、複数のダイオード又は抵抗器などを直列接続してなる高電圧整流器又は高電圧抵抗器のような高電圧ユニットに関する。   The present invention relates to a high voltage unit such as a high voltage rectifier or a high voltage resistor formed by connecting a plurality of diodes or resistors in series.

Ｘ線装置、粒子線発生装置など直流高電圧を利用する高電圧機器は多種多様であり、これらに用いられる従来の高電圧整流器の一例としては、相対する辺から切り込みを入れたプリント基板上に複数のダイオードを蛇行させて配置し、直列接続したものがある。このような構造にすることにより、大きな電気絶縁を確保でき、プリント基板を小型化できることが知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   There are a wide variety of high-voltage devices that use DC high voltage, such as X-ray devices and particle beam generators. Examples of conventional high-voltage rectifiers used in these devices are on printed circuit boards that are cut from opposite sides. Some diodes are arranged in a meandering manner and connected in series. With such a structure, it is known that large electrical insulation can be secured and the printed circuit board can be miniaturized (for example, see Patent Document 1).

また、同特許文献には、相対する辺から切り込みを入れた抵抗蛇行搭載基板上に複数の抵抗器を蛇行させて配置し、直列接続した高電圧抵抗器も示している。そして、電気絶縁耐力を大きくするために、蛇行する抵抗器と抵抗器との間にある高さを持った隔壁を設けることも開示されている。   The patent document also shows a high-voltage resistor in which a plurality of resistors are meandered on a resistance meander mounting substrate that is cut from opposite sides and connected in series. In order to increase the electric insulation strength, it is also disclosed to provide a partition wall having a height between the meandering resistor and the resistor.

このような電気絶縁構造は効果的ではあるが、さらに小型化するために、プリント基板の実装面積を小さくして電子部品の実装を高密度化するときには、あるいは電気絶縁耐力を増大するために高電圧ユニットを絶縁油又は絶縁気体中に浸漬する。しかし、その絶縁油又は絶縁気体が汚染されることがあり、その汚染によって絶縁油又は絶縁気体の電気絶縁耐力が低下してきた場合などには、放電が発生するという問題が生じる。   Such an electrical insulation structure is effective, but in order to further reduce the size, it is necessary to reduce the mounting area of the printed circuit board to increase the mounting density of electronic components, or to increase the electrical insulation resistance. Immerse the voltage unit in insulating oil or insulating gas. However, the insulating oil or insulating gas may be contaminated, and when the electric insulation strength of the insulating oil or insulating gas is reduced due to the contamination, there arises a problem that discharge occurs.

また、高電圧ユニットを空気中で使用する場合には必要な電気絶縁を確保するために大型化するが、初期には十分に電気絶縁耐力を得られていても、年月の経過に伴って空気中のチリなどが静電気によって付着し、電気絶縁耐力が低下する。これが著しくなると、プリント基板表面などで沿面放電が発生し、絶縁破壊が起こることがある。
特開２００３−１５３５４０公報 In addition, when using a high voltage unit in the air, the size is increased to ensure necessary electrical insulation. The dust in the air adheres due to static electricity, and the dielectric strength decreases. If this becomes significant, creeping discharge may occur on the printed circuit board surface and the like, which may cause dielectric breakdown.
JP 2003-153540 A

本発明は、前記課題に鑑み、複数のダイオード又は抵抗器などを直列接続又は直並列接続してなる高電圧整流器又は高電圧抵抗器のような高電圧ユニットの電気絶縁耐力を必要に応じて増大させることを目的としている。   In view of the above problems, the present invention increases the electrical dielectric strength of a high-voltage unit such as a high-voltage rectifier or high-voltage resistor in which a plurality of diodes or resistors are connected in series or series-parallel as necessary. The purpose is to let you.

前記課題を解決するために、第１の発明は、対向する辺から互い違いに切り込まれて形成された複数の切り込み部を有するプリント基板と、前記切り込み部に沿って前記プリント基板上に蛇行して配置されている直列接続された複数の電子部品とを備えた高電圧ユニットであって、前記プリント基板上には、前記切り込み部の先端部分における前記プリント基板の長手方向の両辺に沿って導電部がそれぞれ形成され、前記直列接続された複数の電子部品は、前記プリント基板の長手方向の両辺に沿ってそれぞれ形成された前記導電部と前記導電部との間に接続され、前記プリント基板の前記切り込み部を介して向き合う前記導電部と前記導電部との間の電気絶縁を増大させる電気絶縁増強部材を備え、前記電気絶縁増強部材は、相対向する一対の第１、第２の電気絶縁板からなる電気絶縁側壁部と、前記一対の第１、第２の電気絶縁板から相手側方向に交互に延びて前記プリント基板の前記切り込み部に挿し込まれる複数の第３、第４の電気絶縁板からなる電気絶縁壁部と、前記第１、第２、第３、第４の電気絶縁板の一端側と一体的に形成されている第５の電気絶縁板からなる電気絶縁基部とにより、前記プリント基板に着脱自在に構成され、前記電気絶縁基部における、前記電気絶縁壁部の先端に対応する位置に、前記電気絶縁基部と前記プリント基板との間に間隙を確保する突起を備えることを特徴とする高電圧ユニットを提供する。 In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention, a printed circuit board having a plurality of cut portions formed are cut alternately from the opposite sides, the meanders on a printed circuit board along said cut portion a high-voltage unit that includes a plurality of electronic components connected in series are arranged Te, the on the printed circuit board, conductive along the longitudinal direction of both sides of the printed circuit board at the tip portion of the notch portion A plurality of electronic parts connected in series are connected between the conductive part and the conductive part respectively formed along both sides in the longitudinal direction of the printed circuit board. An electrical insulation enhancing member that increases electrical insulation between the conductive part and the conductive part facing each other through the notch part, and the electrical insulation enhancing member is arranged to face each other. The first and second electrical insulation plates and the pair of first and second electrical insulation plates alternately extend in the opposite direction and are inserted into the cut portions of the printed circuit board. A fifth electric formed integrally with an electric insulating wall portion composed of a plurality of third and fourth electric insulating plates and one end side of the first, second, third and fourth electric insulating plates. An electrical insulating base made of an insulating plate is detachably configured on the printed circuit board, and the electrical insulating base is positioned between the electrical insulating base and the printed circuit board at a position corresponding to the tip of the electrical insulating wall. A high voltage unit is provided, which is provided with a protrusion for ensuring a gap .

第２の発明は、前記第１の発明において、前記電気絶縁基部は、前記プリント基板の沿面を低減しない高さを有することを特徴とする高電圧ユニットを提供する。 A second invention provides the high voltage unit according to the first invention, wherein the electrical insulating base has a height that does not reduce a creeping surface of the printed circuit board.

第３の発明は、前記第１又は前記第２の発明において、前記電気絶縁基部は、絶縁油又は気体の電気絶縁耐力と同程度以上の電気絶縁耐力を有することを特徴とする高電圧ユニットを提供する。 According to a third invention, there is provided the high voltage unit according to the first or second invention, wherein the electrical insulation base portion has an electrical insulation strength equal to or higher than an electrical insulation strength of insulating oil or gas. provide.

第４の発明は、前記第１の発明ないし前記第３の発明のいずれかにおいて、前記電気絶縁壁部の突端は、前記プリント基板の各切り込み部の最奥部分に達する長さを有することを特徴とする高電圧ユニットを提供する。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to third aspects, the protruding end of the electrical insulating wall has a length that reaches the innermost portion of each cut portion of the printed circuit board. A high voltage unit is provided.

第５の発明は、前記第１の発明ないし前記第４の発明のいずれかにおいて、前記電子部品はダイオードであって、前記直列接続された複数の電子部品は前記ダイオードを同極性にして直列接続してなるダイオード群を備えている高電圧整流器であることを特徴とする高電圧ユニットを提供する。 According to a fifth invention, in any one of the first to fourth inventions, the electronic component is a diode, and the plurality of serially connected electronic components are connected in series with the diodes having the same polarity. There is provided a high voltage unit characterized by being a high voltage rectifier having a diode group.

第６の発明は、前記第５の発明において、前記ダイオードには、抵抗器とコンデンサのいずれか一方又は双方が並列に接続されていることを特徴とする高電圧ユニットを提供する。 A sixth invention provides the high voltage unit according to the fifth invention, wherein either one or both of a resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel to the diode.

第７の発明は、前記第１の発明ないし前記第３の発明のいずれかにおいて、前記電子部品は抵抗器であって、前記直列接続された複数の電子部品は前記抵抗器を直列接続してなる抵抗器群を備えている高電圧抵抗器であることを特徴とする高電圧ユニットを提供する。 According to a seventh invention, in any one of the first invention to the third invention, the electronic component is a resistor, and the plurality of electronic components connected in series include the resistors connected in series. A high voltage unit comprising a group of resistors is provided.

前記第１の発明によれば、複数のダイオード又は抵抗器などを直列接続してなる高電圧整流器又は高電圧抵抗器のような高電圧ユニットの電気絶縁耐力を、後からでも必要に応じて簡単に増大させることができる。また、前記電気絶縁増強部材と前記プリント基板との間における絶縁油又は気体の移動がスムーズになり、冷却が行われると共に、その間の絶縁油又は気体が他の部分よりも汚れ又は劣化され易くなるのを防ぐことができる。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, the electrical dielectric strength of a high voltage unit such as a high voltage rectifier or a high voltage resistor formed by connecting a plurality of diodes or resistors in series can be easily simplified as needed. Can be increased. In addition, the insulating oil or gas moves smoothly between the electrical insulation enhancing member and the printed circuit board, cooling is performed, and the insulating oil or gas therebetween is more easily contaminated or deteriorated than other portions. Can be prevented.

また、前記第２の発明によれば、プリント基板の沿面距離を短くすることなく電気絶縁耐力を増大することもできる。 In addition, according to the second aspect of the present invention, the electrical dielectric strength can be increased without shortening the creepage distance of the printed circuit board.

また、前記第３の発明によれば、高電圧ユニットを浸漬する絶縁油又は気体が汚れや劣化などで電気絶縁耐力が低下しても、確実に必要な電気絶縁を確保することもできる。 In addition, according to the third aspect of the present invention, even if the insulating oil or gas in which the high voltage unit is immersed is deteriorated due to dirt or deterioration, the required electric insulation can be ensured reliably.

また、前記第４の発明によれば、前記プリント基板の各切り込み部に沿った沿面距離を低下させないので、更に沿面放電の発生を確実に防ぐことができる。 Further, according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the creeping distance along each cut portion of the printed circuit board is not reduced, so that the occurrence of creeping discharge can be prevented with certainty.

また、前記第６の発明によれば、電圧分担を均等化するための抵抗やコンデンサを備える高電圧整流器を提供できる。 According to the sixth aspect of the invention, a high voltage rectifier including a resistor and a capacitor for equalizing voltage sharing can be provided.

また、前記第７の発明によれば、高い電気絶縁耐力をもつ高電圧抵抗器を得ることができる。 In addition, according to the seventh aspect of the invention, a high voltage resistor having high electrical dielectric strength can be obtained.

先ず、本発明を実施するための最良の形態である実施形態１の高電圧ユニットについて説明する。
[実施形態１]
図１ないし図３により本発明の一実施形態について説明する。図１は、両辺から交互に切り込みが設けられたプリント基板に電子部品を蛇行させて配置してなる図面を示す。図２は、本発明の一実施形態に係る高電圧ユニットを示す図であり、図３は本発明に用いられる電気絶縁増強部材の一例を示す図である。 First, the high voltage unit according to Embodiment 1 which is the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.
[Embodiment 1]
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows a drawing in which electronic components are meandered and arranged on a printed board in which cuts are alternately provided from both sides. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a high voltage unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an electrical insulation enhancing member used in the present invention.

先ず、図１に示す配置構造は一般的なものであるが、この配置構造が本発明に係る高電圧ユニットの基本的な部分となる。プリント基板１は、長手方向の両辺から交互に相手側に入り組むように形成されている複数の切り込み部２ａ、２ｂ、２ｃ、２ｄ、２ｅ、２ｆ、及び複数の切り込み部３ａ、３ｂ、３ｃ、３ｄ、３ｅを備えている。これら切り込みを総称する場合には切り込み部２、３という。これら切り込み部２、３に沿って、複数の直列接続された電子部品４が蛇行して配置されている。   First, although the arrangement structure shown in FIG. 1 is general, this arrangement structure is a basic part of the high voltage unit according to the present invention. The printed circuit board 1 includes a plurality of cut portions 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, and a plurality of cut portions 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d formed so as to alternately enter the opposite side from both sides in the longitudinal direction. 3e. When these cuts are collectively referred to as cut sections 2 and 3. A plurality of electronic components 4 connected in series are arranged meandering along the notches 2 and 3.

この実施形態では、電子部品４は高電圧のダイオードであるので、ダイオード４という。ダイオード４は同一方向、つまり隣り合うダイオード同士にあってはアノードとカソードとが導電部５、６を介して接続される。導電部５は、前記切り込み部２、３の先端部分におけるプリント基板１の長手方向の両辺に沿って形成されている導電パターンであり、導電部６は切り込み部２、３に沿って形成されている導電パターンである。これら導電部５、６に各ダイオード４のリード線がハンダ付けされている。なお、両端の最外側の導電部５Ａと５Ｂは図示しない金属端子に接続される。   In this embodiment, since the electronic component 4 is a high voltage diode, it is referred to as a diode 4. In the diode 4 in the same direction, that is, in the adjacent diodes, the anode and the cathode are connected via the conductive portions 5 and 6. The conductive portion 5 is a conductive pattern formed along both longitudinal sides of the printed circuit board 1 at the tip portions of the cut portions 2 and 3, and the conductive portion 6 is formed along the cut portions 2 and 3. A conductive pattern. Lead wires of the diodes 4 are soldered to the conductive portions 5 and 6. The outermost conductive parts 5A and 5B at both ends are connected to metal terminals (not shown).

このような構造の高電圧整流器にあっては、それぞれのダイオード４の逆耐圧が、例えば、７ｋＶとすると、各切り込み部２、３を介して向かい合う導電部５と５との間には４個のダイオ−ド４の逆耐圧に相当する２８ｋＶが印加される。図示しないが、この実施形態では空気よりも電気絶縁耐力の大きな絶縁油の中に浸漬して使用される。各切り込み部２、３を介して向かい合う導電部５と５との間の沿面距離は切り込み部２、３に沿った距離であり、絶縁油の汚れなどによってその電気絶縁性が低下してもほとんど問題にならないが、各切り込み部２、３を介して向かい合う導電部５と５との間の電気絶縁距離は、導電部５と５との間の間隔そのものであるので、絶縁油の電気絶縁耐力が低下すると、放電などが発生する危険性が高くなる。しかし、絶縁油の電気絶縁耐力が低下しなければ問題はない。   In the high voltage rectifier having such a structure, if the reverse breakdown voltage of each diode 4 is 7 kV, for example, there are four diodes between the conductive parts 5 and 5 facing each other through the notches 2 and 3. 28 kV corresponding to the reverse breakdown voltage of the diode 4 is applied. Although not shown, in this embodiment, it is used by immersing it in an insulating oil having a higher electric dielectric strength than air. The creepage distance between the conductive portions 5 and 5 facing each other through the notches 2 and 3 is the distance along the notches 2 and 3, and even if the electrical insulation is deteriorated due to dirt of insulating oil, etc. Although not a problem, the electrical insulation distance between the conductive portions 5 and 5 facing each other through the notches 2 and 3 is the distance between the conductive portions 5 and 5 itself. When the value decreases, the risk of occurrence of discharge increases. However, there is no problem if the electric insulation strength of the insulating oil does not decrease.

したがって、この発明にかかる実施形態では、切り込み部２、３それぞれを介して向かい合う導電部５と５との間の電気絶縁を増大するために、切り込み部２ａ、２ｂ、２ｃ、２ｄ、２ｅ、２ｆ、及び切り込み部３ａ、３ｂ、３ｃ、３ｄ、３ｅに挿脱自在な電気絶縁壁部を有する電気絶縁増強部材１０を組み合わせているところに特徴がある。   Therefore, in the embodiment according to the present invention, the notches 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f are provided in order to increase the electrical insulation between the conductive portions 5 and 5 facing each other through the notches 2, 3 respectively. , And the notch portions 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, and 3e are combined with an electrical insulation reinforcing member 10 having an electrically insulating wall portion that can be inserted and removed.

図３によって電気絶縁増強部材１０の構造について説明を行う。図３（Ａ）は電気絶縁増強部材１０を上面から見た図、同図（Ｂ）は電気絶縁増強部材１０を図面右側から見た図、同図（Ｃ）は電気絶縁増強部材１０を図面下側から見た図、同図（Ｄ）はＡ−Ａ′での断面を示す図である。 The structure of the electrical insulation enhancing member 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 3A is a view of the electrical insulation enhancing member 10 as viewed from above, FIG. 3B is a view of the electrical insulation enhancing member 10 as viewed from the right side of the drawing, and FIG. 3C is a diagram of the electrical insulation enhancing member 10. The figure seen from the lower side, FIG. (D) is a figure which shows the cross section in AA '.

電気絶縁増強部材１０は、絶縁油の電気絶縁耐力とほぼ同等以上の電気絶縁耐力を有するポリカーボネイト樹脂のような合成樹脂材料からなる。図３（Ａ）から分かるように、第１、第２の電気絶縁板１１、１２からなる電気絶縁側壁部を有する。第１、第２の電気絶縁板１１、１２は互いに平行するように配置されており、第１、第２の電気絶縁板１１、１２の向かい合う面から複数の第３、第４の電気絶縁板からなる電気絶縁壁部１３、１４が備えられている。   The electrical insulation enhancing member 10 is made of a synthetic resin material such as polycarbonate resin having an electrical insulation strength substantially equal to or higher than that of the insulating oil. As can be seen from FIG. 3A, the first and second electric insulating plates 11 and 12 have electric insulating side wall portions. The first and second electrical insulating plates 11 and 12 are arranged so as to be parallel to each other, and a plurality of third and fourth electrical insulating plates are formed from the facing surfaces of the first and second electrical insulating plates 11 and 12. Electrically insulating wall portions 13 and 14 are provided.

電気絶縁壁部１３は、プリント基板１の切り込み部２ａ、２ｂ、２ｃ、２ｄ、２ｅ、２ｆに容易に挿し込まれる又は取り外される、つまり挿脱が可能な電気絶縁板１３ａ、１３ｂ、１３ｃ、１３ｄ、１３ｅ、１３ｆからなる。したがって、これら電気絶縁板１３ａ〜１３ｆの隣接するもの同士の間隔は、プリント基板１の切り込み部２ａ〜２ｆの隣接するもの同士の間隔とほぼ同じである。電気絶縁板１３ａ〜１３ｆの厚みＷは、プリント基板１の切り込み部２ａ〜２ｆの幅よりも幾分小さい。また、電気絶縁板１３ａ〜１３ｆの長さＬは、プリント基板１の切り込み部２ａ〜２ｆの長さと同等以上であることが好ましく、電気絶縁板１３ａ〜１３ｆの突端面がプリント基板１の切り込み部２ａ〜２ｆの最奥の面に接するのが、沿面を低減しないという観点から好ましい。 The electrical insulating wall 13 is easily inserted into or removed from the cut portions 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, and 2f of the printed circuit board 1, that is, electrical insulating plates 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d that can be inserted and removed. 13e and 13f. Therefore, the interval between adjacent ones of these electrical insulating plates 13a to 13f is substantially the same as the interval between adjacent ones of the cut portions 2a to 2f of the printed circuit board 1. The thickness W of the electrical insulating plates 13a to 13f is somewhat smaller than the width of the cut portions 2a to 2f of the printed circuit board 1. Further, the length L of the electrical insulating plates 13a to 13f is preferably equal to or longer than the length of the cut portions 2a to 2f of the printed circuit board 1, and the projecting end surfaces of the electrical insulating plates 13a to 13f are cut portions of the printed circuit board 1. It is preferable to contact the innermost surface of 2a to 2f from the viewpoint that creepage is not reduced.

また、電気絶縁壁部１４は、プリント基板１の切り込み部３ａ、３ｂ、３ｃ、３ｄ、３ｅに容易に挿し込まれる又は取り外される、つまり挿脱が可能な電気絶縁板１４ａ、１４ｂ、１４ｃ、１４ｄ、１４ｅからなる。したがって、これら電気絶縁板部１４ａ〜１４ｅの隣接するもの同士の間隔は、プリント基板１の切り込み部３ａ〜３ｅの隣接するもの同士の間隔とほぼ同じである。電気絶縁板１４ａ〜１４ｅの厚みＷは、電気絶縁板１３ａ〜１３ｆと同様に、プリント基板１の切り込み部３ａ〜３ｅの幅よりも幾分小さい。また、プリント基板１の切り込み部３ａ〜３ｅの長さＬは、プリント基板１の切り込み部３ａ〜３ｅの長さと同等以上であることが好ましいが、必要な電気絶縁耐力と沿面距離とが得られれば短くても勿論よい。 Further, the electrical insulating wall portion 14 is easily inserted into or removed from the cut portions 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, and 3e of the printed circuit board 1, that is, electrical insulating plates 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d that can be inserted and removed. 14e. Therefore, the interval between adjacent ones of the electrical insulating plate portions 14a to 14e is substantially the same as the interval between adjacent ones of the cut portions 3a to 3e of the printed circuit board 1. The thickness W of the electrical insulating plates 14a to 14e is somewhat smaller than the width of the cut portions 3a to 3e of the printed circuit board 1 as with the electrical insulating plates 13a to 13f. In addition, the length L of the cut portions 3a to 3e of the printed circuit board 1 is preferably equal to or greater than the length of the cut portions 3a to 3e of the printed circuit board 1, but the required electrical insulation strength and creepage distance can be obtained. Of course, it may be short.

電気絶縁板１３ａ〜１３ｆ、及び電気絶縁板１４ａ〜１４ｅは、図３（Ｂ）に示すように、ほぼ等しい高さＨを有する。この高さＨは、最も高い電圧がかかる各切り込み部２、３を介して向かい合う導電部５と５との間のプリント基板１上の沿面距離を短くしないような寸法に設定されている。また、前述では、電気絶縁板１３ａ〜１３ｆと電気絶縁板１４ａ〜１４ｆとの厚みＷは、プリント基板１の切り込み部２ａ〜２ｆと３ａ〜３ｅの幅よりも幾分小さいと説明したが、それら電気絶縁板の材質の電気絶縁耐力との関係から、最も高い電圧がかかる各切り込み部２、３を介して向かい合う導電部５と５との間で絶縁破壊の起こらない程度の厚みがあればよい。   The electric insulating plates 13a to 13f and the electric insulating plates 14a to 14e have substantially the same height H as shown in FIG. The height H is set to a dimension that does not shorten the creeping distance on the printed circuit board 1 between the conductive portions 5 and 5 facing each other through the cut portions 2 and 3 to which the highest voltage is applied. In the above description, the thickness W of the electrical insulating plates 13a to 13f and the electrical insulating plates 14a to 14f has been described as being somewhat smaller than the width of the cut portions 2a to 2f and 3a to 3e of the printed circuit board 1. From the relationship with the electric insulation strength of the material of the electric insulating plate, it is sufficient that the thickness is such that no dielectric breakdown occurs between the conductive portions 5 and 5 facing each other through the notched portions 2 and 3 to which the highest voltage is applied. .

そして、第１、第２の電気絶縁板１１、１２からなる電気絶縁側壁部、電気絶縁板１３ａ〜１３ｆからなる電気絶縁壁部１３、及び電気絶縁板１４ａ〜１４ｅからなる電気絶縁壁部１４の一端側は、すべて第５の電気絶縁板からなる電気絶縁基部１５によって閉じられ、機械的に結合される。好ましくは、これら第１、第２の電気絶縁板１１、１２からなる電気絶縁側壁部、電気絶縁板１３ａ〜１３ｆからなる電気絶縁壁部１３、電気絶縁板１４ａ〜１４ｅからなる電気絶縁壁部１４、第５の電気絶縁板からなる電気絶縁基部１５は、図示しない鋳型に樹脂を流し込んで一体的に成形されたものであり、接着部や結合部を有していない。したがって、電気絶縁増強部材１０は一面側だけが開放されているだけであり、確実に沿面距離の増大、電気絶縁強度の増強が図れる。   And the electrical insulation side wall part which consists of the 1st, 2nd electrical insulation plates 11 and 12, the electrical insulation wall part 13 which consists of electrical insulation plates 13a-13f, and the electrical insulation wall part 14 which consists of electrical insulation plates 14a-14e One end side is closed and mechanically coupled by an electric insulating base 15 made of a fifth electric insulating plate. Preferably, the first and second electric insulating plates 11 and 12 are electrically insulating side walls, the electric insulating walls 13 are made of electric insulating plates 13a to 13f, and the electric insulating wall portion 14 is made of electric insulating plates 14a to 14e. The electric insulating base 15 made of the fifth electric insulating plate is integrally formed by pouring resin into a mold (not shown) and does not have an adhesive portion or a connecting portion. Therefore, only the one surface side of the electrical insulation enhancing member 10 is opened, and it is possible to reliably increase the creepage distance and enhance the electrical insulation strength.

図３（Ｄ）に示すように、電気絶縁基部１５における電気絶縁壁部１３、１４の先端に対応する位置に突起部１６が備えられている。この突起部１６は、プリント基板１と電気絶縁増強部材１０とを組み合わせたときに、プリント基板１と電気絶縁基部１５との間に適当な間隔を設けるためのものである。したがって、突起部１６は、図示のように規則正しく設けられる必要はなく、両端に２個備えられるようなものであっても良い。このようにすることにより、プリント基板１と電気絶縁基部１５との間における絶縁油の移動が可能になり、絶縁油による冷却が良好になる。 As shown in FIG. 3D, a protrusion 16 is provided at a position corresponding to the tips of the electric insulating walls 13 and 14 in the electric insulating base 15. The protrusion 16 is provided to provide an appropriate space between the printed board 1 and the electrical insulation base 15 when the printed board 1 and the electrical insulation enhancing member 10 are combined. Therefore, the protrusions 16 do not need to be provided regularly as shown, and may be provided at two ends. By doing in this way, the movement of the insulating oil between the printed circuit board 1 and the electric insulation base part 15 is attained, and the cooling by an insulating oil becomes favorable.

このような構造の電気絶縁増強部材１０とプリント基板１とを組み合わせるときには、図２において、プリント基板１の各切り込み部２、３を電気絶縁増強部材１０の各電気絶縁板１３ａ〜１３ｆ、電気絶縁板１４ａ〜１４ｅに合わせて挿し込むことによって、極めて簡単に組み合わせることができる。また、取り外すときには、単に図２においてプリント基板１を引き上げるか、又は下方に電気絶縁増強部材１０を引き下げることによって、容易に取り外すことができる。プリント基板１がどのような方向に向いていても電気絶縁増強部材１０の着脱は容易である。   When combining the electrical insulation enhancing member 10 having such a structure with the printed board 1, in FIG. 2, the notches 2 and 3 of the printed board 1 are replaced with the electrical insulating plates 13 a to 13 f of the electrical insulation enhancing member 10, electrical insulation. By inserting according to the plates 14a-14e, it can combine very easily. Moreover, when removing, it can remove easily by pulling up the printed circuit board 1 in FIG. 2, or pulling down the electrical insulation reinforcement | strengthening member 10 below. The electrical insulation enhancing member 10 can be easily attached and detached regardless of the direction in which the printed circuit board 1 is oriented.

電気絶縁増強部材１０がプリント基板１に装着されると、前述したように、各切り込み部を介して隣り合う導電部５と導電部との間には電気絶縁板１３又は１４が存在し、また、図面のした面には電気絶縁基部１５があり、前方側、あるいは後方側には第１、第２の電気絶縁板１１又は１２が存在するので、沿面を短くすること無く、電気絶縁の増強を図ることができる。   When the electrical insulation enhancing member 10 is attached to the printed circuit board 1, as described above, the electrical insulation plate 13 or 14 exists between the conductive parts 5 and the conductive parts that are adjacent to each other through the notches, and The surface shown in the drawing has an electrical insulation base 15 and the first or second electrical insulation plate 11 or 12 is present on the front side or the rear side, so that electrical insulation can be enhanced without shortening the creepage. Can be achieved.

以上の実施形態では、電子部品をダイオード４として説明したが、抵抗器、あるいはダイオードと抵抗器とを並列又は直列に接続したもの、又はさらにそれらにコンデンサを並列接続したものであってもよい。さらに、これらを２段又は３段など複数段積み重ねた構造であっても勿論よい。そして、実施形態で述べたように高電圧整流器の場合には、同一構成の高電圧整流器を４個ブリッジ接続することにより、全波整流回路を得ることができ、また、図示しないトランスの２次巻線に２個のかかる高電圧整流器を接続してハーフブリッジ型高電圧整流器を得ることができる。 In the above embodiment, the electronic component has been described as the diode 4. However, a resistor, or a diode and a resistor connected in parallel or in series, or a capacitor connected in parallel to them may be used. Furthermore, it may of course be a structure in which these are stacked in multiple stages such as two or three stages. When the high-voltage rectifier as described in the embodiment, by four bridge-connected high voltage rectifiers having the same configuration, it is possible to obtain a full-wave rectifier circuit, also, of the transformer (not shown) 2 A half-bridge high voltage rectifier can be obtained by connecting two such high voltage rectifiers to the next winding.

なお、以上の実施形態では本発明にかかる高電圧ユニットを絶縁油に浸漬して用いる例について述べたが、高電圧ユニットを六弗化硫黄ガス（ＳＦ ６ ）の電気絶縁気体の中にて用いる場合、又は空気中で用いる場合にも同様な効果が得られる。 In the above embodiment, the example in which the high voltage unit according to the present invention is immersed in insulating oil has been described. However, the high voltage unit is used in an electrically insulating gas of sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF 6 ). In the case of use in the air, the same effect can be obtained.

本発明の一実施形態にかかる高電圧ユニットを説明するためのプリント基板を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the printed circuit board for demonstrating the high voltage unit concerning one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態に係る高電圧ユニットを説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the high voltage unit which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態に係る高電圧ユニットに用いられる電気絶縁増強部材を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the electrical insulation reinforcement | strengthening member used for the high voltage unit which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１・・・プリント基板
２ａ〜２ｆ・・・プリント基板１に形成された切り込み部
３ａ〜３ｆ・・・プリント基板１に形成された切り込み部
４・・・電子部品（ダイオード）
５、６・・・導電部
１０・・・電気絶縁増強部材
１１、１２・・・電気絶縁側壁部を形成する第１、第２の電気絶縁板
１３ａ〜１３ｆ・・・電気絶縁板
１４ａ〜１４ｅ・・・電気絶縁板
１５・・・電気絶縁基部
１６・・・突起部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Printed circuit board 2a-2f ... Notch part formed in the printed circuit board 1 3a-3f ... Notch part formed in the printed circuit board 4 ... Electronic component (diode)
5, 6... Conductive portion 10... Electrical insulation enhancing member 11, 12... First and second electrical insulation plates 13a to 13f forming electrical insulation side wall portions. ... Electric insulating plate 15 ... Electrically insulating base 16 ... Protrusions

Claims (7)

対向する辺から互い違いに切り込まれて形成された複数の切り込み部を有するプリント基板と、前記切り込み部に沿って前記プリント基板上に蛇行して配置されている直列接続された複数の電子部品とを備えた高電圧ユニットであって、
前記プリント基板上には、前記切り込み部の先端部分における前記プリント基板の長手方向の両辺に沿って導電部がそれぞれ形成され、
前記直列接続された複数の電子部品は、前記プリント基板の長手方向の両辺に沿ってそれぞれ形成された前記導電部と前記導電部との間に接続され、
前記プリント基板の前記切り込み部を介して向き合う前記導電部と前記導電部との間の電気絶縁を増大させる電気絶縁増強部材を備え、
前記電気絶縁増強部材は、相対向する一対の第１、第２の電気絶縁板からなる電気絶縁側壁部と、前記一対の第１、第２の電気絶縁板から相手側方向に交互に延びて前記プリント基板の前記切り込み部に挿し込まれる複数の第３、第４の電気絶縁板からなる電気絶縁壁部と、前記第１、第２、第３、第４の電気絶縁板の一端側と一体的に形成されている第５の電気絶縁板からなる電気絶縁基部とにより、前記プリント基板に着脱自在に構成され、
前記電気絶縁基部における、前記電気絶縁壁部の先端に対応する位置に、前記電気絶縁基部と前記プリント基板との間に間隙を確保する突起を備えることを特徴とする高電圧ユニット。 A printed circuit board having a plurality of cut portions formed are cut alternately from the opposite sides, a plurality of electronic components are connected in series along said cut portions being arranged in a meandering on the printed circuit board a high-voltage unit with,
On the printed circuit board, conductive portions are respectively formed along both sides in the longitudinal direction of the printed circuit board at a tip portion of the cut portion,
The plurality of electronic components connected in series are connected between the conductive portion and the conductive portion respectively formed along both sides in the longitudinal direction of the printed circuit board,
An electrical insulation enhancing member that increases electrical insulation between the conductive part and the conductive part facing each other through the cut portion of the printed circuit board;
The electrical insulation enhancing member alternately extends in the opposite direction from the pair of first and second electrical insulation plates and from the pair of first and second electrical insulation plates. An electrically insulating wall portion composed of a plurality of third and fourth electric insulating plates inserted into the cut portion of the printed circuit board, and one end side of the first, second, third and fourth electric insulating plates; It is configured to be detachable from the printed circuit board by an electrically insulating base composed of a fifth electrically insulating plate that is integrally formed,
A high voltage unit comprising a protrusion in the electrical insulation base corresponding to a tip of the electrical insulation wall, which secures a gap between the electrical insulation base and the printed circuit board . 請求項１において、
前記電気絶縁基部は、前記プリント基板の沿面を低減しない高さを有することを特徴とする高電圧ユニット。 In claim 1 ,
The high voltage unit, wherein the electrical insulation base has a height that does not reduce a creeping surface of the printed circuit board. 請求項１又は請求項２において、
前記電気絶縁基部は、絶縁油又は気体の電気絶縁耐力と同程度以上の電気絶縁耐力を有することを特徴とする高電圧ユニット。 In claim 1 or claim 2 ,
The high-voltage unit according to claim 1, wherein the electrical insulation base has an electrical insulation strength equal to or higher than that of an insulating oil or gas. 請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれかにおいて、
前記電気絶縁壁部の突端は、前記プリント基板の各切り込み部の最奥部分に達する長さを有することを特徴とする高電圧ユニット。 In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3 ,
The protruding end of the electrical insulating wall has a length that reaches the innermost portion of each cut portion of the printed circuit board. 請求項１ないし請求項４のいずれかにおいて、
前記電子部品はダイオードであって、前記直列接続された複数の電子部品は前記ダイオードを同極性にして直列接続してなるダイオード群を備えている高電圧整流器であることを特徴とする高電圧ユニット。 In any one of Claim 1 thru | or 4 ,
The electronic component is a diode, and the plurality of electronic components connected in series is a high voltage rectifier having a diode group formed by connecting the diodes in series with the same polarity. . 請求項５において、
前記ダイオードには、抵抗器とコンデンサのいずれか一方又は双方が並列に接続されていることを特徴とする高電圧ユニット。 In claim 5 ,
One or both of a resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel to the diode. 請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれかにおいて、
前記電子部品は抵抗器であって、前記直列接続された複数の電子部品は前記抵抗器を直列接続してなる抵抗器群を備えている高電圧抵抗器であることを特徴とする高電圧ユニット。 In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3 ,
The electronic component is a resistor, and the plurality of electronic components connected in series is a high voltage resistor having a resistor group formed by connecting the resistors in series. .
JP2004175690A 2004-06-14 2004-06-14 High voltage unit Expired - Fee Related JP4505268B2 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004175690A JP4505268B2 (en) 2004-06-14 2004-06-14 High voltage unit
PCT/JP2005/010783 WO2005122378A1 (en) 2004-06-14 2005-06-13 High voltage unit
CNA2005800191065A CN1965468A (en) 2004-06-14 2005-06-13 High voltage unit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004175690A JP4505268B2 (en) 2004-06-14 2004-06-14 High voltage unit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2005354871A JP2005354871A (en) 2005-12-22
JP4505268B2 true JP4505268B2 (en) 2010-07-21

Family

ID=35503426

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2004175690A Expired - Fee Related JP4505268B2 (en) 2004-06-14 2004-06-14 High voltage unit

Country Status (3)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4505268B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1965468A (en)
WO (1) WO2005122378A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4569503B2 (en) * 2006-03-22 2010-10-27 株式会社デンソー Passive circuit element series connection type electronic circuit device
US9966872B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2018-05-08 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Voltage rectifier with specific diode arrangement

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002141231A (en) * 2000-10-31 2002-05-17 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd High-voltage transformer and high-frequency heating device
JP2003134824A (en) * 2001-10-18 2003-05-09 Nichicon Corp Dc high-voltage unit

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10178244A (en) * 1996-12-16 1998-06-30 Nec Corp Printed board for high-voltage power supply
JPH10215515A (en) * 1997-01-29 1998-08-11 Sumitomo Wiring Syst Ltd Electric connection box
JP3336970B2 (en) * 1998-09-04 2002-10-21 住友電装株式会社 Automotive electrical junction box
JP3739700B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2006-01-25 オリジン電気株式会社 High voltage rectifier

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002141231A (en) * 2000-10-31 2002-05-17 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd High-voltage transformer and high-frequency heating device
JP2003134824A (en) * 2001-10-18 2003-05-09 Nichicon Corp Dc high-voltage unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1965468A (en) 2007-05-16
WO2005122378A1 (en) 2005-12-22
JP2005354871A (en) 2005-12-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP4802615B2 (en) LC composite parts
JP2004186640A (en) Metallized film capacitor
US20180047497A1 (en) Noise filter
US10405429B2 (en) Transformer integrated type printed circuit board
JPH11186092A (en) Chip-shaped electronic component
JPH02188903A (en) Inductor assembly
JP4505268B2 (en) High voltage unit
JP2009088174A (en) Capacitor
JP2008016582A (en) Printed circuit board for electronic device
JP2004356473A (en) Chip type common mode choke coil
KR102620522B1 (en) Electronic component and board having the same mounted thereon
JP2005197627A (en) Electronic component
JP3864938B2 (en) A metallized film capacitor, an in-vehicle drive inverter circuit using the same, and an automobile equipped with the in-vehicle drive inverter circuit.
JP2008103447A (en) Chip type solid-state electrolytic capacitor
JP4256404B2 (en) Solid electrolytic capacitor
JP5741416B2 (en) Electronic component mounting structure
JP4983462B2 (en) Ozone generating element and manufacturing method thereof
JP7086164B1 (en) Power converter and cutoff mechanism
KR100568305B1 (en) Laminated ceramic capacitor
JP2008270638A (en) Electrical circuit apparatus
JP2005159106A (en) Connection structure of laminated capacitor
JPH11251180A (en) Multilayer capacitor
KR102626342B1 (en) Inductor and dc-dc converter including the same
CN109417849A (en) The improved of isolating transformer is galvanically isolated
CN217883925U (en) PCB electrostatic discharge protection structure, PCB and electrical appliance

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20061222

RD03 Notification of appointment of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7423

Effective date: 20090807

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821

Effective date: 20090807

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20091222

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20100217

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20100219

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20100420

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20100426

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 4505268

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130430

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130430

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140430

Year of fee payment: 4

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313115

S533 Written request for registration of change of name

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313533

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees